DE102012211003A1 - Switch-on device i.e. starter for starting internal combustion engine of vehicle, has axial clearance limiting unit comprising resilient region i.e. thin walled region, in order to reduce armature end clearance of armature shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (100) has an armature shaft (17) whose end (17a) is floatingly supported by a commutator bearing. An axial clearance limiting unit is arranged on the commutator bearing and provided at a front-side of the armature shaft for contacting a tapering front end of the armature shaft. The limiting unit comprises a resilient region i.e. thin walled region, in order to reduce an armature end clearance of the armature shaft. The limiting unit is fixed at the commutator bearing in an axial direction (A) and/or a circumferential direction. The axial clearance limiting unit is designed as a thin walled circular disk and a pot-shaped component. An independent claim is also included for a method for reducing an armature end clearance of a switch-on device.

Description

The invention relates to a starting device, in particular a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of claim 1.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing a starting device, in particular a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of claim 10.

State of the art

The invention relates to a system with a starter or starter motor according to the preamble of the independent claims.

The present invention starters and starters for vehicles with internal combustion engines, which have an electric machine with armature and commutator, wherein the armature has an armature shaft with corresponding armature bearing.

From the prior art, starters with a starter relay for vehicles with internal combustion engines are known, which generally comprise a DC electric motor for driving the internal combustion engine.

In such starters or starter motors, for example, a relay fork lever system with a corresponding relay is responsible for a meshing or a hub in a ring gear. In a hub, also referred to as distance, or more precisely a meshing movement, a relay pulls a fork lever to the rear.

This is done by a corresponding energization of the relay. When energized, a switching axis cooperating with a magnetic core is moved axially in the direction of a contact or away from it. Such starters have an electric motor with a stator, wherein the stator is designed as a magnet. Furthermore, the electric motor has a rotor which has an armature formed from a coil with iron core, which is rotatably mounted in a magnetic field between pole pieces of the stator. A current supply for the armature via a segmented commutator and sliding contacts, so-called commutator brushes. When the rotor is energized, a magnetic field is also produced which interacts with the magnetic field of the stator. In such starters drive or anchor shafts are used, which are floating. In order to limit axial play of these armature shafts, axial securing devices are known. Previously known Axialsicherungseinrichtungen include a seated on the armature shaft lock washer. The seat of the lock washer in a groove of the armature shaft is subject to tolerances. Due to a tolerance chain of several items in relation to the armature shaft, the individual tolerances add during assembly of the starter, so that the armature shaft can have an axial play, more precisely an axial play, which is some 1/10 millimeters and more. Another known solution for reducing an armature longitudinal play or axial play of the armature shaft provides a frontally arranged screw, which is movably arranged on the commutator, and which can be screwed against the end face of the armature shaft.

From the CH 97941 A is known means for starting explosion engines by means of electric motor, the all-pinion gear is brought at the moment of cranking by a pivoting movement concentric with the motor axis engaged and disengaged after successful engagement, the speed of the drive movement is reduced by a double translation, for the purpose the reduction of the current drain on the battery while increasing the torque. According to 2 is there provided a frontally arranged grub screw which is in contact with the end face of a shaft. For this purpose, the grub screw is movable both in the longitudinal direction and in the circumferential direction.

Disclosure of the invention

The starting device according to the invention and the method according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim or independent claim have the advantage over the prior art that in a starter, especially in a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, comprising an armature shaft at its one end a Kommutatorlagers comprising a hub is floatingly mounted, wherein the end face of the armature shaft disposed on the Kommutatorlager Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is provided for contacting an end face of the armature shaft, wherein the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit at least one resilient region, in particular for contacting the front side, to an anchor longitudinal play the armature shaft An armature longitudinal play of the armature shaft can be reduced from a few 1/10 mm to a few 1/100 mm or 0. This significantly reduces the wear of a commutator system of the starter device and especially of the carbon brushes. The Axiallängsspiel or anchor longitudinal play is no longer defined by the tolerances of several, still relatively imprecisely manufactured components.

The starting device preferably comprises an electric motor with rotor and stator and is designed, in particular, as a starter for an internal combustion engine or as a so-called starter motor. This includes the floating armature shaft. The armature shaft is guided in the radial direction by a bush, also called a sintered bushing. The sintered bushing is preferably mounted via the hub in the cover or by means of a bearing point formed in the hub. The lid also acts as a commutator and thus sets the commutator. The armature shaft penetrates the bearing point and protrudes with its rear end on the commutator side facing away beyond the bearing point in the direction of the lid. In this case, the armature shaft, in particular the rear end, in the region of the hub no heels or the like, which allow a determination or limitation in the axial direction. The hub thus defines the armature shaft only in the radial or circumferential direction, but not in the axial direction. This type of armature shaft bearing is called floating bearing. The determination in the axial direction is preferably carried out by the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit at the rear end of the armature shaft, that is on the front side of the armature shaft. For this purpose, the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is disposed between the lid and the front side. For suitable positioning of the axial play limiting unit, this is arranged on the cover. The Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit protrudes from the lid in the direction of the front side, so that the front side is contacted. The Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is integrally formed in one embodiment. In another embodiment, the axial play limiting unit is designed in several parts. In order to effect an optimized limitation of an anchor longitudinal play, the axial play limitation unit has at least one yielding region. The resilient region is preferably arranged facing the front side of the armature shaft. Preferably, the axial play limiting unit contacts the end face with the yielding region. In another embodiment, the axial play limiting unit contacts the commutator bearing or the cover. In yet another embodiment, a plurality of compliant portions are provided, with one compliant portion associated with the commutator bearing or cover and another more compliant portion of the end portion. In yet another embodiment, an unyielding region with which the axial play limiting unit contacts is disposed on the compliant portion. The resilient region is preferably designed as an elastic, partially elastic and / or at least partially reversibly compliant region.

The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the independent and independent claims predetermined devices are possible.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the axial play limiting unit is fixed at least to a fastening region in an axial direction and / or in a circumferential direction on the commutator bearing. The Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit has a mounting portion for placement on the lid. Preferably, the attachment portion is rotatably connected to the lid so that it does not follow a rotational movement of the armature shaft. More preferably, the attachment area is fixed with respect to a longitudinal movement of the lid. Long denotes a direction in the extension direction of the armature shaft and thus corresponds to an axial direction or an armature longitudinal direction. With the determination in the axial direction of the axial play limiting unit is set once. A readjustment in the longitudinal direction is no longer done. A movement of the fastening area in the circumferential direction, that is in a direction of rotation of the armature shaft, and / or in a longitudinal direction is prevented. Preferably, the attachment area is not detachably connected to the lid. In one embodiment, the attachment region and the compliant region are integrally formed. In another embodiment, the resilient portion is non-rotatably connected to the mounting portion.

A further embodiment provides that the resilient region is designed as a thin-walled region of the axial play limiting unit, so that yielding is achieved on account of the thinness. This can be space-saving produce a compliance. In particular, such a one-piece Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit can be realized in a simple manner. For the purposes of the invention, thin-walled means a region which has a smaller thickness compared to adjacent walls, for example a wall of a fastening region, for example at least about 10%, preferably at least about 15% and more preferably at least about 20% lower Thickness. Thin-walled means that a higher elasticity and / or compliance with an adjacent wall is realized.

Yet another embodiment provides that the resilient region is at least partially designed as a region which is more elastic with respect to the armature shaft and / or the commutator bearing, so that due to the elasticity a compliance is realized. For example, the resilient region has a more elastic material than the armature shaft and / or the commutator bearing or the cover.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the resilient area opposite to End face and / or the commutator has a bias to realize a compliance.

A further embodiment provides that the resilient region, the commutator bearing and / or the end face has at least one tapered section in order to minimize a contact surface between the axial play limiting unit, the commutator bearing, in particular the cover, and / or the end face. In this way, a friction between the end face, the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit and / or the commutator or the lid is reduced. In another embodiment, friction-reducing agents such as coatings, in particular a bonded coating, are provided at the corresponding contact points.

A preferred embodiment provides that the resilient region has at least two tapered sections. The tapered areas are parallel in one embodiment, that is, side by side, executed. In another embodiment, the sections are serial, that is, one behind the other, executed.

For example, an embodiment provides that at least one of the tapered regions is formed as a curvature. In particular, a curvature of a thin-walled area is provided. The curvature can be realized, for example, by means of a lateral and / or circumferential fastening region and a resilient region which at least partially surrounds the latter. In this case, for example, the attachment region is attached to the commutator bearing or the cover in the manner of a press fit. The flexible area is pressed in the direction of the front side, so that a curvature is realized. In this way, a bistable axial play limiting unit is realized.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the commutator bearing, the end face and / or the fastening region have locking means for at least axial fixing of the axial play limiting unit. In addition, at least one locking means is preferably seen, which realizes an extensive fixing. The locking means are formed in one embodiment as a separate locking means. In another embodiment, the locking means are integrally formed, for example in a surface of the end face of the commutator, the lid and / or the axial play limiting unit. The locking means are formed for example as grooves, as surface roughness or the like.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the starting device is designed thrust washer free at least in the region of the bearing. Advantageously, the armature shaft is fixed in axial directions by the interaction of Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit, front and commutator, wherein the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is biased against the front side, in particular resiliently biased so that a determination of the armature shaft is ensured in the axial direction without thrust washers.

The inventive method with the features of the corresponding main claim or independent claim has the advantage over the prior art that in a method for reducing an anchor pitch of a starter, in particular a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising an armature shaft, at one end is mounted floatingly by means of a hub comprising a commutator bearing, wherein the end face of the Kommutatorlager a Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is arranged for contacting an end face of the armature shaft, wherein the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit resiliently fixed in contact with the end face at least in an axial direction and / or in a circumferential direction of the commutator is realized, an improved axial play limitation. The Axialspielbegrenzung or Ankerlängsspielreduzierung is particularly small constructive executable. Due to the yielding region, no readjustment, for example in the case of expansions or movements of the armature shaft, is necessary. The axial play limiting unit is arranged on the commutator bearing. For this purpose, the commutator has a pointing to the front side opposite side. The opposite side is provided, for example, on the lid acting as a commutator bearing. The lid has a corresponding receptacle for the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit, for example, an opening such as a through hole or a bore. The Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is formed for example as a thin-walled circular disk, which is pressed into the through hole. The edge of the disc forms the attachment area. The remaining part forms the yielding area. In another embodiment, a cup-shaped Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is provided. The axial play limiting unit is suitably connected to the commutator bearing. The Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit is rotationally fixed and or fixed with respect to a longitudinal displacement. In this case, the resilient part is pressed toward the front side, whereby a bias voltage is realized, with which the resilient part or a part arranged thereon presses against the end face. By pressing a curvature is also realized whereby a rejuvenation is realized. In addition, the curvature facilitates insertion into the passage opening.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

1 in a cross-sectional view of a starting device,

2 1 is a schematic perspective view of a commutator bearing with an embodiment of an axial play limiting unit;

3 schematically in a partially sectioned perspective view of the neckline 2 .

4 schematically in a cross-sectional view a further section after 2 with the axial play limiting unit,

5 schematically another cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit in a Kommutatorlager and

6 schematically in another cross-sectional view, yet another embodiment of an axial play limiting unit in a commutator.

Description of the embodiment

The 1 to 6 show in different views and different levels of detail a starter 100 with an axial play limitation unit 110 ,

1 shows a starting device in a cross-sectional view 100 an internal combustion engine with relays 42 , also designed as a switching or contact relay. A housing 10 the trained as a starter cranking device 100 comprises a cylindrical housing part 11 and a lid 13 , which are interconnected by screws, not shown. The cylindrical housing part 11 is behind the lid 13 closed, in the middle part of an outwardly directed, hub is formed. In the hub is a depository, in which a rear end 17a the armature shaft 17 an electric starter motor 18 is stored, whose anchor with 19 is designated. Radially outside the anchor 19 are located on the wall of the housing part 11 several (permanent) magnets 20 the Andrehmotors 18 , The front end of the armature shaft 17 is with a reduced diameter end portion 22 in a coaxially extending, not shown blind bore 23 an output shaft 24 stored. The other end of the output shaft 24 is in one the housing part 11 closing end shield 25 and one at this molded hub 26 stored. The armature shaft 17 indicates near her the bearing shield 25 facing end a gearing 28 (Sun gear), in which planetary gears 29 engage, which also with an external, stationary ring gear 30 a planetary gear 31 combing (= transfer).

A planet carrier 12 drives the output shaft 24 on which a freewheel 33 is arranged, whose inner ring 34 an extension 35 (Pinion), on which an external toothing 36 is trained. The outer ring 37 of the freewheel 33 is over a steep thread 38 with the output shaft 24 connected. A so-called Einspurfeder acts on him 39 one. By axial displacement of the freewheel 33 can the external teeth 36 with a sprocket 40 an internal combustion engine for the purpose of the starting operation are brought into engagement. This is done by means of an (engagement) relay 42 in which, when turning on a current, a magnet armature via an extension 43 a lever 44 swung over a backdrop 45 between slices 46 lies, the freewheel 33 moves to the left. The lever 44 is designed with two arms and by means of pins 48 , in a housing-proof warehouse 49 arranged pivotally. On this process is received only briefly, since not essential to the invention.

The armature shaft 17 is at its rear bearing end 17a with an axial play limitation unit 110 (not shown here in detail, see 2 - 6 ) secured in the axial direction A (see 2 to 6 ). On the lid 13 is a brush plate 53 on which with the lid 13 is screwed. The brush plate 53 is integrally formed. At her particular brush holder made of plastic are attached, in which coals are arranged, which are under spring pressure to a commutator 63 create, which at the armature shaft 17 is arranged. The coals are connected via connecting leads to a cable lug, which comes with a contact 68 the engagement relay 42 connected is. The strands penetrate a seal 70 , which in the housing part 11 is arranged in an opening. The brush plate 53 is with screws 62 on the lid 13 attached.

The 2 schematically shows in a perspective view of the lid 13 and a bushing 93 (please refer 3 ) having Kommutatorlager 95 with an embodiment of an axial play limiting unit 110 , The lid 13 has an approximately centrally or centrally arranged passage opening 94 on, extending longitudinally or in the axial direction A through the lid 13 extends. The passage opening 94 has a circular cross-section. In the passage opening 94 is the axial play limiting unit 110 used. The axial play limitation unit 110 has one corresponding outer contour, to the contour of the through hole 94 corresponds. In the in the 2 illustrated embodiment is the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit 110 as a thin-walled circular disk 111 educated. The circular disk 111 has a diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 94 is. This results in an insertion of the circular disk 111 in the passage opening 94 a press-fit connection. When inserting the disc bulges when force application 111 in the axial direction A to the armature shaft 17 , An edge 112a (please refer 4 ) of the circular disk 111 acts as a mounting area 112 , The one from the edge 112a surrounding central area acts as a yielding area 113 (please refer 3 ). Due to the thin-walled training is the circular disk 111 from the edge 112a towards the center of the disc 111 more compliant than on the edge 112a , Due to the curvature is a rejuvenation of the yielding area 113 realized. In addition, a bias is realized with the curvature, which the curved, yielding area 113 against an associated end face 17b (please refer 3 ) of the armature shaft 17 suppressed. The pressing of the curvature on the front side 17b is in 3 to 6 shown more clearly.

The 3 shows schematically in a partially sectioned perspective view of the neckline 2 , The in the passage opening 94 arranged, curved and compliant disc 111 lies with the curvature under bias on the out of the bearing bush 93 excellent and from the anchor 19 surrounding armature shaft 17 on, more precisely on the lid 13 facing end face 17b , The edge 112a the circular disk 111 acts as a solid and essentially unyielding attachment area 112 and is rotationally fixed and fixed in the longitudinal direction A in the through hole 94 arranged (see 4 ). The firm seat of the disc 111 in the passage opening 94 is realized via the press fit. The arrangement of the circular disk becomes even clearer 111 in the passage opening 94 based 4 ,

The 4 schematically shows in a cross-sectional view a further detail 2 with the axial play limitation unit 110 , The as circular disc 111 formed, one-piece axial play limiting unit 110 is about the interference fit in the through hole 94 of the lid 13 arranged. Because the circular disk 111 as a thin-walled circular disk 111 is formed, this sits with its edge 112a forming the curvature firmly in the through hole 94 , The vault is towards the front 17b the armature shaft 17 arched. The front side 17b the armature shaft 17 is also as a tapered face 17b formed, which protrudes in the direction of the vault. The vault and the front 17b contact each other to form a contact surface 96 , The contact surface 96 is due to the taper of the circular disk 111 and the front side 17b minimized. Due to the curvature is the circular disk 111 biased at the of the bearing bush 93 surrounding armature shaft 17 at. With an axial movement of the armature shaft 17 the bias acts against axial movement in the direction of the cover 13 , Due to the elastic or resilient design of the circular disc 111 in the area of the contact surface 96 is an optimal contacting of the front side 17b and the circular disk 111 guaranteed. Another embodiment is in 5 shown.

The 5 shows schematically in another cross-sectional view another embodiment of an axial play limiting unit 110 in a commutator camp 95 , The axial play limitation unit 110 is a pot-shaped component 114 with a bottom section 114a and a border section 114b educated. The edge section 114b acts as a mounting area 112 , The bottom section 114a acts as a yielding area 113 , At the bottom area 114a pointing outwards, that is towards the front 17b is a lead 114c designed so that a further taper is realized. The lead 114c together with the thin-walled bottom section 114a makes the yielding area 113 , When contacting the thus formed resilient portion 113 with the front side 17b an optimized axial play limitation is realized. The attachment area 112 has a profiling on its outwardly facing surface 116 on here as spaced apart grooves 116a is trained. Corresponding thereto, the passage opening 94 on the inner surface also as a groove 117 trained profiling 116 on. Becomes the axial play limitation unit 110 in the passage opening 94 pressed, the grooves act 116a . 117 together so that a movement in the longitudinal direction A is no longer feasible. By appropriate training of the profile or profiling 116 is also a non-rotatable fixing the Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit 110 realized against rotation in the circumferential direction. This is for example by appropriate shaping of the flanks of the grooves 116a . 117 realizable. Here is a triangular groove profile realized.

The 6 shows schematically in another cross-sectional view yet another embodiment of the axial play limiting unit 110 in the commutator camp 95 ,

The axial play limitation unit 110 is here as a circular disk 111 with a centrally located projection 114c formed, which is towards the front side 17b rejuvenated. The circular disk 111 corresponds to the projection 114c the circular disk 111 according to the 2 to 4 so that a new description can be omitted here. The middle one head Start 114c corresponds to the lead 114c according to the embodiment according to 5 so that its description can be omitted here. The passage opening 94 indicates as in the embodiment according to 5 several grooves 117 on, in which the circular disk 111 with its edge 112a press in, so that a determination of the axial play limiting unit 110 is realized.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• CH 97941A [0008]

Claims (10)

Starting device ( 100 ), in particular a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising an armature shaft ( 17 ) at one end ( 17a ) by means of a commutator bearing ( 95 ) is floating, with the end face of the armature shaft ( 17 ) one at the commutator bearing ( 95 ) arranged axial play limiting unit ( 110 ) for contacting an end face ( 17b ) the armature shaft ( 17 ), characterized in that the axial play limiting unit ( 110 ) at least one compliant region ( 113 ), an armature longitudinal play of the armature shaft ( 17 ) to reduce. Starting device ( 100 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial play limiting unit ( 110 ) at least with a fastening area ( 112 ) in an axial direction (A) and / or in a circumferential direction on the commutator bearing ( 95 ). Starting device ( 100 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the yielding region ( 113 ) as a thin-walled region of the axial play limiting unit ( 110 ) is formed, so that due to the thin-walled a compliance is realized. Starting device ( 100 ) according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the yielding region ( 113 ) at least partially as one opposite the armature shaft ( 17 ) and / or the commutator bearing ( 95 ) is formed elastic region, so that a resilience is realized due to the elasticity. Starting device ( 100 ) according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the yielding region ( 113 ) opposite the front side ( 17b ) and / or the commutator bearing ( 95 ) has a bias to realize a compliance. Starting device ( 100 ) according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the yielding region ( 113 ), the commutator bearing ( 95 ) and / or the front side ( 17b ) has at least one tapered section to form a contact surface ( 96 ) between the axial play limiting unit ( 110 ), the commutator bearing ( 95 ) and / or the front side ( 17b ) to minimize. Starting device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the yielding region ( 113 ) has at least two tapered sections. Starting device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the tapered portions is formed as a curvature. Starting device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the commutator bearing ( 95 ), the front side ( 17b ) and / or the attachment area ( 112 ) Have locking means for at least axial fixing of the axial play limiting unit. Method for reducing armature longitudinal play of a starter device ( 100 ), in particular a starter, for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising an armature shaft ( 17 ) at one end ( 17a ) by means of a commutator bearing ( 95 ) is mounted floating, with the front side of the commutator ( 95 ) an axial play limiting unit ( 110 ) for contacting an end face ( 17b ) the armature shaft ( 17 ), characterized in that the axial play limiting unit ( 110 ) yielding in contact with the face ( 17b ) at least in an axial direction (A) and / or in a circumferential direction on the commutator bearing ( 95 ).

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