GB2378679A - Floating offshore wind turbine - Google Patents

Floating offshore wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2378679A
GB2378679A GB0205207A GB0205207A GB2378679A GB 2378679 A GB2378679 A GB 2378679A GB 0205207 A GB0205207 A GB 0205207A GB 0205207 A GB0205207 A GB 0205207A GB 2378679 A GB2378679 A GB 2378679A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
floating wind
general equipment
equipment installation
support structure
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0205207A
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GB0205207D0 (en
GB2378679B (en
Inventor
Technologies Ltd Ocean
David Bone
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB0414500A priority Critical patent/GB2400823B/en
Publication of GB0205207D0 publication Critical patent/GB0205207D0/en
Publication of GB2378679A publication Critical patent/GB2378679A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2378679B publication Critical patent/GB2378679B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B21/502—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers by means of tension legs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • B63B21/27—Anchors securing to bed by suction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/18—Air and water being simultaneously used as working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/96—Mounting on supporting structures or systems as part of a wind turbine farm
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A floating support structure comprises a watertight hull 1, a gravity or suction foundation comprising one or more components 7 located on the seabed and one or more buoyancy devices 4 connected to said watertight hull and configured to provide excess buoyancy and additional stability. The watertight hull and buoyancy device assembly is tethered to the foundation such that the excess buoyancy is manifested as a force in the tethers. A telescopically extendable shaft 3 extends upwardly from the hull and has a hoist 9 located at the shaft top. A wind turbine 8 may be located at the top of the shaft while a generator may be located in the hull. The structure can be towed with the shaft retracted and subsequently extended and grouted following installation. A method of connection several of the structures using horizontal connectors is also disclosed.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
FLOATING OFFSHORE WINDTOWER This invention relates to offshore structures for wind turbines.
Currently the foundation structures used for housing wind turbines offshore require that the turbine support structure is rigidly fixed to the seabed foundation prior to installation or that the foundation is pre-installed and the turbine rigidly fixed to it in a separate operation. As the water depth increases the rigidly connected foundation becomes uneconomical due to the large volume of material required to resist lateral forces and support the wind turbine.
We have now devised a floating wind tower support structure for offshore use with a wind turbine and installation method, which obviates the above problem.
According to the present invention there is provided a floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure comprising a watertight hull formed of concrete, ferrous cement, fibre-reinforced concrete, steel or other suitable material, a gravity or suction foundation comprising one or more components located at or on a lakebed or seabed, one or more buoyancy devices connected to said watertight hull and configured to provide excess buoyancy and additional stability, the watertight hull and buoyancy device assembly being tethered to said foundation such that the excess buoyancy is manifested as a force in the tethers, said tethers thus remaining taut and providing additional stability, and a shaft which extends upwardly from the hull, said shaft being telescopically extendable, with a hoist located at the shaft top.
Preferably the buoyancy devices consist of cylindrical vessels with domed ends, and are attached to the structure with steel tubular sections. This allows modular construction and sizing for site specific criteria. Air or gas pressurisation of the buoyancy devices may be used to ensure internal pressure is greater than external, thus eliminating the requirement for additional stiffeners, and thereby reducing structural weight and cost.
In an alternative embodiment the excess buoyancy is provided with a single hull to which the shaft and tethers are attached. In this case the tethers may be connected by means of horizontal outriggers to increase righting moments in the buoy system.
Ballast containers can be fitted to the mast at various levels to allow for control of vibration of natural frequencies if required.
Preferably the foundation comprises a gravity base or suction caissons, and can be used to aid flotation during tow out and installation. Also, the foundation can provide a template/guide to aid tether installation.
The tethers can be used to lower the foundation to the lakebed or seabed during installation.
Preferably, lengths of chain are attached between the tethers and winches on the structure to allow for variations in water depth during installation.
Preferably a wind turbine is located at the top of the shaft prior to installation.
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
However, in alternative embodiments the structure can be used to install and support other equipment for use offshore, for example telecommunications equipment, pollution detection equipment, gas flaring equipment, or monitoring equipment.
Another embodiment has a water turbine assembly suspended under the hull, with additional support provided by slidable linkages connected from the turbine to the tethers. The water turbine is driven by current and wave loading, and can be raised or lowered to facilitate maintenance.
Preferably the shaft is fully retracted during tow out, and foundation ballast and installation operations.
In a further embodiment an additional tubular shaft (lower) is designed to be fitted with ballast and to be extendable beneath the hull thus causing the centre of gravity of the structure to be lowered, and thus increasing stability through viscous drag damping and increased metacentric height. Preferably the annular space between the tubular shaft and the hull can be grouted to provide a rigid connection for the telescopic shafts once in the fully extended position for both the upper and lower shafts. Alternatively, clamping devices may be used to facilitate subsequent lowering of the mast for maintenance or removal.
In another embodiment steel or other suitable material rods or wires are connected parallel to the tubular mast structure (extended shaft) attached to spacers located at several positions along the axis of mast. These rods or wires may be pre-stressed. This strengthens the mast allowing the use of smaller steel sections with a consequent weight reduction and improved stability. A tensioning device may additionally be used with this embodiment to cyclically pre-stress the support rods. A load detection device may also be employed in conjunction with the tensioner such that the tension is adjusted relative to the external applied load to reduce mast motion or stress levels and improve fatigue life. The tensioning device may be hydraulic, electrically operated or mechanical.
In one embodiment of the invention a generator is located in the submerged hull and rotated remotely by hydraulic drive from the rotor. This removes weight from the top of the structure and aids stability during tow out, installation, and operation. A further modification is to have the generator mounted with its axis vertical in the hull to enable the use of a very large diameter generator with subsequent improved power efficiency.
During installation the rotor blades are normally fixed to the turbine axle subsequent to the installation of the support structure and to the shaft being partially or fully extended.
In an alternative embodiment the rotor hub and blades are hinged to the top of the shaft at a horizontal angle enabling said hub and blades to be fitted to the structure prior to tow out and foundation installation. The hoist is then used to position the rotor hub and blades in the desired vertical position after foundation installation and shaft extension operations.
In another embodiment the blades are hinged to the rotor hub and a hydraulic jacking mechanism is provided such that the blades can be rotated into horizontal alignment. This ensures that the blades are clear of the water surface and allows them to be fitted to the structure prior to tow out and installation. After installation and shaft extension the blades are rotated into the desired alignment by releasing the hydraulic jacks.
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
Also, in accordance with this invention there is provided a method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures to enhance dynamic stability in the combined system, the structures each having a watertight hull, a gravity or suction foundation located at or on a lakebed or seabed, one or more buoyancy devices connected to said watertight hull, the watertight hull and buoyancy device assembly being tethered to said foundation such that excess buoyancy is manifested as a force in the tethers, said tethers thus remaining taut and providing additional stability, and a shaft which extends upwardly from the hull, said shaft being telescopically extendable, the method comprising the interconnection of one or more of the structures by horizontal or nearly horizontal flexible connectors, said connectors having a stiffness and pretension selected to ensure that horizontal restraining forces acting between the floating structures are transferred through the connectors in partial or complete opposition to the environmental loadings to which each structure is independently subject.
It is a requirement of the invention that adjacent connected structures be placed at such a distance as to be subject as far as possible to a differing phase of the wave cycle at the same instant i. e. water particle velocity on each structure will have a different relative motion.
In an alternative embodiment of the method an anchor structure is used to reduce the overall motions of the combined support structures. This consists of one or more mid water float chambers tethered to the seabed and tethered to one or more of the floating support structures.
Another embodiment of the method uses damping devices, e. g. springs, chains attached to the tethers between support structures or anchor and support structures in order to influence the
s iff stiffness and motions of the system.
A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :- Figure 1 shows in vertical cross section the floating wind turbine or general equipment support structure on location with the shaft fully extended.
Figure 2 shows the floating wind turbine or general equipment support structure in plan view.
Figure 3 shows two floating wind turbine support structures combined using a flexible tether, with additional dynamic stability provided using a mid-water anchored structure.
Referring to the drawings the structure comprises a watertight hull 1, which is formed to include a tubular opening 2 to allow for insertion of a telescopic shaft 3. A plurality of buoyancy compartments 4 provides excess buoyancy (above that required for flotation), and is spaced to provide additional stability to the floating structure. The buoyancy compartments 4 are attached to the hull 1 with steel beams 5.
The buoyancy compartments 4 are provided with tether termination plates (not shown) so that tethers 6 can be attached. Suction caissons 7 are installed on the seabed and the tethers 6 are attached between said caissons 7 and the buoyancy compartments 4.
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
A turbine package 8 is located at the top of the shaft 3. Also, an extendable tubular hull 11, which can be filled with ballast, is shown beneath the hull 1.
The structure is set up for operation by extending the telescopic shaft 3 to its fully extended position as shown in Figure 1. Once the shaft 3 has been locked in position a hoist 9, located at the top of the shaft 3, is used to lift and install the rotor hub and blades 10. Platforms (not shown) are provided for access to grout operations, for ease of maintenance, and checks.
The telescopic shaft, 3, is raised using a jacking system with frame and pins (not shown) or by pressurising the hull 1 interior and pumping (not shown). In an alternative embodiment (not shown) the tubular opening 2 extends to the hull 1 bottom so that pressure can be applied within the opening 2, to raise the shaft 3. Once raised the shaft 3 is grouted into position.
During tow out the shaft 3 is retracted and the caissons 7 are used to provide buoyancy. On reaching location the caissons 7 are attached to the tethers 6 and ballasted to the seabed using the tethers 6 as an installation aid to lower them. Lengths of chain are attached to the tethers 6 at one end and a winch (not shown) at the other end. The caissons 7 are then partially ballasted and winched to the seabed. The caissons 7 are then pumped out to facilitate seabed penetration and the chains winched in to lower the hull 1 to the desired position. The chains are subsequently fastened to the buoyancy compartments 4. Then the shaft 3 is raised.
Figure 3 shows how additional structures can be combined using one or more flexible tethers 12. The windtower support structures are given additional dynamic stability by attaching a mid-water float 13, which is tethered to the seabed with a connector 17. The grouping of the structures in this combined way together with carefully selected tether 12 design can be adjusted to suit localised wave conditions 18. For example, by selecting the distance 14 between the structures to coincide with an odd number half wavelength multiple, the wave forces on the structures will be out of phase as shown by arrows 15 and 16, and thus the motion of the structures will be out of phase. The arrows under the wave surface 18 show the relative direction of the water particles due to the wave phase. The tether 12 stiffness and pre-tension can be designed so that motion of one structure results in a damping of the motion in another structure.

Claims (35)

1. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure comprising a watertight hull formed of concrete, ferrous cement, fibre-reinforced concrete, steel or other suitable material, a gravity or suction foundation comprising one or more components located at or on a lakebed or seabed, one or more buoyancy devices connected to said watertight hull and configured to provide excess buoyancy and additional stability, the watertight hull and buoyancy device assembly being tethered to said foundation such that the excess buoyancy is manifested as a force in the tethers, said tethers thus remaining taut and providing additional stability, and a shaft which extends upwardly from the hull, said shaft being telescopically extendable, with a hoist located at the shaft top.
2. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the buoyancy devices consist of cylindrical vessels with domed ends, and are attached to the structure with steel tubular sections.
3. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein air or gas pressurisation of the buoyancy devices may be used to ensure internal pressure therein is greater than external, thus limiting the requirement for internal stiffening of the chamber.
4. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the excess buoyancy is provided with a single hull to which the shaft and tethers are attached.
5. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 4, wherein the tethers are connected by means of horizontal outriggers to increase righting moments in the buoy system.
6. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein ballast containers are fitted to the mast at various levels to allow for control of vibration of natural frequencies if required.
7. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the foundation comprises a gravity base or suction caissons, and can be used to aid flotation during tow out and installation.
8. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the foundation can provide a template/guide to aid tether installation.
9. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the tethers can be used to lower the foundation to the lakebed or seabed during installation
10. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein lengths of chain or other linearly adjustable system are
<Desc/Clms Page number 6>
attached between the tethers and winches on the structure to allow for variations in water depth during installation.
11. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a wind turbine is located at the top of the shaft prior to installation.
12. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the structure is used to install and support general equipment for use offshore, for example telecommunications equipment, pollution detection equipment, gas flaring equipment, or monitoring equipment.
13. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a water turbine assembly is suspended under the hull, with additional support provided by slidable linkages connected from the turbine to the tethers.
14. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the water turbine is driven by current and wave loading, and can be raised or lowered to facilitate maintenance.
15. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the shaft is fully retracted during tow out, and foundation ballast and installation operations.
16. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein an additional tubular shaft (lower) is designed to be fitted with ballast and to be extendable beneath the hull.
17. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the annular space between the tubular shaft and the hull is grouted to provide a rigid connection for the telescopic shafts once in the fully extended position for both the upper and lower shafts.
18. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any of claims 1 to 16, wherein clamping devices are used to facilitate subsequent lowering of the mast for maintenance or removal.
19. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein steel or other suitable material rods or wires are connected parallel or at an angle to the tubular mast structure (extended shaft) attached to spacers located at several positions along the axis of mast.
20. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 19 wherein the rods or wires are pre-stressed.
21. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 19 or Claim 20, wherein a tensioning device is used to cyclically pre-stress the support rods, the tensioning device may be hydraulic, electrically operated or mechanical.
<Desc/Clms Page number 7>
22. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 20 wherein a load detection device is employed in conjunction with the tensioner such that the tension is adjusted relative to the external applied load to reduce mast motion or stress levels and improve fatigue life.
23. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a generator is located in the submerged hull and rotated remotely by hydraulic drive from the rotor.
24. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 23 wherein the generator is mounted with its axis vertical in the hull to enable the use of a very large diameter generator with subsequent improved power efficiency.
25. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the rotor blades are fixed to the turbine axle subsequent to the installation of the support structure and to the shaft being partially or fully extended.
26. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any of claims 1 to 24, wherein the rotor hub and blades are hinged to the top of the shaft at a horizontal angle enabling said hub and blades to be fitted to the structure prior to tow out and foundation installation.
27. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in Claim 26, wherein the blades are hinged to the rotor hub and a hydraulic jacking mechanism is provided such that the blades can be rotated into horizontal alignment.
28. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the hoist is used to position the rotor hub and blades in the desired vertical position after foundation installation and shaft extension operations.
29. A floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structure substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
30. A method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures to enhance dynamic stability in the combined system, the structures each having a watertight hull, a gravity or suction foundation located at or on a lakebed or seabed, one or more buoyancy devices connected to said watertight hull, the watertight hull and buoyancy device assembly being tethered to said foundation such that excess buoyancy is manifested as a force in the tethers, said tethers thus remaining taut and providing additional stability, and a shaft which extends upwardly from the hull, said shaft being telescopically extendable, the method comprising the interconnection of one or more of the structures by horizontal or nearly horizontal flexible connectors, said connectors having a stiffness and pretension selected to ensure that horizontal restraining forces acting between the floating structures are transferred through the connectors in partial or complete opposition to the environmental loadings to which each structure is independently subject.
<Desc/Clms Page number 8>
31. A method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures as claimed in Claim 30, wherein adjacent connected structures are placed at such a distance as to be subject as far as possible to a differing phase of the wave cycle at the same instant i. e. water particle velocity on each structure will have a different relative motion.
32. A method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures as claimed in Claim 30 or Claim 31, wherein an anchor structure is used to reduce the overall motions of the combined support structures.
33. A method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures as claimed in Claim 32, wherein the anchor structure consists of one or more mid water float chambers tethered to the seabed and tethered to one or more of the floating support structures.
34. A method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures as claimed in any of claims 30 to 33, wherein the method uses damping devices, e. g. springs, chains attached to the tethers between support structures or anchor and support structures in order to influence the stiffness and motions of the system.
35. A method of combining two or more floating wind turbine or general equipment installation and support structures substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
GB0205207A 2001-08-16 2002-03-06 Floating offshore windtower Expired - Fee Related GB2378679B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0414500A GB2400823B (en) 2001-08-16 2002-03-06 Floating offshore windtower farm

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0119969.4A GB0119969D0 (en) 2001-08-16 2001-08-16 Floating offshore windtower

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0205207D0 GB0205207D0 (en) 2002-04-17
GB2378679A true GB2378679A (en) 2003-02-19
GB2378679B GB2378679B (en) 2005-05-18

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GB0119969D0 (en) 2001-10-10
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