DE102013102593B4 - Method for adjusting the flow of a cavitation mixer for a hygienically produced fluid mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for adjusting the flow of a Cavitations-mixer for a hygienically produced fluid mixture with a Cavitator distance (1) having a Cavitator (1a) or more parallel Cavitatoren (1a, b), with their gap width (11) individually controllable are, wherein- a minimum pressure drop across the Cavitator distance (1) is determined taking into account the properties, in particular the temperature of the fluid to be processed, - a part of the fluid mixture from the discharge line (9) via a return line (3 ) from a point (3a) behind the cavitator path (1) to a point (3b) in front of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure for the cavitator path (1) and before the mixing point (5) of the two components of the fluid -Mixtures is returned, - the pump (4) is selected in terms of their capacity greater than the maximum removal of fluid mixture from the Cavitations-mixer, so that at the end of the Cavitator distance (1) in the an overpressure is present, - the return line (3) is permanently open, and- if the minimum pressure drop of the partial line (2a) returned via the return line (3) is increased and / or- in the presence of several cavitators (1a, b ) at least one of the cavitators (1a, b) is closed and / or the gap width (11) of the cavitator or cavities (1a) is reduced, in particular by axial displacement of the obstacle tree (109), characterized in that the removal of the gaseous component containing fluid mixture in the region of the point (3a) at the lower end of a pipe section (22 ') takes place, the extending direction has a vertical component and the upper end with a point (3b) before the working pressure for the Cavitator- (1) supplying pump (4) is in communication and the discharge line (9) with an upwardly open end (9a) in the pipe section (22 ') above the removal point (3a) for the fluid mixture ends.

Description

field of use

The invention relates to a method for adjusting the flow of a Cavitator system and a Cavitator system.

II. Technical background

As is known, hydrodynamic cavitation mixers are used to produce a suspension or emulsion or a gas-liquid mixture, for example a carbonated beverage, with little effort and without mechanically driven parts, by initially generating steam-filled gas bubbles in the liquid flowing along, which subsequently collapse again in an implosion manner.

When this collapse of a large number of bubbles, the so-called cavitation bubbles, occurs near the interface between two phase areas, say large gas bubbles in water, the second component, in this case the gas bubbles, is torn into smaller units and thereby a very fine mixing of the two components and thus produces a very stable gas-water mixture.

The generation of Cavitationsblasen happens in a flowing liquid - by a drop in the static pressure below the vapor pressure of the liquid, which form vapor-filled gas bubbles, eg. B. due to a current narrowing.

When the static pressure then increases again due to a widening of the flow cross-section and the static pressure again exceeds the vapor pressure, the gas bubbles collapse.

The constriction and subsequent expansion of the flow cross section can be achieved by an obstacle body is arranged in a flow chamber, wherein the remaining gap z. B. between obstacle body and surrounding housing of the flow chamber forms the bottleneck.

By multiple arrangement of such obstacle bodies in a row, for reasons of space preferably in the form of transverse to the flow direction discs, the Cavitationseffekt is multiplied, especially in the flow direction, the annular gap area decreases from one disc to the next respectively.

In addition, cavitation fields are formed in the cavities between the obstacle bodies that are permeable to the first cavitation field forming in the annular gap area, and the superposition of the individual cavitation fields produces a so-called super-cavitation field, which causes a multiplication of the cavitation effect of each individual cavitation field.

The static pressure, which falls short of the cavitation effect, becomes zero or negative in the case of water when the flow velocity exceeds a certain, dependent on environmental conditions value of, for example, about 14 m / s at the trailing edges of the obstacle body.

Cavitators of this kind are used, for example, in mineral water bottling plants or lemonade production, in order either to bind the added CO ₂ as completely as possible in the water, and / or also to add the soda-based raw material (syrup).

There are several problems in practice:

On the one hand, the amount of product delivered per unit of time and to be processed, ie above all the liquid main component of the beverage, can change greatly, depending on the operating state of the upstream plant parts or also the availability and thus also the pressure drop occurring via the cavitator.

Furthermore, z. B. by changing the product whose properties change, for example, its temperature, viscosity, delivery pressure, etc.

In order nevertheless to reliably effect the cavitation effect in the cavitator under such changing conditions, a certain minimum flow velocity, in particular in the flow gaps in the obstacle bodies, and / or a minimum pressure drop must be reached or exceeded, which, however, depends on the stated environmental conditions.

From the DE 44 33 744 A1 , the WO 2006/027002 A1 as well as the DE 698 16 077 T2 it is already known to divert a portion of the product stream behind the Cavitator and attributed, partly before the beginning of the Cavitator route and partly into the Cavitator route into it.

It describes only the DE 44 33 744 A1 a concrete possibility of the return in the first of two cavitators connected in series, in a suction connection arranged laterally there, by the nozzle effect in the first Cavitator with negative pressure is applied, whereby it is even possible to supply the existing behind the cavitator at a low pressure level of material flow to a further point lying at a higher pressure level.

However, in these references, at best, the purpose of the recycle is to improve the cavitation effect on the product. However, a control of the minimum pressure drop across the Cavitator route with the help of the size of the recirculation flow is there neither suggested nor suggested, and certainly no specific sequence and combination of different measures, which should ensure in sum the minimum pressure drop.

It is however from the DE 10 2007 052 642 A1 It is known that the amount supplied to the cavitator can be artificially increased if the pressure drop during the operating time falls below the predetermined minimum pressure drop by re-supplying a partial flow branched off from the main flow at the exit of the cavitator path to the cavitator.

If the mixture to be produced is a foodstuff, or if it is necessary to comply with hygienic conditions for other reasons, additional problems arise:

If the Cavitatorrohr composed of several individual parts, especially in the axial direction adjoining individual parts, but also from two split in the longitudinal half shells, so must be arranged between seals that leave between seal and surrounding material smallest cavities in which collect and multiply germs can. In addition, the individual parts which are to be joined together, usually to be screwed, must fit tightly against one another and as cavity-free as possible in order to reduce these possibilities of contamination as far as possible.

If the Cavitatorrohr, however, made from as few, in particular a single piece, so either the production cost is very high or the assembly of the obstacle to be arranged therein is not possible or very expensive.

If the individual sections of the Cavitatorrohres subsequently welded with flange, with which the individual sections of Cavitatorrohres can be screwed against each other later, so depending on the subdivision of Cavitatorrohres the welds between flange and actual pipe section not treated, in particular sanded or otherwise Welds are smoothed for lack of accessibility in the welded state. This in turn creates the risk of remaining in the weld, open to the interior of Cavitatorrohres pores, which in turn can serve as a deposit site and propagation for germs.

In addition, the welding of flanges extends the overall length of the Cavitatorrohres and thus forcibly also the length of the Obstisbäumchens, which, however, always already in terms of its stability due to the high forces occurring during operation is at the stability limit.

If the welds are in areas where there are only laminar flows during operation of the cavitator, these areas are not optimally self-cleaned by the flow of the medium.

III. Presentation of the invention

Technical task

It is therefore the object according to the invention to provide a method and a device with the aid of which a cavitator system, which may also comprise a plurality of cavitators, is adapted to a change in operating conditions, in particular varying flow rates and product parameters, in particular automatically. can be adjusted and yet meets the hygiene requirements.

Solution of the task

This object is achieved in each case by the features of claims 1 and 16. Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

Since the pressure drop detectable between the inlet and outlet of the cavitator correlates with the flow rate in the cavitator and in particular with the flow velocity at the obstruction bodies, ie cavities bottoms, the cavitator can be controlled due to the pressure drop measured across the cavitator span become. The Cavitator distance can consist of one or more, in this case then usually connected in parallel, Cavitatoren.

First, a minimum pressure drop must be established that must occur at the cavitator path so that cavitation and thus the desired effect of mixing occur within the cavitator.

How high this minimum pressure drop must be depends on a variety of On the one hand on the design and size of the Cavitators, on the other hand, but also from environmental conditions such as the physical properties of the fluid to be treated with the Cavitator, z. As the temperature, viscosity and the pressure at which the fluid to be processed is delivered.

Thus, the pressure drop does not fall below the predetermined minimum pressure drop during operation, a partial stream is diverted from the main stream via a constantly open return line at the exit of the Cavitator route and returned in a circle to the main line before the beginning of the Cavitator route and this fed again, whereby the quantity supplied to the Cavitator distance per unit of time is artificially increased to ensure the occurrence of cavitation. This is done primarily by increasing the throughput per unit time of the working pressure for the Cavitatorstrecke delivering. Pump.

In detail, the necessary control method can be executed differently:

Thus, for example, always a fixed, certain proportion of the main stream can be recycled in a circle, for example, always 50% of the main stream.

It is better, however, to be able to vary the recirculated partial flow in terms of its size, for example, gradually or continuously, which is easy to implement by the above-mentioned measure. As a result, it can be achieved that the occurring pressure drop is always just above the predetermined minimum pressure drop and therefore cavitation occurs.

A significant increase in the pressure drop over this minimum value brings little effective benefit, since the then occurring cavitation is quantitatively hardly larger, so the mixing is hardly improved. In contrast, other problems occur with the return of a considerable or even large part of the main flow:

The multiple treatment in the Cavitator increases the temperature of the medium to be treated, which is disadvantageous for many applications. Likewise, the fluid to be treated thereby not only simple, but several times subjected to the stresses occurring in the cavitator, for example, high shear forces, which depending on the fluid to be treated may be disadvantageous.

The return of the partial flow is made to a point before the working pressure for the Cavitator making available pump, so that the returned partial flow is again brought by means of this pump to the desired working pressure, and also before the mixing point of the supplied components in the main component.

Usually, the pressure drop is measured continuously and the results of the pressure measurement fed to a controller that regulates the flow through the return line. A particularly simple control that offers this is a simple differential pressure controller. In general, however, a more complex control is used, which can also take over other control functions.

Thus, for example, in addition to the pressure drop occurring directly the physical properties of the product, such as temperature, viscosity, etc. are measured and also the pressure, preferably the pressure after the pump, so the working pressure at the entrance into the cavitator are measured. Since the pressure drop is determined anyway by determining the pressures in front of and behind the cavitator, one of these individual pressures is already the pressure at the entrance to the cavitator.

If the cavitator path comprises not just one but several cavitators connected in parallel, adaptation to a low flow rate can also be achieved, in particular additionally, by the fact that - again after a minimum pressure drop above the cavitator distance has previously been established the undershooting of at least one cavitator or sequentially disabled several cavitators, so be closed until the minimum pressure drop is achieved over the Cavitator distance with the remaining cavitators in operation, ie at least one in-service Cavitator.

If the cavitator route comprises two or more equally sized cavitators, one step after the other, these cavitators are shut down when the minimum pressure drop is not reached until only one cavitator is operated.

On the other hand, if the cavitators of a cavitator path are dimensioned differently, the procedure is different:

If the initial state was that all Cavitatoren the route were activated and then the pressure drop below the minimum pressure drop decreases, so first the smallest Cavitator is stopped.

If this is not enough, the smallest cavitator will be activated and instead the next larger cavitator will be deactivated and so on until the minimum pressure drop is reached.

Should this not be achievable with the shutdown of a single Cavitators, the largest single Cavitator is left disabled and continued with the remaining activated Cavitatoren the same run and so on until the end of two or more Cavitatoren are stopped. In this way, the minimum pressure drop is just exceeded without too much increase, which means only high energy losses.

In this way, for example, with three different size cavitators already a very good control of the Cavitator system can be performed.

Preferably, the individual, each next larger Cavitatoren always behave to each other in the same size ratio, for example, 1: 2 or 1: 4.

If an operation with one or more disused Cavitatoren takes place, after a predetermined period - if this is possible due to the same dimensioning of Cavitatoren - the disused Cavitator changed to avoid too long standing of the medium to be processed in disused Cavitator, which there Possibility for undesirable germination would increase.

Conversely, in a cavitator path where not all cavitators are currently in operation, additional cavitators are activated when the instantaneous pressure drop is greater than 30%, and more than 50%, above the predetermined minimum pressure drop. This avoids excessive energy loss and excessive shear stress on the medium.

To shut down a Cavitators both the supply line and in particular the discharge line, ie in front of and behind the Cavitator, locked separately.

This prevents the migration of microbial contamination into and out of the cavitator, as well as pressure surges from the activated area of the cavitator route into the decommissioned cavitator.

Since the cavitator or cavitators of a Cavitator distance with respect to the gap size - ie the size of the effective gap between obstacle bodies and the outer housing of Cavitators for generating the Cavitation - changeable, a control and adjustment to fluctuating flow also - in particular additionally - by the Change the gap size done.

In general, the obstacle bodies are arranged axially one behind the other at a distance, such as disc-shaped bodies which are arranged on an axially extending rod. To adjust the gap size not every single obstacle body is usually moved in its axial position within the usually tapered outer housing, but the axial rod and with him all obstacle body, so the entire obstacle tree.

A particularly simple control is possible because the Obstisbäumchen can only be adjusted back and forth between two end positions, which can be done in a simple manner by means of a compressed-air cylinder.

A finer control option is given if the axial adjustment can be done in several stages or even continuously, for which the tree must be moved, for example by means of a servo motor.

In particular, the continuous adjustment of the gap size is then carried out in direct dependence on the currently measured pressure drop over the Cavitator distance, so that the required minimum pressure drop is just reached.

In a cavitator, the gap width can only be varied between two positions, is switched with set large gap width to the smaller gap width as soon as the minimum pressure drop is exceeded. Conversely, switching from smaller to larger gap width is made as soon as the minimum pressure drop is exceeded by more than 20%.

The minimum pressure drop is set so that, for example, in water as the product to be processed, or a product whose main component is water, at a processing temperature of 20 ° C with deviations of +/- 2 ° C, a flow rate of at least 15 m per Second in Cavitator, especially at all bottlenecks in Cavitator, reached or exceeded. This corresponds to z. B. a minimum pressure drop of 4000 hPa on the Cavitator route.

A Cavitator system can have a number of other influencing options, including:

Since the system has cavitators that are variable in gap width, as the pressure drop drops below the minimum pressure drop, multiple cavities, up to all cavitators in the cavity, are reduced from one large gap to a small gap, if only two Positions of the gap width are possible.

If a stepped multiple variation is possible, the gap width is increasing lowered, preferably in parallel in all Cavitatoren the distance until the minimum pressure drop is reached.

If the available Cavitator plant except the adjustment of the gap width on a Cavitator distance with several parallel cavitators has that can be activated and deactivated individually, the shutdown of one or successively more cavitators is the primary choice of influence for the pressure drop, and only if this is insufficient, in addition, the gap width reduction and the increase of the return portion - in this order - additionally used.

An alternative to this control priority is, as a first measure, to reduce the gap width for all cavitators of the cavitator path that are still continuous, and only if this is not sufficient to deactivate one or more cavitators.

The return flow through the line is never closed in practical operation, in order to avoid deposits and microbial contamination in the line. A return of at least 2%, better 5% of the main stream is sufficient for this.

• - Eine Cavitator-Strecke mit mehreren, parallel zueinander geschalteten Cavitatoren, die einzeln und unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden können. Dabei können die Cavitatoren sowohl vollständig abgeschaltet werden, als auch im geöffneten Zustand ihre Spaltenbreite wenigstens zwischen einer großen und einer kleinen Spaltenbreite, vorzugsweise stufenlos, verstellt werden,
• - wenigstens eine steuerbare Pumpe in der Zufuhrleitung zur Cavitator-Strecke, um den für die Funktion der Cavitatoren notwendigen Druck aufzubringen,
• - eine Messvorrichtung, die den Differenzdruck zwischen zwei Messpunkten vor und nach der Cavitator-Strecke und damit den Druckabfall über der Cavitator-Strecke misst,
• - eine Einspeiseleitung für die zuzuführende zweite Komponente der Mischung, wobei die Leitung insbesondere in der Haupt-Strecke der Cavitator-Anlage vor der Pumpe mündet,
• - eine Steuerung, die unter anderem die Signale der Differenzdruckmessvorrichtung als Input verwendet und in Abhängigkeit davon wenigstens sowohl die einzelnen Cavitatoren ansteuert, also schließt oder öffnet, und im geöffneten Zustand deren Spaltenbreite variiert.

A cavitator system for implementing the influencing possibilities described above thus has the following elements:

• - A Cavitator track with several cavitators connected in parallel, which can be individually and independently controlled. In this case, the cavitators can both be switched off completely, and in the opened state their column width can be adjusted, at least between one large and one small column width, preferably continuously,
• at least one controllable pump in the supply line to the cavitator path in order to apply the pressure necessary for the function of the cavitators,
• a measuring device which measures the differential pressure between two measuring points before and after the cavitator path and thus the pressure drop across the cavitator path,
• a feed line for the second component of the mixture to be supplied, wherein the line opens in front of the pump, in particular in the main section of the cavitator system,
• - A controller that uses, inter alia, the signals of the differential pressure measuring device as input and depending on at least both the individual cavitators controls, so closes or opens, and varies in the open state whose column width.

The gap widths within a cavitator on the individual obstacle bodies can usually only be adjusted together, for example, by axial displacement of the entire, from the outer periphery ago mostly conical, obstacle trees in also mostly conical housing of the Cavitators.

The flow rate through the return line may also be controlled by the controller, for example by means of the controllable pump, depending on the pressure drop across the cavitator path.

For shutting off, ie deactivating, the individual cavitators in the cavitator path, each cavitator preferably has check valves both in front of and behind the cavitator to prevent kickbacks and contamination in and out of the disused cavity.

The measuring points for the measuring device, which measures the pressure difference over the Cavitator-distance, are located on the one hand between the end of CavitatorStrecke and at the latest at the junction to the return, so still on the unbranched main line behind the Cavitator and on the other hand between the pump and the input in the Cavitator track to capture the full initial working pressure towards the Cavitator track.

The feed line for the second component is located with respect to its mouth in the main strand between the mouth of the return line and the pump, but preferably has a cross-connection to the return line.

The at least one cavitator used in this cavitator system, and in particular its cavitator tube, is constructed as follows:

The Cavitatorrohr consists of individual sections, in particular separate sections for product inlet, Cavitationskonus, discharge chamber and Axialstangen-implementation in the flow direction in a row. As a result, the welds arranged on these individual pipe sections can be achieved well before the jointing together, and the weld seams can be reworked, in particular sanded, or otherwise removed from the surface of the weld to the interior of the cavitator.

Preferably, however, the mounting flanges are not welded to these individual pipe sections but made in one piece with these pipe sections from the solid, in particular turned from solid, so that no welds arise that can raise the problems described.

The discharge chamber, which contains the radially outflowing product outlet, is a purchased as a purchased part tee, which thus may indeed have a weld between the radial pipe section and extending in the longitudinal direction pipe section, but this weld was pore-free treated by the manufacturer, which is possible in mass production and specialized devices. At the axial ends of this T-tube piece, the required flanges are welded and the welds aftertreated to close pores.

In addition, a support flange is provided on the side facing the cavitation cone, which has at least two struts which point radially inward from the outer tube conversion and radially support the axial rod, but hinder as little as possible the flow of the medium in the axial direction. This support flange may be an integral part of the welded-on flange of the relief chamber, or a separate flange screwed between the relief chamber and the cavitation cone.

Between the individual pipe sections, which are preferably fixed axially against each other by screwing the flanges, gap-free seals, in particular so-called germ-free seals, are used, which prevent the deposition of germs for lack of residual space between seal and surrounding material and in the seal.

The arrangement of seals is recommended in such a way that the main flow direction does not coincide with the direction of the seals, so the seals are preferably arranged in the circumferential direction or radial transverse direction of the main flow direction, and thus the individual sections of which the Cavitatorrohr consists , connect to each other in the axial direction.

Also to avoid deposits and to improve the self-cleaning effects during operation of the Cavitators be executed on obstacle trees, the transitions between the obstacle bodies and the axial bar carrying them, in particular with a radius of curvature of at least 1 mm, better at least 10 mm, and also all inner edges , In particular annular inner edges, on the inner surfaces of the Cavitators, in particular the inner edges between cylindrical and conical portions of the Cavitators.

A very critical area from a hygienic point of view is also the passage of the axial rod through the front end of the closed Cavitatorrohres, namely the portion of the Axialstangendurchführung.

The annular gap between the axial rod and the receiving, surrounding component is preferably sealed with a gap-free, in particular germ-free, seal such as a lip seal and only in the simple case of an O-ring seal.

In order nevertheless to be able to remove there forming germs without having to disassemble the Cavitator, in the region of the rod passage through the housing in the annular gap opens one or better two opposing cleaning lines, through which a cleaning fluid, such as steam, in the annular gap - And can be dissipated and thereby kills germs formed there.

Upstream and downstream of the mouths of the cleaning lines, this annular gap is sealed by appropriate seals.

Due to the formation of the first obstacle body as a baffle plate, so with one of the flow direction of the first component as strong obstacle bidding baffle, which is flat or even concave against the oncoming first component, the impact and mixing therefore very strong mixing, because over The first obstacle body out, the flow direction of the first component projecting opposite, no support the flow, because this first as well as the following obstacle body can be formed on a particular in the form of a central axis bracket, which is opposite to the flow direction of the first component, approximately, be held in the center of the flow chamber.

By the fluid in the direction of flow after the inlet opening first a cross-sectional constriction and then a cross-sectional expansion, both preferably in a cone shape, passes through the cross-sectional widening a negative pressure generated by the flowing fluid in the flow chamber in front of the baffle plate, which additionally improves the mixing.

A smaller in terms of its area flow gap, measured in the main flow direction of the mixture can be achieved in particular in combination with the impact on the first obstacle body, that decrease the obstacle body in its cross section in the main flow direction and thus the length of the annular gap around the obstacle body, and thus form a narrowing cone in the direction of flow.

The mixture produced is discharged via an outlet opening, which preferably flows out of the housing radially, in particular in the form of a radial annular gap.

The efficiency of the device, which is usually used in an existing pipeline, can be increased by - for example, depending on the flow rate in the feeding tube, the viscosity of the individual components and their miscibility - the obstacle bodies are axially adjustable, in their Distance to each other and / or in groups or even total relative to the surrounding housing, whereby in a conical housing and the absolute size of the annular gap surfaces is changed.

In addition, if the device is designed so that in their operation certain fluidic conditions are met, the cavitation effect is particularly pronounced:

Thus, the cross-sectional constriction should be dimensioned after the inlet opening so that the flow velocity at the narrowest point of the cross-sectional constriction corresponds to the flow velocity in the flow gap of the last obstacle body. In contrast, the flow rate behind it, at the outlet after the last obstacle body, should be slightly higher than in the flow gap at the last obstacle body.

A particularly simple embodiment is provided when round obstacle bodies, in particular round disks, with the diameter remaining the same in the flow direction are used as obstacle bodies, and the decreasing annular gap is achieved by the housing tapering in the main flow direction. However, this effect is less pronounced than with conically smaller obstacle bodies, in particular slices.

Also particularly advantageous is a strong cross-sectional constriction after the inlet opening, so that from the inlet opening to the narrowest point of the cross-sectional constriction, the flow rate by the factor 9 - 13 , especially by factor 10 - 12 , in particular by a factor of 10.5 - 11.5, increased.

It is also advantageous if the obstacle bodies are positioned and dimensioned relative to one another and / or to the surrounding housing in such a way that the flow velocity in the flow gap at the last obstacle body in the flow direction is 1.8 to 2.5 compared to the passage gap for the first obstacle body. in particular increased by 2.0 - 2.3.

The same applies if it is achieved that the flow velocity increases from one to the next obstacle body in the respective passage gap by a factor of 1.1 - 1.4 in each case.

As the optimal ratio between simple design and high efficiency of the device, a number of obstacle bodies between 3 and 10, in particular between 5 and 7, has been found.

The axial distance from center to center of two adjacent obstacle body should be between two and seven times the thickness of the plates, in particular three times to five times.

The radial width of the annular gap between the outer circumference of the plate-shaped obstacle body and the housing should be between 1 and 5 mm, in particular between 1.5 and 3.8 mm.

Moreover, an axial length of the constant cross-section of the housing between the cross-sectional expansion and the baffle plate of 0.7 to 1.4 times the diameter after cross-sectional expansion, that is, the constant cross-section, has been found to be advantageous.

Likewise, the inner free diameter after the cross-sectional expansion, so on the route with a constant cross section between 0.9 and 2.0 times, in particular between 0.9 and 1.1 times, the free cross section of supply and / or discharge piping amount.

Preferably, in particular, the first obstacle body formed as a baffle plate, possibly also the second obstacle body, will have a substantially greater extent in the axial direction than the remaining, rather plate-shaped obstacle bodies. These thicker in the axial direction first obstacle body preferably have on its outer circumference on an annular circumferential concave indentation, so that they each have two annular circumferential, axially spaced Abrisskanten, the indentation should correspond to at least the size of the radial width of the annular gap, preferably a multiple of this gap.

Overall, the device should be dimensioned and designed so that over the entire length of the device, a pressure drop of 2.5 - 6 bar, in particular from 5 - 6 bar adjusts.

embodiments

• 1: eine erfindungsgemäße Cavitator-Anlage,
• 2a, b: einen dabei verwendeten Cavitator,
• 3: das Mündungsstück und
• 4: den Abzweigungspunkt der Rückführleitung.

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

• 1 a cavitator system according to the invention,
• 2a, b : a cavitator used,
• 3 : the mouth piece and
• 4 : the branch point of the return line.

1 shows a Cavitator plant, where in the main flow direction 10 a fluid to be processed, usually water or a product whose main component is water, supplied and over a Cavitator distance 1 which in this case consists of two identical cavitators connected in parallel 1a . b consists.

So in the cavitators 1a . b the desired Cavitationseffekt occurs, the fluid to be processed by a pump 4 , in front of the Cavitator track 1 is arranged in the main strand, brought to the required pressure, which is adjusted depending on the physical properties of the fluid to be processed and other parameters.

In the present case, the Cavitator system is used as a mixer, as in the main flow direction 10 flowing fluid via a feed line 17 a second component, in this case CO ₂ , is supplied.

The feed-in line 17 flows into the supply line 8th in a mixing point 5 , the upstream of the pump 4 opens, so that the complete mixture of pressure increase by the pump 4 is supplied.

From the main flow direction 10 So the discharge line 9 , branches off to the Cavitator route 1 a return line 3 at the point 3a (please refer 3 ) and leads a partial flow 2 of the main stream 2 in the circle back to the supply line 8th to a point 3b , the upstream of the pump 4 and also upstream of the mixing point 5 for the second component lies.

The latter, therefore, also in the mouth piece 23 for the feed-in tariff 17 , so the CO ₂ , always ensuring a sufficient flow rate and thereby the deposition of germs or other impurities in the mouthpiece 23 to prevent.

This feedback, that is, a circuit guide, merely serves, with quantities of fluid to be processed per unit of time supplied in the main flow direction, to achieve the necessary minimum flow rate through the cavitator path 1 necessary to achieve the minimum pressure drop across the cavitator path necessary for the function of the cavitators.

For this purpose, the pressure drop across the Cavitator path 1 from a differential pressure measuring device 15 Measured your results to a controller 6 which communicates with the differential pressure measuring device 15 can also be function-linked.

The differential pressure measuring device 15 and / or the controller 6 receives its input signals from a pressure gauge 14d before and 14c after the Cavitator route 1 , where the pressure gauge 14c directly at the junction point 3a the return line 3 from the discharge line 9 located. In addition, it receives input signals from another pressure gauge 14a at the beginning of the supply line 8th' for the main component and another pressure gauge 14b in the discharge line 9 ' for the finished mixture downstream of the branch point 3a ,

So that the controller 6 The entire system can control reliably, it communicates with other signalers in connection, namely a first flow meter 21a in the feed line 17 for the second component of the mixture, here carbon dioxide, and a second flow meter 21b in the supply line 8th' for the main component.

This control 6 controls those in the supply line 8th for the finished mixture arranged pump 4 , and so on the Cavitator route 1 funded amount per unit time, as well as another pump 22 in the supply line 8th' for the main component immediately after the local first pressure gauge 14a is arranged. Because about the difference in pump performance of these two pumps 4 . 22 , one of which is downstream and the other upstream of the feed point 3b the return line 3 into the supply line 8th' is arranged, is controlled by the size of the return line 3 recycled partial flow 2a is ..

Furthermore, each of the cavitators connected in parallel 1a , b of the Cavitator Range 1 through in front of and behind the respective cavitator 1a arranged check valves 18a . b . c . d shut down separately, so be closed.

Also these check valves 18a . c or. 18 b . d with every cavitator 1a , b be from the controller 6 controlled, so that each Cavitator can be activated and deactivated.

This would be the case with every single Cavitator 1a . b even a single check valve sufficient, but should be prevented by the two check valves that unilaterally mixed liquid and thus germs or even pressure shocks from the main strand from acting on the stopped Cavitator.

Furthermore, with every Cavitator 1a . b this in 2 shown in detail - obstacle - nisbäumchen 109 with the attached obstacle bodies 108a . b in the axial direction 10 the Cavitators at least between two end positions by means of a compressed air cylinder 13a . b displaceable, which due to the conical design of both the Obstisbäumchens and the surrounding Cavitatorgehäuses the gap width 11 from large to small gap width and vice versa can be adjusted.

Also, this adjustment causing air cylinder 13a . b be from the controller 6 from controlled.

Between the feed-in line 17 for the carbon dioxide and the supply pipe 8th there is also a connection line 19 who are in the feed line 17 between the mouth piece 23 and the flow meter 21a branches off and in the supply line 8th at the entry point 3b the return line 3 empties.

This connection line 19 as well as the other shut-off valves contained in the lines serve primarily for cleaning purposes:

Because by closing the check valve 12d and opening the two check valves in the connecting line 19 is by the mouthpiece 23 occurring Venturi effect on the check valve 12c Suctioned fluid and ensured its complete cleaning.

Furthermore, various check valves are in the lines 12a - c present, namely the check valve 12a in the supply line 8th' for the main component, the check valve 12b in the return line 3 and the check valve 12c in the feed-in line 17 , Which ensures that in the local lines there is a flow only in the desired flow direction, ie the Cavitatorstrecke 1 out, takes place.

• - Einerseits die Leistung der den Arbeitsdruck für die Cavitatorstrecke 1 zur Verfügung stellen der Pumpe 4 sowie hier auch der weiteren, stromaufwärts gelegenen, Pumpe 22 für die Hauptkomponente,
• - andererseits das Zu- und Abschalten einzelner Cavitatoren 1a, b der Cavitator-Strecke 1,
• - weiterhin das Vergrößern oder Verkleinern der Spaltbreite in den einzelnen Cavitatoren 1a, b, in diesem Fall durch Umschalten von großer auf kleiner Spaltbreite und zurück, separat und unabhängig für jeden einzelnen Cavitator 1a, b.

This controls the controller 6 the three main influencing possibilities for the pressure drop over the Cavitator distance, which for a perfect function and application of the Cavitationseffektes should not fall under one - for each individual case of the plant-specific - minimum pressure drop:

• - On the one hand, the performance of the working pressure for the Cavitatorstrecke 1 providing the pump 4 and here also the other, upstream, pump 22 for the main component,
• - On the other hand, the connection and disconnection of individual Cavitatoren 1a . b the Cavitator range 1 .
• - Continue to increase or decrease the gap width in the individual Cavitatoren 1a . b , in this case by switching from large to small gap width and back, separately and independently for each individual Cavitator 1a . b ,

The 2a, b show the used Cavitator once with a small gap width 11 and once with a large gap width 11 ' each in longitudinal section.

The Cavitatorrohr 100 consists of several screwed against each other sections, namely the product inlet 102 , the cavitation cone 103 , the discharge chamber 105 and the axial feedthrough 104 , which are in this order in the flow direction 10 , the longitudinal direction of the Cavitatorrohrs 100 , connect to each other.

The individual pipe sections are conventionally by means of radially outwardly projecting flanges 102a, b, 103a, b, 104a, 10 5a, b screwed together. In this case, the discharge chamber 105 a third flange 105c on, because there the product outlet 119 of the medium, that is the mixture, takes place radially to the side.

In the axial direction 10 becomes this discharge chamber 105 nevertheless closed by the Axialdurchführung 104 through which the axial rod passes 107 led to the outside, which together with the obstacle bodies located on it 108a . b the obstacle tree 109 in the interior 101 in the length range of the cavitation cone 103 forms. This allows the obstacle tree 109 longitudinal 10 can be adjusted and fixed, which in the Axialdurchführung 104 happens, which because of the chronic design of Obstacle tree 109 and / or the interior 101 of the cavitation cone 103 the radial gap width 11 between the individual obstacle bodies 108a - e and the surrounding Cavitatorrohr 100 can be adjusted, the size of the occurrence of the cavitation effect depends significantly.

Around the freely projecting length of the obstacle tree 109 To keep as low as possible, is the axial rod 107 of the obstacle tree 109 at the transition between the discharge chamber 105 and the cavitation cone 103 radially supported by a support flange 126 In this case, narrow struts extend radially inwards from the outer pipe socket at, for example, two opposite points and hold a thin ring, which is the radial guide for the axial rod 107 represents. The narrow struts impede the axial flow through the interior 101 barely.

This support flange 126 can be an integral part of the mounting flange 105a his or her a separate part, which between the two adjacent components, so discharge chamber 105 on the one hand and cavitation cone 103 on the other hand, is screwed.

Longitudinal 10 starting from the product infeed 102 a substantially straight piece of pipe, in its central opening, in 2a, b from the right, the already prepared mixture through the entrance opening 124 into the Cavitatorrohr 100 flows.

The rotationally symmetrical internal cross-section of this product inlet 102 initially narrows conically to a cross-sectional constriction 121 and then makes even faster cross-sectional widening 122 so that the free inner cross section at the end of the product inlet 102 at the beginning, the entrance opening 124 , corresponds.

Between the cross-sectional widening 122 and the end of the product intake 102 There is a section with a constant free internal cross section, which is about 20 - 30% of the length of the product inlet 102 is, and also in the subsequent cavitation cone 103 into something else can continue.

To the product infeed 102 is the so-called Cavitationskonus 103 flanged, and the gap in between is over a germ seal 120 sealed, as is the case between all components of the Cavitatorrohres 100 the case is.

Also the cavitation cone 103 is a substantially straight piece of pipe, but here, too, the free inner central passage from the beginning of the Cavitationskonus 103 over about 80% of its length a cone-shaped taper to a cross-sectional constriction 121 ' , and in this axial narrowing section are also located in the central free interior 101 the obstacle bodies 108a -e of the obstacle tree109.

Then the interior completes 101 of the cavitation cone 103 a much faster cross-sectional expansion 122 ' so that at the end of the cavitation cone 103 the free passage is only slightly smaller than at the beginning of the cavitation cone 103 ,

The first two obstacle bodies are 108a , b preferably in the axial direction 10 not just one, but two tear-off edges arranged one behind the other 123 between which there is a circumferential, concave from the cross section arcuate groove, so that the demolition edges 123 When viewed in cross-section, each form an acute angle.

The other obstacle bodies 108c - 8e are as radially outwardly projecting discs with different radius on the axial rod 107 formed so that between the individual demolition edges 123 the single obstacle body 108a - 8e opposite the conically narrowing inner wall of the cavitation cone 103 an annular gap 118 with a gap width 11 . 11 ' remains.

In this case, the obstacle bodies 108a - 108e each axially fixed on the axial rod 107 attached and can only be used together in the longitudinal direction 10 by means of the axial rod 107 to be moved.

In flow direction 10 is to the cavitation cone 103 the discharge chamber 105 Flanged in the axial direction 10 also from the axial rod 107 is interspersed, but from the mixture in the radial direction through the radially attached outlet port as an exit port 119 deducted and carried away.

That in the axial direction 10 rear end of the discharge chamber 105 is closed to the product flowing through it. There is the Axialdurchführung 104 in the form of a likewise straight pipe section with only one flange for flanging on the discharge chamber 105 arranged, which has a free diameter corresponding to the thickness of the axial rod 107 having, but axially movable, through the cylindrical passage 114 the axial feedthrough 104 through and out of the rear end is led out.

To seal this implementation 114 is this inner circumference of the Axialdurchführung 104 axially spaced over each ring seal, in this case at the rear end of an O-ring seal and at the front, the discharge chamber 105 facing side, a lip seal 116 , sealed.

In order to avoid the accumulation of germs, etc. in the space between and in the area of the seals or to be able to kill and then eliminate them, is in the axial distance therebetween in the inner circumference of the implementation 114 an annulus 127 in the form of an annular recess in the bushing 114 formed in the from the outside of the Axialdurchführung 104 supplied cleaning lines 117a, b distributed over the circumference open, via which a cleaning agent, such as steam, continuously or at certain intervals for cleaning purposes can be supplied.

Behind the execution 114 expands the interior of the Axialdurchführung 104 cone-shaped and in this is a clamping cone 125 used, the axially opposite the Axialdurchführung 104 can be biased by screwing. As the clamping cone 125 also an axial passage opening corresponding to the thickness of the axial rod 107 has, thereby the set axial position of the axial rod 107 by jamming the clamping cone 125 between axial rod 107 and the Axialdurchführung10 4 are fixed.

The 2a, b continue to show that all internal corners 113a - c in the interior 101 of the Cavitatorrohres 100 are formed strongly rounded to avoid there the formation of calming zones of the fluid to be passed and thus the deposition and nucleation by longer-term fate of fluid in these inner corners. For the same reason are the transitions 112 between the individual obstacle bodies and the axial rod 107 also strongly rounded.

In order to avoid deposits in pores of welds, at least in the individual sections produced for the Cavitator, ie product inlet 102 , Cavitation cone 103 and axial feedthrough 104 the corresponding flanges 102 . b . 103a . b . 104a , not welded to the pipe sections, but integrally formed with these.

The discharge chamber 105 is, however, usually a purchased part, since it is a simple T-piece of a pipe connection. Although these T-pieces produced in mass production are usually produced by welding the flanges to the pipe sections, the pore-free aftertreatment of welds is possible with such a large-scale production, so that non-porous welded T-pieces are commercially available. Otherwise, this element would have to be made from scratch.

3 also shows the branch at the point 3a in an enlarged view:

There it can be seen that this is not a simple T-piece in the pipeline. Rather, at this point is the return line 3 upright arranged with flow direction to the return point 3b pointing upwards and with the discharge line 9 ' pointing down.

In this return line 3 runs the discharge line 9 free from with a pipe end 9a , which with the free end within the return line 3 is directed upward and runs coaxially in the interior, wherein the return line 3 at this point has a significantly larger diameter than the pipe end 9a ,

If namely in the in the discharge line 9 incoming mixture gas bubbles should be included, they would be primarily from the pipe end 9a due to gravity rising up in the return line 3 , and not in the discharge line 9 ' , ie to the output of the mixer, get.

4 shows in an enlarged axial section the mouth piece 23 out 1 at the mixing point 5 :

It can be seen that in the flow direction 10 the substantially rotationally symmetrical mouthpiece 23 has a constriction of the cross section with subsequent expansion, and the supply of carbon dioxide via the feed line 17 is carried out by means of a bore opening radially in this interior, which is arranged slightly upstream of the narrowest point of the constriction.

This ensures that when rinsing the mouthpiece 23 no uncleaned area remains on the back of the constriction.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Cavitator route

1a, b

Cavitator

2

main power

2a

partial flow

3

Return line

3a, b

Point

4

pump

5

mixing point

6

control

7

metering valve

8,8 '

supply line

9.9 '

discharge

10

Flow direction, axial direction

11, 11 '

gap width

12a-d

check valve

13a, b

Air Cylinder

14a-d

pressure gauge

15

Differential pressure measuring device

16a d

measuring points

17

feeder

18a-d

check valves

19

connecting line

20

metering valve

21a, b

Flowmeter

22

pump

23

mouthpiece

100

Cavitatorrohr

101

inner space

102, 102 '

product inlet

102a, b

mounting flange

103a, b

mounting flange

103

Cavitationskonus

104a, b

mounting flange

104

axial passage

105a, b

mounting flange

105

relief chamber

106a, b, c

Weld

107

Axial rod

108a, b, c

obstacle body

109

obstacle trees

110

flow direction

111

transversely

112

crossing

113a, b, c

inside corner

114

execution

115

O-ring

116

lip seal

117a, b

cleaning line

118

annular gap

119

output port

120

Sterile seal

121, 121 '

Cross-sectional narrowing

122

Sectional widening

123

tear-off edge

124

entrance opening

125

clamping cone

126

support flange

127

annulus

Claims (25)

Method for adjusting the flow of a Cavitations-mixer for a hygienically produced fluid mixture with a Cavitator distance (1) having a Cavitator (1a) or more parallel Cavitatoren (1a, b), with their gap width (11) individually controllable are, wherein - a minimum pressure drop across the Cavitator path (1) is determined taking into account the properties, in particular the temperature of the fluid to be processed, - a part of the fluid mixture from the discharge line (9) via a return line (3 ) from a point (3a) behind the cavitator path (1) to a point (3b) in front of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure for the cavitator path (1) and before the mixing point (5) of the two components of the fluid Mixture is recirculated, - the pump (4) is chosen to be larger in terms of its capacity than the maximum removal of fluid mixture from the Cavitations-mixer, so that at the end of the Cavitator distance (1) there is always an overpressure, - the return line (3) is permanently open, and - falls below the minimum pressure drop - the partial flow (2a) returned via the return line (3) is increased and / or - in the presence of several cavitators (1a, b ) at least one of the cavitators (1a, b) is closed and / or - the gap width (11) of the cavitators or (1a) is reduced, in particular by axial displacement of the obstacle tree (109), characterized in that - the removal of the gaseous component containing fluid mixture in the region of the point (3a) at the lower end of a pipe section (22 ') takes place, the extending direction has a vertical component and the upper end with a point (3b) before the working pressure for the Cavitator- (1) supplying pump (4) is in communication and - the discharge line (9) with an upwardly open end (9a) in the pipe section (22 ') above the sampling point it (3a) ends for the fluid mixture. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the falling below the minimum pressure drop partial flow (2a) by increasing the flow rate per unit time of the pump (4) is increased. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the fluid mixture is directed out radially from the cavitation tube (100) of the at least one cavitator (1a) directed in the main flow direction (10), - the axial bar (107) carrying the obstacle tree (109) ) is supported both in front of and behind the obstacle trees (109) in the transverse direction (111) in the housing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the presence of only a single Cavitators (1a) with decreasing pressure drop below the minimum pressure drop - first the Cavitator (1a) of large gap width (11 ') is reduced to small gap width (11), and - with further falls below the minimum pressure drop, the flow rate per unit time of the pump (4) is increased until the minimum pressure drop is reached. Method according to Claim 4 , characterized in that when operating the single Cavitators (1a) with a small gap width (11) to large gap width (11 ') is switched back when the minimum pressure drop is exceeded by at least 30%, better at least 50%. Method according to Claim 3 , characterized in that in the presence of several cavitators (1a, b) - first one or more successively several cavitators (1a, b ..) are closed, - thereafter with several still in operation cavitators at least one of the cavities in operation, the gap width is adjusted from large (11 ') to small (11), and - last with only one in-service Cavitator (1b) with a small gap width (11) the flow rate per unit time of the pump (4) is increased until the minimum pressure drop is reached. Method according to Claim 3 or Claim 6 Characterized in that in the presence of two equally large Cavitatoren (1a, b) - when falling of the delivered product amount per unit time is less than 75% of the maximum throughput of the system one of the Cavitatoren (1a) of large (11 ') to small gap width (11) is adjusted, the other is still on a large gap width (11 ') is left, - When the delivery quantity to half of the maximum flow rate of Cavitator, which was adjusted to small gap width is completely closed, - If the delivery quantity drops to or below 25 % of the maximum flow rate of the in-service cavitator is adjusted to small gap width (11) and - if in this state the required minimum pressure drop across the Cavitator distance (1) is still not achieved, the flow rate per unit time of the pump (4) increases until the minimum pressure drop is reached. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the recirculated partial stream (2a) is a fixed proportion, in particular 50%, of the main stream (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the recirculated partial flow (2a) can be increased stepwise, in particular by opening of check valves in a plurality of parallel arms of the return (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the proportion of the recirculated partial flow (2a) is changed continuously, so that the minimum pressure drop is just reached, and / or - the pressure drop is continuously measured and a controller (6) is supplied which regulates the flow through the return path (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the minimum pressure drop influencing properties of the product, in particular delivery pressure or temperature or viscosity of the product or at least its main component measured continuously or at intervals and the minimum pressure drop depending on the control (6) is changed, and / or - if the minimum pressure drop is exceeded by 20%, the flow rate increase measure last performed is reversed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - in operation of only a part of the existing cavitators (1a, b ...), the one or more operating cavitator (1a) is changed after a specified period in rotation, and / or - when only a part of the cavitators of the cavitator section (1) is operated, the stopped cavitators (a, b) are switched on one after the other or all together when the pressure drop across the only partially operated cavity section (1) is 30%, in particular better is 50% above the minimum pressure drop or has reached 5500 hPa, better 6000 hPa. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that cavitators (1a, b) of different sizes are used in the cavitator section (1) and, if the minimum pressure drop is not reached, the smallest cavitator is first shut down, if this is not sufficient instead of smallest of the next larger, etc., until the decommissioning of only one Cavitators is no longer sufficient and continues analogously with the decommissioning of a second Cavitators, again starting with the smallest Cavitator. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - with continuous adjustment of the gap width (11) in direct dependence on the pressure drop this is performed so that the required minimum pressure drop is just reached, and / or - the minimum pressure drop is set so that at water as the product to be processed or main component of the product to be processed at a temperature of 20 ° C +/- 2 ° (14a , b ..) reaches or exceeds a flow velocity of at least 15 m / s at the individual obstacle bodies, in particular at all obstacle bodies is reached or exceeded. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the minimum pressure drop across the Cavitator distance (1) in the treatment of water or of products with water as the main component, in particular at a processing temperature of 20 ° C +/- 2 ° C 4000 hPa is. Cavitation mixer, having - a Cavitator-section (1) with a plurality of parallel connected cavitators (1a, b), wherein the gap width (11) in the cavitators (1a, b) is adjustable, in particular between a large (11 ') and a small (11) gap width, in particular by means of compressed air cylinder (113), - at least one pump (4) in the supply line (8) to the Cavitator distance (1), - a differential pressure measuring device (15) between points (3a, b ) after and before the cavitator line (1), - a feed line (17) for a second component, which opens in the feed line (8) in front of the pump (4), - a return line (3) from a point (3a) behind the cavitator path (1) to a point (3b) in front of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure for the cavitator path (1) and before the mixing point (5) of the two components of the fluid mixture, - the cavitators ( 1a, b ...), which - are tubular with a Cavitatorrohr (100), - individually and independently v on each other both by blocking the supply or discharge line (8, 9) to the individual cavitators (1a, b ...) are as well - are adjustable in terms of their gap width (11), wherein - a controller (6) is present the individual cavitators (1a, b ..) are actuated as a function of the pressure drop across the cavitator path (1) measured by the differential pressure measuring device (15) with respect to both opening and closing and in the open state adjusting large (11 ') to small (11) gap width and vice versa, characterized in that - the Cavitatorrohr (100) of individual pipe sections (102,103,104) is flanged together and at least the pipe sections product inlet (102), Cavitationskonus (103) and Axialdurchführung (104) are individual parts, - Control (6) is further adapted to control the mass flow rate per unit time of the pump (4) in dependence on the measured pressure drop, - a pipe section (22 ') whose course direction has a vertical component and the upper end of which is in communication with a point (3b) upstream of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure for the Cavitator section (1) is adapted to cause the gaseous component containing fluid mixture in the Portion of the point (3a) at the lower end of the pipe section (22 ') is removable, and - the discharge line (9) with an upwardly open end (9a) in the pipe section (22') above the removal point (3a) the fluid mixture ends. Cavitation mixer after Claim 16 , characterized in that - the obstacle bodies (108a, ...) are axially adjustable, in particular by means of axial displacement of the axial bar (107) connected to the obstacle bodies (108a, b), and / or - a further pump (22) in the Supply for the main component of the mixture before the feed point (3b) of the return (3) is arranged. Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that between the feed line (17) for the second component and the return line (3) a connecting line (19), in particular in the feed line (17) between the metering valve ( 20) and the mixing point (5) of the feed line (17) attaches to the main strand. Cavitations-mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - the mounting flanges (102a, b, 103a, b, 104a) at the pipe sections product inlet (102), cavitation cone (103), axial feedthrough (104) without weld from the Full mitgefertigt, in particular rotated, and / or - the discharge chamber (105) a T-tube piece with welded flanges (105a, b, c) and reworked welds (106a, b, c) for closing pores in the weld (106a , b, c). Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - Transitions (112) between the obstacle bodies (108a, b) and a supporting axial rod (107) are rounded, in particular with a radius of curvature of at least 1 mm, better at least 10 mm, and / or - all inside corners (113a, b) of the interior (100a, b) of the cavity (1) are rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm are executed. Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - between the axially against each other screwed portions of the Cavitatorrohrs (100) gap-free seals, in particular germ-free seals (120) are arranged, and / or - the implementation (114) the axial rod (107) with respect to the interior (100a) of the Cavitators (1) optionally by means of an O-ring seal (115) or a gap-free, in particular germ-free, lip seal (116) is sealed. Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - an annular gap between passage (114) and guided therein axial rod (107) in the axial direction on both sides via a seal (115a, b) is sealed and axially therebetween, better two, opposite each other, cleaning lines (117a, b) open, and in particular - the cleaning lines (117a, b) in an annular space (127) open. Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - a cross-sectional constriction (121) after the inlet opening (124) is so strong that the flow rate by a factor of 9 to 13, in particular by a factor of 10 to 12, in particular by a factor of 10.5 to 11.5, and / or - the obstacle bodies (108a, ...) are positioned and dimensioned relative to each other and / or to the surrounding cavitation tube (100) such that the flow velocity in the flow gap of the last obstacle body (108e) in the flow direction (10) is increased by a factor of 1.8 to 2.5, in particular 2.0-2.3, compared to that in the passage gap of the first obstacle body, and / or - the disks relative to one another and to the surrounding Cavitationsrohr (100) are positioned and dimensioned so that the flow velocity in the respective passage gap of the one obstacle body (108 a, ...) to the next in the flow direction in each case increases by a factor of 1.1 to 1.4. Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - the number of obstacle bodies (108a, ...) is between 3 and 10, in particular between 5 and 7, and / or in particular - the axial thickness of the disc-shaped Obstacle body (108a, ...) between 1 and 4 mm, in particular between 2 and 3 mm, and / or - the axial distance from center to center of two adjacent obstacle body (108a, ...) twice to seven times, in particular which is three to five times its thickness in the axial direction, and / or in particular - the radial width of the annular gap between the plate-shaped obstacle bodies (108a, b, ...) and their Cavitatorrohr (100) 1 to 5 mm, in particular 1.5 - 3.8 mm, and / or the axial length of the constant-section track between the cross-sectional widening (122) and the first obstruction body (108a) is 0.7 to 1.4 times the diameter after the cross-sectional widening g (122), and / or - the inner free diameter after the cross-sectional widening (122) and before the first obstacle body (108a) is 0.9 to 1.1 times the free cross-section of the incoming and / or outgoing pipeline equivalent. Cavitation mixer according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the cavitator is designed so that during operation of the Cavitators a pressure drop of 2.5 - 6 bar, better 5 - 6 bar adjusts.

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