DE102013212057A1 - Electric machine and method for manufacturing and / or operating the electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the present invention relates to a method for producing and / or operating an electric machine (100) and an electric machine (100), in particular a starting device such as a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising a drive train with an armature shaft (17) and a power transmission device (120) which can be coupled to the armature shaft (17), wherein the power transmission device (120) is coupled and / or decoupled with the armature shaft (17) via a single-track strand (110) and wherein at least during decoupling and / or out-of-gauge at least one damping (130) on and / or between the power transmission device (120), the Einspurstrang (110) and / or the armature shaft (17) is arranged to dampen a striking of the power transmission device (110) to the armature shaft (17).

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating an electric machine for starting an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

In addition, the invention relates to an electric machine for starting an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 4.

State of the art

The invention relates to a system with a starter or starter motor according to the preamble of the independent claims.

The present invention starters and starters for vehicles with internal combustion engines, which have an electric machine with an armature and a commutator, wherein the armature has an armature shaft with a pinion arranged on the armature shaft.

From the prior art, starters with a starter relay for vehicles with internal combustion engines are known, which generally comprise a DC electric motor for driving the internal combustion engine.

In such starters or starter motors, the pinion is inserted into a sprocket to start the stationary internal combustion engine. Subsequently, the internal combustion engine is started via the starter motor. As soon as the internal combustion engine enters the so-called self-running, it is faster than the starter and the starter is overtaken. In order to protect the starter from too high rotational speeds, the drive train from the starter motor to the pinion is continuous in one direction only, ie a power transmission takes place only in a circumferential direction. For this purpose, a freewheel is usually used, which acts on a roller collar of the pinion.

For starting internal combustion engines with starters predominantly DC motors are used. Such known starters are designed for short-term operation. The life of a known starter is designed for about 30,000 to 60,000 switching cycles.

For a car area, starters are designed as 12V starters. These are designed accordingly for a start-stop operation. Due to the frequent switching correspondingly high demands are placed on such switches. Thus, switches for a start-stop operation to work reliably and safely, without negatively affecting driving comfort. In known methods, the starter pinion with the freewheel assembly is dynamically moved after the starting process of the internal combustion engine. Due to this movement, it comes increasingly to wear.

Disclosure of the invention

The starting device according to the invention and the method according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim or independent claim have the advantage over the prior art that in a method for producing and / or operating an electric machine, in particular a starting device such as a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine , comprising a drive train with an armature shaft and a power transmission device which can be coupled to the armature shaft, wherein the power transmission device is coupled to and disengaged from the armature shaft via a single track, is provided at least one damping at least during decoupling and / or derailing and / or between the power transmission device, the Einspurstrang and / or the armature shaft is arranged to dampen a striking of the power transmission device to the armature shaft. With such a method, on the one hand ensures a soft marks. On the other hand, an impact on the armature shaft is reduced, resulting in less wear and less noise. This is especially gentle on the material for the affected components of the starter, especially as anchor, armature shaft, planetary gear, freewheel and pinion. The freewheel is at least partially movable in one embodiment, that is, designed to be movable in the axial direction. In another embodiment, a stationary at least in the axial direction freewheel is provided.

The stop movement to be damped against the armature shaft is preferably an unintentional translational movement, for example a return movement of the power transmission device. In a Einspurvorgang and a Ausspurvorgang, that is, in a coupling and decoupling the armature shaft, the power transmission device and the Einspurstrang are involved. About the Einspurstrang the pinion is moved in the axial direction away from the drive shaft (meshing) or towards the drive shaft. The Einspurstrang comprises a connected to a switching relay lever which is articulated about a corresponding hinge. The displacement of the lever caused by the relay is translated to the pinion or the power transmission device. The power transmission device adjoins adjacent to an end face or end face of the armature shaft. The Einspurstrang contacted the power transmission device in the front end armature shaft.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the damping is arranged or carried out directly in a stop region defined between the armature shaft and the power transmission device. It is thus carried out a direct damping, which prevents a striking of the power transmission device to the armature shaft, in particular during a Ausspurvorgang. The stop region is preferably formed as a gap between the power transmission device and the armature shaft. More preferably, the stop region is formed axially between the force transmission device and the armature shaft, preferably between a stop surface of the armature shaft, preferably the end face, and a stop surface of the power transmission device, preferably a stop surface of Mitnehmerbodens, in particular one facing the armature shaft end side of Mitnehmerbodens.

In an embodiment, it is provided that the damping is carried out indirectly in an area remote from the stop area and / or spaced apart. Due to the remote arrangement is available for damping a larger space available and / or the damping can be arranged in more accessible places.

The device according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim or independent claim has the advantage over the prior art that in an electric machine, in particular a starting device such as a starter for cranking an internal combustion engine comprising a drive train with an armature shaft and one with the armature shaft coupled power transmission device for power transmission, wherein the power transmission device with the armature shaft via a Einspurstrang and / or decoupled, wherein means are provided for performing a method described above, at least a striking the power transmission device is damped to the armature shaft. As a result, a disturbing noise and wear is reduced. In one embodiment, the power transmission device comprises a freewheeling group or, for short, a freewheel. Furthermore, a driver is preferably included in the freewheeling group. The driver is arranged axially adjacent to the armature shaft. An end face of the driver points to a corresponding end face of the armature shaft. At the driver engages the Einspurstrang, preferably from the radial direction. During a movement of the Einspurstrangs, more precisely, a hinged lever of the Einspurstrangs, the movement is transmitted to the driver, which then performs a corresponding translational movement in the axial direction. The lever is moved via the switching relay.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the means comprise at least one damping on and / or between the power transmission device, the single-track train and / or the armature shaft in order to damp at least one return of the power transmission device against the armature shaft. The damping can be of any desired design, for example as spring-elastic damping, as hydraulic damping, as pneumatic damping, as magnetic damping, as hydrodynamic damping or the like. The damping is designed as a reversible damping for multiple use. The damping comprises in one embodiment a damping body. In another embodiment, a plurality of damping bodies are provided. The plurality of damping bodies are identical in one embodiment. In another embodiment, at least two damping bodies are formed differently from each other. The damping can be formed directly on the bodies to be damped, in particular the driver and the armature shaft, or indirectly, in particular removed from the bodies to be damped, for example on the single-track strand.

In one embodiment, it is therefore provided that the means comprise at least one damping on and / or between the power transmission device, the single-track train and / or the armature shaft in order to damp at least one return of the power transmission device against the armature shaft. The damping is arranged in an embodiment on adjacent to the Einspurstrang arranged components. Since the damping cooperates with the single-track train, dampings arranged adjacent to the one-track train are to be understood in the wording of claim 5, namely that such arranged dampings are arranged on the one-track train, albeit temporarily, that is to say during the moment of the cooperation. From this, in the context of the invention, magnetic damping, which does not contact the single-track strand but nevertheless interact with it, should be included. In one embodiment, the dampings are arranged directly on the single-track strand, the power transmission device and / or the armature shaft. In another embodiment, the damping between the Einspurstrang, the power transmission device and / or the armature shaft and other, adjacent components such as a housing or the like is arranged.

A further embodiment provides that the means comprise at least one direct damping arranged in a stop region defined between the armature shaft and the power transmission device. The abutment region is the region in which the force transmission device contacts the armature shaft at least when it comes to a mark. This area is preferably bounded axially by the respective end sides. In particular, the abutment region is defined axially between the front side of the driver pointing towards the armature shaft and the front side of the armature shaft pointing towards the driver. In other embodiments, the mutually facing end portions paragraphs, for example, with corresponding projections, which are formed, for example, for a contact. In yet other embodiments recesses, for example for damping elements are provided at paragraphs. The damping takes place directly, ie directly in contact with the components to be damped, here the armature shaft and the driver. The force of the components to be damped is absorbed directly by the damping.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the means comprise an indirect damping arranged remotely and / or spaced from the abutment region. The indirect damping is arranged outside the stop area, for example on the single-track line. Since the Einspurstrang is in contact with the driver or more generally with the power transmission device, an attenuation of the Einspurstrangs also causes a damping of the power transmission device with a corresponding design of the arrangement. Thus, an indirect damping of the driver or the power transmission device is realized on the attenuation of Einspurstrangs.

Yet another embodiment provides that the damping is designed as a separate component. The damping comprises in one embodiment a separate damping body. In another embodiment, the damping comprises a plurality of damping bodies. The damping body are at least partially coupled together in one embodiment, so that they interact. In another embodiment, the plurality of damping bodies are separate and independent of each other. It is also provided in one embodiment that the damping is designed to be readjustable, in particular autonachable, so that an optimal damping is always feasible.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the damping is formed as at least partially integrated in the armature shaft, the power transmission device and / or the Einspurstrang and / or damping arranged therein. The damping is formed in one embodiment in one piece with the corresponding component. Another embodiment provides that the damping is formed as a composite part and / or via a corresponding connection integrated with the respective component. In the case of several damping bodies, at least one damping body is integrated with the corresponding component. In one embodiment, a plurality of damping bodies are integrally formed with the corresponding component, preferably all. The damping is preferably designed as a translational damping, that is, the damping absorbs or substantially dampens movements in the axial direction. Thus, the damping takes in particular pressure loads or shock loads. In another embodiment, it is provided that the damping is also attenuated in another direction and is designed, for example, as shearing damping. Here, the damping acts together at least with a surface of the corresponding component. A further embodiment provides that the damping also attenuates rotational movements, for example of the lever of the single-track strand. For this purpose, the damping is preferably arranged at the joint of the articulated lever. Furthermore, an embodiment provides combinations of the embodiments listed above.

Accordingly, an embodiment provides that the damping is designed as an axial damping with at least one elastic portion. The damping also has a non-elastic and / or rigid portion in one embodiment. For example, the damping is circumferentially arranged in a bushing, a recess or the like, wherein a supernatant may be provided over the housing thus formed.

The term "between" is understood in the context of this patent application both in the radial direction and in the axial direction. One embodiment provides for an arrangement of the damping device radially between the armature shaft and the power transmission device. Another embodiment provides for an arrangement of the damping device axially between the armature shaft and the power transmission device. Likewise, embodiments are possible in which the damping device or shorter damping is arranged both in the radial and in the axial direction between the armature shaft and the power transmission device. The power transmission takes place in the radial direction from the armature shaft to the arranged on the armature shaft or seated power transmission device.

The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the independent and independent claims predetermined devices are possible.

In one embodiment of the starter device is provided that the power transmission device comprises at least one planetary gear, a freewheel, a pinion, the driver and / or an armature. Advantageously, the power transmission device ensures a power transmission, in particular a rotational force transmission, from the armature shaft to the planetary gear, the freewheel, the pinion and / or the armature. Preferably, the power transmission device ensures the power transmission to all these components.

The power transmission device according to the invention is a planetary gear, a freewheel, a pinion, a driver and / or an armature.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the damping is designed as at least one spring storage unit and / or energy storage unit. A spring storage unit is understood to mean a component which gives way under load and, after discharge, returns to its original shape while discharging the absorbed energy, that is to say has an elastically resetting or reversible design. The load is preferably carried out by the translational movement of the driver to the armature shaft. In one embodiment, the spring accumulator unit has a spring constant with, for example, a progressive, degressive and / or linear spring characteristic. The spring constant is preferably in the range between 10 N / mm and 120 N / mm, more preferably between 30 N / mm and 100 N / mm. In this case, the spring storage unit or the spring constant is selected depending on the respective starting device. A spring travel of the spring accumulator unit is correspondingly dependent on the respective force to be damped and the force to be applied for moving the spring accumulator unit. The applied force is (material-) dependent on the spring constant. In particular steel, in particular a spring steel, copper, alloys thereof and / or hard rubber are suitable as the material of the spring storage unit.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the spring storage unit is designed as a ring and / or at least one ring segment. One embodiment provides multiple ring segments. For example, a plurality of ring segments are connected to one another and / or formed separately. The ring or the ring segments are formed, for example, as damping rubbers. For example, the ring or the ring segments are arranged along the circumference of the armature shaft.

The damping can be arranged at different locations, for example between the armature shaft and driver or between armature shaft and pinion. The damping is preferably formed of an elastomer or plastic as an insert and / or sprayed. Another embodiment of the damping provides training as a spring washer or wave washer before. This is arranged between the components to be damped. Integrated, the damping can be designed as a stop surface, which itself is constructed as a spring washer or wave washer. Yet another embodiment provides a slotted stop surface, which is correspondingly compliant. By designed as a separate component damping also axial play can be compensated. For example, the damping can be formed as a clamping disk. For manufacturing or assembly, the drive shaft is held firmly with a bias in a fixed position. Optionally, a minimum clearance necessary for operation is set to eliminate the torque reduction. As a result, the drive shaft or armature shaft can only move minimally during operation and absorb shocks coming from the freewheel. In addition, this can damage to directly adjacent to the armature shaft components such. B. the planetary gear, avoid. This further improves the noise characteristics of the start-stop operation.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

1 in a cross-sectional view designed as a starting device electric machine,

2 a section of the electric machine after 1 around a stop area with a damping,

3 the clipping after 2 with another embodiment of a damping, which is shown in two other views and

4 in a cross-sectional view of a section of another embodiment of an electric machine with a damping in an axially fixed freewheel.

Description of the embodiment

The 1 shows in a cross-sectional view designed as a starting device electrical machine of an internal combustion engine with relays 42 , also designed as a switching or contact relay. A housing 10 the electric machine 100 comprises a cylindrical housing part 11 and a lid 13 , which are interconnected by screws, not shown. The cylindrical housing part 11 is behind the lid 13 closed, in the middle part of an outwardly directed, hub is formed. In the hub is a depository, in which a rear end 17a the armature shaft 17 an electric starter motor 18 is stored, whose anchor with 19 is designated. Radially outside the anchor 19 are located on the wall of the housing part 11 several (permanent) magnets 20 the Andrehmotors 18 , The front end of the armature shaft 17 is with a reduced diameter end portion 22 in a coaxially extending, not shown blind bore 23 an output shaft 24 stored. The other end of the output shaft 24 is in one the housing part 11 closing end shield 25 and one at this molded hub 26 stored. The armature shaft 17 indicates near her the bearing shield 25 facing end a gearing 28 (Sun gear), in which planetary gears 29 engage, which also with an external stationary ring gear 30 a planetary gear 31 combing (= transfer).

A planet carrier 12 drives the output shaft 24 on which a freewheel 33 is arranged, whose inner ring 34 a trained as an extension pinion 35 has, on which an external toothing 36 is trained. An outer ring 37 of the freewheel 33 , also referred to as a driver, is via a coarse thread 38 with the output shaft 24 connected. A so-called Einspurfeder acts on him 39 one. By axial displacement of the freewheel 33 can the external teeth 36 with a sprocket 40 the engine are engaged for the purpose of starting. This is done by means of the (engagement) relay 42 in which, when turning on a current, a magnet armature via an extension 43 a lever 44 swung over a backdrop 45 between slices 46 lies, the freewheel 33 moves to the left. The lever 44 is designed with two arms and by means of pins 48 , in a housing-proof warehouse 49 arranged pivotally. On this process is received only briefly, since not essential to the invention.

On the lid 13 is a brush plate 53 on which with the lid 13 is screwed. The brush plate 53 is integrally formed. At her particular brush holder made of plastic are attached, in which coals are arranged, which are under spring pressure to a commutator 63 create, which at the armature shaft 17 is arranged. The coals are connected via connecting leads to a cable lug, which comes with a contact 68 the engagement relay 42 connected is. The strands penetrate a seal 70 , which in the housing part 11 is arranged in an opening. The brush plate 53 is with screws 62 on the lid 13 attached.

A single-track strand 110 includes the lever 44 , which the outer ring or the driver 37 emotional. The driver 37 is part of the freewheeling group or shorter freewheel 33 , This is part of the power transmission device 120 ,

The 2 shows a section of the electric machine 100 to 1 around a stop area 140 with a damping 130 , The damping 130 is in a stop area 140 arranged. In this case, the damping in the embodiment shown here is a direct damping 130 executed. The damping 130 is at one to the armature shaft 17 pointing end face of the driver 37 formed, integrally formed here with the front side. At a mark the damping dampens a contact between the two front sides, that of the driver 37 and the armature shaft 17 , accordingly.

The 3 shows the clipping 2 with another embodiment of attenuation 130 , which is shown in two other views. The damping is designed as a separate component, more precisely as a clamping disc 131 , The clamping disc 131 has a central passage opening 132 on, with which the clamping disc 131 on the shaft end of the armature shaft 17 sitting. In the axial direction A in the direction of the driver 37 protrude from the clamping disc 131 spring elements 133 in front. The spring elements 133 are by outgoing from the passage opening, radial cuts 134 educated. In this way, the flap-like spring elements 133 formed in a simple manner. With these spring elements 133 In addition to damping, it is possible to bring about an axial play reduction.

4 shows in a cross-sectional view a section of another embodiment of the electrical machine 100 with a damping 130 at a fixed in the axial direction A freewheel 33 , The damping 130 is arranged as an example in the figure shown at three different positions. Once is the damping 130 as a front side on the driver 37 arranged damping 130a arranged. Once is the damping 130b at the freewheel 33 turned away from the driver 37 at a bearing seat 2 arranged. And once is the damping 130c adjacent to the sliding pinion 35 at the freewheel 33 educated. Additional positions for the arrangement of the damping 130 are possible.

Claims (10)

Method for producing and / or operating an electrical machine ( 100 ), in particular a starting device such as a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising a drive train with an armature shaft ( 17 ) and one with the armature shaft ( 17 ) coupled power transmission device ( 120 ) for power transmission, wherein the power transmission device ( 120 ) with the armature shaft ( 17 ) via a single-track strand ( 110 ) is coupled and / or decoupled, characterized in that at least one decoupling (and 130 ) and / or between the power transmission device ( 120 ), the Einspurstrang ( 110 ) and / or the armature shaft ( 17 ) is arranged to stop the Power transmission device ( 110 ) to the armature shaft ( 17 ) to dampen. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping ( 130 ) directly in one between the armature shaft ( 17 ) and the power transmission device ( 110 ) defined stop area ( 140 ) is arranged or carried out. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the damping ( 130 ) indirectly in one of the stop area ( 140 ) and / or spaced-apart area. Electric machine ( 100 ), in particular a starting device such as a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising a drive train with an armature shaft (US Pat. 17 ) and one with the armature shaft ( 17 ) coupled power transmission device ( 120 ) for power transmission, wherein the power transmission device ( 120 ) with the armature shaft ( 17 ) via a single-track strand ( 120 ) can be coupled in and / or out, characterized in that means for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3 are provided, in order at least one striking of the power transmission device ( 110 ) to the armature shaft ( 17 ) to dampen. Electric machine ( 100 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the means comprise at least one damping ( 130 ) and / or between the power transmission device ( 120 ), the Einspurstrang ( 110 ) and / or the armature shaft ( 17 ) to at least a return of the power transmission device ( 120 ) against the armature shaft ( 17 ) to dampen. Electric machine ( 100 ) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the means at least one in one between the armature shaft ( 17 ) and the power transmission device ( 120 ) defined stop area ( 140 ) arranged direct damping ( 130 ). Electric machine ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the means one removed and / or spaced from the stop area ( 140 ) arranged indirect damping ( 130 ). Electric machine ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the damping ( 130 ) is formed as a separate component. Electric machine ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the damping ( 130 ) as at least partially in the armature shaft ( 17 ), the power transmission device ( 120 ) and / or the Einspurstrang ( 110 ) integrated and / or damping arranged therein ( 130 ) is trained. Electric machine ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the damping ( 130 ) is formed as an axial damping with at least one elastic portion.

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