JP5669888B2 - Method for adapting the flow rate of cavitation mixers for fluid mixtures to be produced hygienically - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a flow rate adaptation method for a cavitation generator plant or a cavitation mixer, and a cavitation generator plant or a cavitation mixer.

  As is known, suspensions or emulsions or gas / liquid mixtures, such as carbonated beverages, were first filled with steam using a fluid dynamic cavitation mixer into the liquid flowing towards the cavitation mixer. By generating bubbles and then these bubbles collapse again implosively, they are manufactured with little effort without mechanically driven components.

  If the collapse of a large number of bubbles in a so-called “cavitation bubble” occurs between two phase regions, for example near the boundary of a large bubble in water, this causes the second component, in this case the bubble, to become smaller units. Splitting produces a very fine mixture of the two components, and thus a very stable gas / water mixture.

  The generation of cavitation bubbles occurs in the flowing liquid by reducing the static pressure below the vapor pressure of the liquid, so that, for example, by narrowing the flow, bubbles filled with vapor are formed.

  The bubble then collapses when the static pressure increases again based on the expansion of the flow cross section and the static pressure again exceeds the vapor pressure.

  The narrowing of the flow cross section and the subsequent expansion is achieved by placing an obstacle in the flow chamber, in which case, for example, a gap remaining between the obstacle and the enclosure housing of the flow chamber A narrow portion is formed.

  For reasons of space, the obstruction having the shape of a disk located preferably in a direction transverse to the flow direction is arranged in succession, so that an annular gap area, especially when viewed in the flow direction, is provided. Is reduced each time from one disc to the next, thereby increasing the cavitation effect several times.

  In this case, in addition to the first cavitation field formed in the annular gap area, in addition to the first cavitation field, a plurality of supplementary cavitation fields are created in the hollow chambers through which the obstacles can flow. Based on the spatial overlap of the fields, a so-called “super cavitation field” is produced, which causes the cavitation action of each individual cavitation field to be several times.

  If the flow rate exceeds a certain value related to ambient conditions, for example about 14 m / s, at the separation edge of the obstacle, the static pressure is zero or negative in the case of water, and this reduction in static pressure causes cavitation. Close.

Such cavitation generators are used, for example, in mineral water filling plants or lemonade manufacturing plants, thereby associating contaminated CO ₂ and / or lemonade raw material (syrup) as completely as possible in water.

In this case, a plurality of problems occur in practice. That is:
On the one hand, the amount of product to be supplied and processed per unit time, in particular the liquid main component of the beverage, also depends on the operating conditions of the upstream plant part or on the supply capacity and thus on the pressure drop that occurs across the cavitation generator. Relatedly, it can fluctuate violently.

  Furthermore, changing the product, for example, can change the properties of the product, such as temperature, viscosity, supply pressure, and the like.

  In order to ensure that cavitation occurs in the cavitation generator in spite of such a change of condition, a predetermined minimum flow velocity and / or a minimum pressure drop is obtained or exceeded, especially in the obstacle clearance. Although necessary, these minimum flow rates and / or minimum pressure drops are dependent on the ambient conditions.

  Already from Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, a part of the product flow is branched on the downstream side of the cavitation generator, and a part is returned to the upstream side of the start end of the cavitation generator section. It is known that the part is returned to the cavitation section.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a method of returning to a first cavitation generator of two cavitation generators connected in succession, that is, returning to a suction connection portion disposed on the side of the first cavitation generator. Only the practical means are described. The suction connection is provided with a negative pressure based on the nozzle action in the first cavitation generator, so that the material flow present at a low pressure level downstream of the cavitation generator is located further upstream. , Can be fed to points with higher pressure levels.

  However, in the aforementioned Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3, the improvement of the influence of cavitation exerted on the product is only mentioned as the purpose of returning the material flow. Controlling the minimum pressure drop across the cavitation generator section by the amount of return flow has not been proposed or easily conceived. No specific order or combination of the various means which should guarantee a minimum pressure drop as a whole is described.

Additional problems arise if the mixture to be manufactured is a food product or if hygiene must be maintained for other reasons. That is:
When the cavitation generator tube is composed of a plurality of individual members, in particular, individual members that are in contact with each other in the axial direction, or two half shells that are divided in the longitudinal direction, a seal is disposed between these individual members. There is a need for this, and very small cavities remain between these seals and the surrounding material, and pathogens can collect and grow in these cavities. In order to reduce the possibility of bacterial contamination as much as possible, the individual parts, which are to be joined together, usually screwed together, must be adapted to one another in order to be additionally dense and to eliminate as much hollow space as possible.

  On the other hand, if the cavitation generator tube is as few as possible, especially if it is manufactured from a single member, the manufacturing cost is very high, or the installation of a tree-like obstacle member to be placed in the cavitation generator tube It becomes impossible or takes a lot of time to install.

  If individual parts of the cavitation generator pipe are later welded to the flange members and the individual parts of the cavitation generator pipe can then be screwed together via these flange members, the cavitation generator pipe Depending on the division, it is difficult to access in the welded state, so the weld seam between the flange member and the original pipe part cannot be post-treated, especially polished or otherwise smoothed. I can't do it. This creates a risk of air bubbles that are still in the weld seam and open to the inner chamber of the cavitation generator tube, and these air bubbles may also be used for the location of the pathogen and the growth location. is there.

  In addition, the welding of the flange also extends the overall length of the cavitation generator tube and hence the length of the tree-like obstruction. However, in any case, the tree-like obstruction member is already always at the limit of stability because of the large force generated during operation.

  If the weld seam is located in areas where only laminar flow dominates during operation of the cavitation generator, these areas are not optimally automatically cleaned by media flow.

DE4433744 A1 WO2006 / 027002 A1 DE69816077 T2

  The object of the present invention is therefore to be able to adapt a cavitation generator plant which may have a plurality of cavitation generators, in particular automatically, to changes in operating conditions, in particular to changing flow rates and product parameters. And it is providing the method and apparatus which satisfy | fills the request | requirement imposed on hygiene.

In order to solve this problem, according to the method of the present invention,
Flow rate of a cavitation mixer for a fluid mixture to be produced hygienically with a cavitation generator section having one cavitation generator or a plurality of cavitation generators connected in parallel, the gap width of which can be individually controlled An adaptation method,
-Determining the minimum pressure drop across the cavitation generator section, taking into account the properties of the fluid to be treated, in particular the temperature,
A part of the fluid mixture from the outlet conduit through the return conduit, from a point downstream of the cavitation generator section, upstream of the pump supplying the working pressure for the cavitation generator section and the fluid mixture In a method for adapting the flow rate of a cavitation mixer for a fluid mixture to be produced hygienically, returning to a point upstream of the mixing point of the two components
The pumping output of the pump is selected to be greater than the maximum amount of fluid mixture removed from the cavitation mixer, so that excessive pressure always occurs at the end of the cavitation generator section;
-Always open the return conduit;
-If the minimum pressure drop is not met,
-Increase the partial flow returned through the return conduit, in particular by increasing the pumping rate per unit time of the pump; and / or-if there are several cavitation generators, these cavitations At least one of the generators is closed and / or the gap width of one or more cavitation generators is reduced, in particular by axial movement of the tree-like obstruction.

Furthermore, in order to solve the above problems, the apparatus according to the present invention provides:
A cavitation mixer,
A cavitation generator section having a plurality of cavitation generators connected in parallel to each other, the gap width in the cavitation generator being adjusted between a particularly large gap width and a small gap width, in particular by a compressed air cylinder; Is possible,
-At least one pump is provided in the inflow conduit leading to the cavitation generator section;
-A differential pressure measuring device is provided between the downstream point of the cavitation generator section and the upstream point;
-A supply conduit for a second component opening upstream of the pump into the inflow conduit is provided;
A return from a point downstream of the cavitation generator section to a point upstream of the pump supplying working pressure for the cavitation generator section and upstream of the mixing point of the two components of the fluid mixture A conduit is provided,
The cavitation generator is a cavitation mixer formed in a tubular shape by a cavitation generator tube;
The cavitation generators can also be interrupted individually and independently of each other by blocking the inflow or outflow conduits leading to the individual cavitation generators;
-The gap width can be adjusted,
-Controlling the discharge per unit time of the pump in relation to the pressure drop across the cavitation generator section measured by the differential pressure measuring device, and in the open / closed and open states of the individual cavitation generators A control device is provided to control the adjustment from a large gap width to a small gap width and vice versa.
The cavitation generator tube comprises a plurality of flanged individual tube parts, which are at least individual members of the product inlet, the cavitation cone and the axial penetration.

  Advantageous configurations are set forth in the dependent claims.

  The pressure drop that can be detected between the inlet and outlet of the cavitation generator is correlated with the flow velocity in the cavitation generator, especially the flow velocity at the obstacle, that is, the flow velocity in the narrow part of the cavitation generator. Can be controlled based on the pressure drop measured across the cavitation generator section. The cavitation generator section may consist of one cavitation generator or, in this embodiment, a plurality of generally connected cavitation generators.

  In order to actually achieve cavitation and the desired mixing effect within the cavitation generator, it is first necessary to determine the minimum pressure drop that must occur in the cavitation generator section.

  The extent to which this minimum pressure drop must be related to a number of ambient conditions and to the structure type and size of the cavitation generator, while being processed by the cavitation generator. It is also related to the physical properties of the fluid to be processed, for example ambient conditions such as the temperature, viscosity and pressure at which the fluid to be processed is supplied.

  In order to ensure that the pressure drop does not decrease during operation below the predetermined minimum pressure drop, at the outlet of the cavitation generator section, a partial flow from the main flow is always branched via an open return conduit. The cavitation generator section is circulated back to the main section upstream of the beginning of the cavitation generator section and supplied again to the cavitation generator section, so that the amount supplied to the cavitation generator section per unit time is artificially increased. Increased to ensure the occurrence of cavitation. This is mainly done by increasing the discharge per unit time of the pump supplying the working pressure for the cavitation generator section.

  In detail, the control methods necessary for this can be implemented in a wide variety.

  That is, for example, a certain amount of mainstream, which is always defined, may be returned to the circuit, for example 50% mainstream.

  However, it is better that the amount of partial flow returned can be varied stepwise or continuously, for example, which can easily be realized by the means described above. Thereby, it can be achieved that the resulting pressure drop is always barely above the determined minimum pressure drop and thus cavitation occurs.

If the pressure drop increases significantly beyond a minimum value, it does not provide any useful benefit. This is because the cavitation that occurs in this case does not increase in quantity, that is, the mixing is hardly improved. On the contrary, another problem arises by returning a significant part or most of the mainstream. That is:
The repeated processing in the cavitation generator raises the temperature of the medium to be processed, which is a drawback for many applications. As a result, the fluid to be processed is also subjected to a load generated in the cavitation generator, for example a high shear force, not only once but also several times, which can be a drawback depending on the fluid to be processed.

  Since the partial flow return guide is performed at a predetermined point upstream of the pump that supplies the working pressure to the cavitation generator and upstream of the mixing point of the components supplied to the main component, Is again brought to the desired working pressure by the pump.

  In general, the pressure drop is measured continuously, and the result of the pressure measurement is sent to a control device that controls the flow rate in the return section. A particularly simple control device that provides flow control in the return section is a simple differential pressure control device. In general, however, more complex control devices are used which can additionally take on other control functions together.

  This means that, for example, in addition to the pressure drop that occurs, the notable physical properties of the product, such as temperature, viscosity, etc., are directly measured, as well as the pressure, preferably the pressure downstream of the pump, i.e. to the cavitation generator. The working pressure at the inlet can also be measured. The pressure drop is detected anyway by measuring the pressure upstream and downstream of the cavitation generator, so one of these individual pressures is already the pressure at the inlet to the cavitation generator. It is.

  If the cavitation generator section has not only one cavitation generator but also a plurality of cavitation generators connected in parallel, the adaptation to extremely low flow rates is in addition additionally, also predetermined cavitation If the minimum pressure drop across the generator section is determined and falls below this, the minimum pressure over the cavitation generator section by the remaining active cavitation generator, ie, at least one active cavitation generator. This can be done by stopping, i.e. closing, at least one cavitation generator or several cavitations in sequence until a descent is achieved.

  If the cavitation generator section has two or more identically sized cavitation generators, only one cavitation generator can be operated unless the minimum pressure drop is reached. The generators are stopped one after the other.

  On the other hand, there is a separate procedure when the cavitation generators in the cavitation generator section are dimensioned to different sizes.

  If all the cavitation generators in the section are activated and the pressure drop is reduced to a level below the minimum pressure drop, the smallest cavitation generator is first stopped.

  If this is not sufficient, the smallest cavitation generator is activated and instead the next largest cavitation generator is turned off in turn until a minimum pressure drop is achieved.

  If a minimum pressure drop is not achievable by stopping only one cavitation generator, leave only one maximum cavitation generator stopped and eventually two or more cavitation generators The same flow rate is continued by the remaining operating cavitation generators until is stopped. In this way, the minimum pressure drop is barely exceeded and does not increase significantly. An extreme increase in the minimum pressure drop simply means a large energy loss.

  In this way, very good control of the cavitation generator plant can already be carried out, for example by means of three cavitation generators of different sizes.

  Preferably, the size ratio between the individual cavitation generators and the next largest cavitation generator is always the same, for example 1: 2 or 1: 4.

  If operation is performed with one or more cavitation generators stopped, the cavitation generators to be stopped may be switched off as much as possible based on the same dimensional settings of the cavitation generators after a predetermined time. In turn, the medium to be processed is prevented from staying extremely long in the stopped cavitation generator. Long-term residence of the media in the cavitation generator can increase the likelihood of forming unwanted pathogens.

  On the other hand, if the current pressure drop is 30% or more, especially 50% or more, exceeding the specified minimum pressure drop in the cavitation generator section where all cavitation generators are not currently operating, additional cavitation The generator is activated. This avoids extremely large energy losses and extremely high shear loads on the medium.

  In order to stop the cavitation generator, both the supply conduit and in particular the outflow conduit, ie the upstream side and the downstream side of the cavitation generator, are interrupted separately.

  This prevents the movement of bacterial contamination into and out of the cavitation generator, and the water hammer into the stopped cavitation generator from the operating range of the cavitation generator section. Also prevent.

  One or more cavitation generators in the cavitation generator section are variable with respect to the size of the gap, i.e. the size of the effective gap between the cavitation generator obstacle and the outer housing that causes cavitation. The adaptation to varying flow rates can also be made especially by changing the size of the gap.

  In general, the obstacle is, for example, a disc body arranged at intervals in the axial direction, and these disc bodies are arranged on a rod extending in the axial direction. In order to adjust the size of the gap, it is generally the case that the axial rods are not displaced in their axial position within the outer housing, which usually extends in a conical taper. All the obstacles, i.e. the whole tree-like obstacle member, are displaced with this axial rod.

  A particularly simple control is possible by the fact that the tree-like obstruction can only be reciprocated between two end positions, which can be easily done by means of a compressed air cylinder.

  If the axial movement is performed in a plurality of steps or in a stepless manner, finer control becomes possible. For this purpose, the tree-like obstacle member needs to be moved by, for example, a servo motor.

  In particular, the continuous adjustment of the gap size is performed directly in relation to the pressure drop currently measured over the cavitation generator section, so that the required minimum pressure drop is just obtained.

  In the case of a cavitation generator in which the gap width is changed only between two positions, as soon as it falls below the minimum pressure drop, it is switched from a state adjusted to a larger gap width to a smaller gap width. Conversely, when the minimum pressure drop is exceeded by 20% or more, the small gap width is immediately switched to the large gap width.

  In this case, the minimum pressure drop is at least at a treatment temperature of 20 ° C. with an error of +/− 2 ° C., for example when the product to be treated is water or the main component is a water product. A flow rate of 15 m / sec is defined to be achieved or exceeded in the cavitation generator, in particular in all the narrows in the cavitation generator. This corresponds, for example, to a minimum pressure drop over the cavitation generator section of 4000 hPa.

  At the same time, the cavitation generator plant may have other means of influence.

  The plant has multiple cavitation generators that are variable with respect to the gap width, so if the pressure drop is reduced below the minimum pressure drop, if only two gap gap widths are possible, first of all In addition, a plurality of cavitation generators in the cavitation generator section are sequentially reduced from a large gap to a small gap until reaching all the cavitation generators.

  If the gap width can be changed many times in steps, the gap width is preferably gradually reduced in parallel in all cavitation generators in the section until a minimum pressure drop is achieved.

  The provided cavitation generator plant has a cavitation generator section having a plurality of cavitation generators configured in parallel in addition to the adjustment of the gap width, and the cavitation generator operates individually and If it is possible to shut it down, shutting off one cavitation generator or several cavitation generators in sequence is the first choice to influence the pressure drop, and it is only added if this is not sufficient In addition, a decrease in the gap width and an increase in the return amount are additionally used in this order.

  In this alternative priority to the control priority, as a first measure, the gap width is reduced consistently in all the cavitation generators in the cavitation generator section, and only when this is not sufficient, Stop multiple cavitation generators.

  In order to avoid sediment and bacterial contamination in the conduit, the return flow through the conduit is never interrupted in field operation. For this purpose, a return guide amount of at least 2%, preferably 5% of the mainstream is sufficient.

That is, the cavitation generator plant that realizes the above-described influencing means has the following elements. That is:
A cavitation generator section comprising a plurality of cavitation generators connected in parallel to each other, said cavitation generators being individually and independently controllable. In this case, these cavitation generators may be completely shut off, or in the open state, the gap width may be adjusted preferably at least between a large gap width and a small gap width. .
At least one controllable pump provided in the inflow conduit leading to the cavitation generator section to provide the pressure required for the cavitation generator to function.
A measuring device for measuring the differential pressure between two measurement points upstream and downstream of the cavitation generator section and thus the pressure drop across the cavitation generator section.
A supply conduit for the second component of the mixture to be supplied, this supply conduit being open upstream of the pump, in particular in the main section of the cavitation generator plant.
A control device that uses, in particular, the signal of the differential pressure measuring device as an input and controls at least the individual cavitation generators in this connection, i.e. opens and closes and changes the gap width of the individual cavitation generators in the open state.

  In this case, the widths of the gaps in the cavitation generator are generally only adjusted together at the individual obstacles, e.g. the entire conical tree-like obstruction member, as viewed from the outer circumference, is still the cavitation generator. It is usually adjusted by moving axially in a conical housing.

  The throughput through the return conduit can also be controlled in relation to the pressure drop across the cavitation generator section by a control device, such as a controllable pump.

  For shutting down, ie stopping, individual cavitation generators within the cavitation generator section, each cavitation generator preferably has shutoff valves upstream and downstream of the cavitation generator, thereby stopping Backflow and impurities into the cavitation generator being turned on or from the cavitation generator being stopped are prevented.

  The measuring points for the measuring device that measures the differential pressure over the cavitation generator section are on the one hand the end of the cavitation generator section and the return guide branch at the latest, i.e. in the main section that has not yet been branched. Between the pump and the inlet of the cavitation generator section, so that the entire initial working pressure for the cavitation generator section is detected. It has become.

  The supply conduit for the second component, with respect to its opening, is located between the opening of the return conduit in the main system and the pump, and preferably has a lateral connection leading to the return conduit. .

At least one cavitation generator used in this cavitation generator plant, particularly the cavitation generator pipe of the cavitation generator, is configured as follows. That is:
The cavitation generator tube consists of a plurality of individual parts, in particular the product inflow part, the cavitation cone, the pressure relief chamber and the axial rod penetration part, which are continuously divided in the flow direction. This makes it possible to obtain well welded seams arranged in these individual pipe parts before the flange is fastened, the welded seams can be post-processed, in particular polished, or otherwise cavitation generators The surface of the weld seam can be removed from the inner chamber.

  Preferably, the fixing flange is not welded to the individual pipe parts, but the fixing flanges are manufactured from the solid body in one piece with the individual pipe parts, in particular by turning from the solid body. There is no weld seam that can be induced.

  In this case, the pressure release chamber having the outflow portion of the product flowing out in the radial direction is a T-shaped member procured as a purchased part, and this T-shaped member generally has a pipe piece extending in the radial direction and a longitudinally extending piece. Although there may be a welded seam between the extended pipe pieces, this welded seam has been post-treated by the manufacturer to eliminate voids, which is the case in mass production and specialized equipment. Is possible. Necessary flanges are welded to the axial ends of the T-shaped tube pieces, respectively, and the weld seam is subjected to post-processing to close the bubbles.

  An additional support flange is provided on the side facing the cavitation cone, and this support flange has at least two radially inward supports on opposite sides as viewed from the outer tube wall. These struts support the axial rod in the radial direction, but the axial media flow which is impeded by this is minimal. The support flange may be a component that is integral with the welded flange of the pressure relief chamber or may be a separate flange that is screwed between the pressure relief chamber and the cavitation cone.

  Between the individual tube parts, which are preferably positioned axially relative to one another by screw fastening of the flanges, gap-free seals, in particular so-called “sterile seals”, are inserted, these sterile seals being connected with the seal and the surrounding material. The absence of residual space during and in the seal prevents pathogen accumulation.

  In this case, it is better to arrange the seal so that the main flow direction does not coincide with the seal direction. That is, the seals are preferably arranged in the circumferential direction or in a radial direction transverse to the mainstream direction, so that the individual parts forming the cavitation generator tube are in axial contact. Will be connected.

  Similarly, to avoid deposits and improve self-cleaning during operation of the cavitation generator, the transition between the obstacles and the axial rods supporting these obstacles in the tree-like obstacle member Are rounded, in particular configured with a radius of curvature of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, and all the inner edges, in particular the annular inner edge, in particular the cylindrical part of the cavitation generator, on the inner surface of the cavitation generator The inner edge between the and the conical part is also configured to be rounded.

  Furthermore, a very important range from a hygienic point of view is the axial rod penetration guide, which passes through the end of the cavitation generator tube which is closed, ie the axial rod penetration.

  In this case, the annular gap between the axial rod and the surrounding components to be accommodated is preferably sealed by a particularly sterile seal, for example without a gap, such as a lip seal, and only in a simple case is an O-ring seal. Sealed by.

  Nevertheless, in order to be able to remove the pathogens occurring in the annular gap without disassembling the cavitation generator, one or advantageous in the annular gap through the housing in the region of the rod penetration Has two oppositely located wash conduits, through which wash fluid, e.g. vapor, can be fed into and out of the annular gap, so that pathogens generated in the annular gap Will be killed.

  The annular gap is sealed by corresponding seals upstream and downstream of the opening of the cleaning conduit.

  The first obstacle as a collision plate, i.e., a flat surface that prevents the flow direction of the first component to the maximum, or a collision surface that is concave with respect to the flowing first component. In this case, the collision and mixing work in a particularly mixed state. This is because there is no holding part that obstructs the flow by exceeding the first obstacle and projecting in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the first component. This is because the first obstacle, like the following obstacle, is formed in the center of the flow chamber, especially as a central axis, approaching from the opposite direction, ie the flow direction of the first component. This is because can be held by the holding portion approaching in the opposite direction.

  The fluid, first in the flow direction, downstream of the inlet opening first passes through the cross-sectional narrowing, then through the cross-sectional extension, and these cross-sectional narrowing and cross-sectional extension are preferably each Due to the conical shape, a negative pressure is generated upstream of the impingement plate by the fluid flowing through the flow chamber, based on the cross-section extension, and this negative pressure additionally improves mixing.

  The flow gap, which decreases in area as measured in the main flow direction of the mixture, reduces the cross section of the obstruction in the main flow direction, especially in combination with the collision with the first obstruction, and thus obstruction This is obtained by reducing the length of the annular gap around the object, thereby forming a cone that narrows in the direction of flow.

  The produced mixture is preferably withdrawn radially from the housing, in particular via an outlet opening as a radial annular gap.

  In general, the efficiency of the device inserted into an existing conduit is such that the obstacles are adjustable in the axial direction, i.e. in relation to the flow rate in the supply pipe, the viscosity and the mixing properties of the individual components, i.e. The spacing can be improved and / or improved by being adjustable in groups or globally relative to the surrounding housing, so that in the case of a conical housing the annular gap surface Absolute dimensions are also changed.

  In addition, the cavitation effect is particularly pronounced if the device is additionally configured to maintain specific flow technical conditions during operation.

  In other words, it is desirable that the narrow cross section on the downstream side of the inlet opening is designed so that the flow velocity at the narrowest portion of the narrow cross section is equal to the flow velocity in the last obstacle passage gap. On the other hand, it is desirable that the flow velocity at the outlet on the downstream side of the last obstacle is slightly higher than the flow velocity in the flow gap of the last obstacle.

  As an obstacle, a circular obstacle having a constant diameter when viewed in the flow direction, in particular a disc, is used, and when an annular gap is obtained that decreases as the housing tapers in the main flow direction, A particularly simple configuration is obtained. However, this effect is not as great as in the case of obstacles that decrease in a conical shape, especially discs.

  Further particularly advantageous is a significant cross-section reduction downstream of the inlet opening, so that the flow rate is only a factor (multiplier) 9-13, from the inlet opening to the narrowest part of the cross-sectional narrowness, in particular It increases by a factor of 10-12, in particular by a factor of 10.5-11.5.

  When viewed in the flow direction, the flow velocity in the flow gap of the last obstacle is a factor (multiple) of 1.8 to 2.5, particularly 2.0 to the flow velocity in the flow gap of the first obstacle. It is further advantageous if the obstacles are positioned and dimensioned relative to each other and / or the surrounding housing so that they are only 2.3 higher.

  The same is true when the flow velocity from one obstacle to the next increases by a factor (multiplier) 1.1 to 1.4 in each flow gap.

  It has been found that the simple configuration of the device and the high efficiency are optimally balanced when the number of obstacles is 3-10, especially 5-7.

  In this case, the axial distance from the center of two adjacent obstacles to the center is desirably 2 to 7 times, particularly 3 to 5 times the thickness of the plate.

  In this case, the radial width of the annular gap between the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like obstacle and the housing is preferably 1 to 5 mm, particularly 1.5 to 3.8 mm.

  Furthermore, the axial length of the housing section having a constant cross section between the cross section extension and the impingement plate is such that the downstream diameter of the cross section extension, ie 0.7-1 of the constant cross section. It turned out to be advantageous if it is 4 times.

  Similarly, the free diameter downstream of the cross section extension, i.e. inside the section having a constant cross section, is 0.9 to 2.0 times the free cross section of the inflow conduit and / or the outflow conduit, It is particularly desirable that the ratio is 0.9 to 1.1 times.

  In this case, the first obstruction, preferably formed as a collision plate, in some cases, the second obstruction, in some cases, is also significantly larger than the plate-like obstruction, which is significantly larger in the axial direction. Will have. The first obstacle, which is relatively thick when viewed in the axial direction, preferably has one concave depression extending annularly in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface thereof. Each of the two axially separated release edges extending in a circumferential direction, wherein the recess is preferably at least equal to the radial width of the annular gap, preferably Desirably equal to multiple times the annular gap.

  The device as a whole is preferably sized and configured so that a pressure drop of 2.5 to 6 bar, in particular a pressure drop of 5 to 6 bar, occurs over the length of the device.

It is the figure which showed the cavitation generator plant by this invention. It is the figure which showed the cavitation generator used in a cavitation generator plant. It is the figure which showed the cavitation generator used in a cavitation generator plant. It is the figure which showed the opening member. It is the figure which showed the branch point of the return conduit.

  In the following, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  In the cavitation generator plant shown in FIG. 1, a fluid to be processed, usually water or a product whose main component is water, is supplied in the main flow direction 10 and is connected in parallel in this embodiment. Guided over a cavitation generator section 1 comprising two identical cavitation generators 1a, 1b.

  In order to produce a desired cavitation action in the cavitation generators 1a, 1b, the fluid to be processed is brought to the required pressure by a pump 4 arranged upstream of the cavitation generator section 1 in the main system. This pressure is adjusted in relation to the physical properties of the fluid to be processed and other parameters.

In this embodiment, a cavitation generator plant is used as a mixer. This is because the fluid flowing in the main flow direction 10 is supplied with the second component, CO _{2 in} this embodiment, via the supply conduit 17.

  The supply conduit 17 opens to the inflow conduit 8 at a mixing point (mixing junction) 5 opening upstream of the pump 4, whereby the entire mixture is supplied by the pump 4 to the pressure increase section.

  On the downstream side of the cavitation generator section 1, the return conduit 3 branches off from the main flow direction 10 of the outflow conduit 9 at a point (branch point) 3 a (see FIG. 3), and the pump 4 and the second component At a point (confluence point) 3b located upstream of the mixing point 5, the partial flow 2a of the main flow 2 is returned again to the inflow conduit 8 in the circuit.

This means that a sufficient flow rate is always ensured even in the opening member 23 for the supply tempering unit 17, that is, for CO ₂ , thereby preventing pathogens or other impurities from accumulating in the opening member 23. It is.

  This return guide, i.e., the circulation circuit guide, simply provides the required minimum flow rate to flow through the cavitation generator section 1 when the amount of fluid to be processed, which is supplied per unit time in the main flow direction, is small. It only serves to maintain. The required minimum flow rate is necessary to obtain the minimum pressure drop required for the cavitation generator to function over the cavitation generator section.

  For this purpose, the pressure drop across the cavitation generator section 1 is measured by the differential pressure measuring device 15, which sends the measurement result to the control device 6. The control device 6 may be integrated with the differential pressure measuring device 15.

  The differential pressure measuring device 15 and / or the control device 6 are adapted to receive input signals from the pressure gauge 14d on the upstream side and the pressure gauge 14c on the downstream side of the cavitation generator section 1, in which case cavitation occurs. The pressure gauge 14 c on the downstream side of the machine section 1 is located directly at the branch point 3 a from the outflow conduit 9 to the return conduit 3. Further, the differential pressure measuring device 15 and / or the control device 6 are provided with another pressure gauge 14a provided at the starting end of the main component inflow conduit 8 ', and an outlet conduit for the finished beverage downstream of the branch point 3a. An input signal is received from a further pressure gauge 14b provided at 9 '.

  In order to ensure that the control device 6 can control the entire plant reliably, the control device 6 is provided with a plurality of other signal generators, namely the supply conduit 17 for the second component of the mixture, in this embodiment for carbon dioxide. Are connected to a first flow meter 21a provided in the first flow meter 21a and a second flow meter 21b provided in the inflow conduit 8 'for the main component.

  The control device 6 comprises a pump 4 arranged in the inflow conduit 8 for the finished beverage, and thus the pumping amount per unit time pumped over the cavitation generator section 1, as well as the inflow conduit 8 'for the main component. And controls another pump 22 arranged immediately downstream of the first pressure gauge 14a. This is because the return conduit 3 is based on the difference in pump output between the pump 22 arranged upstream of the supply point 3b to the supply conduit 8 'of the return conduit 3 and the pump 4 arranged downstream. This is because the amount of the partial flow 2a returned via the is controlled.

  Further, the cavitation generators 1a and 1b connected in parallel in the cavitation generator section 1 are individually separated by shut-off valves 18a, 18b, 18c and 18d arranged upstream and downstream of the cavitation generators 1a and 1b. It can be stopped or closed.

  These shut-off valves 18a, c or 18b, d in each cavitation generator 1a, 1b are also controlled by the control device 6, whereby each cavitation generator can be individually activated and deactivated.

  For this purpose, it is sufficient for each individual cavitation generator 1a, 1b to be provided with only one shut-off valve, but by means of the two shut-off valves, on the one hand the mixed liquid or in the liquid Pathogens or water hammers from the main system are prevented from affecting the dormant cavitation generator.

  Further, in each of the cavitation generators 1a and 1b, a tree-like obstacle member 109 (shown in detail in FIG. 2) to which a plurality of obstacles 108a and 108b are attached is placed between at least two terminal positions by the compressed air cylinders 13a and 13b. Can be moved in the axial direction 10 of the cavitation generator so that the gap width 11 is based on the conical shape of both the tree-like obstruction member 109 and the cavitation generator housing surrounding the cavitation generator, Adjustment is possible from a large gap width to a small gap width and conversely from a small gap width to a large gap width.

  The compressed air cylinders 13 a and 13 b that cause this adjustment are also controlled by the control device 6.

  A connection conduit 19 is further provided between the supply conduit 17 for carbon dioxide and the inflow conduit 8, and this connection conduit 19 branches between the opening member 23 and the flow meter 21 a in the supply conduit 17. The inlet pipe 8 opens at the supply point 3 b of the return pipe 3.

  The connecting conduit 19 as well as other shut-off valves provided in the plurality of conduits are mainly used for cleaning purposes.

  This is because when the check valve 12d is closed and the two check valves in the connection conduit 19 are opened, fluid is sucked in via the check valve 12c based on the venturi effect generated in the opening member 23. This is because complete cleaning of the opening member 23 is guaranteed.

  Furthermore, several check valves 12a, 12b, 12c are provided in the plurality of conduits, that is, the check valve 12a is provided in the inflow conduit 8 'for the main component, and in the return conduit 3. Is provided with a check valve 12 b, and a check valve 12 c is provided in the supply conduit 17. Thereby, in the said conduit | pipe, a flow is performed only in the desired flow direction, ie, the flow direction which goes to the cavitation generator 1. FIG.

That is, the control device 6 controls three main means that affect the pressure drop across the cavitation generator section 1. It is desirable that the pressure drop does not decrease below a predetermined minimum pressure drop (for each individual case specific to the plant) in order for the cavitation action to function and to be performed satisfactorily. The three main means controlled by the control device 6 are:
-On the one hand, the output of the pump 4 that provides the working pressure for the cavitation generator section 1, as well as the output of another pump 22 for the main component provided upstream in this embodiment,
-On the other hand, connection and disconnection of individual cavitation generators 1a, 1b in cavitation generator section 1;
-Further, in the present embodiment, the gap width in each cavitation generator 1a, 1b is changed by switching the gap width separately from large to small and from small to large for each individual cavitation generator 1a, 1b. Enlargement or reduction.

  The cavitation generator used in this case is shown in longitudinal section with a small gap width 11 in FIG. 2a and with a large gap width 11 ′ in FIG. 2b, respectively.

  In this case, the cavitation generator tube 100 includes a plurality of sections screwed to each other, that is, a product inflow portion 102, a cavitation cone 103, a pressure release chamber 105, and an axial penetration portion 104. Continue in this order in the flow direction 10, ie adjacent to the longitudinal direction of the cavitation generator tube 100.

  The individual tube pieces are usually screwed together via flanges 102a, 102b, 103a, 103b, 104a, 104b, 105a, 105b projecting radially outward from these tube pieces. In this case, the pressure release chamber 105 has a third flange 105c. This is because, in the pressure release chamber 105, the medium, that is, the product outflow 119 of the mixture, is carried out laterally in the radial direction.

  However, the pressure release chamber 105 is closed by the axial through portion 104 in the axial direction 10, and the axial rod 107 is led out through the axial through portion 104. The rod 107 together with the obstacles 108a and 108b attached to the axial rod 107 forms a tree-like obstacle member 109 provided in the inner chamber 101a within the length range of the cavitation cone 103. As a result, the tree-like obstacle member 109 can be moved in the longitudinal direction 10 and fixed in the axial direction through portion 104, and thereby the tree-like obstacle member 109 and / or the inner chamber 101 a of the cavitation cone 103 can be continuously formed. On the basis of this configuration, the radial gap width 11 between the individual obstacles 108a to 108e and the cavitation generator pipe 100 surrounding them can be adjusted. Is significantly related to the size of the gap width.

  In order to minimize the free overhanging length of the tree-like obstruction member 109, the axial rod 107 of the tree-like obstruction member 109 has a transition flange between the pressure relief chamber 105 and the cavitation cone 103 as a support flange. 126 is supported radially. In this case, a small support member extends radially inward from, for example, two locations on the outer connecting pipe piece facing each other, and holds a thin ring that forms a radial guide for the axial rod 107. . The narrow support material hardly prevents the axial flow through the inner chamber 101a.

  The support flange 126 is a component that is integral with the fixed flange 105 a, or is a separate member that is screwed between two adjacent components, ie, the pressure release chamber 105 and the cavitation cone 103. It may be.

  The product inflow part 102 forms a substantially straight tube piece starting in the longitudinal direction 10, and the mixture that has already been produced is introduced into the central opening of this tube piece from the right side of FIGS. 2 a and 2 b. It flows into the cavitation generator tube 100 through the opening 124.

  The rotationally symmetric inner cross section of the product inflow section 102 is first narrowed conically toward the narrow cross section 121 and then rapidly expanded to the cross section extension 122. Thereby, the free inner cross section of the end portion of the product inflow portion 102 is equal to the start end portion, that is, the inlet opening 124.

  Between the cross section extension 122 and the end of the product inflow section 102 is located a section with a constant free inner cross section, which section is approximately 20 to about the length of the product inflow section 102. 30% and may continue somewhat further into the interior of the subsequent cavitation cone 103.

  A so-called “cavitation cone” 103 is flange-fastened to the product inflow portion 102, and a joint between the product inflow portion 102 and the cavitation cone 103 is sealed by an aseptic seal 120, which means that the cavitation This is true between all components of the generator tube 100.

  The cavitation cone 103 is also a substantially straight tube piece. In this case, the free inner central flow portion extends from the start end portion of the cavitation cone 103 to the narrow portion 121 ′ of the cross section over about 80% of the total length. Further, the obstacles 108a to 108e of the tree-like obstacle member 109 are also located in the free inner chamber 101a at the center of the portion that is tapered in a conical shape and narrows in the axial direction.

  Next, the cross section of the inner chamber 101 a of the cavitation cone 103 is expanded to the cross section expansion portion 122 ′ very rapidly, so that the free flow portion at the end portion of the cavitation cone 103 becomes the cavitation cone 103. It is only slightly smaller than at the beginning of the.

  In this case, the first two obstacles 108 a and 108 b are preferably provided with two peeling edges 123 arranged one after the other in the axial direction 10. Between them, a circular arc-shaped groove which is concave in the cross section extending in the circumferential direction is located, and the peeling edge 123 forms a predetermined acute angle in the cross section.

  The subsequent obstacles 108c, 108d, 108e are formed on the axial rod 7 as radially outwardly projecting discs, each having a different radius, so that the individual peeling edges of the individual obstacles 108a-108e An annular gap 118 having gap widths 11 and 11 ′ remains between the gaps 123 facing the inner wall of the cavitation cone 103 that narrows in a conical shape.

  In this case, since the obstacles 108a to 108e are respectively attached to the axial rod 107 so as not to move in the axial direction, they are merely moved together in the longitudinal direction 10 by the axial rod 107.

  A pressure release chamber 105 is flanged to the cavitation cone 103 in the flow direction 10, and the pressure release chamber 105 also has an axial rod 107 passing through in the axial direction 10. The mixture diverges in the radial direction and is discharged through an outlet pipe piece attached in the radial direction as 119.

  The end portion of the pressure release chamber 105 on the downstream side when viewed in the axial direction 10 is closed with respect to the product to flow therethrough. The end portion is provided with an axial through-hole 104, which is also a straight tube piece, and has only one flange for fastening the flange with respect to the pressure release chamber 105. The axial rod 107 has a free diameter corresponding to the thickness of the axial rod 107, and the axial rod 107 is dense but axially movable so that no leakage occurs. It penetrates the penetration part 114 and is led out from the downstream end of the axial penetration part 104.

  In order to seal the penetrating part 114, the inner peripheral surface of the axial penetrating part 104 has one ring seal separated in the axial direction, in this case, an O-ring seal 115 provided at the end on the downstream side. And a lip seal 116 provided on the upstream side facing the pressure release chamber 105.

  In order to avoid accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the space between the seals and within the range of the seal, or in order to be able to kill and remove these pathogenic bacteria, etc., the gap between the seals is axially spaced, An annular chamber 118 is formed in the form of an annular recess provided in the penetrating portion 114 on the inner peripheral surface of 114, and a plurality of washings communicating from the outside of the axial penetrating portion 104 are formed in the annular recess. Conduits 117a, 117b are distributed and open over the entire circumference, through which the washing medium, for example steam, can be supplied continuously or at specific time intervals for washing purposes. .

  On the downstream side of the penetration part 114, the inner chamber of the axial penetration part 104 expands in a conical shape, and a tightening cone 125 is inserted into this inner chamber. The tightening cone 125 is preloaded in the axial direction with respect to the axial through portion 104 by screw fastening. The tightening cone 125 also has an axial through-opening corresponding to the thickness of the axial rod 107, so that the adjusted axial position of the axial rod 107 is the same as the axial rod 107 and the axial through-hole. It is possible to fix the position by clamping the clamping cone 125 with the clamp 104.

  2a and 2b further show that all the inner corners 113a, 113b, 113c in the inner chamber 101a of the cavitation generator tube 100 are formed by being significantly rounded. Thus, the formation of stagnant zones of the flowing fluid at the inner corners, and the formation of deposits and pathogens due to the fluid staying at the inner corners for a long period of time is avoided. For the same reason, the transition 112 between the individual obstacles and the axial rod 107 is also formed to be significantly rounded.

  In order to avoid deposits in the weld seam bubbles, at least in the parts individually manufactured for the cavitation generator, namely the product inflow section 102, the cavitation cone 103 and the axial through section 104, the corresponding flanges 102a, 102b. , 103a, 103b, 104a, 104b are not welded to the pipe pieces, but are formed integrally with the pipe pieces.

  On the other hand, since the pressure release chamber 105 is a simple T-shaped member of a pipe joint, it is usually a purchased part. These T-shaped members manufactured in mass production are usually manufactured by welding flanges to the tube pieces, but in such advanced industrial manufacturing, post-processing to eliminate weld seam bubbles is not possible. As it is possible, a T-shaped member welded without bubbles can be supplied to the market. Otherwise, the pressure relief chamber must also be manufactured from the solid body.

  Further, FIG. 3 shows an enlarged branch at point 3a. It is clear that this is not a simple T-shaped member provided in the conduit. Rather, in this position, the return conduit 3 is arranged upright so as to face up in the flow direction towards the return point 3b and down towards the outflow conduit 9 '.

  In this return conduit 3, the tube end 9 a of the outflow conduit 9 extends freely, and the free end 9 a of the outflow conduit 9 is directed upward in the return conduit 3, It extends coaxially inside. In this position, the return conduit 3 has a significantly larger diameter than the tube end 9a.

  In other words, if it is desirable that the mixture arriving at the outflow conduit 9 contains bubbles, the bubbles rise back upwards mainly into the conduit 3 from the tube end 9a and into the outflow conduit 9 ', The outlet of the mixer is not reached.

  In FIG. 4, the opening member 23 shown in FIG. 1 provided at the mixing point 5 is shown in an enlarged axial sectional view.

  From FIG. 4 it can be seen that the substantially rotationally symmetric opening member 23 has a reduced cross-section and a subsequent cross-section extension as viewed in the flow direction 10, and carbon dioxide via the supply conduit 17. Is supplied through a hole that opens radially in the inner chamber, and this hole is located slightly upstream of the portion where the cross section is reduced most in the reduced cross section. Has been placed.

  This achieves that no uncleaned area remains on the back side of the reduced cross section when the opening member 23 is cleaned.

  1 cavitation generator section, 1a, 1b cavitation generator, 2 main flow, 2a partial flow, 3 return conduit, 3a branch point, 3b feed point, 4 pump, 5 mixing points, 6 controller, 8, 8 'inflow conduit, 9 Outflow conduit, 10 Flow direction, Axial direction, 11 Clearance width, 12a-12d Check valve, 13a, 13b Compressed air cylinder, 14a-14d Pressure gauge, 15 Differential pressure measuring device, 17 Supply conduit, 18a-18d Shut off Valve, 19 connecting conduit, 21a, 21b flow meter, 22 pump, 23 opening member, 100 cavitation generator pipe, 101a inner chamber, 102, 102 ′ product inflow section, 102a, 102b, 103a, 103b, 104a, 104b, 105a 105b Flange, 103 Cavity , 104 axial penetrating part, 105 pressure relief chamber, 107 axial rod, 108a, 108b obstacle, 109 tree-like obstructing member, 112 transition part, 113a, 113b inner corner, 114 penetrating part, 115 O-ring, 116 Lip seal, 117a, 117b Cleaning conduit, 118 Annular gap, 119 Exit opening, 120 Aseptic seal, 121, 121 ′ Cross section narrow, 122 Cross section expansion, 123 Release edge, 124 Inlet opening, 125 Tightening cone, 126 Support flange

Claims (25)

A cavitation generator section (1) having one cavitation generator (1a) or a plurality of cavitation generators (1a, 1b) connected in parallel, which can individually control the gap width (11), A method for adapting the flow rate of a cavitation mixer for a fluid mixture to be produced hygienically, comprising:
- taking into account the temperature of the fluid to be treated to determine the minimum pressure drop across the cavitation generator section (1),
A part of the fluid mixture is returned from the outlet conduit (9) via the return conduit (3) from the point (3a) downstream of the cavitation generator section (1) for the cavitation generator section (1) Back to the point (3b) upstream of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure of and of the two components of the fluid mixture upstream of the mixing point (5).
In a method for adapting the flow rate of a cavitation mixer for a fluid mixture to be produced hygienically,
-The pumping output of the pump (4) is selected to be greater than the maximum amount of fluid mixture removed from the cavitation mixer, so that excessive pressure is always produced at the end of the cavitation generator section (1);
-Always open the return conduit (3);
-If the minimum pressure drop is not met,
- By increasing the pre-Symbol pumping quantity per unit time of the pump (4), said return partial flow returned through a conduit (3) (2a) increased, and / or - a plurality of cavitation generator (1a , 1b), at least one of these cavitation generators (1a, 1b) is closed and / or
- the axial movement of the tree-like baffle member (109), for one or more features to reduce the gap width (11) of the cavitation generator (1a), a fluid mixture to be hygienically prepared How to adapt the flow rate of cavitation mixer. For fluid mixtures with gaseous components:
The extending direction has a vertical component and the upper end is connected to the point (3b) upstream of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure for the cavitation generator section (1) Take out the fluid mixture in the range of said point (3a) at the lower end of the tube piece (22 '),
The outlet conduit (9) has an open end (9a) directed upwards above the extraction point (3a) for the fluid mixture in the tube piece (22 '). The method according to 1. -Said fluid mixture is derived radially from a cavitation generator tube (100) directed in a main flow direction (10) of at least one cavitation generator (1a);
The axial rod (107) supporting the tree-like obstruction (109) is supported laterally (111) in the housing, upstream and downstream of the tree-like obstruction (109); Item 3. The method according to Item 1 or 2. When only one cavitation generator (1a) is provided, and the pressure drop decreases below the minimum pressure drop,
-The gap width of the cavitation generator (1a) is first reduced from a large gap width (11 ') to a small gap width (11);
-If the pressure drop continues below the minimum pressure drop, the pumping amount per unit time of the pump (4) is increased until a minimum pressure drop is obtained. The method described. When the minimum pressure drop was at least 30% but only spent ultra small gap width (11) in operation to that single cavitation generator a gap width of (1a), a large gap width (11 ') The method of claim 4, wherein the method is switched back. When multiple cavitation generators (1a, 1b) are provided,
-Close one or more cavitation generators (1a, 1b ...) in sequence,
-After that, if there are several active cavitation generators, adjust the gap width from large (11 ') to small (11) in at least one of these active cavitation generators;
-Finally, if there is only one cavitation generator (1b) still operating with a small gap width (11), per unit time of the pump (4) until the minimum pressure drop is obtained. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pumping amount is increased. When two cavitation generators (1a, 1b) of the same size are provided,
-When the amount of product supplied per unit time decreases to less than 75% of the maximum throughput of the plant, the gap width of one of the cavitation generators (1a) is reduced from the larger gap width (11 '). Adjust the gap width (11), and leave the gap width of the other cavitation generator still large gap width (11 ')
When the supply volume is reduced to half of the maximum throughput, the cavitation generator adjusted to a small gap width is completely closed;
-When the feed rate is reduced to 25% or less than the maximum throughput, the cavitation generator in operation is adjusted to a small gap width (11);
-In this state, if the minimum pressure drop required over the cavitation generator section (1) has not yet been achieved, the per unit time of the pump (4) until the minimum pressure drop is obtained. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pumping amount is increased. The amount of the partial stream (2a) to be returned corresponds to 50% of the main flow (2), any one process as claimed in claims 1 to 7. The amount of the partial flow (2a) returned is stepwise by opening of the shut-off valves provided in a plurality of parallel tributaries upstream of the downstream point (3a) of the outflow conduit (9). The method according to claim 1, wherein the method can be increased to -Continuously changing the amount of the partial flow (2a) to be returned, so that the minimum pressure drop is just achieved and / or-the pressure drop is continuously measured and the return conduit ( 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure drop is sent to a control device (6) that controls the flow rate through 3). - supply pressure or the main component of the raw product or biological products that affect the minimum pressure drop the temperature or viscosity continuously or intermittently measured, the minimum pressure drop in relation to the measurement 1 to 10 if the control device (6) is changed and / or if the minimum pressure drop is exceeded by 20%, the last implemented flow increase measure is canceled. The method according to claim 1. -If only some of the existing cavitation generators (1a, 1b ...) are operating, the cavitation generators (1a) in one or more operating states are A cavitation generator section that is only partially activated if it is alternated in sequence after elapse and / or only a part of the plurality of cavitation generators of the cavitation generator section (1) is operating only (1) pressure drop across the 30%, or exceeds the previous SL minimum pressure drop, or when it reaches the 5500HP a, connected sequentially or all cavitation generator being stopped (1a, 1b) 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.   In the cavitation generator section (1), when a plurality of cavitation generators (1a, 1b) sized to different sizes are used and the minimum pressure drop is not reached, first the smallest cavitation If the generator is stopped and this is not sufficient, it is no longer sufficient to stop the next largest cavitation generator in turn and finally one cavitation generator instead of the smallest cavitation generator. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising starting with the smallest cavitation generator and also stopping the second cavitation generator. If the gap width (11) is continuously adjusted in direct relation to the pressure drop, the adjustment is carried out so that the required minimum pressure drop is just achieved and / or When the main component of the product to be processed or processed is water, at a temperature of 20 ° C. + / − 2 ° C. (14a, 14b. as or exceeded achieved Oite the object, to determine the minimum pressure drop, any one process of claim 1 to 13. Minimum pressure drop across the cavitation generator section (1) are water or Seisanbutsu having water as a main component, when at a treatment temperature of 2 0 ℃ +/- 2 ℃, is 4000 hPa, 15. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 14. A cavitation mixer,
- a plurality of cavitation generator (1a, 1b) connected in parallel to each other provided with a cavitation generator section (1) having the cavitation generator (1a, 1b) a gap width (11) in, can a large such between the gap width (11 ') and the small gap width (11) is adjustable by compressed air cylinder (113),
At least one pump (4) is provided in the inflow conduit (8) leading to the cavitation generator section (1);
A differential pressure measuring device (15) is provided between the downstream point (3a) and the upstream point (3b) of the cavitation generator section (1),
A supply conduit (17) for a second component is provided upstream from the pump (4) and opens into the inflow conduit (8);
-From the point (3a) downstream of the cavitation generator section (1) to the upstream side of the pump (4) supplying the working pressure for the cavitation generator section (1) and two fluid mixtures A return conduit (3) leading to a point (3b) upstream of the component mixing point (5) is provided;
The cavitation generator (1a, 1b) is formed into a tubular shape by a cavitation generator tube (100),
In the cavitation mixer
The cavitation generators (1a, 1b...) Individually and independently of one another with an inflow conduit (8) or an outflow conduit (9) leading to the individual cavitation generator (1a, 1b...). It can be blocked by blocking,
-The gap width (11) can be adjusted,
-Controlling the discharge per unit time of the pump (4) in relation to the pressure drop measured by the differential pressure measuring device (15) over the cavitation generator section (1) and the individual cavitation A control device (6) is provided for controlling the opening and closing of the generator (1a, 1b...) And the adjustment from the large gap width (11 ′) to the small gap width (11) in the open state and vice versa. And
The cavitation generator pipe (100) consists of a plurality of flanged individual pipe parts (102, 103, 104), which at least comprise the product inflow part (102), the cavitation cone ( 103) and a cavitation mixer, which is an individual member of the axial penetration portion (104). - obstacles (108a, · · ·) are these obstacles (108a, 108b) by moving the combined axial rod (107) axially, and / or - said return conduit ( 17. Cavitation mixer according to claim 16, adjustable axially by means of another pump (22) provided in the inlet conduit for the main component of the mixture upstream of the feed point (3b) of 3). A second supply conduit for the component (17), have connecting conduit (19) is provided between the return line (3), the connecting conduit (19), prior Symbol supply conduit (17), 18. Cavitation mixer according to claim 16 or 17, connected to the main system between a metering valve (20) and a mixing point (5) of the supply conduit (17). The fixing flanges (102a, 102b, 103a, 103b, 104a, 104b) of the pipe part, ie the product inflow part (102), the cavitation cone (103) and the axial through-hole (104), without a weld seam; and a manufactured entity, and / or - relief chamber (105) is welded flanges (105a, 105b, 105c) and the welding seams (106a that is post-processed in order to close the interior of the bubble, The cavitation mixer according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the cavitation mixer is a T-shaped tube piece provided with 106b, 106c). - the obstacle and (108a, 108b), the transition between the said axial rod for supporting the obstacles (107) (112), rounded includes a radius of curvature of 1 m m even without least And / or—all inner corners (113a, 113b) of the inner chambers (101a, 101b) of the cavitation generator (1a, 1b) are rounded with a radius of curvature of at least 5 mm. The cavitation mixer according to any one of claims 16 to 19. - of the cavitation generator tube (100), during the screw tightening portions to each other in the axial direction, sterility seal without gaps (120) are arranged, and / or - said axial rod (107) the through portion (114), said cavitation generator (1a, 1b) relative to the internal chamber (101a, 101b) of the selectively O-ring seal (115) or a lip seal sterility without clearance ( The cavitation mixer according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the cavitation mixer is sealed by 116). The annular gap between the penetration (114) and the axial rod (107) guided in the penetration is sealed on both sides by seals (115, 116) when viewed in the axial direction; during viewed in the axial direction of the both sealing two opposing positions irrigation duct (117a, 117b) are open,
A cavitation mixer according to any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein the cleaning conduits (117a, 117b) open into an annular chamber (118). - the cross section narrowing portion on the downstream side of the inlet opening (124) (121), the flow rate coefficient 9-13 but only high Merare, and / or - when viewed in the flow direction (10) end of the obstacle (108e) the flow velocity in the flowing clearance, as is only high because it factor 1.8 to 2.5 than the flow velocity in flowing clearance first obstacle, the obstacle (108a, · · ·) are mutually And / or relative to the surrounding cavitation generator tube (100) and / or each from one obstacle (108a, ...) to the next obstacle Positioning with respect to the cavitation generator pipe (100) relative to and surrounding the disc so that the flow velocity in the flow gap increases by a factor of 1.1 to 1.4 each time as viewed in the flow direction. And is dimensioned Any one Cavitation mixer according to 2. - The number of the obstacle (108a, · · ·) is 3 to 0, and / or <br/> - discoid said obstacle (108a, · · ·) thickness in the axial direction of Is 1 to 4 mm and / or the axial distance from the center to the center of two adjacent obstacles (108a,...) Is 2 times the thickness of the obstacle as viewed in the axial direction. a fold to 7-fold, and / or <br/> - a plate-like obstacle (108a, 108b · · ·) and the radial width of the annular gap between the cavitation generator tube (100) Is 1-5 mm and / or-the axial length of the section with a constant cross section between the cross section extension (122) and the first obstacle (108a) is the cross section Corresponding to 0.7 to 1.4 times the diameter of the downstream side of the extension (122) and / or-downstream of the cross-sectional extension (122) and 24. The free diameter inside the upstream of the first obstacle (108a) corresponds to 0.9 to 1.1 times the free cross section of the inflow conduit and / or the outflow conduit. The cavitation mixer according to any one of the above. The cavitation mixer according to any one of claims 16 to 24, wherein the cavitation generator is configured such that a pressure drop of 2.5 to 6 bar occurs during operation of the cavitation generator.

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