DE102012007613A1 - Star-shaped swimming support base for offshore wind energy plant, has control unit that controls operation cycle of wind power machine such that configurations of hardware and software are introduced at wind power machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The base (3) has pulling element clamping length adjustment devices associated with an electronic control and regulating device according to a predetermined algorithm. The anti-vibration or oscillations preventive activities are controlled by calculating actual value notifications on-board sensors (20-24). A control unit is used for controlling of operation cycle of a wind power machine (15) such that the configurations of hardware and software are introduced at the wind power machine to enable the oscillation damping or oscillation prevention function with generator (16).

Description

State of the art

Wind turbines have favored the development of renewable energies. In particular, offshore wind turbines harbor great energy potential due to the intensive wind resources at sea, and there is also a better acceptance by the people for such sites. Inevitably, the cost of such start-ups is much higher, especially for facilities in deeper ocean regions. In the context of increasing current offshore investment planning, there is also a trend towards facilities on the high seas, not least because of the stronger wind there. Due to the problematic start-ups in lower locations, the wind power industry is already considering floating support structures for wind turbines, which is also reflected in increasing patent applications in this area.

• – wechselnde über den Rotor der Windkraftmaschine auf den Turm und auf Prallflächen der Trägerbasis einwirkende Windkräfte (Böen),
• – Seegang (wobei zusätzlich zu den direkt auf die Prallflächen der Anlage einwirkenden Strömungskräften vertikale Kraftkomponenten aus den Zugspannungen der Diagonal-Zugverstrebungen hinzukommen),
• – ein in [4] beschriebenes, bisher weniger bekanntes in großen Windparks auftretendes Phänomen der „Nachlaufströmung”, die mäanderförmig, zu komplexen Überlagerungen neigend, zu wechselnden Belastungen an nachfolgenden WEA führt;
• – eine nach technischem Ermessen zu erwartende Einflussnahme wechselnden Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten an den die Anlagen tragenden Schwimmkörpern, in dem (gemäß „Bernoullische Konstante”) leitflächenformbedingt zwischen oben und unten unterschiedliche bzw. wechselnde vertikale Kräfte auf sie einwirken könnten.

Floating wind turbines are unfortunately due to their relatively unstable Fesselungsmöglichkeit and by their structure of a physical pendulum (because of the large mass concentration at the top of the tower) exposed to the risk of swinging, especially since such systems are subject to many disturbances. As vibrational disturbances must be considered:

• Alternating wind forces (gusts) acting on the rotor of the wind power machine and on impact surfaces of the carrier base
• Sea state (in addition to the flow forces acting directly on the baffles of the plant, vertical force components are added from the tensile stresses of the diagonal tension struts),
• A phenomenon of "wake flow" occurring in [4], hitherto less well-known phenomenon occurring in large wind farms, which leads meandering to complex superpositions and leads to changing loads on subsequent wind turbines;
• - According to expected technical influence influencing flow velocities on the turbines carrying the facilities in which (according to "Bernoulli constant") leitflächenformged between top and bottom different or changing vertical forces could act on them.

References [1] to [3] describe various foundation structures, including floating and application perspectives.

For the present application, patent or application documents [5] to [19] having either underwater floating bodies as supporting components, vibration damping devices and / or vertical and diagonal cable anchors have been considered.

Of these, [10] and [13] to [16] relate to carrier bases which have largely oblique anchoring cables and vibration damping devices.

• – bei Konzeptionen mit nur schräg verlaufendem Verankerungsseilwerk sind Schwenkbewegungen des Fesselungspunktes an Bord um den starren Fesselungspunkt am Meeresboden möglich, sodass horizontale Verschiebungen auch vertikale mit sich bringen und umgekehrt, wodurch die Fesselung des Objektes quasi in allen drei Dimensionen unvollkommen ist;
• – bei [10] und [14] die erreichbare Wirksamkeit der an der schwimmenden Plattform im Unterwasserbereich eingesetzte Wasserkraftmaschinen zur Erzeugung eines Gegen-Kippmomentes zur Kompensation von an der Windkraftmaschine am Turm einwirkenden Störgrößen wahrscheinlich zu gering ist;
• – bei [13] und [15] die zur Kompensation von das Gleichgewicht beeinflussenden Störgrößen im Unterwasserbereich an der Trägerbasis angeordneten Strömungsleitflächen – u. a. durch zweckentsprechende Ausbildung der Schwimmkörper – die erzielbaren Gegenkippmomente vermutlich zu gering sind;
• – bei [16] mit zwischen der Turmträgerbasis und dem Turm angeordneten der Schwingungsdämpfung dienenden hydraulische Hubelemente voraussichtlich in der Wirkung der gesetzten Erwartung nicht ausreichen würden, da die Trägerbasis als Reaktionsmasse – zudem mit ihrer „weichen” Fixierung – gegenüber dem großen Massenträgheitsmoment des Turmes mit der Windkraftmaschine und Gondel relativ klein ist.

Such known floating support base conceptions have various deficiencies that are largely remedied by presently proposed designs. Their disadvantages or adverse effects are that

• - in designs with only angled anchoring wire, pivotal movements of the bondage point on board around the rigid bondage point on the seabed are possible, so that horizontal displacements also bring vertical and vice versa, whereby the bondage of the object is imperfect in all three dimensions;
• In [10] and [14] the achievable effectiveness of the hydro-electric machines used at the floating platform in the underwater area to produce a counter-tilting moment to compensate for disturbances acting on the wind turbine on the tower is probably too low;
• - in [13] and [15] arranged to compensate for the balance disturbances in the underwater area arranged on the support base flow control - among other things by appropriate design of the floating body - the achievable Gegenkippmomente are probably too low;
• - In [16] arranged between the tower support base and the tower of the vibration damping hydraulic lifting elements would probably not be sufficient in the effect of the set expectation, since the support base as a reaction mass - also with their "soft" fixation - compared to the large moment of inertia of the tower the wind turbine and gondola is relatively small.

The vertical and diagonal anchoring way of floating support bases as in the contemplated floating conceptions according to [5] to [9], [12], [13], [18] and already in the early patent [19] is used in principle (in the latter, however, the vertical strands slightly deviate from the vertical), the anchoring principle in the preamble of the main claim present application for grant of a patent is cited as state of the art, according to technical discretion, although the most precise bondage such floating However, due to a remaining "softness" of these known anchoring methods in the case of the huge masses and sensitive structures in the matter, the floating systems equipped with them must be regarded as very susceptible to vibration.

An absolute rigid bondage of such support structures can not be ensured because of all-possible, albeit small elasticities of the involved elements that captivate them. So u. a. the slanting traction elements, which certainly have to be heavy-weighted, give rise to slack, which, depending on the different influence of disturbances, results in fluctuating tensile forces and thus, within certain limits, fluctuating tension longitudinal fixings. For this purpose, reference is also made to the "chain line" known from mathematics, which makes it clear that a sag-free, and thus rigid in their longitudinal stretching would require an infinitely large tension, which of course is unrealizable. Also, the rope network itself is, in particular in arcuate plant sections where particularly transverse contractions occur, to some extent (though considered to be a very hard) tension spring. Particularly disadvantageous for this purpose is the fact that low freedoms in the bondage create vibration-promoting conditions in the large pendulum length of the center of gravity, so vibration-damping or -vorbeugende facilities appear imperative.

• – schwingungsdämpfender bzw. vorkehrender Maßnahmen und Ausgestaltungen solcher schwimmenden Systeme,
• – seewasserbeständigere Ausbildungsweisen der Verankerungselemente,
• – installations-, inspektions- und wartungsfreundliche Ausgestaltungen ihrer Komponenten und der Trägerbasis selbst, inklusiv einer wirtschaftlichen Austauschmöglichkeit verschleiß- und alterungsgefährdeter Komponenten,
• – einer wirtschaftlichen und wirkungsvollen Verankerungsweise der diagonalen Verankerungsstränge an besonders tiefen Standorten, da in diesen Einsatzfällen mit der bekannten Verknüpfungsweise bei der die diagonalen Verankerungsstränge mit den Verbindungsbasen der vertikalen Verankerungsstränge verknüpft sind, ihre horizontalen auf die Trägerbasis einwirkenden Zugkraftkomponenten sehr bzw. zu gering sind.

Tasks and goals of the present inventive concept exist in the creation

• - vibration-damping or precautionary measures and designs of such floating systems,
• - seawater resistant training of the anchoring elements,
• Installation, inspection and maintenance-friendly embodiments of their components and of the carrier base itself, including an economic exchange possibility for components susceptible to wear and aging,
• An economical and effective way of anchoring the diagonal anchoring strands in particularly deep locations, since in these applications the known linking manner in which the diagonal anchoring strands are linked to the connecting bases of the vertical anchoring strands causes their horizontal tensile force components acting on the support base to be very or too low.

The solution is achieved by the training features according to the invention specified in the descriptions of the embodiments and in the claims.

The achievable advantages will be apparent from the descriptions of the embodiments.

embodiments

Shown schematically:

1 and 2 a floating star-shaped support base with a wind turbine positioned thereon with the anchoring manner mentioned in the preamble of the main claim, equipped with various devices according to the invention, wherein
1 the side view in section,
2 the top view of a section of 1 represents

3 and 4 Rope guiding schemes for effecting the object stabilization according to the invention caused by voltage variations on the vertical anchor rope, as well as means for inspecting and renewing aged ropes, wherein
3 in the side view illustrates a cable guide causing the vibration damping and the periodic renewal of active rope sections with associated winch devices,
4 , Details of the cable drum design with a rope-saving and adhesion-enhancing grooving and facilities for effecting the rope pulling for inspection and renewal purposes

5 a consisting of a solid framework vertical anchoring device with an adjustment for varying the vertical bondage of the affected Trägerbasisarmes

6 and 7 a link consisting of a vertical anchoring device with an adjusting device for varying the vertical bondage of the carrier beam arm concerned, wherein
6 the side view in section of a carrier base arm equipped therewith,
7 the top view too 6 the chain tensioner Vertelleinrichtung shows

8th . 9 and 10 an arrangement and arrangement of a pivoting stand with the carrier base carrying floats with an integrated cable drum for controlled variation of the vertical bondage of the carrier base arm, wherein
8th a top view sectional view of the accommodated in a bifurcated end of a Trägerbasisarmes device,
9 a side view (partial) sectional view of a placed between bifurcated stands rope drum winch section,
10 Figure 3 shows a side view section of the worm-geared bifurcated stator and associated worm drive

11 a consisting of a compressed-air envelope largely cylindrical, the stator enclosing floats

12 . 13 one from a stand in the segment pieces enclosing, filled with compressed air envelopes jacket existing floating body, said
12 a side view in section,
13 the top view of 12 shows

14 one from a floats filled with various floats, preferably foam granules enclosing the stand enclosure

15 and 16 one of a plurality of fixed to a stand, made of rigid materials chambers preferably having a triangular cross-section floating body unit, wherein
15 the side view sectional view,
16 the top view of 15 on average.

• a) Diagonalzugstränge mehrerer schwimmender Windkraftanlagen an die Fundamente der vertikalen Verankerungsstränge benachbarter schwimmender Windkraftanlagen,
• b) Diagonalzugstränge mehrerer benachbarter schwimmender Windkraftanlagen an zwischen ihnen am Meeresboden erstellten separaten Fundamenten verankert sind, wobei

17 to 20 special Anchoring ways of Diagonalzugverstrebungen of deep water to an offshore wind farm combined floating wind turbines, where to achieve a moderately steep course of the diagonal anchoring elements and for the purpose of economic Fundamenterstellung and use

• a) diagonal tension cords of several floating wind turbines to the foundations of the vertical anchoring strands of adjacent floating wind turbines,
• b) diagonal tension cords of several adjacent floating wind turbines are anchored to separate foundations created between them on the seabed,

17 the side view of several according to a) associated carrier bases,

18 the top view of a plurality of carrier bases associated with a) with six diagonal tensile elements,

19 the top view of several b) interconnected carrier bases with six Diagonalzugelementen,

20 the top view of a plurality of b) associated carrier bases with four Diagonalzugelementen shows.

Descriptions of the embodiments

To Fig. 1 and Fig. 2

• a) die Fundamente 6a, b, c, d, e, f so bemessen sind, dass ihre vertikalen und diagonal verlaufenden Haltekräfte mindestens der Vertikalkomponente sowie der Horizontalkomponente der Summe aller auf das gesamte schwimmende System einwirkenden Störkräfte gerecht werden,
• b) die das gesamte schwimmende System tragenden Schwimmkörper 5a, b, c, d, e, f so bemessen sind, dass ihr Auftrieb jeweils größer ist als die maximale sie belastende Vertikalkraft aus Eigengewicht und Störgrößen,

so, dass in vertikaler Richtung jedes Armende 3a, b, c, d, e, f der Trägerbasis 3 immer einer weitgehend gleichbleibenden vertikalen Fixierung unterliegt. Wie aber bereits unter „zum Stande der Technik” abgehandelt, muss aber in der Praxis mit kleineren zyklischen, störgrößenbedingten Abweichungen gerechnet werden. Bei den diesbezüglich ungünstigen Konstellationen – wobei das gesamte schwimmende System als ein überdimensional großes physikalisches Pendel angesehen werden muss mit einer ungünstigen Einflußnahme der dominanten Massenanhäufung am oberen Turmende und den dort einwirkenden Störgrößen „Windböen” kann bzw. muss es nach technischem Ermessen zu schädlichen Aufschaukelungen kommen. Die damit einhergehenden vertikalen Schwingungsbewegungen der Trägerbasisenden zu kompensieren, oder gar durch adaptiv gewonnene Aufschaukelungsmuster solchen schädlichen Vorgängen vorzubeugen sind Aufgaben der die Verankerungslänge veränderbaren Windeneinrichtungen 10. Deren Aktivität wird dabei von einer an Bord befindlichen Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung gesteuert, die nach einem vorbestimmten Modus, gestützt auf Positions-Istwertmeldungen von GPS-Empfangseinrichtungen 20, 21 oder dreidimensional arbeitende Bewegungssensoren 22 die vertikale Verankerungslänge der Trägerbasisenden schwingungsdämpfend- oder vorbeugend beeinflussen. Auch ein oder mehrere Objekterkennungsensoren 24 die auf Optosensor-Basis oder auf dem Dopplerprinzip arbeitend anrollende Wellen mit Höhen-, Entfernungs- und Geschwindigkeitserkennung identifizieren, 301 werden zur Einleitung von Schwingungsdämpfungsprozessen vorgeschlagen. Vorzugsweise können diese zur adaptiven Erstellung zyklischer Störgrößenerscheinungen nützlich sein.The star-shaped Windkraftanlageträgerbasis 3 is from the at her arms 3a , b, c, d, e, f stands arranged downwards 4a -F fixed floats 5a -F worn. Their vertical fixation is done by anchoring cables 7a , b, c, d, e, f are the foundation blocks sitting on the seabed 6a , b, c, d, e, f are anchored and through the hollow stand 4a , b, c, d, e, f, over the pulleys 8a , b, c, d, e, f and 9a , b, c, d, e, f to in an equipment cabin 11 arranged winch devices 10a , b, c, d, e, f are guided. Above the equipment cabin 11 supported by on the support base 3 seated post 12a , b, c, d, e, f rests the cover plate 13 on which is the wind turbine tower 14 with his gondola 15 and converter 16 sitting. To accommodate horizontal, acting on the entire floating system forces and thus to hold their position are diagonal cable assemblies 24 between the foundations 6a , b, c, d, e, f under the carrier base arms 3d , e, f, a, b, c on the other side of the carrier base 3 arranged. Achieving and maintaining a (desired) fixed horizontal and vertical position of the floating system requires that

• a) the foundations 6a , b, c, d, e, f are dimensioned so that their vertical and diagonal holding forces at least the vertical component and the horizontal component of the sum of all acting on the entire floating system disturbing forces meet,
• b) Floats carrying the entire floating system 5a , b, c, d, e, f are dimensioned in such a way that their lift is in each case greater than the maximum vertical load of their own weight and disturbances, which loads them;

so that in the vertical direction each end of the arm 3a , b, c, d, e, f of the carrier base 3 always subject to a largely constant vertical fixation. However, as already discussed under "to the state of the art", smaller deviations due to disturbance variables must be expected in practice. In the unfavorable constellations in this respect - whereby the entire floating system must be regarded as an oversized physical pendulum with an unfavorable influence of the dominant mass accumulation at the upper end of the tower and the disturbing variables "gusts of wind" there can or must occur according to technical discretion to harmful rocking , To compensate for the associated vertical vibration movements of the carrier base ends, or even to prevent such harmful processes by adaptively obtained Aufschaukelungsmuster are tasks of the anchoring length changeable winches 10 , Their activity is controlled by an on-board control and regulating device, which is based on a predetermined mode, based on position feedback from GPS receiving devices 20 . 21 or three-dimensional motion sensors 22 affect the vertical anchoring length of the carrier base ends vibration damping or preventive. Also one or more object recognition sensors 24 Identify waves working on opto-sensor or Doppler principle with altitude, distance and speed detection, 301 are proposed for the initiation of vibration damping processes. Preferably, these may be useful for adaptively creating cyclic disturbance phenomena.

For ease of installation on site and for transportation is the support base 3 / 3a , b, c, d, e, f are buoyant. To achieve a low draft, especially for transport to land near areas, are the stamp 4a -F with the floats 5a -F arranged vertically displaceable in the carrier base ends. One on a leaf shape 17 in a crane runway 18 guided, preferably remotely controllable crane is used for easy installation, maintenance and repair on-board equipment, as well as the acquisition of maintenance personnel or materials from adjacent anchored supply vessels.

For the design of the tethers 7 , the foundations 6 and the volumes of the floats 5 It is proposed to design these so that an opposite anchoring pair of the star-shaped support base 28 can be taken out of action - or may fall - without endangering the stability of the floating system, ie these carrier and holding components are to be dimensioned accordingly. This is also relevant to the "pulling through" of the ropes described below.

To Fig. 3 and Fig. 4

As tension cords for floating wind turbine bases according to type of 1 and 2 are provided, apart from in the present inventive concept newly included massive bar elements and link chains, ropes. In addition to the life-time-consuming seawater, in the case of ropes, its service life is influenced by the alternating load or frequency of the circulating load, as well as by the nature of its support or looping base.

• – eine erfindungsgemäße Seilführung und Windenanordnung zum Wechseln der aktiven Seilpartie aus einem bevorrateten Seilbestand an Bord,
• – eine die hohen inneren Seilfasernbelastungen reduzierende und den Reibschluss zwischen Seil- und Trommel steigernde Rillenprofilierung auf der Seiltrommel 32 die die Ankerseillängenvariationen bewirkt,
• – eine besondere Seiltrommelausgestaltung mit Einrichtungen zum Ein- und Ausfädeln des Seilstranges aus dem gewindeförmigen Rillenverlauf der Seiltrommel 32 während des Durchfahrens bzw. Durchziehens neuer und verbrauchter Seilstrecken,
• – die Anordnung und Einbindung besonderer Sensoren in ein Steuersystem zur Bewirkung des Schwingungsdämpfungsmanagements.

Present schematic representations illustrate this

• A cable guide according to the invention and a winch arrangement for changing the active rope section from a stock of stored ropes on board,
• - A the high inner rope fiber stress reducing and the frictional engagement between rope and drum increasing groove profiling on the cable drum 32 which causes the anchor rope length variations
• - A special Seiltrommelausgestaltung with facilities for threading and unthreading the rope strand from the thread-shaped groove course of the cable drum 32 during the passage or passage of new and used cable routes,
• - The arrangement and integration of special sensors in a control system for effecting the vibration damping management.

The adjustable vertical fixing device of floats 30 worn carrier base 28 is that starting from a rope winch arranged on it 31 with rope supply the rope strand 34a via a pulley 35 through the hollow stand 29d with his attached float 30d to the on the seabed 25 on a foundation 26d seated pulley 36 is guided, after which the rope strand (as 34b ) through the hollow stand 29d back up over the pulley 37 with a built-in force sensor 38 to a winch 32 is guided their rope drum 58 he wraps around at least once and continues (as a stretch of line 34c ) over one on the other side of the carrier base 28 seated pulley 39 with a built-in force sensor 42 through the hollow stand 29a with his attached float 30a to the on the seabed 25 at the foundation 26a seated pulley 40 leads, after which the rope strand (as 34g ) through the hollow stand 29a back up over the pulley 41 to a winch 33 is guided, whose drum 48 Rope storage capacity has.

The winches 31 . 32 . 33 are in a winch housing 44 combined into a single unit.

The winds 31 and 33 consist essentially of one in the winch housing 44 stored wave 45 . 46 with the drum firmly seated against it 4 and 48 and a respective worm wheel rotationally fixed thereto 49 . 50 , which has one on the shaft of a motor associated with it 53 . 54 sitting snail 51 . 52 is engaged. The worm gears are self-locking, so they serve as holding brakes as well. The same applies to the drive elements of the middle winch 32 , which bear the vibration damping height regulations on the Trägerbasenarmen. This also consists of a winch housing 44 stored wave 55 with a worm wheel secured thereon in a rotationally fixed manner 56 with the on the shaft of a dedicated drive motor 58 sitting snail 57 is in positive, self-locking rotary joint. The rope drum 59 indicates the rope diameter adapted thread-like grooves 60a on, in a training way that the wrap around the cable base profile is hardly disturbed and thus crossing cable fibers or wires are not exposed to all too high support voltages, but still causes the lateral contact between rope and groove a slightly wedging, frictional enhancing effect. The tensile force transmission between rope drum rope follows the known laws of the belt drive (Eytelwein). Drum length and groove pitch are chosen so that the strands 34b . 34d as part of their vibration-damping longitudinal movements in the grooves 60a Drum are guided. For the inventive "driving through" of the rope for the purpose of a control inspection or to renew the active rope route all rope drums 31 . 32 . 33 - Controlled by a suitably programmed spreader and control device 66 - Directionally and temporally driven so that the drum 59 entangling rope section on a laterally arranged loose on the shaft 55 mounted cylindrical drum section 66 is passed with a largely de m groove base diameter corresponding outer diameter. During this "driving through" the rope tension is lowered considerably. In this wrap without grooves guide the rope parts 34e . 34d of positively controlled guide elements 63a . 63b guided. For later (re) threading the ropes 30b . 30d into the groove course of the rope drum, which "rotates" during vibration damping 59 is the final phase 62 of the outermost passage cut and a piece on the cylindrical drum section 61 protruding trained. When "re-threading" is in accordance with coordinated direction of rotation and angle assignment of Gangendstückes 62 by means of the positively moved guide elements 63 this rope part 34e pressed in the first groove or so passed that the Bülstendstück 62 it leads into the groove.

In normal operation, the guide elements 63 decoupled from their obsession. The guide elements 63 can through different facilities 65 be moved, z. B. by linear motors, motor-driven threaded spindles or by means of hydraulic actuators based on the present concept. Here, the guide device 63 from one in a printing cylinder 67 sitting butt 68 moved, whose two sides alternatively:
from one via pressure pipes 69 . 70 connected hydraulic switching element 71 over the pipeline 72 with the (pressure-free) oil pan 73 get connected,
or via the connection paths 74 . 75 with a hydraulic 4-way control 76 (known for use in "tracking control"), wherein the manipulated variables are based on actual value messages of the displacement sensor 64 support.

control 76 If necessary, one of a motor 80 powered pressure oil pump pump 79 supplied with pressure oil, the pressure level of which is a pressure relief valve 81 is limited.

The roping-renewal time is automatically determined by the control and regulating device 66 After reaching a predetermined load change number or bending cycle number in the respective active cable route. It may be economical not always to renew the entire active rope section in general, but only to renew a certain distance, so that the load-increasing bending sections (roller circuits) are laid in a new rope field. Of course, it is a prerequisite that the used rope sections still have a residual fatigue strength. For this, the aggressive influences of seawater are also to be considered. A rope track replacement procedure is preferably placed in a less wind active phase of operation, so that without compromising the stability of the entire system, the anchoring stresses of the affected rope path can be reduced.

To avoid life-reducing strong bending stresses of the cable plant, the pulleys are to run in a larger ratio than shown in the schematics. It is also advisable to provide the lower stator ends with roller or Gleitbasen to spread down guided guided cable routes to a corresponding internal cross section of the stand distance.

To Fig. 5

The attachment of this inventively used vertical anchoring elements in the form of solid frameworks takes one, also vibration damping causing vertically adjustable clamping or holding device. It consists in the present embodiment of a star in the end 84 a carrier base arranged breakthrough 85 used, secured against rotation guide flange 86 in which one with the framework 103 connected vertically displaceable, secured against rotation threaded screw 87 sitting by one on a collar of the guide flange 86 resting thread flange 90 is positioned vertically. This has outside a self-locking worm gear 91 on, with one on the shaft one of a control and regulation device 66 controlled engine 93 sitting snail 92 is engaged. According to a predetermined algorithm, based on feedback from sensors included in the vibration control system 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 83 become vibration-damping or -vorbeugende, the vertical position of the Trägerbasisarmes 84 decisive adjusting processes initiated.

Of course, the manipulated variables of all vertically acting fixing devices of the floating wind turbine must be matched to each other according to their distances from the instantaneous pole.

The same applies to the same effect causing institutions of 1 to 4 . 6 and 7 , such as 8th and 9 , An important advantage of solid frameworks is that under the harsh marine conditions of use they promise much longer service lives than cable plants, if not a life to be expected for the entire life of wind turbines. This, especially as a preventive against rusting mass oversizing nothing contrary, especially since a generous training of the frameworks not burdened the carrier base by weight, but their weights (in kink-resistant design) even as a foundation ballast the foundations on the seabed to benefit.

Based on this argument, it is proposed here that the diagonal struts are proposed 11 and 24 in 2 to 3 in place of Seilwerk also form as solid seawater resistant framework. In addition, it is proposed, because of a weight-related greater sag, which restricts a precise horizontal fixation with changing horizontal loads of the floating system and thus favors the formation of shrinkage processes to arrange several, emanating from the support base vertically extending retaining elements.

In the present embodiment, the on the stand 96b arranged floats 97 from a largely barrel-shaped pressure vessel with a continuous inner channel for anchoring rods leading to the seabed 88 ,

For ease of handling in the installation of the system or for Schwimmkörperaustauschaktionen the float body valve means not shown and hose or pipe connections for flooding and emptying are assigned to, to regulate its buoyancy.

To Fig. 6 and Fig. 7

A significantly longer service life in aggressive seawater also promises over-dimensioned link chains (with rust reserves) compared to Seilwerk. For vibration-damping regulation of the vertical anchoring bandages anchoring chains are fixed on the carrier base on sprockets with adjustable twist drive form-fitting. Here is at the carrier base end 98 over the breakthrough 99 for the link leading to the seabed 108 one as a bearing base for a sprocket shaft 102 trained cabin 100 arranged. On the sprocket shaft 102 sits rotationally a worm wheel 106 that with a self-locking tooth profiling with one on the shaft of an electric motor 105 sitting snail 104 is engaged. That on wave 102 non-rotatably seated sprocket 106 has at the periphery for the it looping link chain 108 a form-fitting profiling 107 on. Alternatively or additionally, also in the link plates 108a engaging teeth are arranged on it, with their contact surfaces in concave form the (largely round) outer or end profile of the link plates 108b are adjusted.

to FIG. 8 to FIG. 10

In the present, designed for the floating approach with a low draft carrier base version, the float carrying stand are pivotally mounted at the ends of the arms of a largely star-shaped floating support base for wind turbines. Also for inspection and repair operations this is the draft restrictive or or and facilitate access to the floats process advantage. For this are the arms 110 the carrier base in arm forks 110a , b divided, in which in an elevated central area an axis 111 is fixed horizontally, on the between the forks 110a , b both bifurcated end parts 112a , b of the floating tubes carrying standpipes 113 as well as the rope or chain drum 117 are stored. A bifurcated end section 112b has a Schneckenradverzahnung in an active pivoting range 114 on, in the one on the shaft of an electric motor 116 sitting snail 115 is in a self-locking intervention. On the axis 111 is between the stand forks 112a , b further a rope or chain drum 117 stored, which on one side a Schneckenradverzahnung 117 having, with the on the associated drive motor 120 sitting snail 119 engaged, wherein the or the drum 117 winding rope or chain 121 through the hollow stand 113 led to its anchoring base on the seabed. Whereas the self-locking worm drive 114 / 115 / 116 on the rope or chain drum 117 for vibration damping actions to remain in continuous readiness for operation, the worm drive on the stand fork is required only sporadically during assembly and maintenance or repair operations. The assigned motor / screw unit 116 / 115 is therefore by means of an easily detachable connection device 123 on the cabin wall 122a attached and is completed in the rare need. For this purpose, any auxiliary and transport facilities can be consulted, such. B. the under 1 and 2 described on-board crane 19 ,

Regulating the vertical anchoring bandages, the anchoring chains on board the carrier base become oversized designed link chains (with rust reserves). For vibration damping In the present presentation can only largely vertically upwards and to the tower 14 reach inclined stand positions. If with limited peripheral extension of the entire floating system, z. B. for their transport in addition to the underwater proportioner displacement volume of the carrier base star itself additional load capacity of the on the uprights 113 seated floats is required, an extension of the fork on the support base arm for swinging the stand 113 with the floats under the platform recommended. Also, a lateral arrangement of the stand with the floats together with their pivoting mechanisms next to the Trägerbasisarm allows a small horizontal extent of the entire system at moderate draft.

Of course, the same design conditions for maintaining stability as under 1 to 4 are noted. The illustrated winch device 117 / 118 / 119 / 120 fulfills the functions as under 1 and 2 described. If using existing swivel stand concept also height regulations and rope part replacement actions as below 1 to 4 described, are provided in place of the cable drum 117 with their drive systems 118 / 119 / 120 use loose pulleys.

To Fig. 11

To achieve a space-saving storage for the large-volume float and to facilitate installation or replacement of the buoyant floats is a Volume-variable design proposed by using a compressed air-filled seawater-resistant shell as a floating body. In the present embodiment, it consists of a largely barrel-shaped structure 128 with a central tubular continuous channel 28a through the stand pipe 126 is guided. For vertical support of the floating body is a support plate on the stator tube 127 arranged. To vary its weight and displacer volume, it has water and compressed air connections 129 and 130 on. These may also be useful in light leaks to a temporary maintenance of its supporting function in which it may be removed any leaked water or leaked and leaked compressed air.

To Fig. 12 + Fig. 13

This floating body embodiment consisting of several variable in their displacement volume, combined into a unit seawater resistant flexible or elastic sheaths 133a , b, c, d, e, f with circular cutout profile used for their support and for protection against marine animals and animals in a sheath 132 / 133 / 134 on - preferably the number of cases adapted angular stands 131 to sit. For easy installation or their (even partial) replacement by divers, the sheath consists of easy-to-open segment pieces 133 , These are on - preferably designed as a hexagonal tube - stand 131 Support and limitation plate 132 and 133 arranged between those in appropriate peripheries attached appropriate beadings 134a and 134b centering, to a cylindrical shape complementary shell parts 135 Center. Their joints are equipped with detachable connection devices.

The possibility of carrying out partial replacement actions does not jeopardize the stability of the floating system.

The casings are responsible for their volume variation and for removing any leaking water 133 via connecting lines 137 . 139 with a compressed air supply system 138 and a drainage device 139 connected. Sensors belonging to the state of the art for effecting automatically occurring processes are omitted here.

To Fig. 14

• a) geschichtet angeordneten, kreisringsegmentförmig ausgebildeten seewasserbeständigen Luftkissen, die im Falle einer Alterung ausgetauscht werden können,
• b) eingeschütteten großporigen Schaumstoffpartikeln (Granulat, Bällchen).

Arrangement and external configurations of this float largely correspond to the 12 and 13 , The water displacing and thus the buoyancy causing in the interior accumulated buoyant body are preferably made

• a) layered, annular segment-shaped sea water resistant air cushion, which can be replaced in case of aging,
• b) poured large-pored foam particles (granules, balls).

To Fig. 15 and Fig. 16

This floating body unit consists of several, around a polygonal hollow stand 143 fastened, preferably made of metal hollow body 144a -F with a preferably triangular, the stator adapted cross-sectional profile. As a mounting base, they have in continuation of their contact surface on the stator tongues 149 on. Conveniently, the air chambers 148 also with the under 12 equipped facilities for removing any leaking leak water equipped.

To Fig. 17 and Fig. 18

For the lower fixation of the diagonal tension struts of the floating carrier bases, the foundations of the vertical anchoring strands are inexpensively used in the known (referred to) concepts in the moderate water depths. However, with the use of such systems in deeper ocean regions, the horizontal force component of the diagonal tension elements would become unacceptably small given acceptable horizontal extensions of the carrier bases. In addition, with steep strand course, the horizontal fixation is imprecise, which increases the risk of the formation of vibrations.

Proposed is this - to save separate outside the horizontal extent of the individual carrier bases for the purpose of a less steep diagonal Zugstrangverlaufes anchoring bases to be arranged - to use the foundations of the vertical tension elements adjacent floating wind turbines. Good comes to such an anchoring way that wind turbines on the high seas anyway not individually placed, but many will be installed in wind farms and therefore can be realized economically such anchoring networks.

In the present plan view schema representation are in turn on the carrier bases each six protruding into the water punch 161 each with a float 162 , as well as six vertical 171 - and six Diagonalzugverstrebungen 172 arranged. To illustrate the guide scheme of the diagonal Zugverstrebungen invention are for simplicity only on a support base 154 and their immediately adjacent and / or unbound carrierbasses 153 . 155 . 156 . 157 . 158 . 158 . 159 and the carrier base 154 horizontally stabilizing diagonal tension elements 177 , as well as the arranged outside the composite foundations 170 and the associated Diagonalzugelemente 173 provided with item numbers.

to FIGS. 19 and 20

Since wind turbines are relatively far apart as far as possible for aerodynamic reasons, this requires in direct mutual linking of the carrier bases according to the 19 and 20 relatively long diagonal tensile train training. This inevitably leads to large sags - what as under "the prior art""dealtwith" - leads to an imprecise fixing of the support base with increased tendency to oscillate. It is therefore proposed not to connect the carrier bases directly with each other through the diagonal tensile cords, but rather to effect the cross-linking via foundations arranged therebetween which absorb the carrier base horizontally captivating tensile forces.

This is z. B. the central carrier base 176 with their six diagonal train connection bases 177 to 182 by means of diagonal tension cords 183 to 188 with the foundations anchored in the seabed 189 to 194 connected. These are in turn by means of Diagonalzugstränge 195 to 206 for their horizontal fixation with the carrier bases positioned in the vicinity 207 to 212 connected. Carrier bases sitting at the edge of the carrier base composite 213 require for a symmetrical stability assurance the connection 214 . 215 to individually seated foundations 216 . 217 ,

Another version with foundations arranged between the carrier bases for shortening the clamping length of the diagonal tensile strands is that several carrier bases with four diagonal-strand connection bases are combined in a rectangular formation to form an offshore wind farm. Although only two adjacent carrier bases always require this 218 / 236 . 218 / 237 . 218 / 238 . 218 / 239 a foundation. Nevertheless, this conception offers free-standing systems, each diagonal tension line being assigned its own foundation, a cheaper production.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Meeresboden

2

Wasseroberfläche

3

Trägersystem

3a, b, c, d, e, f

Arme (von 3)

4a–f

Ständer (an 3a–f)

5

Schwimmkörper

6a–f

Fundament

7a–f

Verankerungsseil

8a–f, 9a–f

Umlenkrolle

10a–d

Seilwinde

11a–d, 11d–a, 11b–e

Diagonalseilverspannung

11e–b, 11c–f, 11f–c

Diagonalseilvespannung

12a, d

Stützelement

13

Deckplatte

14

Windkraftmaschinenturm

15

Gondel

16

Konverter

17

Plattform

18

Kranbahn

19

Kran

20, 21

GPS Empfangseinrichtung

22

dreidimensionaler Lagesensor

23

Windgeschwindigkeitssensor

24

Mediumerkennungssensor

zu Fig. 3 und Fig. 4:

25

Meeresboden

26

Fundament

27

Wasseroberfläche

28

Trägerbasis

29

Ständer

30

Schwimmkörper (an 29)

31

Seilwinde (mit Seilvorrat)

32

Seilwinde (Spannungsregulator)

33

Seilwinde (aufspulende)

34

Seilstrang

34a, b, c, d, e, f

Seilstrangpartien

35

obere Umlenkrolle

36

untere Umlenkrolle

37

obere Umlenkrolle

38

Kraftsensor

39

obere Umlenkrolle

40

untere Umlenkrolle

41

obere Umlenkrolle

42

Kraftsensor

43

Diagonalversteifung

zu Fig. 4

44

Windengehäuse

45, 46

Windenwelle (von 29 u. 43)

47, 48

Seiltrommel

49, 50

Schneckenrad

51, 52

Schnecke

53, 54

Antriebsmotor

55

Windenwelle

56

Schneckenrad

57

Schnecke

58

Antriebsmotor

59

Seiltrommel

60a

Rille

60b

Rillenwulst

61

zylindrische Trommel

62

Leitzunge

63a, b

Seil-Führungseinrichtung

65

Wegsensor

66

elektron. Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung

67

Druckzylinder

68

Kolben

69, 70

Druckleitung

71

hydr. Schaltelement

72

Abflußleitung

73

Ölwanne

74, 75

Druckleitung

76

hydr. 4-Wege Schaltelemente

77

Abflussleitung

78

Druck-Versorgungsleitung

79

Druckölpumpe

80

Pumpenmotor

81

Überdruckventil

82

Winkelcodierer

zu Fig. 5

83

Wasseroberfläche

84

Trägerbasisarm

85

Durchbruch (in 84)

86

Führungsflansch

86a

Führungsnut (in 84)

87

Gewindestempel

87a

Gewinde (an 87)

88

Zugstab

89

Verdrehsicherung

90

Gewindeflansch

91

Schneckenradverzahnung (an 90)

92

Schnecke (an 93)

93

Motor

94

Fixierflansch

95a

Kabinenwand

95b

Kabinendeckel

96a

obere Ständerbasis

96b

Ständerrohr

97

Schwimmkörper

zu Fig. 7 und Fig. 8

98

Trägerbasisarm

99

Durchbruch (in 98)

100

Kettenradwelle

101

Schneckenrad

102

Schnecke

103

Motor

104

Kettenrad

105

Kettenlaschenaufnahmeprofil

106

Laschenkette

107

Führungsnoppen

108

Stander

109a

Kabinenwand

109b

Kabinendeckel

zu Fig. 8, Fig. 9 und Fig. 10

110

Trägerbasisarm

110a, b

Trägerbasisarmgabel

111

Achse

112a, b

Ständergabelarm

112c

Ständergabelwand

113

Ständerrohr

114

Schneckenradverzahnung (an 120b)

115

Schnecke

116

Elektromotor

117

Seil- oder Kettentrommel

118

Schneckenradverzahnung (an 117)

119

Schnecke

120

Elektromotor

121

Seil oder Kette

122a, b

Kabinenwand

122c

Kabinendach

123

Führungs- + Befestigungseinrichtung

124

Öse

125

Arretiereinrichtung

zu Fig. 1

126

Ständer (Rundprofil)

127

Abstützteller

128

Schwimmkörperhülle

128a

Hohlraum (in 120)

129

Druckluftleitung

130

Entwässerungsleitung

zu Fig. 12 und Fig. 13

131

Ständer (Sechskantprofil)

132

Abstützteller

132a

Umbördelung (an 132)

133

Schwimmkörpermantelpartie

134

Bodenplatte

134a

Umbörtelung (an 134)

135

Schwimmkörpersegmenthülle

136

Verbindungspartie (von 135)

137

Druckluftleitung

138

Druckluftversorgungssystem

139

Entwässerungsleitung

140

Entwässerungssystem

zu Fig. 14

141

Ständer

142

Manteldeckenplatte

143a, b, c, d

Mantelsegment

144

Mantelverschluß

145

Hohl- bzw Schwimmkörper

146

Schaumstoffgranulat

zu Fig. 15 und Fig. 16

147

Ständer

148

Luftkammersegment

149

Befestigungszungen (an 148)

150

Verschraubung

zu Fig. 17 und Fig. 18

151

Meeresgrund

152

Wasserspiegel

153–159

Trägerbasis

160

Windkraftanlage

161

Ständer

162

Schwimmkörper

163a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 153)

164a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 154)

165a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 155)

166a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 156)

167a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 157)

168a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 158)

169a, b, c, d, e, f

Fundamente (unter 159)

170

externes Fundament

171_{153a,b,c,d,e,f}

vertikale Zugelemente

171_{154a,b,c,d,e,f}

vertikale Zugelemente

171_{155a,b,c,d,e,f}

vertikale Zugelemente

171_{156a,b,c,d,e,f}

vertikale Zugelemente

171_{157a,b,c,d,e,f}

vertikale Zugelemente

171_{158a,b,c,d,e,f}

vertikale Zugelemente

172_154a–163d

diagonales Zugelement

172_154b–168e

diagonales Zugelement

172_154c-169f

diagonales Zugelement

172_154d–165a

diagonales Zugelement

172_154f–166b

diagonales Zugelement

172_154h–167c

diagonales Zugelement

173

Rand-Trägerbase

174

externes Fundament

175

Diagonalzugelement (zu 174)

zu Fig. 19

176

Trägerbasis

177–182

Diagonalzugstrang-Verbindungsbasis

183–188

Diagonalzugstrang

189–194

Fundament

195–206

Diagonalzugstrang

207–212

Trägerbasis

213

Randträgerbase

214, 215

Diagonalzugstrang

216, 217

Randfundament

zu Fig. 20

218

Trägerbasis

219–223

Diagonalzugstrang-Verbindungsbasis

224–227

Diagonalzugstrang

228–231

Fundament

232–235

Diagonalzugstrang

236–239

Trägerbasis

To Fig. 1 and Fig. 2:

1

Seabed

2

water surface

3

carrier system

3a, b, c, d, e, f

Arms (from 3 )

4a-f

Stand (on 3a -f)

5

float

6a-f

foundation

7a-f

anchor rope

8a-f, 9a-f

idler pulley

10a-d

winch

11a-d, 11d-a, 11b-e

Diagonal bracing cable

11e-b, 11c-f, 11f-c

Diagonal cable Vespa drying

12a, d

support element

13

cover plate

14

Wind machine tower

15

gondola

16

converter

17

platform

18

crane runway

19

crane

20, 21

GPS receiving device

22

three-dimensional position sensor

23

Wind speed sensor

24

Medium detection sensor

to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4:

25

Seabed

26

foundation

27

water surface

28

support base

29

stand

30

Float (at 29 )

31

Winch (with rope supply)

32

Winch (voltage regulator)

33

Winch (winding up)

34

cable strand

34a, b, c, d, e, f

Cable strand portions

35

upper pulley

36

lower pulley

37

upper pulley

38

force sensor

39

upper pulley

40

lower pulley

41

upper pulley

42

force sensor

43

Diagonal bracing

to Fig. 4

44

wind housing

45, 46

Winch shaft (from 29 u. 43 )

47, 48

cable drum

49, 50

worm

51, 52

slug

53, 54

drive motor

55

wind wave

56

worm

57

slug

58

drive motor

59

cable drum

60a

groove

60b

Rillenwulst

61

cylindrical drum

62

guide tongue

63a, b

Rope guiding device

65

displacement sensor

66

electron. Control and regulating device

67

pressure cylinder

68

piston

69, 70

pressure line

71

hydr. switching element

72

drain line

73

oil pan

74, 75

pressure line

76

hydr. 4-way switching elements

77

drain line

78

Pressure supply line

79

Pressure oil pump

80

pump motor

81

Pressure relief valve

82

encoders

to Fig. 5

83

water surface

84

Trägerbasisarm

85

Breakthrough (in 84 )

86

guide flange

86a

Guide groove (in 84 )

87

thread temple

87a

Thread (on 87 )

88

tension rod

89

twist

90

threaded

91

Worm gear (on 90 )

92

Snail (at 93 )

93

engine

94

fixing flange

95a

cabin wall

95b

cabin cover

96a

upper stand base

96b

stand pipe

97

float

to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8

98

Trägerbasisarm

99

Breakthrough (in 98 )

100

sprocket

101

worm

102

slug

103

engine

104

Sprocket

105

Link plate receiving profile

106

link chain

107

guide knobs

108

pennant

109a

cabin wall

109b

cabin cover

to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10

110

Trägerbasisarm

110a, b

Trägerbasisarmgabel

111

axis

112a, b

Ständergabelarm

112c

Stand Fork Wall

113

stand pipe

114

Worm gear (on 120b )

115

slug

116

electric motor

117

Rope or chain drum

118

Worm gear (on 117 )

119

slug

120

electric motor

121

Rope or chain

122a, b

cabin wall

122c

canopy

123

Guide + fastening device

124

eyelet

125

locking

to Fig. 1

126

Stand (round profile)

127

supporting pads

128

Float envelope

128a

Cavity (in 120 )

129

Compressed air line

130

drain pipe

to FIGS. 12 and 13

131

Stand (hexagonal profile)

132

supporting pads

132a

Beading (on 132 )

133

Float coat game

134

baseplate

134a

Conversion (at 134 )

135

Float segment shell

136

Connecting party (from 135 )

137

Compressed air line

138

Compressed air supply system

139

drain pipe

140

drainage system

to Fig. 14

141

stand

142

Coat ceiling panel

143a, b, c, d

casing segment

144

coat closure

145

Hollow or floating body

146

Polystyrene chip

to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16

147

stand

148

Air chamber segment

149

Fastening tongues (on 148 )

150

screw

to FIG. 17 and FIG. 18

151

seabed

152

water level

153-159

support base

160

Wind turbine

161

stand

162

float

163a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 153 )

164a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 154 )

165a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 155 )

166a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 156 )

167a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 157 )

168a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 158 )

169a, b, c, d, e, f

Foundations (under 159 )

170

external foundation

171 _{153a, b, c, d, e, f}

vertical tension elements

171 _{154a, b, c, d, e, f}

vertical tension elements

171 _{155a, b, c, d, e, f}

vertical tension elements

171 _{156a, b, c, d, e, f}

vertical tension elements

171 _{157a, b, c, d, e, f}

vertical tension elements

171 _{158a, b, c, d, e, f}

vertical tension elements

172 _154a-163d

diagonal tension element

172 _154b-168e

diagonal tension element

172 _154c-169f

diagonal tension element

172 _154d-165a

diagonal tension element

172 _154f-166b

diagonal tension element

172 _154h-167c

diagonal tension element

173

Edge-carrier base

174

external foundation

175

Diagonal tension element (to 174 )

to Fig. 19

176

support base

177-182

Diagonalzugstrang connection base

183-188

Diagonalzugstrang

189-194

foundation

195-206

Diagonalzugstrang

207-212

support base

213

Edge support base

214, 215

Diagonalzugstrang

216, 217

Rand foundation

to Fig. 20

218

support base

219-223

Diagonalzugstrang connection base

224-227

Diagonalzugstrang

228-231

foundation

232-235

Diagonalzugstrang

236-239

support base

Bibliography and contemplated patents [1] "Offshore Wind Power and Conservation: An Unresolvable Conflict?" Offshore Conference 2011 Berlin [2] "Floating Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines" 11th Hansesesail Business Forum 2011 (Prof Dr-Ing J. Großmann, Dipl.-Ing B. Schuldt) [3] "Offshore wind potentials for the German shipbuilding industry" study 2011 KPMG / VSM [4] "Investment efficiency is in the slipstream" BINE Informationsdienst 2012-01.05. Research report of C. c. Ossietzky Unives. Oldenburg Patent / registration Schiften Anm. date applicants description [5] EP 2 311 725 A3 2010-05.26 Gicon "Floating foundation with improved bracing" [6] DE 10 2009 054 608.1 2009-12.14. Gicon "Underwater system for plants" [7] DE 10 2009 044 278 A1 2009-10.16. year "Floating foundation with improved bracing" [8th] US 2008/0089 746 A1 2008. 2007-04-06. Enertag <DE Priority "Construction cof a Submerget Floating Foundation" [9] DE 10 2008 003 647 B4 2008-01.09. Gicon "Floating foundations with buoyancy components, in dissolved construction" [10] DE 10 2008 029 982 A1 2008-06.24. tuft "Stabilization and maintenance equipment for rope-tensioned seabed-mounted and anchored floating support structures for offshore EA [11] WO 2007 014 670 A1 2007 2005-08-04. Arcadis <DE Priority "Anchoring element for floating body arrangements" [12] EP 1 876 093 A1 2006-07.07. Arcadis "Floating offshore foundation and method for its production" [13] DE 2005 040 808 A1 2005-08.29. tuft "Equipment for the stabilization of floating offshore wind turbines including modified hydroelectric power generating turbines from the energy of the ocean current" [14] DE 10 2005 040 803 A1 2005-08.29. tuft "Combined floating wind u. Water Offsh. EA " [15] DE 10 2005 040 797 A1 2005-08.29. tuft "Floating carrier base for offshore wind turbines" [16] DE 102 19 062 A1 2002-04.29. tuft "Offshore wind energy plant" [17] UK 2 378 679 A 2001-08.16. Ocean Synergy GB "Floating offshore wind turbine" [18] DE 100 34 847 A1 2000-02.14. Maier form "Stationary positioning of functional units on or in the water" [19] DE 2054946 A 1970-11.17. Corso It. "Hydrostatic scaffolding with platform"

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2311725 A3 [0061]
• DE 102009054608 [0061]
• DE 102009044278 A1 [0061]
• US 2008/0089746 A1 [0061]
• DE 102008003647 B4 [0061]
• DE 102008029982 A1 [0061]
• WO 2007014670 A1 [0061]
• EP 1876093 [0061]
• DE 2005040808 A1 [0061]
• DE 102005040803 A1 [0061]
• DE 102005040797 A1 [0061]
• DE 10219062 A1 [0061]
• GB 2378679A [0061]
• DE 10034847 A1 [0061]
• DE 2054946A [0061]

Claims (10)

Floating support base for offshore wind turbines consisting of a frame formation supported by subsurface water floats with an offshore wind turbine in the center thereof, the support base itself being positioned both below and above the water level, in the latter case supporting the floating floats the supporting base is held in its vertical position by anchoring to the seabed largely vertically extending, conventionally made of rope existing tension members and their horizontal position is fixed by diagonally upwardly extending tension members, the buoyancy forces of the Float above the weight of the support base with the wind turbine including expected maximum occurring downward disturbing forces from wind pressure and waves as well as the downward ger vertical force vectors of oblique anchoring elements, characterized in that - the support base ( 3 . 28 . 84 . 98 . 110 ) is buoyant and formed with star-shaped horizontally extending arms at their outer ends ( 3a -F) vertical stands ( 4a -f, 96 . 108 . 113 . 126 . 131 . 141 . 147 ) with attached thereto, the support base carrying floats ( 5a -f, 30a , d, 97 . 128 . 135a -f, 148a -f, 142 - 146 ) are arranged, - arranged on the support base stand ( 4 . 29 . 96 . 108 . 113 . 126 . 131 ) with floats attached thereto ( 5 . 30 . 128 . 135 . 148 ) pivotally or slidably disposed on the support base and with a pivot or displacement drive ( 114 - 116 ), - the stands ( 4 . 29 . 96 . 108 . 113 ) hollow and the support base vertically fixing tension elements ( 70 . 34 . 88 . 106 . 121 ) are guided through them, - the floats alternatively from a) the stand ( 96 . 126 ) enclosing dimensionally stable hollow bodies ( 97 . 148 ), b one or more the stand ( 126 . 131 ) enclosing bend soft compressed air filled cases ( 128 . 135 ), c) a stand ( 141 ) enclosing housing ( 143 ) filled with a plurality of small floats of any kind, preferably foam granules, consists, - the support base ( 84 . 98 ) vertically and horizontally captive tension elements instead of conventional rope systems made of seawater resistant, solid and with larger wear volume, as well as less stress-resistant aging resistant tension elements ( 88 . 106 ), - the fastening device and method for the support base ( 3 . 28 ) vertically fixing tension elements is designed such that the clamping length of the tension elements and thus the distance of the support base to the seabed ( 1 . 25 ) can be varied, - when using cable work as a tension element for vertical fixation of the support base ( 3 . 28 ) his entire strand guide and its fixation devices are designed such that in addition to a Höhenregulierfunktion for the carrier base the active Seilwerkpartien drawn for inspection and maintenance purposes through the Seilführungsstrecke, and fresh rope sections can be recovered, the rope tensions in the pull-through and renewal process of the affected strands of rope reduced - the buoyancy forces of the floats ( 5 . 30 . 128 . 133 . 135 . 148 . 142 - 146 ) and their horizontal positioning to the partial weight loads imposed on them by the support base ( 3 ) are matched to each other including maximum occurring sea state and wind loads, that in case of failure of a floating body as well as reduced load driving through or renewing the active cable route - a stable equilibrium state for the entire floating system (under normal conditions of use and weather) is maintained. The tension element clamping length adjustment devices ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) an electronic control device ( 66 ) which, according to a predetermined algorithm, is assigned to a) vibration-damping or vibration-preventive activities based on actual value messages on board sensors ( 20 - 24 ) is calculated and controlled, - the traction element clamping length adjusting devices ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) associated electronic control and regulating device ( 66 ) and an on-board control and regulating device for controlling the operation of the wind turbine ( 15 / 16 ) Configuration of their hardware and software for communication with each other and are networked so that additionally or preventively predetermined, the vibration damping or vibration prevention functional and operating states on the wind turbine ( 15 ) with her generator ( 16 ) are initiated and effected. Floating support base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that the uprights, with their floats attached thereto, are secured to the support base in the following alternative ways: - the upright is slidably mounted in a vertical guide base, - the upright is rotatable about a rotation axis extending horizontally and parallel to a support base arm longitudinal axis, - the upright in a fork ( 110a . 110b ) of the carrier base arm ends ( 110 ) on a perpendicular to the carrier base longitudinal axis ( 111 ), pivotable both upwardly and under the support base towards the center, wherein the stand ( 113 ) at the upper end a fork ( 112a . 112b ) of which a fork spar ( 112b ) a Schneckenradverzahnung ( 114 ) with one on an electric motor ( 116 ) sitting snail ( 115 ) is engaged between the uprights ( 112a . 112b ) a cable drum ( 117 ) bespult with a designed as a rope or chain tension element ( 121 ) and with a Schneckenradverzahnung ( 118 ) which is provided with an on an electric motor ( 120 ) sitting snail ( 119 ) is engaged and the worm drive ( 114 / 115 . 118 / 119 ) is self-locking, the electric motor associated with the stator pivot drive ( 115 ) is arranged in an easily detachable for its assembly and disassembly mounting manner on the carrier base arm. Floating offshore wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that - vertically the support base ( 84 . 98 ) enthralling tension elements from one or more massive rods ( 131 ), - the clamping length of the massive tension element ( 103 ) is held by a vertically adjustable Befestigungsgungseinrichtung, - the fastening means of a with the rod ( 103a ) associated stamps ( 87 ) with an upper threaded portion ( 88a ) consists in one on the Trägerbasisarm ( 84 ) lying thread flange ( 90 ) which is fitted with a Schneckenradverzahnung ( 91 ) is provided with an on an electric motor ( 93 ) sitting snail ( 92 ) is engaged, wherein the worm drive ( 91 / 92 ) is self-locking, - the vertical tension rod ( 103 ) in a hollow formed on the support base ( 84 ) fixed stand ( 97 ) is guided displaceably. Floating offshore wind energy plant according to claim 1, characterized in that - the diagonal reinforcing elements ( 11 . 33 ) consist of solid rods, - the diagonal stiffening rods ( 11 . 33 ) at intervals - preferably at connection nodes of rod pieces - by vertically extending holding elements with the support base ( 3 . 28 ) are connected, in such a way that no or at least only a slight self-weight-induced sag can form, - the diagonal stiffening elements ( 11 . 33 ) consist of tubes or elongated lattices. - diagonal bracing elements ( 11 . 33 ) are designed as a closed float with such a matched volume-to-material ratio that the buoyancy largely corresponds to its own weight, Floating support base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that - vertically the support base ( 84 . 98 ) captivating traction elements made of solid by the stand ( 108 ) guided link chains ( 106 ), - these chains acting as tension elements are connected to the carrier base by means of a variable-length fastening device, - the fastening device is made of one of the chain ( 106 ) at least half-looped on the support base ( 98 ) mounted sprocket ( 104 ) consists of a chain-adapted form-fitting bearing pad, the sprocket a Schneckenradverzahnung ( 101 ) with one on an electric motor ( 103 ) sitting snail ( 102 ) is engaged, the positive connection between sprocket ( 106 ) and chain ( 108 ) by recessed on the circumference of the sprocket, the chain structure adapted wells ( 105 ), the worm drive ( 101 / 102 ) is self-locking, around and above the fastening and adjusting device ( 102 - 108 ) Cabin walls ( 100 . 101 ), the chain ( 106 ) formed by a hollow on the support base ( 98 ) fixed stand ( 108 ), - the chain ( 106 ) is made of such material or and is dimensioned in such a way that under the aggressive corrosive effects of seawater it fulfills the entire scheduled life of the wind turbines. Floating support base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the floating base carrying the support base alternatively depending on - one of the stand ( 96b ) fixed, surrounding him solid hollow body ( 97 ), - a group of several round and on the stand ( 147 ) fixed dimensionally rigid in cross section triangular hollow body ( 148 ), - one of the stands ( 126 ) enclosing bending soft largely barrel-shaped compressed air-filled envelope (Blimps) consists, wherein the stand ( 126 ) above the shell ( 128 ) a buoyancy force supporting the support plate ( 127 ), - from one on the stand ( 131 ) and enclosing housing ( 132 - 134 ) with housed in a circle-shaped compressed air-filled sheaths (Blimps) ( 135 ), the housing being such that individual envelopes ( 135a -F), - a stand ( 141 ) enclosing water-permeable, buoyant hollow bodies ( 145 ) or a buoyant granular substance ( 146 ), preferably foam granules) filled housing ( 143 ), b) the floats with leak water alarm and pressure sensors as well as leak water disposal and compressed air supply lines ( 139 . 137 ) are arranged on board the support base with the floats related appropriate facilities for lenzen possibly leaked leakage water from the floats and for filling with compressed air are arranged, which are designed so and connecting lines are so flexible that the floats or . whose components can be filled or emptied water for the purpose of low-assembly buoyancy or lowering forces water or air. Floating support base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of drawstrings consisting of cable work or chains for vertical restraint of the support base ( 3 . 28 ) the rope or chain arrangement and guidance is carried out in the following alternative ways, by: - a rope or chain end of a tension cord ( 7 ) at one in the seabed ( 1 . 25 ) anchored foundation ( 6 . 26 ) and the other end to an aboard the carrier base ( 3 . 28 ) arranged rope or chain winch ( 10 . 102 - 109 ), - in each case two opposite anchoring bases of the carrier base ( 28 ) of a rope ( 34 ) - or chain ( 106 ), wherein one end of the rope or chain on a rope or chain winch drum ( 31 ) is attached and this wraps, in continuation the rope or chain center ( 34a ) directly or via a pulley ( 35 ) as a vertical tensile strand ( 34b ) to one in one in the seabed 25 ) anchored pulley ( 36 ), then as a vertical tensile strand ( 34c ) back to the support base via a pulley ( 37 ) thereafter as a largely horizontally extending tensile strand ( 34d ) of a rope or chain winch ( 32 ) is supplied with frictional or positive contact, from there the rope or chain center as a largely horizontally extending tensile strand ( 34e ) via a deflection roller ( 38 ) to a deflection roller anchored in the seabed ( 40 ) and via a deflection roller located on the carrier base ( 41 ) as a largely horizontal tensile strand ( 34h ) of a rope or chain winch ( 33 ), in both cases a) and b) - on winches ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) a holding brake is arranged in the non-active operating state of the winches blocks any rotational movement, - instead of a holding brake a self-locking worm drive ( 49 / 51 . 50 / 52 . 56 / 57 ) Is used, - the cable drum ( 59 ) of the partial height regulation of the carrier base effecting winds ( 32 ) from the cable factory ( 34d . 30e ) is looped around at least once, - the rope fixing inspection and renewal device is designed and controlled in such a way that the passage through the rope lines and their renewal takes place with a moderate or strongly reduced tensile force of these cable strands concerned, b) when forming the tension cords as a chain, the chain drums of the partial height regulation of the carrier base causing winds ( 32 . 102 - 107 ) has a form-fitting acting on the chain structure Kettenradverzahnung and the winch drum ( 32 ) in the region of the positive connection with the chain a tangential leadership role ( 32a ) assigned. Floating carrier base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that - when forming the tension cords as a cable plant, the cable drums of the partial height regulation of the carrier base causing winds ( 32 ) adapted to the rope profile, Reibwertsteigernde and inner (support) tensions reducing groove profiling ( 60a , b) as well as a grooved and twistless cylindrical section ( 61 ) as a looping base when pulling through longer rope sections, - the cable drum ( 59 ) for removing and threading the rope ( 34e , d) from and into the profiling ( 60a ) has a specially formed transition part, - the groove profile transition part for threading the rope section ( 34e ) in that the end part of the rope drum bead ( 60b ) over a portion of a subsequently mounted loosely mounted cylindrical drum section ( 61 ) towers, - the cable drum facilities ( 63ea , b) for guiding the rope ( 34e , d) in the controlled passage of the rope from the profiled to the cylindrical drum section ( 61 ) and vice versa, - the cable guide arranged on both sides of the drum, by an actuator ( 65 ) with integrated or associated displacement sensor ( 64 ) axially moving guide elements ( 63a , b), wherein these offset by a groove pitch of the cable drum axially associated with each other, - the axial movement of the guide elements ( 63a , b) and the time of their unlatching from the forced guidance through the grooves ( 60a ) - in a predetermined manner by an associated control and regulation device ( 66 ), - the cable guiding device ( 63a , b) is operated by a linear motor with integrated displacement sensor, - the cable guide device ( 63a , b) alternatively actuated by a hydraulic actuating system, consisting of a hydraulic actuating cylinder ( 67 . 78 ) of a first its positive control or its drag phase determining hydraulic actuator ( 71 ) and a second, his ways and positions determining hydraulic actuator ( 76 ) supplied by a pressure medium supply device ( 79 . 80 . 81 ) are controlled, Floating support base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, 7, 8 and any other of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electronic computer, storage and control device ( 66 ) has the sensors assigned to it according to a predetermined algorithm based on actual value messages ( 20 - 24 . 36 . 39 . 64 . 82a , b) the following procedures are carried out: - Processes used to stabilize the floating wind turbine are calculated and control signals are sent to actuators ( 53 . 54 . 58 . 65 ), preferably or at least by programmed changing the clamping length of the support base vertically captivating tension elements ( 4 . 34 . 88 . 109 . 129 ), - in an adaptive way from previous status messages and subsequent actions in the presence of similar tendencies preventative manner calculated and issued control commands, - with a control management of the wind turbine ( 16 / 15 . 160 ) is networked in such a way that it calculated or certain vibration damping or -vorbeugende corrective to a the operation management of the wind turbine ( 15 / 16 ) causing control device to be transmitted, which forwards them to disturbance-influenceable or compensable components of the wind turbine, in the z. B. the air resistance of the converter ( 16 ) is changed by rotating the rotor blades, or by varying the load of the coupled generator, - are combined to effect additional vibration-damping or -vorbeugenderender actions with a the operation of the wind turbine controlling control and regulating device to a unit that is configured so that it performs the two functions above, - the functioning of the support base carrying floats ( 135 ) monitored from actual value messages arranged therein water level and pressure sensors and if necessary activated on-board existing Leckwaser dewatering or pressure supply devices and or dangers signaling to monitoring centers conducts - when a given operating time or bending cycle number of active cable strands ( 7 . 34 ) in a quiet disturbance-free operating state automatically a fresh rope route from stock of stored cable ( 47 ), wherein meanwhile the tensile load in the cable strand to a predetermined extent by a corresponding speed or rotation angle control at the lateral winches ( 31 . 33 is reduced, with one appropriate direction of rotation the cable drum ( 57 ) is driven beyond its operating angle of rotation spectrum to such an extent that the cable assignment from the grooved to the smooth, non-rotatable drum section ( 61 ), for the upcoming programmed re-threading of the rope section ( 34d ) in the grooved drum section, the direction of rotation of the drum) is controlled so and at a predetermined drum angle position of the "threading" bead ( 62 ) the cable guide devices ( 64 ) the rope strand to be threaded ( 34e ) presses in the first groove, after which at a central occupancy of the drum groove section through the cable plant ( 34e . 34d ) this again through the winches ( 31 . 33 ) in its taut operating state, - the electronic computer, memory and control device ( 66 ) is networked with at least three downstream or arranged on the floating wind turbine sensors: GPS communication capable receiving and transmitting device ( 20 . 21 ) three-dimensional position sensor ( 22 ) Wind speed meter ( 23 ) Medium detection sensor ( 24 ) Tension sensor ( 36 . 39 ) Path sensor ( 64 ) Angle encoder ( 82a , b, c) Floating carrier base for offshore wind turbines according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that a) in several combined to form an offshore wind farm floating wind turbines ( 160 ) their obliquely (diagonally) running anchoring elements ( 172 _154a-163d ), ( 172 _154b-168e ), ( 172 _154c-169f ), ( 172 _154d-165a ), ( 172 _154f-166b ), ( 172 _154h-167c ) on the foundations ( 163c . 168e . 169f . 165a . 166b . 1676c ) of adjacent carrier bases ( 153 . 158 . 159 . 155 . 156 . 157 ), - the floating support bases ( 154 - 157 ) by means of six tension members acting vertically and six diagonally on them ( 171 ) and ( 172 ) above or below the water surface ( 152 ), carried by on stands ( 161 ) arranged floats ( 162 ), - the floating support bases thus interconnected are fixed by means of four tension members vertically and four diagonally acting on them, their preceding and following arrangement and anchoring modes corresponding to those of the support bases with six anchoring elements, - the floating ones Carrier bases are positioned to each other so that the each standing in the center support base ( 154 ) of six carrier bases ( 153 . 158 . 159 . 155 . 156 . 157 ) is encircled largely at the same distance and the same angle assignment and the diagonal tension elements ( 172 _154a-163d ), ( 172 _154b-168e ), ( 172 _154c-169f ), ( 172 _154d-165a ), ( 172 _154f-166b ), ( 172 _154h-167c ) have substantially the same lengths, - the outwardly directed oblique anchoring elements ( 175 ) at the edge of the composite seated carrier bases ( 173 ) by diagonal tension elements ( 175 ) with separate foundations outside the composite ( 174 b) in the case of floating support bases ( 176 ) 207 - 212 ) 218 . 236 - 239 ) with their wind turbines their diagonal anchoring strands ( 183 - 188 ) 224 - 227 ) in the seabed between the adjacent carrier bases ( 176 . 207 - 212 ) and ( 218 . 236 - 239 ) separately seated foundations ( 189 - 194 ) 228 - 231 ), wherein - the carrier bases and foundations are associated with one another such that at least half of the diagonal tensile cords of a carrier base are connected to foundations also used by adjacent carrier bases, - the carrier bases configured with six diagonal tensile cords ( 176 ) 207 - 212 ) are grouped in a hexagonal shape, - the carrier bases designed with four diagonal tensile strands ( 118 . 228 - 231 grouped in a quadrangular shape, c) the diagonal anchoring elements ( 11 . 43 . 172 ) of the floating wind turbine are fixed to foundations of adjacent underwater pressure energy storage vessels.

Images