DE102011015881A1 - Crane, particularly boom crane, crawler crane or ship crane, for lifting load over head part of its cantilever for buildings-, bridges- and plant construction, has load retaining device connected with load lifting device on support device - Google Patents

Abstract

The crane has a cantilever arm, which is articulated at its lower ends at a support device or a rotating assembly (12). The cantilever arm is pivoted by a pivot drive around a horizontal axis. A load retaining device is connected with a load lifting device on the support device. A carriage is guided and held at the cantilever arm. The carriage has a guiding unit that is provided with a guide. The guide cooperates with the guiding unit. The carriage is displaced on the support device along the cantilever arm by a traverse drive. The load retaining device is attached at the carriage.

Description

So-called jib cranes usually lift loads over the head of their jib. This applies to most cranes and crawler cranes and also to ship cranes. The disadvantage of the boom cranes is that the loads are lifted, held, positioned or lowered above the highest point. Inevitably, this results in that the boom with its greatest buckling length claimed and is to be sized accordingly. A particular disadvantage is that the loads are lifted with one or more ropes on the head portion of the boom, ie over the highest point of the boom. This results in extra long lengths, since the rope between the boom head and load is without guidance and load and rope thus form a long pendulum.

The pendulum action is difficult to control especially in wind. When used on the coast, especially offshore, therefore often can not be worked if the wind damage is too strong.

The problem described is exacerbated in the installation of wind turbines. As is known, the towers of wind turbines have a considerable height. The nacelle supporting the rotor is usually placed on top of a tower. The work to be done here must be carried out with great precision, which is difficult to accomplish by large pendulum lengths of the mounting cranes. When used offshore such work by flow, wave and wind impaired further.

The invention has for its object to provide a jib crane in which caused by more or less large rope lengths of the load-bearing device pendulum effects are largely avoided.

This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1.

In the jib crane according to the invention, a carriage is guided on the extension arm, which has guide means. The cantilever arm has an axially parallel guide with which the guide means cooperate. The carriage is movable by means of a travel drive on the carrier along the boom, and the load bearing device is mounted on the carriage.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the carriage, the z. B. is designed as a grid construction with sliding surfaces or rollers as guide means which are movable along guide profiles of the cantilever arm. It will be appreciated that the guide and guide means are adapted to effectively transfer the load torque from the load suspended on the load receiving device to the boom arm.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the cantilever arm is designed as a rod or grid construction with a square, rectangular or polygonal cross-section. A grid-shaped embodiment of a cantilever arm is well known. Furthermore, tubular longitudinal profiles can be provided on the outer edges of the cantilever arm, wherein the tubular longitudinal profiles form the guide.

Alternatively, the cantilever could be tubular. This can absorb particularly large pressure forces.

As mentioned, the carriage receives the load bearing device. Because of the power transmission, it is therefore advantageous if, according to one embodiment of the invention, the extension of the carriage in the axial direction of the cantilever arm is at least twice as large as a side length of the cross section of the cantilever arm. If, for example, the square cross-section has a dimension of 1.5 × 1.5 m, then the carriage has z. B. a length of 4 m.

The carriage can be guided on rails on the side facing the ground of the boom. In this case, the cross section of the cantilever arm z. B. triangular, with a surface facing the ground.

According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one deflection roller is mounted below the carriage via a hoist cable that is connected to a hoist winch on the carrier device. In order to limit a pendulum effect, a two-link connection is preferably provided. The carriage is provided with a travel drive, which preferably has a cable drive according to one embodiment of the invention, wherein at least one cable is guided over the upper end (boom head) of the boom and connected to a winch on the carrier.

Particularly advantageous, the invention is applicable to a double boom, which has two parallel spaced boom arms. These lead and hold according to an embodiment of the invention in each case a carriage, and the carriages are connected via a cross-member, which has or holds the load-receiving device. The load-carrying device on the traverse is preferably designed so that the loads to be lifted and positioned can be firmly connected to the receiving device. This generally applies to any sled and boom configuration. So can be mounted on the carriage gripping means that can temporarily fix a recorded object on the carriage.

In one embodiment of the invention, the load-carrying device on the crossbar is laterally displaceable. It can also be mounted rotatably about a vertical axis on the traverse. The traverse can be mounted rotatably about its longitudinal axis on the cantilever arms.

Since the boom is subjected to bending, a tether is preferably provided which engages the slide frame and is connected to a winch to counteract the bending moment on the boom.

The crane according to the invention has a number of advantages. It is particularly suitable for offshore operations, ie on ships, pontoons and jack-up islands, which are exposed to particularly strong wind effects. The crane according to the invention is also suitable for all crane, assembly and disassembly work on land with structural measures in building construction, bridge construction and plant construction.

Many of the uses described above require the use of two cranes to better carry the loads. Such use can be avoided in the inventive concept.

A further advantage of the invention is that the load receptacles can be made on a narrow rotational radius, so that the pivoting moments can be kept relatively small. It is advisable to initially raise the load to a narrow pivoting radius, to position the load on the connecting line between the center of the turntable and the center of excursion, then to support the boom on the ground or on the pontoon before the load is lifted or lowered by the carriage or crossbar to pull the boom upwards. Since the support torque of the crane on the support of the boom is significantly increased, much larger loads can be lifted and positioned at greater distances.

The embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings.

1 shows a jib crane with features of the invention in a schematic representation,

2 shows a top view of the crane 1 ,

3 shows enlarged the boom area of the crane 1 with a cantilever arm.

4 shows a section through the boom after 3 ,

5 shows a section through another embodiment of a boom for an application according to the invention.

6 shows another possible cross section of a boom with sliding frame.

7 shows a section through two extension arms, which are connected by a crossbar.

8th shows a representation of the crane according to the invention with a tracked vehicle as a carrier device.

9 shows a crawler crane similar to 8th , so that the same parts are given the same reference numerals.

10 shows the crawler crane 9 with gripping means for transporting a rotor for a wind turbine.

11 shows in perspective a part of a boom for a crane with a guided on the boom slide.

12 shows a section through the illustration 11 in the field of the carriage.

13 shows enlarged the part provided with a circle after 12 ,

On a carrier 10 to 1 is a turntable 12 supported, which is not shown in detail. It also relies on the carrier 10 a tower-like shaft 14 from. At the outer rim of the turntable 12 is a boom 16 hinged, the - how out 2 can be seen - from two parallel spaced boom arms 16a and 16b consists. A rope 18 is with the head of the boom arms 16a . 16b Connected and is over the top of the shaft 14 to a winch 20 on the carrier 10 diverted. With the help of the winds 20 becomes the inclination of the boom 16 set (when it is subsequently spoken of a rope, then it is understood that including a plurality of ropes can be understood). Two recording devices 22 . 24 are located in the head area of the boom 16 , which are operated by hoisting ropes, which in turn are operated by winches. This is conventional and should therefore not be further described.

The boom arms 16a . 16b are designed as a lattice or framework and have a uniform, square cross section (box profile) over its length. Around each cantilever arm 16a . 16b is a sliding frame 26 laid out as a sled, the on not shown guide profiles of the boom arms 16a . 16b in the longitudinal direction of the extension arms 16a . 16b is guided. In 2 It can be seen that each extension arm has a slide frame 26a . 26b having, wherein the slide frame 26a . 26b via a cross connection (traverse 28 ) are connected. By means of pull ropes 30 . 32 can the slide frame 26a . 26b in their position on the cantilever arms 16a . 16b be set. In 1 It can be seen that a different position of the slide frame is indicated above and below in phantom lines. The double arrow 34 should the displacement of the sliding frame 26a . 26b Show.

At the Traverse 28 is a load handling device 36 appropriate. In 1 is shown as a load 38 from the load-bearing device 36 is included. While the traction ropes for the positioning of the slide frame 26a . 26b above the extension arms 16a . 16b run, run ropes 40 for lifting or lowering the load 38 on the load-carrying device 36 below the extension arms 16a . 16b ,

In 1 a tether connects the slide frame 26 with a carrier-side winch, wherein a deflection takes place via the upper end of the jib. This will cause a bending force on the boom 16 compensated.

In 3 is the boom arm 16b slightly enlarged compared to 1 shown. It can be seen that a first pull rope 30c over an upper pulley 42 is guided to a winch, not shown on the carrier. A second pull rope 30d is over a pulley 44 on the top of the boom 16b connected with a winch. The ropes 30c and 30d grip the top of the slide frame 26b at the associated ends of this. A lower stopper 46 and an upper stopper 48 limit the travel of the slide frame 26b ,

In 3 It can also be seen that at the edges of the profile of the cantilever arm 16b pipes 50 are provided, which are good for a guide of the sliding frame 26b suitable. The sliding frame 26b has corresponding guide means in the form of sliding surfaces or rollers or the like.

4 shows in section the box profile of the boom 16b respectively. 16a with the tube profiles 50 in the edge areas. In 4 is also the slide frame 26b to recognize the pipe profiles 50 is guided. He wears - as already described - the load bearing device 36 hanging on ropes. The slide frame has for this purpose corresponding pulleys 52 on. In the present case, the load receiving device is shown as a hook. It is understood that another load bearing system can be provided with the z. B. the load can be firmly connected.

5 differs from 4 insofar as there is a cantilever arm 26c has a tubular cross-section. Accordingly, also has a slide frame 26c circular cross-section on the boom 16c is performed in the same way as in connection with 3 was explained. It should be hereby merely indicated that any or suitable cross-section can be used for the boom, as far as it can also be used to guide a slide frame.

In 6 Finally, it is indicated that the crane boom can also have a different rectangular or square cross-section. In 6 he is octagonal.

In 7 is the boom 16 to 1 shown in section with the cantilever arms 16a . 16b and the associated slide frame 26a . 26b , You can also see the Traverse 28 Both sliding frames 26a . 26b combines. The traverse 28 can with the slide frame 26a . 26b be articulated to allow pivoting of the traverse about its axis. The operation for this is not shown. The traverse 28 also has a guide section in the central area 28a on, on the a car 56 is movable. A double arrow 58 indicates the lateral mobility of the car 56 at. The operation for this is also omitted. The load-carrying device 36 hangs on the hoisting ropes 40 that - as in 7 can be seen - each below the boom arms 16a . 16b are guided and over pulleys 59 at the bottom to laterally inward into the space between the boom arms 16a . 16b to be guided to the load-carrying device 36 , With this construction, it is possible to accurately position a load with minimum pendulum length of the load.

In 8th is a boom 100 from a grid or truss on a tracked vehicle 102 hinged. There is also a jib 104 also on the tracked vehicle 102 hinged. The outriggers 100 . 104 are inclined to different sides. The tendency of laying out 100 is about ropes 106 set at the top of the boom 100 are connected and via pulleys 108 at the jib 104 to a winch on the tracked vehicle 102 are guided. The boom 100 is from a sliding frame 110 surrounded, according to the sliding frame 26 respectively. 26a . 26b the embodiments described above. On the slide frame 100 is a load handling device 112 attached in the form of a hook, with a load on the hook 114 hangs. hoisting ropes 116 are with the hook 112 connected and to a winch on the carrier 102 led to the height of the load 114 match. For this purpose, the sliding frame 110 corresponding pulleys 120 on. The height of the slide frame 110 on the boom 100 is about pull ropes 122 and 124 set at opposite ends on the slide frame 110 attack, on the side of the jib 104 is facing. The upper pull rope 122 is about a diversion 108 at the jib 104 also to a winch on the tracked vehicle 102 guided. Also the pull rope 124 becomes a winch on the tracked vehicle 102 guided. Like the above winches, the last mentioned are not in 8th shown.

A guy 126 is between the connection points for the traction cables 122 . 124 with the sliding frame 110 connected. The guy is over the diversion 108 at the upper end of the jib 104 led, also to a winch on the tracked vehicle. With the help of the tether and the associated winch, a force is applied to the slide frame 110 exerted to compensate for the bending moment caused by the load 114 and the slide frame 110 on the boom 100 is exercised.

The tracked vehicle 102 is with a first counterweight 130 provided, which is attached directly to the vehicle. About an arm 132 is another counterweight 134 provided that on wheels 136 can be supported. About ropes 138 grabs the counterweight 134 over the diversion 108 at the upper end of the jib 104 at the top of the jib 100 to prevent tilting at high loads. It is also possible the additional counterweight 134 lift something to it when pivoting the crane on the tracked vehicle 102 easy to move.

In the illustrated embodiments, the actual load stroke is done by pulling up the slide frame 100 , Additionally or alternatively, on the slide frame 110 a mechanical holding device, for. As a pair of pliers or the like may be provided. In this case, the load part to be lifted and positioned with the hoisting ropes becomes close to the slide frame 110 pulled, so that the load part can be absorbed by the pliers. Thus, the conditions for a pendulum-free lifting and accurate positioning and assembly are given. Finally, on the sliding frame 110 Also, an automatic assembly arrangement can be installed to perform high-altitude installation work automatically.

The crawler crane after 9 is largely similar to that 8th , One difference, however, lies in a sled 200 on the side of the jib facing the ground 100 is guided on this. The boom can z. B. be triangular in cross-section, as is made 11 and 12 evident. The operation of the carriage 200 takes place in the same way as in connection with 8th has been described. Out 13 it can be seen that the slide over guide means 202 features, with profile rails 204 of the jib 100 To cooperate, on the one hand, a slight sliding of the carriage 200 on the boom 100 on the other hand is suitable for the transmission of larger loads.

The in 10 shown crawler crane resembles the 9 , so that in turn the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The peculiarity in 10 is that on the sled 200 gripping means 206 attached to a recorded object fixed to the carriage 200 to fix, here a rotor 208 a wind turbine not shown. With the help of the load-carrying device 112 . 120 according to 9 can the rotor 208 are first raised to a certain height, then a fixation of the rotor 208 with the gripping means 206 on the sledge 20 to effect. Thereafter, the rotor can be driven by means of the carriage and the boom to the desired height for the purpose of mounting on a nacelle of the wind turbine, not shown.

Claims (15)

Crane with a boom, which is hinged at its lower end to a carrier or a turntable on the carrier and can be pivoted by means of a pivot drive about a horizontal axis, a relative to the boom movable load bearing device, which is connected to a load lifting device on the carrier characterized in that the boom is guided and held a carriage, the guide means, the arm has an axially parallel guide, with the guide means cooperate, the carriage is movable by means of a traversing drive on the carrier along the extension arm and the load receiving device to the Sled is attached. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriage is formed by a slide frame, which surrounds the boom at least partially. Crane according to claim 2, characterized in that the slide frame is formed as a grid construction with sliding surfaces or rollers as guide means which are movable along guide profiles of the extension arm. Crane according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cantilever arm is designed as a rod and lattice work with a square, rectangular or polygonal cross-section, with tubular longitudinal profiles at the outer edges, wherein the tubular longitudinal profiles form the guide. Crane according to claim 2, characterized in that the boom has a pipe profile and the slide frame is designed accordingly. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide of profile rails is formed on the side facing the ground of the cantilever arm and the guide means cooperate with the profile rails. Crane according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the extension of the carriage in the axial direction of the extension arm is at least twice as large as a side length of the cross section of the cantilever arm. Crane according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the traversing drive comprises a cable drive, wherein a cable is guided over the upper end (boom head) of the boom and connected at one end to a winch on the carrier. Crane according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that below the carriage at least one deflection roller is mounted for a rope of a load receiving device which is connected to a hoist winch on the carrier device. Crane according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that two parallel spaced boom arms form a Doppelarmausleger and each arm is guided and held a carriage and the carriages are connected via a crossbar, which has the load receiving device. Crane according to claim 10, characterized in that the load receiving device is displaceable by means of a displacement device along the traverse. Crane according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the load-receiving device is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis on the crossmember. Crane according to claim 10, characterized in that the traverse is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis on the cantilever arms. Crane according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the carriage engages a tether, which is deflected via an auxiliary arm and connected to a winch on the carrier, wherein the tether of a bending force on the boom, caused by the load received by the carriage, counteracts. Crane according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that on the carriage gripping means are arranged which define a recorded object on the carriage.

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