CN107250534A - The floating wind turbine structure and its Weight-optimised method of tower height reduction - Google Patents
The floating wind turbine structure and its Weight-optimised method of tower height reduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN107250534A CN107250534A CN201580067529.8A CN201580067529A CN107250534A CN 107250534 A CN107250534 A CN 107250534A CN 201580067529 A CN201580067529 A CN 201580067529A CN 107250534 A CN107250534 A CN 107250534A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
- F03D7/0268—Parking or storm protection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
- B63B39/005—Equipment to decrease ship's vibrations produced externally to the ship, e.g. wave-induced vibrations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
- F03D7/0228—Adjusting blade pitch of the blade tips only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
- F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/342—Wave conditions, e.g. amplitude, frequency or direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the method and wind turbine structure for optimizing wind turbine and offshore ground weight.Wind turbine is based on the wave height operation measured, and this allows tower height to reduce so that the ratio of the length of tower height and wind turbine blade is more than 0.5.If the wave height measured exceeds predetermined threshold value, rotor is parked in predeterminated position, and the spacing between the predeterminated position wind turbine blade tip and sea level is maximum or minimum.The monitoring unit set with respect to wind turbine has detected whether that one or more targets are located in monitor area.If target is located in monitor area, wind turbine is closed and rotor goes to rest position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of optimizing wind turbine construction weight, it includes the wind being arranged on offshore ground
Power turbine.
The invention further relates to a kind of wind turbine structure, it is included with being set to the offshore for being mounted on offshore position
Wind turbine on base.
Background technology
It is well known that the floating ground for wind turbine is designed as under operation and extreme case, wind whirlpool
The large-scale heavy type structure of the enough stability of turbine offer and buoyancy.It it is known that in wind turbine pitch, wind turbine
Pylon serves as large-scale moment arm, therefore the floating ground moment of flexure that floating ground is subject to when must also offset inclination.Traditionally, pass through
The size and weight for increasing floating ground solve this problem, which increase production cost, alternatively, and installation cost.
In addition, need extra structural strength at the top of wind turbine tower, to balance this moment of flexure and due to wind load
And wave loadings make the structural loads that wind turbine tower is subject to.Normally, this passes through the top of wind turbine pylon
End increase additional materials are solved, and thus increase the weight of wind turbine tower, and thus increase production cost.
The tower height that wind turbine should have is wind turbine blade length two between three times, this offer
Optimum balance at height between the cost of wind turbine tower and the power output capacity of increase.
The A1 of U.S. Patent application US 2014/0219797 of the applicant, disclose the local change on floating ground
Pitch wind turbine, it is moored in sea bed.The wind turbine includes two panels wind turbine blade, and every has connection
To the inner blade portion of the outer blade section of variablepiston, outer blade section feather acts on permanent to generally remain to rotor hub
Fixed synthesis thrust magnitude.Due to this feather scheme, therefore the size and weight of floating ground can reduce.
The A1 of EP 2080899 disclose the two-blade wind turbine on the column float-type ground floated, the ground
Base anchors to sea bed via the anchoring cable for being connected to bottom.In this configuration, drive mechanism is arranged on floating ground, elasticity
Flexible tower portion and rotor shaft part are located between rotor and drive mechanism.The pressure and load concentration of wind turbine
On the resilient parts, thus they be likely to failure.Further, since rotor and wind turbine tower are relative to floating ground
The big slant range of base, wind turbine tower still will bear big moment of flexure.
The B2 of US 8192160 also disclose that the wind turbine on the column float-type ground floated, ground warp
Anchored by the anchoring cable for being connected to ground side to sea bed., can be by being arranged in floating ground in normal operation
Ballast tank be pumped into water or pump out water from ballast tank, and the length of anchoring cable is adjusted simultaneously, to adjust cabin relative to name
The height on sea level.The quantity of ballast tank is adjusted based on wind speed.Governor motion and its sealing device add floating ground
Complexity and production cost.The tensioning of anchoring cable result in the accelerated wear test between each anchor ring, and then shorten grappling
The working life of system.
The A1 of US 2010/0119370 disclose a kind of wind turbine, and the control system control of wherein wind turbine becomes
Pitch mechanism, and it is connected to wave-height sensing device.Set-up of control system is determines based on the measurement data from wave-height sensing device
Wave heights (wave height).Control system sends control signal to pulp distance varying mechanism, and the pulp distance varying mechanism is then by wind turbine
Thus vane propeller-changing makes rotor stall away from making it not by wind effect when detecting billow.This application does not refer to ground base class
The height of type or wind turbine.
Goal of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of solution for solving above-mentioned problem of the prior art.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of optimizing wind turbine pylon and the method for the weight of offshore ground.
It is an object of the present invention to provide the method for another operation wind turbine, it allows the height of wind turbine
Degree reduction.
It is an object of the present invention to provide another wind turbine structure, it allows to optimize while moment of flexure is reduced
The weight of wind turbine tower and offshore ground.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention realizes that wind turbine structure includes by the method for the weight of optimizing wind turbine structure
The wind turbine on offshore ground is arranged on, the wind turbine includes rotor, the rotor has at least two wind turbines
Machine blade and rotor hub, wind turbine also include wind turbine tower, wherein the method comprising the steps of：
- wind turbine is provided, the distance between extreme lower position of sea level and wind turbine blade tip be equal to or
Less than 20 meters,
- wave height is at least measured,
- according to the wave height operation wind turbine measured,
If-the wave height at least measured exceeds predetermined threshold value, by rotor fixed position in rest position, in the position wind turbine
Spacing between machine blade and sea level is maximum.
This provides the extreme lower position and mean sea level or nominal sea level by reducing wind turbine blade tip
Between spacing, the simple and easy method of the weight of optimizing wind turbine and the weight of offshore ground.Or, sea level can determine
Justice is the mean sea level of flood tide or the mean sea level of ebb.For example, sea level can be defined as the astronomical tidal potential of highest
(HAT) sea level or the sea level of ordinary high water springs position (MHWS).Ballast system is not needed according to wind speed or extreme
Carry out RELATIVE SEA LEVEL in the case of wind regime and wind turbine is raised and lowered.This method is particularly suitable for two panels or three
The wind turbine of piece wind turbine blade.
This arrangement provides another method of operation wind turbine, it allows to reduce tower height, and thus this also contract
The short moment arm of wind turbine structure.This moment of flexure for allowing wind turbine to be subject to can be substantially reduced, and thus save wind
The material and cost of power turbine pylon.This configuration also allows the size and weight for reducing offshore ground, because reducing by wind
Power turbine makes the stress and moment of flexure that offshore ground is subject to, therefore the further cost of reduction offshore ground.
It is according to the numerical value measured from various sensors or measuring unit, and/or the reasons why operation wind turbine, such as high
Wave, extreme wind regime, maintenance work, emergency or security situation as described below, rotor such as wind turbine blade,
It is parked in one or more predeterminated positions.Rotor can stay in a position so that in wind turbine blade it is at least a piece of with
Direction extension parallel with respect to wind turbine tower or vertical.Preferably, rotor stays in wind turbine blade and Hai Ping
There is the position of ultimate range between face.
According to one embodiment, predetermined threshold value is 18 meters or smaller, between preferably 5 to 15 meters.
Wind turbine, such as its control unit, monitor the wave height measured, and if the wave height measured exceeds at least one
Individual predetermined threshold value, activates parked program.Threshold value can be 18 meters or less, preferably 5 to 15 meters between, such as 10 meters or 12 meters.
Wave height can be measured as the distance from crest to trough, or from mean sea level to the amplitude of crest.The amplitude is used subsequently to
Calculate wave height.Or, wave height can be defined as the significant wave height (SWH) in preset period of time.
According to one embodiment, this method also includes determining that a piece of blade at least two panels wind turbine blade is long
Ratio between degree and the tower height of wind turbine tower, the wherein ratio of the wind turbine are more than 0.5.
The configuration causes the longitudinal length of every wind turbine blade, such as length of blade, with wind turbine tower
Longitudinal length, the ratio of such as tower height, can compared to conventional wind turbine increase.In conventional wind turbine,
Wind turbine layouts is so that its tower height having are at least twice of length of blade.This means to conventional wind whirlpool
The ratio of turbine, its length of blade and tower height is less than 0.5, but this configuration enables wind turbine to have reduction
Tower height, while maintaining the length of wind turbine blade.Due to shortening moment arm, it reduce the pitch velocity of cabin
And acceleration.This also a saving the material and weight on wind turbine tower top, because the material that the rigidity needed for realizing needs
Material is less, has thus saved cost.
Tower height can be selected as so that when the wind turbine blade tip of wind turbine structure is rotated most
The spacing having between lower position and sea level is equal to or less than 20 meters, preferably between 10 meters and 18 meters, such as 12 meters
Or 15 meters.
According to one embodiment, if the wave height measured is equal to or less than threshold value, wind turbine is normally to run mould
Formula is run.
When detecting low wave, the wave height such as measured is without departing from threshold value, and the wind turbine and therefore rotor are with normal
Operational mode is run.When the wind speed measured is equal to or more than rated wind speed or nominal wind velocity and is less than cut-out wind speed, the wind-force
Turbine is run with normal operation mode.In this normal operation mode, wind turbine blade exports feelings according to predetermined power
Condition feather, such as to maintain nominal power to export.Alternatively, the speed of rotor also can export situation according to predetermined power and adjust
It is whole.Based on the wind speed measured and the wave height measured, control unit, such as wind turbine control unit control wind turbine
And the therefore operation of rotor, as long as so that wave is maintained within the acceptable range, wind turbine can just continue to send out
Electricity.
In another embodiment, if the wave height measured is equal to or less than threshold value, wind turbine is normally to start mould
Formula is run.If the wind speed measured is less than specified or nominal wind velocity, and is alternatively equal to or greater than default incision wind speed, wind-force
Turbine is run with normal startup mode.In this operational mode, wind turbine blade is according to predetermined power situation Variable Pitch
It is 0 to propeller pitch angle, such as to produce maximum power output.This allows wind turbine persistently to generate electricity as described above.
According to one embodiment, if the wave height measured is higher than threshold value, wind turbine is run with shutdown mode.
If detecting high wave, the wave height for example measured exceeds threshold value, and wind turbine and therefore rotor are from just
Regular operation mode or start-up mode disconnect, and are converted into shutdown mode.In shutdown mode, control unit closes wind turbine
Machine, such as its drive mechanism, make it produce power-off really.Alternatively, power conversion unit cut-out external electrical network network.Wind-force whirlpool
The position that load in turbine blade feather to feather position or wind turbine blade is minimized.Can also be former due to other
Cause, such as extreme wind regime, maintenance work, security situation as described below or whether detect failure or emergency, will
Wind turbine switches to shutdown mode by control unit.
In shutdown mode, rotor goes to rest position, and is optionally locked to the position, for example, pass through locked rotor system
System.Brakes, such as hydraulic pressure or mechanical brake device, can be used for the rotation of braking/stopping rotor.Besides or furthermore ground,
The feather of wind turbine blade and/or the engine of reversing mode operation can be used to carry out brake rotors and rotated to stopping
Seated position.According to the wind speed and/or wave height or other reasonses measured, such as maintenance work, therefore rotor and wind turbine
Blade can stay in one or more predeterminated positions.
If wind turbine is two-blade wind turbine, then wind turbine blade can be parked in horizontal level or hang down
Straight position.In upright position, wind turbine blade is with parallel to the extension of the direction of wind turbine tower, wherein wind turbine
A piece of in machine blade extends downwardly along wind turbine tower.In horizontal level, wind turbine blade is with perpendicular to wind-force
The direction extension of turbine pylon.It reduce in extreme circumstances, such as billow exceedes cut-out wind speed beyond threshold value or wind speed
When, wave impacts the risk of wind turbine blade.If wind turbine is three blade wind turbine, then wind turbine
The a piece of upright position being parked in parallel to wind turbine tower in machine blade.In upright position, a piece of wind turbine leaf
Piece is extended downwardly along wind turbine tower or upwardly extended away from wind turbine tower.If this piece of wind turbine leaf
Piece is upward and away from wind turbine tower, then just reduce the wind that wave under extreme case impacts wind turbine blade
Danger.
According to a specific embodiment, the method further comprises predeterminable area of the monitoring relative to offshore ground, wherein
If detecting at least one movement target in this region, wind turbine is further run with shutdown mode.
Under security situation, wind turbine is run with shutdown mode, and wherein rotor is parked in predeterminated position, for example institute above
The horizontally or vertically position stated.The monitoring system for being connected to control unit detects any ship, need to rescue people, even with
Helicopter in wind turbine structure pre-determined distance.If detecting target within this distance, then control unit is closed such as
Upper described wind turbine.Monitoring system is defined around the place of safety of wind turbine, therefore reduction wind turbine blade
Strike the risk of ship in place of safety, distress personnel or helicopter.
Alternatively, monitoring system can determine that direction and the speed of ship, distress personnel or helicopter, therefore allow wind-force
Turbine only it is determined that target close to wind turbine in the case of shut down.Or, if control unit or monitoring system
System is received from the remote site or the command signal of remote unit transmissions positioned at ship or helicopter, and wind turbine can be closed
Close.Alternatively, the position according to the target relative to the orientation such as yaw angle of wind turbine rotor, and/or according to institute
Wind turbine blade optionally can be parked in upright position or horizontal position by the type of the target detected, control unit
Put.In addition, can also determine the rest position of wind turbine blade with the wave height and/or wind speed that measure.
According to one embodiment, positioning step also includes going off course cabin to rest position, and in the rest position, rotor is set
Put in the opposite side for providing the outer ladder to the passage of wind turbine.
Under shutdown mode, cabin is gone off course to predeterminated position, and alternatively, is locked in the position, for example, locked by going off course
Determine system.The yaw system active yawing being arranged on wind turbine, or utilization can be used to act on rotor for cabin
Wind passive yawing.Cabin and therefore rotor can be positioned on the outer ladder or other for providing the passage for arriving wind turbine structure
In the opposite side for structure of going on board.Can be before wind turbine blade goes to rest position, be during or after gone off course.
Any maintenance ship of this permission moves to the position of relative wind turbine outer platform, even if blade is parked in upright position.
One object of the present invention also realizes that the wind turbine structure includes by a kind of wind turbine structure：
- offshore ground installed in mount point is set to, the offshore ground includes the installation interface for wind turbine；
- be set to be arranged on offshore ground wind turbine tower, be arranged on the machine of wind turbines tower top
Cabin and the rotor for being rotatably mounted to cabin, rotor include the wind turbine blade that at least two panels is attached to rotor hub,
Wind turbine also includes control unit, and control unit is set to control the operation of wind turbine, wherein
- at least one measuring unit is set to measure wave height, and measuring unit is set to communicate with control unit, and its feature exists
In,
If-the wave height measured exceeds predetermined threshold value, wind turbine is also configured to rotor fixed position in rest position, should
Spacing of the rest position at least between two panels wind turbine blade and sea level is maximum, wherein sea level and at least two panels wind-force
The distance between extreme lower position of turbine blade tip is equal to or less than 20 meters.
This provides a kind of wind turbine structure, and it according to the wave height measured by running wind turbine, it is allowed to excellent
Change the weight of wind turbine tower and offshore ground.This configuration no longer needs ballast system to be risen according to wind speed RELATIVE SEA LEVEL
With decline wind turbine.This allows tower height and therefore the moment arm of wind turbine compares traditional offshore wind
Machine is reduced.The moment of flexure and stress being subject to this reduce offshore ground, it is meant that offset structure needed for these stress it is lighter and/or
It is smaller, thus save the cost of offshore ground.
According to one embodiment, offshore ground is floating ground.
Offshore ground can apply to install any type offshore ground of wind turbine in offshore position.The offshore
Ground can be single pole ground, gravity type ground, three pin grounds, jacket ground, three pile foundations or floating ground.Floating ground
Base can be any type of floating structure, including at least one, two, three or more buoyancy tanks.
According to one embodiment, the distance between sea level and extreme lower position is between 10 meters to 18 meters.
Compared to traditional offshore wind turbines, the tower height of the wind turbine is reduced.The wind turbine is set to
The ratio of length of blade and tower height is set to be at least 0.5, preferably between 0.5 to 0.9.Traditional offshore wind turbines
Ratio is less than 0.5, because wind turbine tower is designed as at least twice that tower height is wind turbine blade length.Separately
Outside, traditional offshore wind turbines are typically designed to prevent about 18 meters of Mechanics of Extreme Wave from impacting wind turbine blade.This permits
Perhaps the spacing between the extreme lower position of wind turbine blade tip and sea level reduces.Due to tower height reduction, this also drops
The low pitch velocity and acceleration of cabin, therefore the material and weight on wind turbine tower top have been saved, thus reduce
Cost.
Tower height may be selected to be during rotation, the lowest order of the wind turbine blade tip of wind turbine structure
The spacing put between sea level is equal to or less than 20 meters, it is therefore preferable between 10 meters to 18 meters, such as 12 meters or 15 meters.
According to one embodiment, at least one measuring unit is arranged in wind turbine structure or relative offshore ground
Positioning.
Measuring unit is set to relative offshore ground or wind turbine and positioned, so that it can measure wave height.Measurement is single
Member may include radar, video camera, electromagnetic launcher and receiver or other be used for wireless measurement wave height suitable measurement apparatus.
Measuring unit can further comprise any suitable processing unit, such as microprocessor or other electronic circuit, be come with handling
The data of measurement device, and determine wave height or represent the signal of wave height.Or, measuring unit may include buoy or other settings
To be placed on the buoyancy piece on sea level or predetermined depth, for example Wave Sensor, sonar, gyroscope, one or more accelerometers,
GPS unit or in addition suitable measuring unit.Opposite measuring unit may be configured as being placed on sea bed, sonar for example upward.
It can be used to determine wave height with two or more measuring units.It is single that measuring unit can be connected to control by cable or wireless connection
Member.
According to one embodiment, wind turbine structure also includes at least one monitoring unit, and the monitoring unit is set to
The predeterminable area relative to offshore ground is monitored, wherein at least one monitoring unit is set to detect at least one in this region
Mobile target.
Monitoring unit is arranged on wind turbine or offshore ground, and is set to detection pre- with wind turbine structure
If the target in.Monitoring unit limits the monitor area around wind turbine, and is set to detection positioned at monitor area
Interior ship, distress personnel, berg or even helicopter.Monitoring unit may include radar, video camera, electromagnetic launcher and connect
Receive device or other suitable supervising devices for being used to detect target in monitor area.Monitoring unit also includes any suitable dress
Put, such as microprocessor or other electronic circuit, with processing data, and determine whether that target is located in monitor area.Control
Unit processed is set to communicate with monitoring unit by wired or wireless connection.This improves the security around wind turbine,
Because if target too close to or close to wind turbine, wind turbine will shut down, therefore reduce the mesh
Mark the risk blocked by wind turbine blade.
Besides or furthermore ground, monitoring unit may include optional gps receiver and communication module, the communication module is set to
Communicated with one or more external units on ship, life vest or helicopter or one or more outside hub websites.
Communication module can be communicated by very high frequency(VHF) (VHF) signal with external unit or external site.External site and/or external unit can
Form ship monitoring system (VMS), automatic recognition system (AIS), ship transport services (VTS) or other related systems
A part.This allows monitoring unit at least based on the position data received, determines whether ship, helicopter or personnel are located at prison
Control in region.This also allows monitoring unit or control unit to any ship or helicopter in monitor area, or very
To external system, such as traffic monitoring system, the position data of wind turbine is sent.
According to one embodiment, if being not received by the control signal from monitoring unit, wind turbine is set to
Run, wherein the control signal represents that at least one movement target is located in this region, or represented with normal operation mode
At least one movement target is without close to wind turbine.
As described above, when the target that do not detect in place of safety target and/or detect when determination not to
When wind turbine is moved, the control unit of wind turbine is set to run wind turbine in the normal mode.Herein just
Under regular operation mode, control unit may be configured as making the power output of wind turbine maximize or keep wind turbine
Nominal power is exported.Control unit may be configured as based on one or more suitable control signals from monitoring unit, just
Switch between regular operation mode and shutdown mode.The control signal can indicate whether that one or more mobile targets are located at this
In place of safety and/or whether one or more targets detected are close to wind turbine.
According to one embodiment, if the wave height measured is less than threshold value, wind turbine is set to normal operation mode
Operation.
As described above, in the normal operating mode, control unit is set to make wind-force whirlpool according to predetermined power output situation
Turbine blade feather.Feather can be performed by being connected to the local variable-pitch control system of control unit.This allows wind-force
Turbine persistently generates electricity when high wave is not detected.If the wave height measured exceeds threshold value, wind turbine machine-cut
Shift to shutdown mode.In this configuration, due to maximum allowable wave height, downtime can stopping higher than traditional offshore wind turbines
The machine time.
According to one embodiment, wind turbine includes three wind turbine blades.
Wind turbine in this configuration includes at least two panels or three wind turbine blades.Preferably, rotor is parked in
Predeterminated position, the spacing between wind turbine blade tip directed downwardly and sea level is maximum.For two-blade wind turbine,
This is realized by the way that wind turbine blade is gone into horizontal level.For three blade wind turbine, this is by by wind-force whirlpool
A piece of in turbine blade goes to upright position so that it extends and realized away from wind turbine tower.This is by wind turbine
The risk of machine they strike ship or other target is minimized.This also allows rotor to be passively or actively to be consistent with wind direction,
And thus it is tracked with the change of wind direction.
Alternatively, rotor is parked in predeterminated position, and the spacing between wind turbine blade directed downwardly and sea level is minimum.To double
For blade wind turbine, this is realized by the way that wind turbine blade is gone into upright position.To three blade wind turbine
For, this by a piece of in wind turbine blade by going to upright position so that it is along wind turbine tower to downward
Stretch and realize.This reduce by the total surface area for carrying out wind effect, this position is suitable for extreme wind regime or maintenance work.
Brief description of the drawings
Referring to the drawings, only by embodiment, present invention is described, wherein
Fig. 1 shows the conventional wind turbine installed in offshore ground；
Fig. 2 shows the one exemplary embodiment of the wind turbine structure according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows the one exemplary embodiment of the monitoring unit for detecting target in monitor area；
Fig. 4 shows the one exemplary embodiment of measuring unit first for measuring wave height；
Fig. 5 shows the one exemplary embodiment of measuring unit second for measuring wave height.
Hereinafter, accompanying drawing will be described one by one, different parts shown in the accompanying drawings and position are in different accompanying drawings
Middle use identical is marked.In the certain figures and part of not all instruction and position must all be discussed together with the accompanying drawing.
Reference numerals list
1 wind turbine
2 offshore grounds
3 wind turbine blades
4 inner blade portions
5 outer blade sections
6 feather attachment means
7 rotor hubs
8 cabins
9 wind turbine towers
10 sea level
11 wind turbines
12 offshore grounds
13 wind turbine towers
14 sea beds
15 anchor lines, chain
16 monitoring units
17 targets, ship
18 measuring units, buoy
19 buoyancy pieces
20 anchor lines
21 measuring units, sonar
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the conventional wind turbine 1 being arranged on offshore ground 2.Wind turbine 1 herein is shown as double leaf
Piece wind turbine, but it may include three wind turbine blades.Wind turbine blade 3 herein is shown as local and becomes oar
Away from blade, but wind turbine blade 3 can be extreme span blade.Wind turbine blade 3 is included by feather attachment means 6
It is connected to the inner blade portion 4 of outer blade section 5.Wind turbine blade 3 is attached to rotor hub 7, and rotor hub 7 is rotatable
Ground is connected to cabin 8.Cabin 8 is arranged on the top of the wind turbine tower 9 with default tower height.
In this embodiment, the length of the wind turbine blade 3 of wind turbine 1 and the tower of wind turbine tower 9
Ratio between frame height is less than 0.5.Cabin 8 and rotor hub 7 are placed in the default hub height of RELATIVE SEA LEVEL 10, so as to
There is enough spacing between the sophisticated extreme lower position of wind turbine blade 3 and sea level 10.
Offshore ground 2 is shown here as floating ground, but can be different types of offshore ground, such as single pole ground, three
Pin ground, jacket ground or gravity type ground.
Fig. 2 shows the one exemplary embodiment of the wind turbine 11 and offshore ground 12 according to the present invention.Implement herein
In example, the tower height of wind turbine 11 is lower than wind turbine 1.
Wind turbine 11 includes wind turbine tower 13, and the tower height of the wind turbine tower 13 is less than wind-force
2 times of the length of blade of turbine blade 3, therefore ratio is more than 0.5, preferably between 0.5 to 0.9.In this embodiment
The length of blade of wind turbine blade 3 of the wind turbine blade 3 with being shown in Fig. 1 is identical.This shortens wind turbine
11 moment arm, and the moment of flexure of wind turbine 11 is therefore reduced, which thereby reduces the pitch velocity of cabin 8 and acceleration
Degree.This also a saving the material and cost of wind turbine tower 13.The tower height of reduction also means wind turbine tower
Frame 13 has higher resonant frequency, therefore its more difficult produces is resonated.
Offshore ground 12 is shown here as floating ground, and any kind of offshore ground mentioned above alternatively can be used.
Due to the tower height and the hub height that therefore reduces of reduction, the stress and moment of flexure that offshore ground 12 is subject to are less than offshore ground
2 stress being subject to and moment of flexure.This means the size of the offshore ground 12 in this embodiment and/or weight are less than offshore ground 2
Size and/or weight because provide stabilized platform needed for quality it is smaller.This thus saved offshore ground 12 material and
Cost.
In this embodiment, the spacing between the tip of wind turbine blade 3 and sea level 10 is excellent equal to or less than 25 meters
Selection of land is between 5 meters and 20 meters.
Fig. 3 shows the wind turbine 11 being arranged on offshore ground 12, and offshore ground 12 passes through one or more anchor
Alignment 15, such as grappling chain, are fixed to sea bed 14.One or more monitoring units 16 are arranged on offshore ground 12.Monitoring is single
Member 16 is set to detect any mobile target 17 in monitor area, such as ship.Monitoring unit 16 includes radar, and radar is set
For transmission electromagnetic signal, such as radio wave, and reflected signal of the reception from the target 17 positioned at monitor area.Monitoring unit 16
Also including electronic circuit, such as microprocessor, it is set to analyze received signal, and determines whether target 17 is located at monitoring
In region, direction and/or the speed of target 17 are alternatively also determined.This defines the peace around wind turbine structure 11,12
The whole district.
Monitoring unit 16 monitors monitor area and sends signal or instruction, table to the control unit positioned at wind turbine 11
Improving eyesight mark 17 is located in monitor area.Wind turbine 11 is switched to shutdown mode by subsequent control unit, is turned in this mode
Son is parked in predeterminated position.In rest position, rotor and therefore wind turbine blade 3 goes to horizontal level as shown in Figure 3,
Alternatively this position is positioned at using rotor latch system.It reduce the accidental impact of wind turbine blade 3 to target 17
Risk.When monitoring unit 16 determines that no target 17 is located in monitor area, secondary signal or instruction are sent to control unit.With
Wind turbine 11 and rotor are switched to normal operation mode or normal startup mode by control unit according to the wind speed measured afterwards.
Fig. 4 shows the first one exemplary embodiment of the measuring unit 18 that relative ground 12 is set.Measuring unit 18 is set
For example using Wave Sensor, gps receiver or one or more accelerometers, to measure the wave height on relatively nominal sea level.
Measuring unit 18 includes buoyancy piece 19, and the very best part of such as buoy is set to be placed in sea level 10 so that it follows the movement of wave.
Buoyancy piece 19 is fixed to sea bed 14 via one or more anchor lines 20.A measuring unit 18 is shown here only, but can be made
With two or more measuring units 18.
The continuous or periodic measurement wave height of measuring unit 18, and transmit measurement signal to wind-force via wired or wireless connection
The control unit of turbine 11.Control unit is it is later determined that wave height and compared it with predetermined threshold value.Alternatively, measuring unit 18
Send including electronic circuit, such as microprocessor, its determination wave height and to control unit the signal for showing wave height.Threshold value can be 18
Rice is less, it is preferable that between 5 to 15 meters.If the wave height measured exceeds threshold value, control unit switches wind turbine
To shutdown mode, rotor is placed in rest position.When the wave height measured is brought down below threshold value, control unit will according to the wind speed measured
Wind turbine 11 and rotor switch to normal operation mode or normal startup mode.It reduce wave impact wind-force when rotating
The risk of turbine blade 3.
Fig. 5 shows the second one exemplary embodiment of measuring unit.In this embodiment, measuring unit 21 is arranged on sea bed
On 14 and via the wired or wireless control unit for being connected to wind turbine 11.Measuring unit 21 is set to for example use
The sonar of sonar form, measures the wave height on relatively nominal sea level 10 upward.
Measuring unit 21 launches acoustical signal, such as ping to sea level 10, and receives the reflection letter from sea level 10
Number, the reflected signal is shown in broken lines in Figure 5.Measuring unit 21 or control unit are it is later determined that wave height.It will then measure
Wave height is compared with threshold value as described above.
The invention is not restricted to illustrated embodiment or embodiment described herein and can not depart from invention right
It is required that modifying or adjusting in the case of described the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of method of optimizing wind turbine construction weight, the wind turbine structure includes being arranged on offshore ground
Wind turbine, the wind turbine includes rotor, and the rotor is with least two panels wind turbine blade and rotor
Wheel hub, the wind turbine also includes wind turbine tower, and wherein methods described includes step：
- to the wind turbine, between the sophisticated extreme lower position of sea level and at least two panels wind turbine blade away from
From equal to or less than 20 meters,
- wave height is at least measured,
- according to the wave height operation wind turbine measured,
If-the wave height at least measured exceeds predetermined threshold value, by rotor fixed position in rest position, in the rest position at least two panels
Spacing between wind turbine blade and sea level is maximum.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes determining at least two panels wind turbine
The ratio of the tower height of a piece of length of blade and wind turbine tower in blade, wherein the ratio of the wind turbine
Value is more than 0.5.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described if the wave height measured is equal to or less than threshold value
Wind turbine is run with normal operation mode.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that predetermined threshold value is 18 meters or lower, preferably
Ground, is between 8 meters to 18 meters.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that if the wave height measured is more than threshold value, wind
Power turbine is run with shutdown mode.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that methods described also includes monitoring pre- relative to offshore ground
If region, if wherein detecting at least one movement target in this region, the wind turbine is further with shutdown
Mode operation.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that also include going off course cabin the step of positioning
To rest position, the opposite side of the outer ladder provided to the passage of wind turbine is arranged in rotor described in the position.
8. a kind of wind turbine structure, including：
- offshore ground installed in mount point is set to, the offshore ground includes the installation interface for wind turbine,
Wind turbine tower that-the wind turbine includes being set to being arranged on offshore ground, it is arranged on wind turbine
The cabin of machine tower top and the rotor for being rotatably mounted to cabin, the rotor are attached to rotor wheel including at least two panels
The wind turbine blade of hub, the wind turbine also includes control unit, and described control unit is set to control wind-force whirlpool
The operation of turbine, wherein
- at least one measuring unit is set to measure wave height, and the measuring unit is set to communicate with control unit, and its feature exists
In,
- wind turbine is also configured to, if the wave height measured exceeds predetermined threshold value, by rotor fixed position in rest position, in institute
State spacing of the stop position at least between two panels wind turbine blade and sea level maximum, wherein sea level and at least two panels wind-force
The distance between sophisticated extreme lower position of turbine blade is equal to or less than 20 meters.
9. wind turbine structure according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the offshore ground is floating ground.
10. wind turbine structure according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that the sea level and the lowest order
The distance between put between 10 meters to 18 meters.
11. the wind turbine structure according to claim 8 or 10, it is characterised in that at least one measuring unit is set
In wind turbine structure or with respect to the positioning of offshore ground.
12. the wind turbine structure according to any one of claim 8-11, it is characterised in that the wind turbine
Structure also includes at least one monitoring unit, and the monitoring unit is set to predeterminable area of the monitoring relative to offshore ground, its
Described at least one monitoring unit be set to detect this region at least one move target.
13. wind turbine structure according to claim 12, it is characterised in that if be not received by from least one
The control signal of individual monitoring unit, the wind turbine is set to run with normal operation mode, wherein the control signal
Represent that at least one described movement target is located in this region, or represent at least one described movement target without close to wind-force
Turbine.
14. the wind turbine structure according to any one of claim 8-11, it is characterised in that if the wave height measured
Less than threshold value, the wind turbine is set to run with normal operation mode.
15. the wind turbine structure according to any one of claim 8-14, it is characterised in that the wind turbine
Including three wind turbine blades.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201470776A DK178808B1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Floating wind turbine structure with reduced tower height and method for optimising the weight thereof |
| DKPA201470776 | 2014-12-12 | ||
| PCT/DK2015/050326 WO2016091263A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2015-10-27 | Floating wind turbine structure with reduced tower height and method for optimising the weight thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107250534A true CN107250534A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
Family
ID=56106754
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580067529.8A Pending CN107250534A (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2015-10-27 | The floating wind turbine structure and its Weight-optimised method of tower height reduction |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170321653A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3230584B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2017537266A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107250534A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK178808B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2925357T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT3230584T (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016091263A1 (en) |
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| CN112283048A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-29 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Wind turbine generator blade clearance detection method and device |
| CN113631952A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-11-09 | 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 | Wind turbine with sea level wave characteristic determination |
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| US10387023B2 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2019-08-20 | Ensco Services Limited | Going on location feasibility |
| FR3042548B1 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-11-17 | Christophe Stevens | SYSTEM FOR STORING AND GENERATING ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR AQUATIC AND SUBAQUATIC ENVIRONMENT |
| US10309374B2 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-06-04 | Makani Technologies Llc | Energy kite winching using buoyancy |
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| KR20200067132A (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2020-06-11 | 소니 주식회사 | Programmable polymeric drugs |
| KR20200135424A (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2020-12-02 | 소니 주식회사 | Use of divalent metals to enhance fluorescence signal |
| CN109441732A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-08 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | A kind of vertical axis floating blower of box foundation |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3230584A4 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
| DK201470776A1 (en) | 2016-06-27 |
| US20170321653A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| EP3230584A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
| EP3230584B1 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
| DK178808B1 (en) | 2017-02-13 |
| ES2925357T3 (en) | 2022-10-17 |
| PT3230584T (en) | 2022-08-12 |
| JP2017537266A (en) | 2017-12-14 |
| WO2016091263A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
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Application publication date: 20171013 |