DE102012011491A1 - Underwater-compressed air-energy storage for storage of energy and for its regenerative recovery in power supply networks, has closed pressure receptacle for accommodating and storage of compressed air or such gaseous medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The underwater-compressed air-energy storage has a closed pressure receptacle for accommodating and storage of compressed air or such gaseous medium, where walls of a pressure medium reservoir consist of a flexible or elastic sea-water resistant material. The pressure medium reservoirs are positioned in direct proximity or in the near area of a plant generating the regenerating energy, and are used for storage of energy-containing gases or gaseous raw materials.

Description

State of the art

With the upcoming dominating energy supply from regenerative energy resources the problem exists that the favored renewable energy sources wind power and solar energy can not guarantee a uniform energy supply offer depending on the weather and the time of day. The development of suitable high-performance energy storage devices for bridging supply bottlenecks or ensuring electrical energy at all times in peak demand phases is therefore a mandatory requirement for securing a constantly secure energy supply. An aspired uniform or uniform utilization of the network connections that can be achieved is also of economic importance. In the references [1] to [8] the compelling need of such facilities is clarified and solutions are dealt with. In particular, the development of compressed air technology is listed chronologically in [8]. It also mentions existing plans for compressed air storage projects and mentions them in practice. In particular, in [1] the need for daytime balancing of electricity production and consumption - based on real, current facts - is clearly apparent. Well-known and long since realized, but unfortunately only too low expansion potentials are pumped storage power plants in domestic region. The energy supply industry also favors large-volume compressed air energy storage in salt caverns. However, their availabilities are limited, and their safe, consistent tightness is still in doubt. Also, the network connection of mostly distant salt rocks from the place of extraction of renewable energies requires high investment.

There are also efforts and propaganda from the University of Nottingham on the subject of storing pressure energy in "energy bags" under water. In it, harmful anticipations to present inventive design features are not recognizable by the applicant.

The patent applications [9] to [12] were also considered, which correspond largely to their objective but not in their execution features of the present application.

• – wirtschaftlich herzustellender Unterwasser-Druckluft-Energiespeichergefäße bzw. Energiespeicheranlagen, die weitgehend vor Ort der Gewinnung erneuerbarer Energie zur Pufferung fluktuierender Energie eingesetzt werden können, sowie eine Vergleichmäßigung der Auslastung der ohnehin temporär überlasteten oder unterversorgten Stromnetze bewirken,
• – volumen-, lagerungs- und transportgünstige Unterwasser-Druckspeichergefäßkonzeption,
• – installations-, inspektions-, wartungs- und reparaturfreundliche Unterwasserdruckgefäßausführungen,
• – Unterwasser-Druckspeichergefäße bzw. Druckspeicheranlagen die gleichermaßen zur Speicherung energiehaltiger Gase oder ihrer Komponenten eingesetzt werden können mit den vorteilhaften vorstehenden Funktions- und Ausbildungsmerkmalen,
• – installations- und betriebsgünstige Anordnungs- bzw. Platzierungsweisen der den Speicher- und Rückspeiseprozess bewirkenden Aggregate.

The task and goal of the present inventive concept is creation

• - Economically produced underwater compressed air energy storage vessels or energy storage systems that can be largely used locally for the production of renewable energy to buffer fluctuating energy, as well as equalize the utilization of the already temporarily overloaded or underserved power grids,
• - volume, storage and transport favorable underwater pressure vessel vessel concept,
• - installation, inspection, maintenance and repair-friendly underwater pressure vessel designs,
• - Underwater pressure storage vessels or accumulators which can be equally used for storing energy-containing gases or their components with the advantageous above functional and training features,
• - Installation and operational arrangements of placement of the storage and recovery process causing aggregates.

The solution is achieved with the stated in the claims and in the descriptions of the embodiments inventive embodiments of the subject invention.

The achievable advantages of the embodiment features of the invention will become apparent from the descriptions of the embodiments. They are mainly based on the resulting advantages that the pressure vessel at the bottom arranged connection to the free seawater allows adjusting the storage space on the Füllungsgrat the energy storage medium and the accumulator pressure thus largely constant corresponds to the sea water pressure, thereby at substantially the same internal and external pressure on his Wall a cost-low and by a simple lightweight construction for its storage, transport and installation a volume reducible favorable Druckgefäßausführungsweise is enabled, the moreover the energy conversion causing pneumatic power machines due to the largely same storage pressure optimally working (without complex Schaufelverstelleinrichtungen) can be designed. In particular, with the relatively cost-low Druckspeichergefäßausfürungen invention can be a daytime compensation (largely on-site extraction) of z. T. surplus generated and required power can be effected.

embodiments

Shown schematically:

1 to 4 arranged on a stand anchored in the seabed volume variable pressure vessels, wherein

1 the pressure vessel in a sectional view of a bag-shaped, the stator enclosing bellows flexible and elastic Consistency exists, with largely full pressure medium filling

2 a half-side plan view sectional view of 1 represents,

3 the side view in a sectional view around the stand arranged pressure medium storage vessels of flexible and elastic consistency represents.

4 a half-side plan view in section of 3 shows, with both full and partially filled filling

5 to 8th arranged on a foundation plate anchored in the seabed volume variable pressure vessels, wherein

5 in half-side sectional view of a pressure medium storage vessel with corrugated side walls of flexible consistency and filling-dependent vertical extent,

6 the half-side plan view sectional view of 5

7 in half-side sectional view of a pressure medium storage vessel of a cup-shaped rigid base and a patch cup-shaped, designed as a bellows inwardly foldable top of flexible and elastic consistency

8th a top view sectional view of 7

9 and 10 a largely horizontally anchored to the seabed, consisting of a flexible shell without rigid frame existing cylindrical or cylindrical Druckmediunspeichergefäß, said

9 in a sectional view with half full and half-sided partial filling

10 the top view in section of 9 represents,

11 to 13 a largely horizontally anchored to the seabed consisting of a flexible shell with rigid Verstreifungsringen existing cylindrical or cylindrical, in front of its filling state dependent pressure medium storage vessel, its locking is effected on its foundation base by longitudinally displaceable arranged on the outside stiffening locking means, wherein

11 the side view in longitudinal section in the filled state,

12 a cross-sectional sectional view

13 a partial section in section in the largely empty (collapsed in the longitudinal axis) operating state represents.

14 to 16 a largely horizontally anchored to the seabed from a flexible casing with rigid, preferably rectangular stiffening frame existing pressure medium storage vessel with längserstreckendem rectangular profile, wherein its locking is effected on its foundation base by sliding outside arranged on the umklappbaren about a vertical axis Verstreifungsrahmen locking means, wherein

14 the side view in longitudinal section in the filled state,

15 a cross-sectional sectional view,

16 a partial section in the section in the largely empty operating state (at collapsed in the longitudinal direction and folded stiffening frame halves represents

17 and 18 a compressed air or gas energy storage system increased storage capacity of several arranged on the seabed in a cross-shaped arrangement manner to an aggregate space with each other by means of pipelines compressed air storage vessels preferably after 9 to 16 , in which

17 a sectional view of a wing of the accumulator vessel series formation of the system,

18 represents the top view of a part of this pressure vessel formation.

19 . 20 and 21 a compressed air or gas energy storage system of high storage capacity of several arranged on the seabed in a radial arrangement arrangement around an aggregate space compressed air storage vessels, with a buoyant on the sea surface buoy with the storage and recovery process complementary or effecting, as well as the inspection and maintenance of the plant serving facilities , in which

19 a half-side plan view of the underwater energy storage system

20 a side view in section of the plant

21 a sectional view of the aggregate space on the seabed associated with the sea surface floating buoy represents.

22 and 23 a rooted in the seabed tower with several arranged pressure medium storage vessels preferably after 1 to 8th with on or in it integrated facilities for inspection and maintenance and arranged thereon aggregates for effecting the storage and recovery process and / or for the production of energy-containing gases by means of excess current, said

22 a sectional view of the tower,

23 a half-plan view sectional view of 22 represents.

24 and 25 an around a wind turbine and several arranged on the tower turbomachinery for the use of ocean currents extended version of 22 and 23 , in which

24 a half-plan view sectional view of the tower with a arranged on him water engine with its housing side walls,

25 Side view games of the tower with a sectional view of the hydropower seat bases and side view tower sections with an aggregate cabin with a tower mounted thereon with a wind turbine, represents

26 and 27 a arranged on a cliff of the sea, a lake or a dam compressed air or gas storage facility consisting of a arranged on the cliff rail system with integrated assembly, inspection and maintenance facilities for storage vessels arranged thereon, as well as one on the cliff above the water level installed solar system and on adjacent mainland arranged wind turbines, wherein

26 the side view of a cliff equipped in this way,

27 the frontal view too 26 represents.

28 and 29 Sectional views of inventive foundation designs for fixing under high buoyancy forces underlying underwater bodies, preferably pressure medium storage vessels, with Ausgestaltungsweisen for their economic installation and attachment in the seabed, said

28 a foundation concept for separate pressure storage vessels or pressure storage formations of wide extent,

29 a foundation concept in a narrow, longitudinally extending design, primarily as carrier webs for crane runways for underwater cranes (for their own installation and other components of the energy storage system)

Descriptions of the embodiments:

To Fig. 1 and Fig. 2:

The compressed air storage vessel consists of a flexible, elastic balloon-shaped shell 6 (Blimps) the one around one in the seabed 1 anchored foundation 3 / 4 sitting stand 5 is arranged. Their attachment to the stand is effected by the edges of the top and bottom openings arranged on a stand 5 arranged flanges 7a and 7b abut and through a cover plate 8a and 8b by means of screws 9 be tightly clamped. The compressed air supply and discharge takes place through an opening 10 in the pipe 5 whose interior is via a pipeline 11 is connected to a pneumatic engine with a coupled electric machine. To effect an economical storage process, a heat storage is expediently interposed. The illustrated pressure vessel shape corresponds to a largely filled operating state; a folded state of the pressure vessel shell 6 when the filling is largely empty, the (clipping) casing section is clarified 12 , The main advantage of this compressed air reservoir according to the invention is that with a pressure difference between the inside and outside hardly exerted on the Hüllwandung in such large volume aspired pressure vessels their construction or production, installation, maintenance and, if necessary, a repair can be carried out very economically. This also applies to upcoming concepts.

To Fig. 3 and Fig. 4:

To get one on the 1 and 2 same foundation 3 / 4 fixed stand 13 Several are largely made of a shell 14 . 15 existing, arranged in the height of compressed air vessels arranged. They have in cross-section in the horizontal plane approximately a circle-cut shape and are in the vertical extent with stiffening webs 16 (preferably consisting of tubes) provided. Respectively arranged stiffening webs are by means of flexible connecting elements 17 connected to each other with such a longitudinal extent that the maximum width dimension of the pressure vessels is limited so that adjacent pressure vessels 14a and 14b in the filled State not over a large area abut each other and the desired pressure balance between the internal pressure and the pressure of the free seawater 2 partially not disturbed, with optimal or maximum training of the storage space. The attachment of the storage cases 14 . 15 on the stand 13 cause inside with a convex contour fitting fastening strips 18 and externally with a concave contour fitting fastening strips 17 by means of fasteners 19 (preferably screws) to the stand 13 be pressed. A proposed, for the production and installation favorable conception is that the storage vessels 14 . 15 remain open on the inner side during production and overlap on the stand during assembly 13 be clamped. Pos. 14a and 14b illustrate the storage vessel shell deployment at full fill, 15b at largely empty compressed air filling.

To Fig. 5 and Fig. 6

On the seabed 24 with foundation piles 25 anchored foundation plate 26 the storage floor plate sits 27a on the one above closed undulating in height and retractable, by means of a flange 29 to the base plate 27 pressed storage case 28 sitting. 28a illustrates the storage enclosure in the filled, 28b in the largely empty state, the assigned inner volumes illustrate the pos. 30a and 30b , The compressed air supply and discharge takes place by means of a compressed air pipe protruding into the storage space and connected to a pneumatic engine operated as pump and turbine 31 ,

To Fig. 7 and Fig. 8

Analogous to 5 and 6 seated on the foundation 25 . 26 as a basis 32a a cup-shaped rigid storage vessel lower part on the side wall 33 above also a cup-shaped invisible upper part 34 by means of a clamping ring 35 screwed on. 34a illustrates the upper storage sheath formation in the filled, 33b and 34c in largely empty memory state. The compressed air supply and discharge takes place through a into the storage space 36 projecting, connected to a run as a pump and turbine pneumatic engine compressed air pipe 36 , The pos. 36a and 36b illustrate the volume relations in the full and largely empty state of the memory.

To Fig. 9 and Fig. 10

The long-stretching on the seabed 38 on the foundation plate 40 with their foundation piles 39 by means of fastening elements 43 fixed storage vessel consists of a flexible flexible shell 41 , It is spaced at intervals of flexible band elements 42 includes, at those at connection points 43a the fasteners 43 attack. Pos. 42a roughly illustrates the envelope contour in the filled, 42b in almost empty condition. These from several circular ring lots 41 and the front end part 42c existing envelope construction allows cost-effective production and space-saving storage and transport. The largely bilateral acting on the shell same surface pressures allow a relatively low cost of materials. The supply and discharge of a gaseous energy carrier medium via the projecting into the storage space pipeline 44 , As described in more detail below, this pipe is connected via an intermediate heat exchanger / storage with a pneumatic engine with a coupled electric machine in conjunction, which also applies to the above embodiments.

Common Aspects of FIGS. 1 to 10:

In general, the energy storage capacity can be increased by increasing the operating pressure in the memory on the surrounding water pressure, which of course leads to a one-sided pressurization of the storage vessel shell. This is contrary to the actual objective, the creation of a pressure in the construction cost and installation pressure storage vessel, but can still be utilized within limits. In practice, the available material and manufacturing technology for the compressed air storage vessel will be crucial. Since (smaller) leaks in the shell are practically never completely ruled out, which would result in the ingress of seawater reducing the compressed air storage space and thus a reduction of the energy storage potential, a prophylactic (not shown) arrangement of a bilge pump for the compressed air storage according to the invention is proposed controlled by float switch invaded water away. Of course, such actions are detrimental to memory efficiency, but they prevent or at least delay a total failure of the affected memory. To this problem is added that in the invention described below use and arrangement of compressed air vessels particular attention to a (n) advantageous (s) replacement bez. Repair was laid. To support the storage management including the regenerative energy recovery in the power grid, the arrangement (not always shown) appropriate sensors are provided in the compressed air storage vessels. To accommodate the large buoyancy forces of large-volume underwater body, the foundation design and method of manufacture according to the invention is according to the Descriptions too 26 and 27 and the claims of claim 11 recommended.

For FIGS. 11 to 13:

This one on in the seabed 45 on a foundation plate 47 with their foundation piles 46 fixed storage vessel consists of one, several successively arranged frame rings 52 spanning closed foldable shell 53 , The frame rings 52 are by means of stands 49 in on the foundation plate 47 fixed foundation rails 48 axially parallel to the storage vessel by means of rolling or sliding elements 50 slidably locked. Depending on the filling ridge of the storage vessel, the distances of the frame rings are set 52 with the adjusted to full filling connection bases of the shell and thus the storage volume. This is illustrated 11 the positions of the frame rings 52 in the filled memory state and 13 with the conditional hull folds 53b in the largely empty filling state of the storage vessel. The cause of the emptying process is the collapse of the frame rings 52 and folding the sheath parts 53b caused by the external water pressure with decreasing internal pressure during the emptying process of the memory, with increasing filling, the storage volume change process takes place in the reverse manner. This storage vessel volume variation takes place starting from one, by means of a blocking device 51 arrested center frame ring 52a to both sides. Within or on this fixed frame ring 52a is a projecting into the upper region of the pressure vessel pressure medium line 54 arranged to supply and discharge of the pressure medium. An adjoining connecting line 55 leads to a pneumatic engine or or and a procedural device for generating energy-containing gases or integrated into a wind turbine compressor. For pumping out (certainly hardly sure to avoid) leakage water accumulations in the pressure vessel - which would lead in extreme cases to the complete failure of the storage function - is in the lower level a leak water discharge nozzle 56 arranged over the ring channel 57 and the subsequent connection line 58 with a (m) Lenzeinrichtung or bilge system is in communication. Not shown are arranged in the storage enclosure sensors for detecting the memory management parameters serving such. B. the degree of filling or a harmful leakage water level. To ensure a largely continuous displaceability of the frame rings 52 with their sliding or rolling devices 50 in or on the foundation rails 48 are in front of the sliding or rolling bases 50 (snowplow-like) blade formations are installed which clean the guideway when shifting seabed stocking or sediment deposits (scrapping). Also motor driven cleaning devices are provided for use, which are controlled by the control and regulating device of the memory. Present storage concept with the variability of the volume of the storage enclosure is also (in the contracted state) a (s) space-saving storage and transport to the good.

To Fig. 14 to Fig. 16

In essence, this accumulator embodiment corresponds to the 11 to 13 , Alternatively, a closed shell sits 67 on a rectangular frame 66 from two frame halves 66a and 66b , the top and bottom of a vertical column 65 attached to its axis hinged. On at least one of the columns ( 65b ) is the joint base as an annular channel 68b formed on the storage vessel inside a drainage nozzle 68a and into a pipeline leading outside to a drainage system 69 empties. The frame halves 66a and 66b can by means of their stands 65 arranged rolling or sliding bodies 64 in the foundation rails 62 be moved parallel to the storage vessel longitudinal axis. At least one pillar 65b is designed as an inlet and outlet line for the pressure medium and opens into the lying outside the storage vessel connection line 70 , The volume variability of this storage vessel is also determined here by Füllungsgrat, in the emptying process, the predominant on the front page 67b acting external (water) pressure pushing together the frame 66 and folding the hulls 67a inside as in Pos. 67b shown, the storage volume is reduced. When filling is the reverse process. A major advantage of the "Volumenvariierbarkeitsweise" this accumulator vessel design is additionally that for the storage (in the shipyard), for the transport and for the arrival and contribution of their width extension can be limited.

Proposed equally to FIGS. 11 to 16 are also:

Means for fixing the vertical and rectangular position of the frame 52 . 66 to the storage enclosure longitudinal axis, which alternatively consists of:
telescopically movable into one another on the frame axially parallel fasteners,
scissors-type fasteners extending in a horizontal plane,
or consist of multiple longitudinally juxtaposed rolling or sliding bases per frame;
Furthermore, means for cleaning or clearing the inner tracks of the foundation rails 48 and 62 of marine and sediment stock. For this purpose, the arrangement of (in their effect snow plow-like) blades in front of the rolling or sliding bodies 50 and 64 proposed, as well as motor-driven, remotely controlled rotary cleaning devices.
Against marine and especially sediment is also an increased arrangement of the foundation plates 47 and 61 or the foundation rails 48 and 62 opposite the seabed 45 and 59 provided, see below 26 and 27 ,
To increase the efficiency of storage concepts 11 to 16 There are other aspects to consider:
The energy storage capacity can generally be increased by increasing the operating pressure in the reservoir via the external water pressure, resulting in a one-sided pressurization of the storage vessel shell. Although this is the actual objective, the creation of a pressure in the construction cost pressure storage vessel without unilateral pressure, contrary, but can still be utilized within limits. In practice, the available material and production technology for the compressed air storage envelope will be decisive. Since (minor) leaks in the shell are practically never completely ruled out, which would result in a reduction of the compressed-air storage space and thus a reduction of the energy storage potential upon penetration of seawater, a prophylactic arrangement (not shown) of a separate bilge pump is proposed for these compressed-air accumulators according to the invention, the controlled by float switch penetrated water removed. Of course, such actions are detrimental to memory efficiency, but they prevent or at least delay a total failure of a memory so affected. In addition, it should be noted that in the use and arrangement modes according to the invention, in particular in the multi-arrays of compressed air vessels described below, special attention was paid to an advantageous maintenance, repair and replacement options. To support the storage management including the regenerative energy recovery in the power grid, the arrangement (not always shown) appropriate sensors are provided in the compressed air storage vessels. To accommodate the large buoyancy forces large-volume underwater body is incorporated in the inventive concept foundation design and -Herstellungsweise after 26 and 27 with the claim features of the dependent claim 10 recommended.

To Fig. 17 and Fig. 18

To achieve a high energy storage capacity are on the seabed 72 several compressed air storage vessels 77 / 78 through compressed air lines 81a , b, c, d with each other and with the center cabin positioned in the center 84 connected, which holds the storage process causing aggregates. In the present embodiment, an energy storage system, are the compressed air storage vessels used 77 / 88 largely according to the characteristics of 9 and 10 and the claim 7 and running in a favorable for the installation and maintenance placement frontally adjacent to one after 26 and 27 and claim 11 described foundation platform 74 in a row formations on both sides of each crane runway 82a and 82b arranged. This pass through several arranged in different axial directions accumulator vessel rows 77 / 78a -H, whereby at the intersecting crane runways 82a . 82b through links 83a , b with points a rail change and maneuvering in the transverse and vertical direction positively guided, longitudinally movable underwater crane 85 is possible. To ensure an always present vertical and transverse positive engagement between crane runway and crane undercarriage for the critical crane crossing points and switch areas in this regard, it is proposed that the distances of the wheels (in the longitudinal direction, of course) are performed side by side, so that in a vierrädrigen chassis always for three wheels a height - And side fixing is ensured. Not shown are expedient, if not necessary, belonging to the prior art, the memory management supporting sensors in the compressed air vessels and their connecting lines to the unit station 84 , as well as measuring, control and supply lines to servo devices such. B. actuator to shut-off valves 80 , The aggregate cabin 84 may also be alternatively positioned in a different way, e.g. B. over the water surface on a tower founded in the seabed or in a floating on the water surface anchored in the seabed buoy, the riser connecting lines are made flexible.

To Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21

To multiply the energy storage capacity are on the seabed 87 on the foundation plate 89a , e with their anchoring posts 88 Compressed air energy storage vessels 90a -E in a circular arrangement around an engine cab 95 arranged, in which the storage process causing aggregates are housed. The underwater pressure accumulator 90 can be of any kind, preferably carried out according to one of the 1 to 16 described type, in the present presentation they correspond to the 1 . 6 and 8th , The ones on their foundation plate 94 fixed cabin 95 has on its top a working platform 96 and one through a door 98 reachable pressure lock 97 on, from there a flap leads 99 into the interior of the engine cab 95 , Between the circularly positioned compressed air reservoirs 90 and the aggregate cabin 95 is on a crane runway foundation 91 with a crane runway 91 a mobile and swiveling crane 93 arranged. According to the proposal, it is intended for multiple actions, whereby it is primarily used for the construction and installation of the entire energy storage system on the seabed advantageously. In this case, its installation is carried out in such a way that crane runway segments including base plate segments lowered onto the seabed, positioned and interconnected, then carried by the foundation plate (according to the under 28 and 29 described procedure) drilling the pile bores and filling them. By means of the crane, the other heavy construction and assembly actions are effected, as the production of the other foundations 89 . 94 and setting the unit cab to be lowered from the water surface and the compressed air reservoir. To achieve the greatest possible energy storage capacity, further storage vessel circular ring formations can be arranged around the crane runway 91 be arranged, then appears the arrangement of several intervening crane runs appropriate. The compressed air supply to the compressed air storage vessels 90 takes place through to the unit cab 96 leading interconnectors 100a -E ever a shut-off 101 to a ring line 102 via a flow channel with a pump and turbine operable pneumatic engine 103 connected to an operable as a motor and generator electric machine 104 is in a rotary joint. The other flow channel side 105 The pneumatic engine goes in to the water surface 86 leading riser 106 over, which means to one in the seabed 81 anchored ropes 114 positioned buoy 113 leads and is held by her. The riser 119 Of course, in order to compress downwards and upwards into the free atmosphere for release or release, it must be structured so that the buoyancy-induced vertical and horizontal buoyancy movements of the buoy are not unduly burdensome. Similarly, the rope connection of the buoy requires some freedom. An alternative buoy fixation can order in that the riser 106 designed for higher tensile loads or connected to a pull rope is designed. buoy 113 has a platform 115 for deploying divers and maintenance personnel and materials from helicopters or ship cranes, or or, if sea conditions permit, for use as a helicopter landing pad. From the deck is through an entry door 116 through a subsequent course 117 a downwardly open space 118 reachable for descending divers or lowering materials. The riser 106 is freely guided in the area of the free space so that a holding and guiding base sliding on it or around it 119 can be placed and guided for divers or materials. A wind device arranged above the free space 108 serves the vertical transfer of divers and small materials. Alternatively or additionally, an elevator car can be used. From the deck is over a lock 121 Furthermore, a team or material room 122 reachable. Since turbomachinery, in particular turbomachinery, vacuum acted upon suction sides of their efficiency and cost-efficiency are detrimental - which is to be expected at long Saugstrecken - is preferably in front of the air duct outlet 123 To avoid an excessively large suction negative pressure, a tube turbine 124 arranged, of course, at another point in the air line 106 can be arranged. Since further large-scale hollow structures are unlikely to be kept absolutely leak-free and penetrated sea water reduces the compressed air storage space, in extreme cases, the memory would be completely disabled with full water filling, drainage facilities are provided. In the illustration is for it in the unit cab 95 a bilge pump 110 with a flanged engine 111 provided by a loop 109 with arranged in the branches shut-off valves 108 via connecting lines 107a , c Leakage water from the accumulators and the unit cab sucks and a check valve 112 returns to the free seawater.

To Fig. 22 and Fig. 23

On one in the seabed 125 great buoyancy forces and high bending loads 128a , b-mounted tower are at him around seabed near pressure accumulator housing 131 -D attached. The tower consists essentially in the foundation 128a cemented or screwed largely vertically leading trusses 129 with usual bracing 130 , wherein the trusses have such a profile, - preferably a U-profile - and are positioned so directed that they serve as a guide and mounting base for storage holders 132 serve. Over the water surface 127 is a machine room at the tower 133 arranged with a platform 133a for depositing maintenance personnel and materials by helicopter, ship cranes or own crane. For the latter is above the engine room 133 a circular crane runway 134 arranged in a crane truck 135 with his crane arm 136 is guided. Inside the tower is another vertically guided truss system 137 arranged as a guide base for a Passenger and material elevator cab 138 serves, but is also designed as a reinforcing component of the tower. The cabin 138 , which is intended especially for underwater for feeder services, is of course tight and executed with a pressure lock 138 Mistake. In assembly and inspection relevant height areas are in the tower Arbeitsplateaus 146 appropriate for divers. A mounted in the upper tower area winch 140 takes over the lifting of the cabin by means of a rope mechanism 141 , b its rope section acting on the cab below 141b via a pulley 142 is diverted. The compressed air storage housings 131 are guided during their installation, maintenance or repair by their holding and guiding device 132 , in the vertical trusses 129 from one in the engine room 45 installed winch 144 by means of the rope work 145a , b lowered or lifted, wherein the cable strand acting on the bottom of the storage vessel by a deflection roller 146 is diverted. The holding and guiding device attached to the storage vessel 132 not shown, the trusses 130 associated clamping or fastening devices. At the discretion of the plant operator, the rope can 145 remain permanently stationary or not in contrast to the rope 141 the cabin 138 , which should be in constant readiness for inspection and maintenance work. Also the on-board crane 136 such assignments are intended. When using pressure storage vessels according to 3 and 4 alternatively leads from the pressure vessel 41a and 14b a compressed air line 147 to an upward leading compressed air riser 148 through a heat exchanger 149 - used to effect an economic adiabatic energy conversion - to the engine room compressor and turbine 133 sitting pneumatic working machine 150 whose other flow path opens into the free atmosphere. The on 150 coupled electric machine 151 works as a motor in the storage process, in the regenerative energy back conversion as a generator generating electricity. For accumulators according to 4 leads from the pressure vessel 131d Starting from a lower area, a compressed air line 152 also to a pneumatic engine 150d with the connected electric machine 151d , It is proposed in addition to a modification of the tower without image representation in such a way that it carries a wind turbine in place of the crane in continuation of an extended height extension. In addition, then around the cabin 133 (not exclusively) a crane runway with a crane arranged.

To Fig. 24 and Fig. 25

At the pressure vessels 131 holding and leading tower crossbars 129 is on the windward side of the tower above the pressure vessels 131 in a flow-intensive altitude range in the same way by means of fastening holding devices 158 a gondola 159 with a hydraulic engine stored in it 160 arranged, via a fast translating planetary gear 161 an electric generator 162 drives. Preferably at a different height level are laterally of the tower also on the tower crossbeams 129 lateral flow sensing additional hydroelectric engines 163 with a coupled generator 164 attached. These are preferably designed in the manner of a tubular turbine and in a channel focusing the ocean current 165 arranged concentrically. For efficient detection and use of the ocean current, several such hydroelectric engines are provided one above the other next to the tower. To develop the largest possible inflow area and their focusing is the Einlautkanalbereich 165a with its lateral walls 167a and 167b preferably rectangular. In front of the tube turbine 163 / 164 go in a round cross-section 167c above. Behind the narrowest flow area 165d extends in the area in the velocity energy of the medium flowing through was transmitted to the impeller of the outflow 166 with its walls 168a and 168b adapted to the slowed flow.

To increase the efficiency of the energy conversion - at least to avoid a congestion effect in the discharge area 166 - is one on the drainage area 166 acting suction generating injector device provided. This is generated by utilizing the flow energy of other lateral parts of the sea. For this purpose is the side of the outer turbine walls 167b . 168b a Meerwasserleitwandung 169 arranged with a longitudinal structuring such that the Durchströmquerschnittverlauf between it and the wall system 167 . 168 the pipe turbine (s) corresponds to a flow rate increasing nozzle. In the tower area above the water surface 170 is an aggregate cabin 171 arranged with the storage and recovery process causing aggregates. In the present tower modification with the regenerative energy generating machines and electrical associated with them components such as frequency converters and transformers are housed therein. For use in the context of feeder service actions is around them a platform 172 with a crane runway 173 arranged. In or on her can also under 22 and 23 described lifting and winding devices 140 . 144 for lifting and lowering of hydroelectric engines 160 . 163 with their associated, complementary components 161 to 169 be arranged. In extension of essentially the trusses 129 and 137 existing tower construction with its stiffeners 130 is above the cabin 171 on the tower plate 174 a wind turbine tower 175 mounted with the wind turbine own gondola 167 with the impeller mounted thereon 177 , Within the tower are in the underwater area for installation, inspection and maintenance of hydroelectric power plants adapted to their height positions further working platforms 143 arranged.

To Fig. 26 + Fig. 27

In the present energy storage system compressed air storage vessels are arranged in many ways on natural given for installation, inspection and maintenance conveniently located marine and landscape edge structures and combined with photovoltaic and wind turbines. These are on relatively deep-reaching steep banks 179 of the sea, a lake or a dam. Guiding and holding rails 182 by means of anchorages 183 appropriate. storage vessels 184 with the rails 182 connecting fasteners 185 are so kind or tuned to each other that the storage vessels 184 both firmly on the rails 182 fixed, as well as by means of a bank plateau 181 along the bank edge installed crane system, consisting of a crane runway 196 and the crane truck 197 with the crane arm arranged thereon 198 , or by means of any other lifting device over the water level 180 can be pulled out. The accumulator is via a connecting cable 186 , the leading riser up 188 , via a further pipe connection on the plateau 181 through one in the machine station 189 installed heat exchanger 190 with the compressor and turbine operable pneumatic power plant 191 connected to the one operable as a motor and generator electric machine 192 is coupled. For the purpose of low-cost inspection and maintenance and repair by divers is at least a passenger or diver and freight elevator 200 arranged, either in the guide rails 182 or by separately mounted guide rails and also by the crane system 196 / 197 / 198 is raised and lowered on the plateau or any other winch device. The cabin 200 is waterproof and with a pressure lock 201 fitted. At various heights on the steep bank are working platforms - or jetties 203 . 204 appropriate. The crane system 196 / 197 / 198 and alternative other lifting devices have a double counter-rotating cable guide, wherein each of the bottom of the storage vessel 184 and the cabin 200 the buoyant rope strand around one on the seabed 178 fixed pulley 199a . 199b is guided. At preferably the sun side facing steep banks these are with photovoltaic elements 194 busy. The included in this energy storage system photovoltaic cells and wind turbines 193 , of which, of course, a whole or several wind farms should be recorded, promise an increase in their profitability, especially because excess electricity can also be "made even" from photovoltaics and wind. As a possibly with respect to the construction and operating costs favorable conception is proposed, the pressure storage vessels 184 to attach largely horizontal, anchored in the bank holding and guiding rails slidably and only a few upwardly leading rails 182 to install, with soft-like crossing points that allow the rail replacement of the storage vessels and elevator car. The concept of the invention "underwater compressed air storage" - in particular in the present embodiment - is extended to the effect that the facilities of the energy storage system is supplemented with process engineering facilities for generating "wind gas". For this purpose, their placement in the memory of the serving machine station 189 proposed. This includes ancillary arrangements of facilities for the production of hydrogen based on electrolysis and for its storage and reconversion. An economical storage system concept is that a plurality of storage vessels are arranged on horizontally extending guide and support rails on or at which the storage vessels can be moved horizontally and thereby less vertical rail pairs 182 requirement.

To Fig. 28 and Fig. 29

Present foundation concepts are intended for fixing large buoyancy forces underlying large-volume underwater bodies, preferably the anchored at the seabed compressed air storage vessels 1 to 10 themselves, the underwater aggregate cabins and underwater crane tracks assigned to them, as well as support bases of the pressure vessels, such as the tower 22 . 23 , It should also be made possible by appropriate designs and ways of creating an economic installation and attachment to the seabed. The anchoring in the seabed caused by piles naturally requires a solid ground that can be reached in a relatively shallow depth, soils with high sediment layers of loose consistency will be reserved for gravity foundations. The execution and manufacturing method according to the invention is that prefabricated foundation plates 207 . 224 as a prefabricated foundation component with breakthroughs 208 . 225 for introducing pile cores 212 . 208 as well as attached or preassembled mounting bases or even railways on the seabed 205 . 222 be drained and placed. Thereafter, the introduction of a bore 210 . 227 into the seabed with drill rigs through the breakthrough in the foundation plate in the intended inclination of the piles 206 . 223 , Into the hole 210 . 227 in the seabed is through the breakthroughs 208 . 225 a prefabricated reinforced pile core 211 . 228 introduced, by sitting in the bottom of the hole stop centering and deflection 216 and spacers 215 is positioned and centered. The opposite the borehole 210 . 227 much thinner pile core 211 . 228 has an inside continuous channel 212 . 229 on, which is intended as a transport channel for filling the lower longitudinal and side cavities between pile core and seabed hole with a hardening filling material. For this purpose, the distance and guide piece 216 in the bottom of the hole except radial Zentrierpartien 217 and an axial stop portion 219 convex deflecting parts 218 on, which redirect the stuffed by means of filling hoses into the channel filling material in the lateral lower cavity. The upper free space 220 . 233 in the area of the breakthrough 208 . 225 in the area of the foundation plate 207 . 224 with their protruding reinforcements 209 . 226 and the exposed armor 213 . 230 of the pile core 111 . 228 is shed by a hardening mass. As replacement for the interrupted horizontal reinforcements 221 . 226 the foundation plate 207 . 224 are in the breakthrough area reinforcing pieces 221 . 231 which also reinforce the composite foundation plate - foundation pile. For crane runways, a single-row pile placement is carried out according to 29 , for pressure vessels and unit cabins, a multi-row pile installation according to 28 proposed. To reduce the risk of intensive sediment and Meeresgetierbesatzes is proposed, the foundation plate 224 raised above the seabed 222 to install. For this purpose, it is temporarily when supporting them by supports 237 or underfillings 238 positioned higher. Here, in the area of the intermediate space, the foundation plate - seabed for casting with hardening material is a formwork 232 arranged. When creating inventive underwater energy storage systems is advantageously with the creation of a crane runway (pos 75 / 82 in 17 . 18 and pos. 91 / 92 in 19 . 19 ), in which by means of a first (possibly provisionally) set foundation plate with rails a rail-bound crane-like construction machine is set, which creates consecutive subsequent crane runway foundations and adjacent Speichergefäß- or cabin foundation.

In addition to the use of such foundation structures for the use of underwater construction and maintenance equipment their main advantage is the spread foundation pile foundation in the controllability of the high buoyancy forces large-volume storage vessels. With the high level of today's offshore drilling technologies and satellite-based detection possibilities, such foundation methods can not be expected to encounter any difficulties. Compared to the requirement of oversized mass accumulations in gravity foundations, they promise significant advantages in the attachment to the seabed

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

Meeresgrund

02

Meerwasser

03

Fundamentplatte

04

Fundamentpfahl

05

Ständer

06

Speichergefäßhülle

07a, b

Befestigungsflansch

08a, b

Deckscheibe

09

Verschraubung

10

Druckluftöffnung

11

Druckluftleitung

12

eingefaltete Hüllenpartie (von 6)

Fig. 3 + Fig. 4

13

Ständer

13a

Einstiegöffnung

14

Speichergefäßhülle

14a, b

volle Speichergefäßhü

15a, b

leere Speichergefäßhüllelle

16

Versteifungssteg

17

äußere Befestigungsleiste

18

innere Befestigungsleiste

16

Verbindungselement 14–16

19

Schrauben

20

Druckluftleitungsmuffe

21

Absperrelement

22a

Druckluftringleitung

22b

Abzweigstück (an 21a)

23

Druckluftleitung

Fig. 5 + Fig. 6

24

Meeresboden

25

Fundamentplatte

26

Fundamentpfähle

27a

Speicherbodenplatte

27b

Bodenplatteverankerung

28

Speichergefäßhülle

28a

äußerer Hüllenrand (gefüllt)

28b

innerer Hüllenrand (gefüllt)

28c

äußerer Hüllenrand (teilgefüllt)

28d

innerer Hüllenrand (teilgefüllt)

29

Halteflansch

30a

Speicherraum (gefüllt)

30b

Speicherraum (teilgefüllt)

31

Druckluftrohr

Fig. 7 + Fig. 8

32a

Speichergefäßgrundplatte

32b

Grundplatteverankerung

33

untere feste Speichergefäßseitenwand

34a

obere biegeweiche Speichergefäßwand (gefüllt)

34b

obere biegeweiche Speichergefäßwand (leer)

35

Klemmring

36a

Speicherraum gefüllt

36b

Speicherraum leer

37

Druckluftleitung

Fig. 9 + Fig. 10

38

Meeresboden

39

Fundamentpfahl

40

Fundamentplatte

41a

Speichergefäßhülle (gefüllt)

41b

Speichergefäßhülle (z. T. leer)

41c

Gefäßhüllenstirnseite

42

Bandelement (um 41)

43

Befestigungselement

43a

Bandelementknotenpunkt 42–43

44

Druckmediumleitung

Fig. 11–Fig. 13

45

Meeresboden

46

Fundamentpfahl

47

Fundamentplatte

48

Fundamentschiene (auf 47)

49

Ständer

50

Roll- oder Gleitbasis an (49)

51

Blockierelement

52

Rahmenring (an 49)

53a

Druckgefäßhülle gefüllt

53b

Druckgefäßhülle leer

53c

Druckgefäßhüllestirnwand

54

Druckmediumsteigleitung

55

Druckmediumleitungsanschluß

56

Entwässerungsstutzen

57

Entwässerungskanal

58

Entwässerungsleitung

Fig. 14–Fig. 16

59

Meeresboden

60

Fundamentpfahl

61

Fundamentplatte

62

Fundamentschiene (an 61)

63

Ständer

64

Roll- oder Gleitbasis an (63)

65a

Säule

65b

Säule (als Speichermediumleitung)

65c

Verbindungsöffnung (in 66b)

66a, b

Versteifungsrahmenhälfte (volles Gefäß)

66c, d

Versteifungsrahmenhälfte (leeres Gefäß)

66d, e

Gelenkbasen (an 66a, b)

67

Speichergefäßhülle

67a

Speichergefäßhülle gefüllt

67b

Speichergefäßhülle leer

67c

Speichergefäßhüllenstirnseite

68a

Entwässerungsstutzen

68b

Entwässerungskanal

69

Entwässerungsleitung

70

Speichermediumrohrleitung

71

Blockierelement

Fig. 17 + Fig. 18

72

Meersboden

73

Fundamentpfahl

74a

Speichergefäßfundamentplatte

74b

Kranbahnfundament

75

Befestigungselement

76a

Gefäßhülle voll

76b

Gefäßhülle leer

77a–d

Bandage (um 76)

77g, h

Speichergefäßreihe (leer)

78

Druckmediumleitung

79

Absperrelement

80

Druckmediumleitungsverbund

81a–h

Speichergefäßreihe

82a, b

Kranbahn

82c

Kranbahnverbindungsstrecke

82d

Kranbahnweiche

83a, b

Kranbahnweiche/-Verbindung

82a, b

Kranbahn

83

Unterwasserkran

84

Aggregatkabine

85

Absperrelement

Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21

86

Wasseroberfläche

87

Meeresboden

88

Fundamentpfahl

89a, e

Speichergefäßfundamentplatte

90a–e

Speichergefäße

91

Kranbahnfundament

92

Kranbahn

93

Unterwasserkran

94

Aggregatkabinenfundamentplatte

95

Aggregatkabine

96

Arbeitsbühne (auf 95)

97

Druckschleuse

98

Druckschleusentür

99

Einstiegklappe

100a–e

Druckmediumverbindungsleitung

101a–e

Absperrorgan

102

Ringleitung

Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21

103

pneum. Kraftmaschine

104

Elektromaschine

105

Luft-Verbindungsleitung

106

Luft-Steigrohr

107a–e

Entwässerungsleitung

108a–e

Absperrhahn

109

Entwässerungssammelleitung

110

Lenzpumpe

111

Motor

112

Rückschlagventil

113

Boje

114

Verankerungsseil

115

Plattform (auf 113)

116

Einstiegsklappe

117

Gang

118

Freiraum

119

Halter/Führungsbasis

120

Windeneinrichtung

121

Schleuse

122

Mannschafts-/u. Materialraum

123

Luftrohrausgang

124

Rohrturbine

Fig. 22 + Fig. 23

125

Meeresboden

126

freies Meerwasser

127

Wasseroberfläche

128a

Fundamentplatte

128b

Fundamentpfahl

129

Turmtraverse

130

Verstrebung

131a–d

Speichergefäß

132

Gefäßbefestigungselement

133

Aggregatraum

134

Kranbahn auf 133

135

Kranwagen

136

Kranarm

137

Aufzugstraverse

138

Kabine

139

Druckschleuse (in 138)

140

Seilwinde für 138

141a, b

Aufzugseil

142

Umlenkrolle

143

Arbeitsplateau

144

Seilwinde für 131

145

Seil

146

Umlenkrolle

147

Druckluftleitung

148a, d

Druckluftsteigleitung

149

Wärmetauscher

150a

pneumatische Kraftmaschine

151a, d

Elektromaschine

152

Luftrohr

153

Druckluftleitung

154

Saugleitung

155

Lenzpumpe

156

Elektromotor

157

Leckwasseraustrittsrohr

Fig. 24 + Fig. 25

158

Haltevorrichtung

159

Gondel

160

Wasserkraftmaschine

161

Planetengetriebe

162

elektrischer Generator

163

Wasserkraftmaschine

164

Generator

165

Einströmkanal

165a

rechteckiger Einlaufkanal

165b

rechteck-rund Kanal

165c

aktiver Laufradquerschnitt

166

Ausströmkanal

167a

rechteck. seitliche Zuströmkanalwandungwandung

167b

rechteck. horizontale Zustromkanal

167c

rechteck/rund Übergangswandung

168a

runde Laufkammer-Wandung

168b

erweiterte Austrittskanalwandung

169

äußere Injektorwand

170

Wasseroberfläche

171

Aggregatkabine

172

Plattform

173

Kranbahn

174

Turmplatte

175

Windkrafmaschinenturm

176

Gondel

177

Konverter

Fig. 26 + Fig. 27

178

Meeresboden

159

Steilufer

180

Wasserstand

181

Geländeplateau

182

Führungs- ü. Halteschienen (an 159)

183

Verankerung (von 162)

184

Druckspeichergefäß

185

verschiebbare Verbindungselemente (162–164)

186

Druckmediumanschlussleit.

187

Sammelleitung

188

Druckmediumsteigleitung

189

Maschinenstation

190

Wärmetauscher

191

pneum. Strömungsmaschine

192

Elektromaschine

193

Windkraftmaschine

194

Photovoltaikelemente

195

Druckspeicherzugseil

196

Kranschienen

197

Kranwagen

198

Kranarm mit Winden

199

Umlenkrolle

200

Aufzugkabine

201

Druckschleuse (in 200)

202

Kabinenseilzug

203

Arbeitsbühne

204

Bodendruckgefäß-Fundament/Schienen

Fig. 28 + Fig. 29

205

Meeresboden

206

Fundamentpfahl (im Fertigzustand)

207

Fundamentplatte

208

Durchbruch in (207)

209

Fundamentplattenarmierung

210

Bohrung im Meeresboden

211

Pfahlkern

212

Kanal in (211)

213

Armierung (in 211)

214

Zwischenraum (210–211)

215

radiales oberes Distanzstück

216

unteres Zentrier- u. Distanzstück

217

rad. Distanzpartie (an 216)

218

Umlenkpartie (an 216)

219

Tiefenanschlagpartie (an 216)

220

Verfüllraum (in 207)

221

Verbundarmierung (207–211)

222

Meeresboden

223

Fundamentpfahl (Fertigzustand)

224

Fundamentplatte

225

Durchbruch in 204

226

Armierung (von 224)

227

Bohrig im Meeresboden

228

Pfahlkern

229

Hohlraum (in 228)

230

Pfahlarmierung

231

Verbundarmierung (224–228)

232

Schalung

233, 234, 235, 236

Verfüllraum

237

Stütze (Montagehilfe)

238

Stützmaterialanhäufung (Montagehilfe)

239

Kran- u. Baugerätegleis

Fig. 1 + Fig. 2

01

seabed

02

seawater

03

foundation plate

04

foundation pile

05

stand

06

Storage vessel shell

07a, b

mounting flange

08a, b

cover disc

09

screw

10

Compressed air opening

11

Compressed air line

12

folded wrapping (from 6 )

Fig. 3 + Fig. 4

13

stand

13a

manhole

14

Storage vessel shell

14a, b

full storage tank

15a, b

empty storage jar shovel

16

reinforcing web

17

outer fastening strip

18

inner fastening strip

16

connecting element 14 - 16

19

screw

20

Compressed air pipe sleeve

21

shut-off

22a

Compressed air ring line

22b

Branch piece (at 21a )

23

Compressed air line

Fig. 5 + Fig. 6

24

Seabed

25

foundation plate

26

foundation piles

27a

Storage base plate

27b

Base plate anchoring

28

Storage vessel shell

28a

outer shell edge (filled)

28b

inner shell margin (filled)

28c

outer shell edge (partially filled)

28d

inner shell margin (partially filled)

29

retaining flange

30a

Storage space (filled)

30b

Storage room (partly filled)

31

Pneumatic tubes

Fig. 7 + Fig. 8

32a

Storage vessel base

32b

Base plate anchoring

33

lower solid storage tank side wall

34a

upper bendable storage vessel wall (filled)

34b

upper bend-soft storage vessel wall (empty)

35

clamping ring

36a

Memory space filled

36b

Memory space empty

37

Compressed air line

Fig. 9 + Fig. 10

38

Seabed

39

foundation pile

40

foundation plate

41a

Storage vessel shell (filled)

41b

Storage vessel shell (partly empty)

41c

Vascular sheath front end

42

Band element (um 41 )

43

fastener

43a

Band element node 42 - 43

44

Pressure medium line

Fig. 11-Fig. 13

45

Seabed

46

foundation pile

47

foundation plate

48

Foundation rail (up 47 )

49

stand

50

Roll or sliding base on ( 49 )

51

blocking element

52

Frame ring (at 49 )

53a

Filled pressure vessel shell

53b

Pressure vessel cover empty

53c

Pressure vessel shell front wall

54

Print media riser

55

Pressure medium line connection

56

drain studs

57

drainage canal

58

drain pipe

Fig. 14-Fig. 16

59

Seabed

60

foundation pile

61

foundation plate

62

Foundation rail (at 61 )

63

stand

64

Roll or sliding base on ( 63 )

65a

pillar

65b

Column (as storage medium line)

65c

Connection opening (in 66b )

66a, b

Stiffening frame half (full vessel)

66c, d

Stiffening frame half (empty vessel)

66d, e

Articulated bases (an 66a , b)

67

Storage vessel shell

67a

Storage vessel shell filled

67b

Storage vessel shell empty

67c

Storage vessel shell front side

68a

drain studs

68b

drainage canal

69

drain pipe

70

Storage medium pipe

71

blocking element

Fig. 17 + Fig. 18

72

sea floor

73

foundation pile

74a

Storage vessel foundation plate

74b

Crane track foundation

75

fastener

76a

Vascular sheath full

76b

Vessel shell empty

77a-d

Bandage (um 76 )

77g, h

Storage vessel row (empty)

78

Pressure medium line

79

shut-off

80

Pressure medium line composite

81a-h

Storage vessel series

82a, b

crane runway

82c

Crane rail line

82d

Crane track switch

83a, b

Crane track Soft / compound

82a, b

crane runway

83

Underwater Crane

84

Physical cabin

85

shut-off

Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21

86

water surface

87

Seabed

88

foundation pile

89a, e

Storage vessel foundation plate

90a-e

storage vessels

91

Crane track foundation

92

crane runway

93

Underwater Crane

94

Physical cabin foundation plate

95

Physical cabin

96

Working platform (up 95 )

97

pressure lock

98

Airlock door

99

entry door

100a-e

Pressure medium connection line

101a-e

shutoff

102

loop

Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21

103

pneum. combustion engine

104

electric machine

105

Air connection line

106

Air-riser

107a-e

drain pipe

108a-e

stopcock

109

Drainage manifold

110

bilge pump

111

engine

112

check valve

113

buoy

114

anchor rope

115

Platform (up 113 )

116

entry door

117

corridor

118

free space

119

Holder / guide base

120

wind facility

121

lock

122

Mannschafts- / u. Storage area

123

Air pipe output

124

bulb turbine

Fig. 22 + Fig. 23

125

Seabed

126

clear seawater

127

water surface

128a

foundation plate

128b

foundation pile

129

tower Traverse

130

brace

131a-d

storage vessel

132

Vessel fastener

133

Physical space

134

Crane runway on 133

135

Kranwagen

136

kranarm

137

Elevator Traverse

138

cabin

139

Pressure lock (in 138 )

140

Winch for 138

141a, b

elevator rope

142

idler pulley

143

working plateau

144

Winch for 131

145

rope

146

idler pulley

147

Compressed air line

148a, d

Pneumatic riser

149

heat exchangers

150a

pneumatic engine

151a, d

electric machine

152

air pipe

153

Compressed air line

154

suction

155

bilge pump

156

electric motor

157

Leak water outlet pipe

Fig. 24 + Fig. 25

158

holder

159

gondola

160

Water engine

161

planetary gear

162

electric generator

163

Water engine

164

generator

165

inflow

165a

rectangular inlet channel

165b

rectangle-round channel

165c

active impeller cross section

166

outflow

167a

rectangle. lateral inflow channel wall

167b

rectangle. horizontal inflow channel

167c

rectangle / round transition wall

168a

round walk-chamber wall

168b

extended outlet channel wall

169

outer injector wall

170

water surface

171

Physical cabin

172

platform

173

crane runway

174

tower board

175

Windkrafmaschinenturm

176

gondola

177

converter

Fig. 26 + Fig. 27

178

Seabed

159

Steilufer

180

water level

181

terrain plateau

182

Leadership ü. Retaining rails (at 159 )

183

Anchoring (from 162 )

184

Pressure storage vessel

185

sliding fasteners ( 162 - 164 )

186

Druckmediumanschlussleit.

187

manifold

188

Print media riser

189

machine station

190

heat exchangers

191

pneum. flow machine

192

electric machine

193

Wind power machine

194

photovoltaic elements

195

Druckspeicherzugseil

196

crane rails

197

Kranwagen

198

Crane arm with winches

199

idler pulley

200

car

201

Pressure lock (in 200 )

202

cabin cable

203

platform

204

Ground pressure vessel foundation / rails

Fig. 28 + Fig. 29

205

Seabed

206

Foundation pile (finished)

207

foundation plate

208

Breakthrough in ( 207 )

209

Fundamentplattenarmierung

210

Drilling in the seabed

211

pile core

212

Channel in ( 211 )

213

Reinforcement (in 211 )

214

Gap ( 210 - 211 )

215

radial upper spacer

216

lower centering u. spacer

217

wheel. Distance game (on 216 )

218

Deflection part (at 216 )

219

Depth stop (on 216 )

220

Filling room (in 207 )

221

Composite reinforcement ( 207 - 211 )

222

Seabed

223

Foundation pile (finished state)

224

foundation plate

225

Breakthrough in 204

226

Reinforcement (from 224 )

227

Drilled in the seabed

228

pile core

229

Cavity (in 228 )

230

Pfahlarmierung

231

Composite reinforcement ( 224 - 228 )

232

formwork

233, 234, 235, 236

Verfüllraum

237

Support (mounting aid)

238

Support material accumulation (assembly aid)

239

Crane u. Construction track

Claims (10)

Underwater compressed air energy storage for storing energy from temporarily excess electricity preferably from sustainable energy sources and for their regenerative return to power grids, consisting essentially of a closed pressure vessel for receiving and storing compressed air or other gaseous media with a pipe connection to an associated, both as a pump or compressor and as a turbine operated pneumatic engine with a rotationally coupled coupled as a motor and generator, connected to a power supply electric machine, with a storage process causing aggregates associated control device according to a predetermined Algorythmus with excess electricity supply the conversion of electrical energy Pressure energy and the storage process controls and in the power supply in the supply network, the energy back conversion and recovery manages, characterized in that ss - the walls ( 6 . 14 . 15 . 28 . 34 . 41 . 53 . 67 ) of the pressure medium storage vessel consist of a flexible or or elastic and seawater-resistant material, - the pressure storage vessel has a variable in its filling volume and structuring, - the closed filling volume variable pressure medium storage vessel formed on the ground ( 1 . 24 . 38 . 45 . 59 . 125 ) or on a bank wall ( 179 ) of a sea, a lake or a dam or on a marine structure ( 128 - 157 ), - several pressure medium storage vessels ( 76 . 90 . 184 ) are combined into an energy storage system and connected by means of pipelines, - the pressure medium storage vessels in the immediate vicinity or in the near field of regenerative energy generating facilities ( 193 . 194 ), - the pressure medium storage vessels are also used for storing energy-containing gases or gaseous raw materials, wherein in addition to the (chemical) energy content of the gas and its pressure energy potential is used. Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of its pressure vessel from one or more flexible or or and elastic, in his / her internal volume of the respective air filling customizable envelope (s) ( 6 ) 14 ) (Blimps), wherein in one embodiment a) - the shell ( 6 ) Pressure vessel to and around one in the sea or lake ( 1 ) anchored stand ( 5 ) is arranged and has in the fully filled state largely the shape of a sphere, - the consistency and structure of the shell ( 6 ) and a preferably vertically extending groove profiling ( 6a ) are provided in a manner that it narrows in the partially filled and or empty state in the circumference narrowing ( 12 ), - the stand ( 5 ) is formed as a pressure medium conveying line and (preferably in the upper region) an opening ( 10 ) to the storage space interior and starting from the lower end a pipe connection ( 11 ) is guided to a both as a pump or compressor as well as turbine or motor operable pneumatic engine with a rotationally coupled thereto Elektromaschinc, - the attachment and sealing of the shell ( 6 ) on the stand ( 5 ) by jamming the edge portion of a preferably round aperture mounted in it, wherein the inner breakthrough edge portions each on a flange attached to the stand ( 7a and 7b ) and from a cover flange resting on the other side ( 8a . 8b ) are pressed sealingly, - in its lower part of the pressure vessel an automatically operating drainage device is installed, which preferably consists of a arranged in or outside of the storage vessel bilge pump or from a central responsible for several storage vessels drainage device, in a variant b) - the pressure accumulator a plurality of unitized into a structural unit, in cross-section segment-shaped extending in the height, at one with a manhole ( 13a ) provided hollow stand ( 13 ) arranged flexible covers ( 14 . 15 ), whose interior is kept by means of pipelines ( 20 ) via shut-off devices ( 21 ), - prefabricated casings ( 14 . 15 ) on its inner the stand ( 13 ) facing end are formed whose end parts overlap in their installation between one on the stand ( 13 ) vertically sitting bar ( 17 ) abut with a convex surface inclined towards them and by a cover strip (FIG. 18 ) by means of clamping elements ( 19 ) - preferably by means of screws from the stator interior starting - on the stand ( 13 ) are clamped, - in the air chambers forming the compressed air chambers ( 14 . 15 ) on both sides one or more vertically extending rigid webs ( 16 ) mounted by means of flexible connecting elements ( 17 ) are connected to each other in a horizontal plane, the positioning of the webs ( 16 ) and the bondage of the opposing to each other is tuned in such a way that at full filling of the air chambers their lateral outer surfaces are not or at least only in a small area extent to each other, - in both variants a) and b) the foundations ( 3 . 4 ) are designed and manufactured according to claim 9. Underwater compressed air energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that its compressed air storage vessel from a at one in the seabed 24 anchored foundation ( 25 / 26 ), preferably on a round base plate, on or on the one in a variant a) - a closed top, cup-shaped in the horizontal cross-section flexible shell ( 28 ) is sealingly attached, - the shell side have a wave structure in the manner of a corrugated pipe with the outer width extension ( 28a ) and the internal latitude extension ( 28b ), wherein the Hüllprofilprofilierung and consistency is such that with increasing or high pressure medium filling the hull structure in its vertical extent to a predetermined extent, and decreasing or less filling decreases at substantially the same pressure between inside and outside, in a variant b ) - the bottom plate ( 32a ) a solid side wall ( 33 ) with a cap-shaped flexible and / or elastic sheath attached thereto at the top ( 34 ), - the shell consistency and design is such that with increasing or high compressed air filling the shell formation in its vertical extent up to a predetermined degree ( 34a ), and with decreasing or low filling dent inwards or inwards, so that at substantially equal pressure ratios between inside and outside the pressure storage vessel different filling volumes ( 36a ) and ( 36b ) having, Underwater compressed air energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that - its compressed air storage vessel from one on one on the seabed ( 38 ) anchored barrel-shaped, in the filled state cylindrical, closed shell ( 41a ) (Blimps) without an internal scaffolding made of flexible or elastic material, 41a , b) at strength-related distances of several tension elements connected to it ( 42 ) is wrapped around, whereby this with the shell at the foundation ( 39 / 40 ) fixing fasteners ( 43 ), - the envelope ( 41 ) of several pieces of fuselage ( 41c ) is composed, - in the formed as an accumulator vessel shell from below a pipe ( 44 ) opens to the supply and discharge of the pressure medium, Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that - its compressed air storage vessel from a closed, on the seabed ( 45 . 59 ) longitudinal flexible envelope ( 53 . 67 ), that of am Seabed anchored frame ( 52 ) 66 ) is carried or limited, - the mounting base of the frame on a in the seabed ( 45 . 59 ) anchored foundation ( 46 / 47 ) 59 / 60 ) arranged guide rail system ( 48a ) 62a ), in a variant a): 53 ) over largely circular, on the guide rails ( 48 ) movable and fixable fixed frames ( 52 ), in a variant b): - the envelope ( 67 ) over on in the guide rails ( 62 ) longitudinally displaceably arranged stands ( 65 ) attached largely rectangular frames ( 66 ), - the frames ( 66a ) 66b ) divided and the respective halves by means of joints ( 66c , d) foldable on the uprights ( 65 ), - at least one projecting into the interior of the vessel, outside flexibly connected to a compressed air system compressed air supply and discharge pipe ( 55 ) 70 ) is arranged. - at least one stand ( 65b ) or a part of the frame ( 53 ) is formed as a pressure medium supply and discharge line with an in the storage space inner outlet opening ( 65c ) and an outer flexibly connected to a compressed air system compressed air supply and discharge pipe ( 55 ) 70 ), - the bendable envelope ( 53 ) 67 ) supporting frame ( 52 ) 66 ) so on the foundation ( 47 ) 61 ) are attached to the fact that with decreasing filling due to predominant external pressure are inward, that with decreasing filling due to predominant external pressure inward according Pos. ( 53b ) and ( 57c ) and a decrease in their storage volume and an enlargement is effected with increasing pressure medium supply, wherein in split frame design ( 66a , b) the frame halves ( 66a . 66b ) flatten or unfold, in both embodiments a) and b): - are arranged in the lower part of the storage vessels Leckwasserentwässerungseinrichtungen consisting of an inlet drainage nozzle ( 57a . 68a ) in a pipe ( 54 . 65c ) enclosing annular channel ( 57b . 68b ) and then into the drainage connection line ( 58 . 69 ) passing with a bilge pump ( 110 ) 155 ) connected is. - The frames ( 52 ) and stands ( 65 ) via its mounting base ( 48 . 49 . 59 ) 62 . 63 . 64 ) are connected to one another by means of coupling devices of this type - preferably consisting of telescopic or scissors-type connecting elements - that the frame structures (FIG. 52 . 66 ) are vertically and mutually parallel and always occupy a perpendicular position to the longitudinal axis of the storage during axial displacement, - these coupling devices consist of telescopic or shear-lever-like connecting elements, - under the uprights ( 49 ) 63 ) snowplow-like blades or motor-driven cleaning devices for cleaning the rolling or sliding tracks ( 48a ) 62a ) are arranged, alternatively to the outside over and on the frame ( 52 ) 66 ) sitting cases ( 53 ) 67 ) are arranged within the frame systems. Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of compressed air storage vessels are arranged to an energy storage system on the seabed to a cabin with the storage and recovery process causing aggregates, wherein in Anordnungsvariante a): - preferably compressed air storage vessels ( 76 ) with longitudinal horizontal cross-sectional profile in row formations ( 81a -H) one behind the other at the sea or lake bottom ( 72 ) anchored engine cabin ( 84 ), in arrangement variant b): - preferably compressed air storage vessels ( 5 - 11 ) 13 - 22 ) 27 - 31 ) 32 - 37 ) with round or at least largely concentric aligned horizontal cross-sectional profile in circular arc row formations around a marine or a lake floor ( 87 ) anchored engine cabin ( 95 ) are arranged in both compressed air storage vessel arrangement variants a) and b): - between the pressure vessel rows ( 81a -H), ( 90a -E) and the aggregate cabin ( 84 ) 95 ) interconnected crane tracks ( 82a . 82b ) 92 ) are anchored to the seabed or seabed, - the compressed air storage vessels ( 76 ) 90 ) via pipe connections ( 80 ) 100 ) with the storage and return process causing aggregates in the unit cabin ( 84 ) 95 ) are connected. - the aggregate cabins ( 95 ) on its top working platforms ( 96 ), one through a door ( 98 ) reachable pressure lock ( 97 ) with a flap leading into the interior ( 99 ), - inside the engine cabins ( 84 ) 95 ) with the pressure storage vessels ( 90 ) 76 ) via pipelines ( 80 ) 100 ) connected to both pump and turbine work machines ( 103 ) with a motor and generator operable coupled electric machine ( 104 ), and a bilge pump connected to storage vessel drainage systems ( 110 ) with a coupled engine ( 111 ), - the second flow path ( 105 ) of the pneumatic engine ( 103 ) via a riser ( 106 ) and one at the sea surface ( 86 ) floating anchored buoy ( 113 ) is led to the free atmosphere, - the buoy ( 113 ): - from in the seabed ( 87 ) anchored cable connections ( 114 ) is positioned, alternatively their fixation of a tensile force compatible trained pipe connection ( 106 ) - a deck ( 115 ) for deploying divers or maintenance personnel, underwater robots and materials by helicopters or ship cranes, which is also designed as a heliport, - on deck ( 115 ) an entrance flap ( 116 ) followed by a downward leading passage ( 117 ) to a free space at the bottom ( 118 ) through which the air line ( 106 ) so that it is suitable as a guide base for descending divers, - over the free space ( 118 ) a winch device ( 120 ) for lowering divers or materials, - one of deck ( 115 ) outgoing lock ( 121 ) to a crew compartment below ( 122 ), - in the air duct leading to the free atmosphere ( 106 . 123 ) a blower or a tubular turbine ( 124 ) is arranged. Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that several underwater pressure storage vessels at one in the seabed ( 125 ) are arranged, wherein: - the main bearing elements of the tower on a in the seabed ( 125 ) anchored foundation ( 128 ) fastened, largely perpendicular trusses ( 129 ) with diagonal struts ( 130 ), in conjunction with an equally founded a lift shaft forming internally arranged truss composite ( 137 ), - the supporting trusses ( 129 ) have an externally accessible in the horizontal plane form-fitting profile, preferably made of U-profiles, of which two are each inclined with their open sides concentric about the tower axis and in the vertical direction form a guideway, - at the outer trusses ( 129 ) the pressure vessels ( 131 ) by means of at or in them longitudinally displaceable and clampable fastening devices ( 132 ), - in the upper part of the tower, winding devices ( 144 ) and ( 140 ) for raising and lowering the pressure vessels ( 131 ) during their installation and maintenance, as well as for one in the elevator shaft ( 137 ) arranged cabin ( 138 ) with a pressure lock ( 139 ), - above the water surface ( 127 ) at the tower an aggregate space enclosing the tower ( 133 ) with the storage and recovery process causing equipment such as heat exchangers ( 149 ) one or more operable as a pump or compressor, by means of pipelines ( 147 . 148 . 152 ) with the pressure storage vessels ( 131 ) associated pneumatic working machines ( 150a , d) with coupled as engine and generator operable electric machines ( 151a , d) is arranged, - alternatively pneumatic power machines ( 155 ) near or directly to pressure storage vessels ( 131 ) are positioned and their flow paths via pipe connections with the storage vessel interior and the free atmosphere in connection, - in the immediate vicinity of pressure storage vessels ( 131d ) or in it bilge pumps ( 155 ) are arranged for the removal of leakage water from the pressure storage vessel, - on or in the aggregate space ( 133 . 171 ) Winches ( 140 . 144 ), - above the engine cab ( 133 ) a crane ( 134 / 135 / 136 ) is alternatively placed at the location of the crane a further tower with a wind turbine), - alternatively formed at the upper end of the tower designed as a helipad plateau, trained as a pressure vessel carrier tower in the underwater area, the sea current using hydroelectric engines ( 166 . 163 ), wherein at least one as a wing turbine ( 160 ) hydrodynamic engine designed in the manner of a propeller with a flange-mounted transmission ( 161 ) and electric generator ( 162 ) is arranged in front of the tower on the windward side, - laterally on the tower above the pressure storage vessels, tubular turbine-type axial flow-through hydro-electric machines ( 163 ) with electric generators ( 164 are arranged, - the side of the tower sitting hydropower ( 163 ) are embedded in a large area of the ocean current detecting and focusing water-guidance system, which preferably consists of a large area not exclusively quadrangular inlet channel ( 165a / 167a ), a working area ( 165c ), and arranged after the turbine expanding, with suction on an injector based Leitflächen ( 169a , b) surrounded exit area ( 166 ), - the hydroelectric engines at different altitudes of the tower - according to inspection relevant or - needy places - working platforms are arranged for divers. Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that - a plurality of compressed air storage vessels ( 184 ) with variable compressed air storage volume under water on a cliff ( 179 ) of a sea, a lake or on a dam wall of a reservoir, - the compressed air storage vessels ( 184 ) to the top, on the cliff ( 179 ) or dam wall anchored rail or truss pairs ( 172 ) by means of connecting elements ( 183 ) are connected such that the pressure storage vessels ( 184 ) both firmly to the truss pairs ( 182 ), as well as guided in the height can be moved, - several of the fastening and guiding rail pairs ( 182 ) with the compressed air storage vessels sitting thereon ( 184 ) next to each other on the steep bank ( 179 ), - in the steep bank area, preferably on a subsequent plateau ( 181 ) Winches or cranes ( 196 - 198 ) for raising and lowering the pressure storage vessels ( 184 ) are arranged, - in the position range of the pressure storage vessels ( 184 ) further horizontally extending further rail or truss pairs are arranged with such formed connection nodes with the vertically extending, so that the pressure storage vessels ( 184 ) can be taken over and moved by the vertical truss pairs, - on the steep bank ( 179 ) horizontally running diver walkable bridges ( 203 . 204 ) Piping systems such as compressed air collection piping ( 187 ) are arranged with seated in the supply lines to the storage vessels shut-off elements and power cables, - on or on the mounting and guiding the pressure vessels serving pairs of trusses ( 182 ) a vertically movable passenger and material elevator ( 200 ) with an integrated pressure lock ( 201 ) located on the plateau ( 191 ) arranged hoists, preferably the raising and lowering of the storage vessels causing facilities ( 196 / 197 / 198 ) via cable connections ( 202 ) is raised and lowered, - compressed air pipe connections ( 188 ) of compressed air collecting pipes ( 187 ) to a machine station ( 189 ) in which the equipment causing the storage process ( 190 . 191 . 192 ) are stationed, - above the water level ( 180 ) on the steep bank ( 179 ) Photovoltaic elements ( 194 ), the recovered power of which is preferably stored in the shared equipment station ( 189 ) supplied to a supply network and the energy storage system, - wind turbines ( 193 ) - preferably positioned in the vicinity of the energy storage system - are included in the functional system of the energy storage system. - In the arrangement of the compressed air storage system at the bottom of an inland or reservoir the aggregate cabin with the storage process causing aggregates in the building fabric of the dam or the storage process causing aggregates are integrated into the machinery of a usually associated power plant, - in the arrangement of the compressed air storage system at the bottom of an inland or reservoir a preferably floating bridge with a crane or Transportwagenbahn to the center (over) the storage system leader, arranged, - accessible from the dock, supported on the center of the storage facility on pontoon a crane device or or and an engine cab is arranged with the storage process causing aggregates. Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that - the undersea compressed air storage vessels and unit cabins associated foundation of a foundation plate ( 207 . 224 ) and into the seabed ( 205 . 222 ) embedded, diagonally apart piles ( 206 . 223 ), - the connection of foundation plate ( 207 . 224 ) and foundation pile ( 206 . 223 ) and its consolidation in the seabed consists in causing the foundation plate to make a breakthrough ( 208 . 225 ) with free-standing reinforcements ( 209 . 226 ), through which a prefabricated pile core ( 211 . 228 ) with its free in the area of the breakthrough reinforcements ( 213 . 230 ) in through the breakthrough ( 154 . 168 ) in the seabed ( 150 . 151 ) ( 210 . 227 ) and the free space ( 220 . 233 ) the exposed reinforcements ( 209 . 213 . 212 . 226 . 230 . 231 ) with a hardening mass, such. Concrete, is filled in, - the pile core ( 211 . 228 ) of thinner caliber than the diameter of the borehole ( 210 . 227 ) and inside a longitudinally continuous channel ( 212 . 229 ) and in the borehole in its depth position and in its radial allocation to the borehole of appropriately designed centering and stop elements ( 215 . 216 ) - when creating the foundation the lower free spaces ( 212 . 229 ) 235 . 236 ) in and around the pile core ( 211 . 236 ) from above through the channel ( 212 . 229 ), whereby concave deflecting parts ( 218 ) an introduced into the borehole stop and centering piece ( 216 ) the injected filling mass into the outer space ( 235 . 236 ) and fills it, - the foundation plate ( 207 ) partly in seabed ( 205 ) is inserted, - the foundation plate ( 224 ) over the seabed ( 222 ) distanced from the piles ( 223 ), - when attached to the seabed ( 222 ) raised foundation plate ( 224 ) before completion with the supporting foundation piles ( 223 ) to their predetermined increase on documents ( 236 . 237 ) is set the pads preferably, alternatively or in combination of conventional known adjustable support stamps ( 237 ) or from accumulated material (eg stones or soil) ( 238 ), - in the manufacture of raised foundations ( 224 / 223 ) between seabed and foundation plate a tubular or funnel-shaped formwork ( 232 ), - the top of the prefabricated foundation plate ( 207 . 224 ) Mounting bases and means for placing and fixing the pressure storage vessels and an assembly cabin, as well as facilities and arrangements for placing, transporting and mounting of construction and assembly equipment for creating the continuous own foundation structure, laying thereon arranged crane runways and creating adjacent foundations, - in narrow Foundations ( 223 / 224 ) z. B. for crane runways ( 52 . 62 ), the foundation piles ( 223 ) in a single row in alternating spreading direction in the foundation plate ( 224 ) are arranged. - the foundations ( 258 - 273 ) 276 - 288 ) are equally used for anchoring floating wind turbines. Underwater compressed air energy storage according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that - the compressed air storage vessels ( 5 - 10 ) 13 - 21 ) 27 - 29 ) 32 - 35 ) 41 - 43 ) 48 - 53 ) 63 - 67 ), Unit cabins ( 84 ) 95 ) and crane runways ( 82 ) 92 ) are positioned and fixed on a foundation according to claim 9, - have wind turbines positioned in the vicinity of the printing energy storage installations in addition to the electric generator or alternatively in its place a compressor driven by the wind turbine, which is connected to the pipeline system ( 81 ) 108 ) of the pressure vessels ( 76 / 77 ) 90 ), - unit cabins assigned to energy storage installations ( 84 . 95 ) or engine rooms ( 189 ), also procedural devices for generating hydrogen or or and "wind gas", as well as for the conversion of their energy are arranged in the electric current associated with the line system of the energy storage system, - in compressed air storage vessels, in particular compressed air energy storage systems ( 76 - 85 ) 128 - 157 ) 182 - 204 ) also energy-containing gases or their components are stored. - In energy storage systems filled with energy-containing gases pressure storage vessels and their pressure potential differences are used for energy storage, - operated with energy-containing gases pressure accumulator systems anchoring devices and transfer stations for transport and supply vessels, preferably according to DE 10 2008 029 983 A1, - from underwater pressure storage vessels Existing energy storage systems pipe connection to gas supply networks on the mainland, - sea animals or sedimentbesatzgefährdete lots of pressure storage vessel and other components of storage facilities are subject to the movement processes with sediment or or and marine animal repellent coverings or covers, or with facilities for generating electrostatic fields, acoustic or optical marine animal repellent signaling provided.

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