DE102014202184A1 - Molded block e.g. concrete-molded block for use in manufacture of pavement, has main portion that is included with rotational symmetry and groove structure that is not included with rotational symmetry - Google Patents

Abstract

The block (10) comprises a top surface (12), a bottom surface (16) and three side surfaces (14.1-14.4) that are arranged to form a prismatic main portion (18). A groove structure (24) having multiple prismatic grooves (26.1-26.3) is formed in the bottom surface for increasing a sliding resistance of the main portion. The main portion is included with 180 [deg] rotational symmetry and the groove structure is not included with 180 [deg] rotational symmetry. The grooves are not merged into the side surfaces of the molded block. The distance between the grooves is different from each other. An independent claim is included for a pavement.

Description

The invention relates to a shaped block, in particular a concrete shaped block, for producing a paving comprising (a) a top, a bottom and at least three side surfaces forming a prismatic body, and (b) has a prismatic groove on the bottom and designed to increase a displacement resistance of the molded block to a substrate.

Such a molded block is from the EP 1 432 871 B1 known. The groove structure on its underside increases the displacement resistance of the molded block perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the groove. If, for example, the stone is placed in a sand bed, sand penetrates into the groove. If the molded block is displaced perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the groove, the groove leads to an increased resistance, since the molded block can not slide on the ground, but it comes to friction between the sand in the groove and the adjacent sand.

In the DE 199 18 143 A1 schematically a concrete block is shown, which has a groove structure of equidistant grooves.

A disadvantage of the known shaped bricks is that they are significantly easier to move in the direction along the longitudinal axis of the groove than in the direction perpendicular thereto.

The invention has for its object to reduce disadvantages in the prior art.

The invention solves the problem by a generic molded block, in which the groove structure has no 180 ° rotational symmetry. According to a second aspect, the

Invention the problem by a molded block according to claim 2.

An advantage of this molded block is that it can be arranged in a regular pattern, for example, as a series formation, wherein the grooves of the individual blocks do not complement each other to a large, running over the dressing groove. In other words, a paving can be produced in which, at least in the case of a majority of the grooves, they are not continued into the adjacent stone. This has the advantage that, when the shaped block is pushed along a longitudinal axis of the groove, it always presses the leading edge of the stone against the base material that has accumulated in the joint of the adjacent stone. This increases the shear resistance and stabilizes the paving.

Another advantage is that this increase in shear resistance can be achieved with technically simple means. Thus, the molded block can be produced with the same machines as known shaped blocks.

It is favorable if the main body of the molded block is cuboidal. In principle, however, it is also possible that the base body is hexagonal, trapezoidal or parallelogram-shaped or has another structure. However, the effect of the above-described groove structure is particularly pronounced in the case of shaped bricks with a cuboid basic body.

In the context of the present description, the feature that the base body has a rotational symmetry of 180 °, in particular, means that a rotation through 180 ° about an axis that is perpendicular to the upper side and / or the lower side, which is the cross section of the main body reflects on itself. If the molded block has projections, the cross section runs through the projections.

In other words, a cross section of the main body has a twofold rotational symmetry. It is possible, but not necessary, for the main body to have only this 180 ° rotational symmetry. It is also possible that the main body additionally has a 90 ° rotational symmetry, thus a fourfold rotational symmetry. In particular, the cross section of the base body may be square.

Under the body is understood the body, which is formed by the top, the bottom and the side surfaces. In other words, it is the hypothetical structure of the shaped block without groove structure and without any protrusions.

According to a preferred embodiment, no groove merges into a side surface of the molded block. In other words, the stone has the full height at its edges. This is extremely advantageous for mechanical production. If a groove merges into a side surface, the uncured material, usually the concrete, can sag on the edge or be pressed down during compaction. If no groove merges into a side surface of the block, thus a significantly lower rejects is achieved.

Preferably, the groove structure has a first groove, a second groove and at least a third groove, wherein the second groove is disposed between the first groove and the third groove and immediately adjacent to the first groove to the third groove, and a first distance between the first groove and the third groove is different from a second distance between the third groove and the second groove. This results in an irregular pattern of the distances of the grooves from each other. If such shaped stones are placed in a paving, the irregular lead Distances to the fact that the grooves of adjacent blocks do not complement or only to a small extent to continuous grooves. This increases the resistance to displacement of the resulting patch.

Particularly preferably, the first distance and the second distance differ by at least 25%.

Preferably, the groove structure has a fourth groove, wherein a third distance between the third groove and the fourth groove differs by at least 25% from both the first distance and the second distance. The increased number of grooves increases the displacement resistance. If more than four grooves are present, preferably the further distances between adjacent grooves differ, but this is not necessary.

If - as provided according to a preferred embodiment - the first distance and the second distance are greater than the clear widths of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove, results in a particularly high resistance to displacement. It is particularly favorable, although the third distance is greater than the clear widths of the first to fourth groove. If more than four grooves are present, preferably all the distances between adjacent grooves are greater than the clear widths of all the grooves.

Preferably, the groove structure has at least two, in particular three grooves. Of course, the number of grooves depends on the size of the block, for commonly used blocks, three or four grooves have been found to be favorable. If the shaped brick has two or more grooves, they preferably run parallel. Such a groove structure is particularly easy to produce.

It is favorable if the first groove is prismatic and has a first cross section, the second groove is also prismatic and has a second cross section, wherein the first cross section and the second cross section differ. In this way, the asymmetry of the groove structure is increased, which increases the displacement resistance against displacement in the direction parallel to the groove longitudinal axis. If the groove structure also comprises a third groove, then this preferably has a cross-section deviating from the cross-section of the first groove and the second groove.

Basically, the cross sections are not limited. It is favorable, however, if the cross section is convex. It is particularly favorable if the first and the second section are trapezoidal, with the respective short base sides differing by at least 20% from one another. A trapezoid is a geometric figure with two parallel sides, with the two sides that are parallel to each other being called the bases. It has been found that it is advantageous if the angle between the short base side and at least one leg is between 110 ° and 130 °, preferably 120 °.

It is possible, but not necessary, that the two angles between the short base and the adjacent leg are the same. Equal large angles facilitate the production, trapezoidal cross-sections with different angles can lead to increased resistance to displacement.

Preferably, the first distance and the second distance differ by at least 10%, in particular by at least 15%. This means that the quotient of the smaller distance as counter and the larger distance as denominator is at most 0.9, in particular at most 0.85.

According to a preferred embodiment, the base body on at least two side surfaces on projections which are arranged so that a plurality of the same shaped stones in a regular pattern can be arranged so that the projections hinder movement along a side surface of the molded block by positive engagement.

In this case, it is particularly favorable if at least a majority of the grooves are arranged such that when the shaped block with the same shaped stones is arranged in the regular, translatory pattern, the projections of this plurality of grooves are adjacent to those in the longitudinal direction of the respective groove Form stone with the grooves have no overlap or have an overlap that corresponds to at most half the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the grooves. In simple terms, the grooves of adjoining blocks in the regular pattern do not complement each other to continuous grooves. A translatory pattern is understood to mean such a pattern in which the shaped bricks are arranged in rows such that at least one side of the bricks runs parallel to the direction of the row and in which the rows are offset from one another.

It is particularly favorable if the shaped brick (and thus not only the main body) has a 180 ° rotational symmetry, wherein the underside with the grooves has no 180 ° rotational symmetry. This means, in other words, that the shaped brick passes into itself about an axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the upper side or the lower side, seen from above, by turning through 180 °, whereas it does not inherently turn itself through 180 ° from below passes.

According to the invention, in addition, a paving, ie an association of a plurality of molded bricks, which may be the same, but not must, wherein the paving comprises a plurality of molded bricks according to the invention, wherein the bricks according to the invention are arranged in a translational pattern and wherein the bricks so are arranged so that at least in a plurality of adjacent blocks at least the majority of the grooves do not extend along a continuous imaginary line. In other words, at least for the majority of the conglomerates and the majority of the grooves these grooves do not complement each other in adjacent shaped blocks to a continuous groove.

Preferably, the paving - at least off of an edge of the paving - exclusively of molded blocks according to the invention.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows

1 a form according to the invention in a perspective view obliquely from above

2 according to the stone 1 in a three-dimensional view from diagonally below,

3a a cross section through the shaped block according to the 1 and 2 .

3b a view from the top of the form stone and

4 a small section of a pavement according to the invention, in which it can be seen that the grooves of the individual blocks do not complement each other to a continuous groove.

5 shows a cross section through a molded block according to the invention according to another embodiment.

1 shows a molded block according to the invention 10 in the form of a concrete form stone, which is a top 12 , a first side surface 14.1 , a second side surface 14.2 , a third side surface 14.3 , a fourth side surface 14.4 and a bottom 16 having. The side surfaces 14 (Reference numerals without counting suffix designate the object as such) form a prismatic body 18 , in the present case in the form of a cuboid. Here as in the entire description under a cuboid and a cube understood.

The main body 18 has projections on its side surfaces 20.1 . 20.2 , ..., which are designed so that in a paving of the same shape stones adjacent lying stones 10 be prevented from shifting relative to each other by positive engagement. The principle is in 4 shown in more detail. The top has a circumferential chamfer 22 , which is dispensable.

2 shows the shaped brick 10 in a view from diagonally below. It can be seen that on the bottom 16 a groove structure 24 is formed, which in the present case three grooves 26.1 . 26.2 and 26.3 having. The grooves 26 are prismatic, that is, they have along their longitudinal axis a constant cross-section. Of course, depending on the size of the block may also be more than three grooves.

3a shows a cross section according to the section AA (see 3b ) through the stone 10 in which a first cross-section Q _{1 of} the first groove 26.1 , a second cross-section Q _{2 of} the second groove 26.2 and a third cross-section Q _{3 of} the third groove 26.3 can be seen. All three cross sections Q ₁ , Q ₂ , Q ₃ are trapezoids, in this case isosceles trapezoids. The two inner angles α, β, between the respective base sides and the respective adjacent legs are the same size and in the present case is 120 °. In order to create an additional asymmetry, the inner angles can also differ.

It can be seen that the base sides G ₁ , G ₂ and G _{3 are} each of different lengths and in the present case G ₁ = 20 mm, G ₂ = 15 mm and G ₃ = 10 mm. The groove spacing A is the distance between the center of the long base side of the respective groove and the nearest side surface. A ₁ is the groove spacing of the first groove 26.1 , A2 the groove spacing of the second groove 26.2 and A3, the groove distance of the third groove 26.3 , A1, A2 and A3 are different from each other.

The 3a and 3b show that the groove structure has no rotational symmetry, because a rotation about a rotation axis D, perpendicular to the bottom 16 runs, forms the groove structure 24 only turn back on itself after a 360 ° turn.

3b shows a view from above of the molded block according to the invention 10 , It can be seen that both the basic body 18 (please refer 1 ) as well as the molded block 10 as a whole have a 180 ° rotational symmetry. In other words, a rotation through 180 ° about the axis of rotation D causes the projections 20 are in the same places.

4 shows a section of a pavement according to the invention 28 from a variety of shaped bricks according to the invention 10 of which the shaped stones 10.1 . 10.2 and 10.3 are shown. Of course, a paving usually includes a significantly larger number of shaped bricks, for example, at least 100 ,

The pavement 28 follows a translational pattern. That means that the shaped stones 10 are arranged in rows, wherein at least one side of the block is parallel to the direction of the row. That's the shape of the stones 10.1 . 10.2 . 10.4 Part of a first row that continues left and right. The form stones 10.3 . 10.5 are part of a second series, which also continues to the left and right. The two rows are - offset in the present case by half a stone - against each other. This means that the joints between the stones of adjacent rows do not complement each other to form a continuous joint.

It can be seen that the projections 20 , as known in the art, are arranged so as to form the individual blocks 10 when they are arranged in the illustrated regular pattern, interlock positively with each other, so that a displacement of a molded block, such as the molded block 10.1 , Along one of the side surfaces by the positive connection with the adjacent molded block, here shaped stone 10.3 or shaped stone 10.2 where movement is prevented.

It can also be seen that the individual grooves of the stones do not complement each other to form a continuous groove. For example, the groove runs 26.1 of the first form stone 10.1 on the side surface 14.1 of the third form stone 10.3 too, but does not align with the groove 26.3 of the third form stone 10.3 or one of the other two grooves. It is therefore not possible to find an imaginary line along which the grooves of adjacent shaped stones run.

In other words, the projection P _{26.1 forms} the groove 26.1 of the formstone 10.1 on the neighboring stone 10.3 no overlap with one of the grooves 26.1 ., 26.2 . 26.3 of the formstone 10.3 , Synonymous with the concept of overlap, the term intersection could also be used.

As another example, the projection P _{26.3 forms} the groove 26.3 of the second form stone 10.2 on the neighboring stone 10.3 no overlap with the groove 26.1 and only a small overlap with the 26.3 , wherein this overlap has an area smaller than one-tenth of the cross-sectional area of the cross-section Q _{3 of} the groove 26.3 ,

In other words, it is possible that a projection partly overlaps with a groove of a neighboring brick, so that an intersection is formed. The area of this overlap or intersection between the projections P _26.3 and the projection of the groove 26.2 of the third form stone 10.3 on its side surface 14.1 However, it is small compared to the cross-sectional area of the grooves involved. In particular, the area of the possible intersection is less than half, in particular as a third, of the cross-sectional area of the grooves involved. If the respective grooves have different cross-sections, this indication refers to the cross-sectional area of the largest groove.

5 shows a cross section through a molded block 10 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The groove structure 24 has another, fourth groove 26.4 whose distance a3 to the adjacent second groove 26.2 differs from the other two distances a1 and a2 by at least 15%. That is, when comparing two distances, the quotient of the smaller of the two distances as the numerator and the larger of the two distances as the denominator is 0.85 or less.

Of course, the groove structure may have further grooves, which are not shown. You can also see the clear widths W of the grooves, for example, the clear width W _{1 of} the groove 26.1 , None of the grooves goes into a side surface. In other words, each distance A (see 3a ) to the nearest side surface greater than the clear width of the groove.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

 cast stone

12

 top

14

 side surface

16

 bottom

18

 body

20

 head Start

22

 chamfer

24

 groove structure

26

 groove

28

 paving

D

 axis of rotation

A

 distance

Q

 cross-section

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1432871 B1 [0002]
• DE 19918143 A1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Form stone, in particular concrete shaped brick, for the manufacture of a paving ( 28 ) which (a) has an upper side ( 12 ), a bottom ( 16 ) and at least three side surfaces ( 14 ) comprising a prismatic body ( 18 ), and (b) on the underside ( 16 ) a groove structure ( 24 ) having at least one prismatic groove ( 26 ) and for increasing a displacement resistance of the molded block ( 10 ) is formed to a substrate, (c) wherein the main body ( 18 ) has a 180 ° rotational symmetry, characterized in that (d) the groove structure ( 24 ) has no 180 ° rotational symmetry. Shaped stone ( 10 ), in particular concrete shaped brick, for the manufacture of a paving ( 28 ) which (a) has an upper side ( 12 ), a bottom ( 16 ) and at least three side surfaces ( 14 ) comprising a prismatic body ( 18 ), and (b) on the underside ( 16 ) a groove structure ( 24 ) - a first prismatic groove ( 26.1 ), which have a first distance (A1) to the nearest side surface (A1). 14 ) and - at least one second prismatic groove ( 26.2 ), which has a second distance (A2) to the nearest side surface (A2). 14 ), characterized in that (c) the first distance (A1) is different from the second distance (A2). Shaped stone ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that no groove in a side surface ( 14 ) of the shaped brick. Shaped stone ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (a) the groove structure ( 24 ) - a first groove ( 26.1 ), - a second groove ( 26.2 ) and - at least a third groove ( 26.3 ), (b) wherein the third groove ( 26.3 ) - between the first groove ( 26.1 ) and the second groove ( 26.2 ) and - directly adjacent to the first groove ( 26.1 ) to the second groove ( 26.2 ), and (c) a first distance (a1) between the first groove (12) 26.1 ) and the third groove ( 26.3 ) from a second distance (a2) between the third groove ( 26.3 ) and the second groove ( 26.2 ) is different. Shaped stone ( 10 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first distance (a1) and the second distance (a2) differ by at least 25%. A shaped block according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the first distance (a1) and the second distance (a2) are greater than a clear width (W ₁ ) of the first groove ( 26.1 ), a clear width (W ₂ ) of the second groove ( 26.2 ) and a clear width (W ₃ ) of the third groove ( 26.3 ). A molded block according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that - the groove structure ( 24 ) a fourth groove ( 26.4 ), - the second groove ( 26.2 ) between the third groove ( 26.3 ) and the fourth groove ( 26.4 ), - the second groove ( 26.4 ) directly adjacent to the third groove ( 26.3 ) and the fourth groove ( 26.4 ) is arranged and - a third distance (a3) between the second groove ( 26.2 ) and the fourth groove ( 26.4 ) differs by at least 15% from both the first distance (a1) and the second distance (a2). Shaped stone ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third groove ( 26.3 ) a third distance (A3) to the nearest side surface ( 14 ), wherein the third distance (A3) is different from the first distance (A1) and the second distance (A2). Shaped stone ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (a) the basic body ( 18 ) on at least two side surfaces ( 14 ) Projections ( 20 ), which are arranged so that a plurality of these shaped bricks ( 10 ) in a regular, translational pattern so to a paving ( 28 ) can be arranged that the projections ( 20 ) a movement along a side surface ( 14 ) of the molded block ( 10 (b) whereby a translatory pattern is such a pattern, in which - the shaped blocks ( 10 ) are arranged in rows so that at least one side of the block is parallel to the direction of the row and - the rows are offset from each other, that (c) the groove structure ( 24 ) is formed so that when the shaped block ( 10.3 ) with the same shaped stones ( 10.1 . 10.2 ) in this paving ( 28 ) is arranged for at least a majority of the grooves ( 26 ) the projections (P _26.1 , P _26.3 ) on the longitudinal direction of the respective groove ( 26 ) adjacent shaped block ( 10 ) with its grooves ( 26 ) have no overlap or have an overlap which is at most half of a cross-sectional area of the respective groove ( 26 ) corresponds. Paving ( 28 ), characterized by (i) a plurality of shaped bricks ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, (ii) wherein the paving follows a translational pattern, (iii) wherein the pebbles ( 10 ) are arranged so that at least in a plurality of adjacent shaped blocks ( 10 ) at least the majority of the grooves ( 26 ) do not run along a continuous imaginary line.

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