DE102010008449B4 - Infrared wall heating with flexible heating fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

Infrared wall heating with flexible heating fabric, in which a glass thread fabric (2.3) is provided as the heating fabric, into which carbon filaments (2.2) as the heating element (2) and metallic electrical conductors (2.1) are woven, the metallic, electrical conductors (2.1) being transverse lie to the carbon filaments (2.2) at both ends of the heating element (2) and tightly loop around the carbon filaments (2.2) and the heating element (2) is electrically protected on both sides by a layer of insulating film (1, 3) (Fig. 1). The wall heating is characterized in that at least two further layers of insulating film and an additional layer of non-woven and fabric are provided on both sides for in particular the mechanical protection of the heating element. The heater can thus be installed on a wall with a direct connection to the local power supply network, especially under plaster.

Description

The invention relates to an infrared wall heating with flexible heating fabric according to the preamble of claim 1. It relates to the field of electrothermal energy, in particular an infrared wall heating with flexible heating fabric, which at the same time meets the requirements of humans in terms of thermal comfort and aesthetics.

Wall heaters are mainly used as infrared heaters in living rooms, industrial halls and other similar facilities. Wall panel heaters can be retrofitted at any time and have the property of emitting a large amount of heat in the form of radiation. They are operated electrically and are therefore not necessarily dependent on fossil fuels. This is very beneficial as oil and gas rejection is becoming more likely due to the rapid pace of global warming. If the electrical energy for operating the wall heating is generated by wind or water power or solar systems, a heating system is available without any harmful CO2 emissions.

The wall heating according to the invention is based on a new, flexible infrared heating fabric and is extremely light due to the use of predominantly non-metallic materials. A heater of around 1.4 m ² weighs only 0.8 kg. There are no special demands on the wall to which pictures can be hung.

The infrared radiation is emitted from the wall heating immediately after the heating is switched on. The wall heating has only a small storage mass and the warm-up time is very short. A temperature of 60 ° C is reached after only five minutes. The user feels the pleasant radiant heat almost immediately.

It is also the case that the radiation warms people directly. The walls therefore do not have to be transported to people by means of the heat transfer medium air. This means that the air temperature can also be significantly lower than with predominantly convective systems, which results in noticeable energy savings.

There are different infrared heating systems with which this can be achieved. In the case of floor, wall or ceiling heating, hot water pipes are integrated into the corresponding space enclosing areas. The heat is then released directly to the environment (air) via a share (15-30%) in the form of convection. Compared to a standard radiator, convection and thus indoor air movement are significantly lower in infrared heating systems. The warm water is then usually generated by oil or gas heating or by using a heat pump. Such heating systems should, however, be taken into account when planning the building. Retrofitting these systems is not impossible, but this is associated with a considerable amount of construction work.

The wall heating systems are a very good alternative to the aforementioned systems. Any type of room can be retrofitted with them at any time. However, the infrared heaters available on the market have the disadvantage that their construction makes them very heavy, inflexible and, above all, expensive. The high weight is mainly due to the fact that materials such as steel plates or solid structures such as steel containers with sand fillings are used. Such infrared heaters weigh up to 20 kg and accordingly load-bearing walls are required. Furthermore, the manufacture of these heaters is characterized by many work steps and manual work.

Known flexible composition heaters have significant shortcomings, have a short lifespan, or the manufacturing process is too complicated or too expensive.

Through the DE 9215471 U1 and DE 20008737 U1 heating wallpapers are known which can be heated by means of electric current. Metallic resistors are used. Large wall areas of up to 10-15 m ^{2 are} required, with the heating elements being connected to direct current sources with up to 42 V. This requires very voluminous transformers. The installation of the heating elements and transformers requires a lot of work.

Is known by the FR 2171335 also a heating method in which the heating resistor element made of non-metallic material (e.g. graphite) and the composite material e.g. B. consist of thermoactive resin. In particular, the uncontrolled and uneven laying of the metallic, electrical conductors on graphite can lead to voltage peaks, which then ultimately destroy the flexible composition heating. It burns, so to speak. This shortcoming can only be dealt with in this process by complex sewing and targeted pressing of the conductor strips. This ultimately makes the flexible composition heating expensive.

Similar disadvantages also arise with a composition heater, which has become known through the RU 2046552. In this composition heater, the resistance element consists of an insulating material (paper, fabric or the like Material) with embossed carbon fibers. Some carbon fibers can break when the individual layers are pressed together. An uneven temperature pattern is created. The heating power is different for each flexible composition heater manufactured using this method. Furthermore, the contact between the metallic, electrical conductors and the tissue can be classified as poor due to the unevenness of the tissue. Inclusions of air cannot be excluded, which will later lead to the formation of bubbles on the surface of the flexible composition heater. Furthermore, the procedure according to RU 2046552 does not work without manual labor.

Although the disadvantage of the poor contact of the metallic electrical conductors with the flexible composition heater according to RU 2088049 was solved by electroplating the electrical conductors onto the resistance element, this method is extremely complex. Common materials, such as nonwoven carbon paper as a resistance element, cannot be used because they are damaged during the electroplating process.

1. 1. Heiztapete:
   • - Verwendung von metallische Wiederständen,
   • - große Wandflächen von bis zu 10-15 m² werden benötigt,
   • - angeschlossen wird an Gleichstrom bis zu 42 V, wodurch sehr voluminöse Transformatoren benötigt werden,
   • - großer Arbeitsaufwand.
2. 2. Flexible Kompositionsheizungen:
   • - ungenügender Kontakt zwischen dem Widerstandselement und dem metallischen elektrischen Leiter,
   • - geringe Lebensdauer (Durchbrennen der flexiblen Kompositionsheizung),
   • - Leistungsschwankungen (bis zu 20 %),
   • - teuer in der Herstellung, Handarbeit ist nicht ausgeschlossen,
   • - Blasenbildung im Bereich der metallischen elektrischen Leiter,
   • - ein Zusammenschrumpfen des Heizgewebes kann stattfinden, da verschiedene Fäden, die bei der Erwärmung die Heizgewebestruktur verändern, als Grundfäden verwenden werden.

In summary, it can be said that the flexible composition heaters described above have the following disadvantages:

1. 1.Heat wallpaper:
   • - use of metallic resistors,
   • - large wall areas of up to 10-15 m ² are required,
   • - is connected to direct current up to 42 V, which requires very voluminous transformers,
   • - great workload.
2. 2. Flexible composition heaters:
   • - insufficient contact between the resistance element and the metallic electrical conductor,
   • - short service life (burning of the flexible composition heater),
   • - performance fluctuations (up to 20%),
   • - expensive to manufacture, manual work is not excluded,
   • Blistering in the area of the metallic electrical conductors,
   • - Shrinking of the heating fabric can take place, since different threads, which change the heating fabric structure when heated, are used as basic threads.

Through the DE 10 2007 039 473 A1 However, heating of surfaces on sandwich elements and composite materials is already known, in which the surfaces are heated using a special glass fiber fabric, which is interwoven with carbon fibers as heating fabric, and in which the carbon fibers are heated by supplying electricity.

Through the DE 20 2009 003 858 A1 a heating fabric consisting of weft and warp threads is also known, with some of the weft threads and / or warp threads consisting of flexible, conductive carbon fibers. Another part of the weft threads and / or warp threads consists of flexible, synthetic fibers, which fulfill a supporting function in the fabric, and for energy supply, a third part of the weft threads and / or warp threads consists of metal threads that are coupled to a power source.

Furthermore, by the DE 758 724 an electric heater is known, which consists of a fabric in which electrical heating wires are inserted and in which the carrier of the wires consists of glass fibers.

After all, infrared heaters are also available through the DE 20 2006 017 492 U1 . DE 20 2008 007 358 U1 . DE 20 2009 009 228 U1 . DE 103 36 427 A1 and DE 24 45 334 A1 known. So the DE 2006 017 492 U1 an infrared wall panel heater according to the preamble of claim 1. However, this heater is installed in a frame that is mounted on a wall and is subject to mechanical damage. It can only be operated at a voltage up to 42 V in accordance with the DIN standard and therefore requires heavy transformers to lower the voltage from the local power supply network.

The object of the invention is to provide an infrared wall heating of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, with which the disadvantages mentioned above are eliminated and with which on the one hand a reliable contact of the metal conductor with the carbon filaments and on the other hand an effective protection of the heating element is achieved becomes.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Two additional layers of insulating film and an additional layer of nonwoven, fabric, ceramic, glass or a mirror are provided on both sides of the heating element for mechanical protection of the heating element and / or for thermal insulation and / or for decoration. The protection is designed in such a way that damage to the heating element when trying to attach nails or screws to the heating element is not possible. The additional layers are applied on both sides of the panel heaters and for example glued together with the other layers.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the wall heating elements are connected directly to a power source of 230 / 110V and mounted on a wall or installed under plaster on a wall.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the carbon threads consist of almost 100% carbon.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the wall surface heaters emit in the region of a wavelength of 10 μm. This fulfills the best requirements for heat absorption and comfort.

The wall surface heating can either be glued to the wall or hung up with appropriate commercially available hangers. The wall heating is extremely light due to the use of non-metallic materials. A wall heater with a size of 1.4 m ² and a weight of 0.8 kg is preferably used. The wall surface heater is designed in such a way that it requires a warm-up time of only five minutes to a temperature of 60 ° C due to the small storage mass.

Furthermore, only high-quality materials and elements are used that are industrially available and can be further processed by machine. Accordingly, the panel heaters can be made on the belt.

• 1 den Aufbau einer flexiblen Infrarot-Wandflächenheizung in Draufsicht;
• 2 eine Prinzipdarstellung der Infrarot-Wandflächenheizung der 1 mit weiteren Schichten;
• 3 eine Draufsicht auf die Infrarot-Wandflächenheizung mit prinzipiellen, technischen Aufteilungen des Heizgewebes auf mehrere Arbeitsfelder.

The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 the construction of a flexible infrared wall heating in top view;
• 2 a schematic diagram of the infrared wall heating 1 with additional layers;
• 3 a top view of the infrared wall heating with basic, technical divisions of the heating fabric over several work areas.

In 1 the structure of a flexible infrared wall heating is shown. The heater consists of three superimposed levels, of which the upper level and the lower level insulation levels 1 . 3 and the middle level is a heating element level 2 is. The isolation levels 1 . 3 are not shown further. Three layers of insulating film are arranged in each of these.

In the heating element level 2 is a glass thread fabric as the base material 2.3 used in the carbon filaments 2.2 are woven. Across these carbon filaments are in the glass fiber fabric 2.3 metallic electrical conductors in the form of metal threads 2.1 woven in on both sides. The metal threads wrap around it 2.1 the carbon filaments 2.2 firmly. The metal threads 2.1 are at junctions 2.4 connected to connecting cables to which a connector 2.5 connected. A voltage of 230/110 V is supplied to the heating element via this connector. The metal threads 2.1 who have favourited Carbon Filaments 2.2 and the glass thread fabric 2.3 are so loosely built that total failure damage due to nails etc. is not possible.

When the wall heating is switched on, the infrared radiation is emitted immediately afterwards at an angle of 180 °, and the heating to 60 ° C takes place in less than five minutes because the wall heating has only a small storage mass. The working surface temperature is typically 65 -70 ° C. The heat is emitted in the range of 8-10 µm. This fulfills the best requirements for heat absorption and comfort. The user feels the pleasant radiant heat almost immediately.

Inclusions of air, local voltage peaks and fluctuations in the heating power are excluded, as well as the burning of the flexible infrared wall heating and blistering on the surface. The heating fabric cannot shrink because glass threads are used as the base fabric.

The 2 shows a schematic of the levels mentioned 1 - 3 , These levels are each one level 4 respectively. 5 supplements above and below, being the level 4 on the back and the plane 5 is on the front of the wall heating. In the plane 4 fleece can be arranged as thermal insulation while in the plane 5 a fabric, for example for decorative purposes, may be present.

In 3 a fundamentally new division of the heating fabric can be seen. The cutouts in metal threads allow the heating fabric to be divided into several independently working electrical fields, which prevents the total failure of the heating fabric and the resistance and thus the temperature are constantly distributed over the entire surface.

Such a wall heating element typically has a size of only 1-1.4 m ² and a weight of less than 1 kg. It can be attached to the wall as a picture, for example glued or hung. However, it can also fill the entire wall and thus only form one path.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

• 1

  1

  Isolation level from 3 layers of insulation film ( 1 )

  2

  Heating element ( 2 )

  • - woven-in metallic electrical conductors or metal threads, (2.1),
  • - woven carbon threads ( 2.2 )
  • - glass fabric as base material ( 2.3 )
  • - Connection point to the connection cable ( 2.4 )
  • - connector ( 2.5 )

  3

  Isolation level from 3 layers of insulation film ( 3 ).

• 2

  1, 3

  Isolation level from 3 layers of insulation foil,

  2

  heating element

  4

  Fleece as thermal insulation,

  5

  Fabric for decoration, optionally also as a ceramic plate, mirror, glass, thermal insulation, etc.

• 3

  1

  Carbon filaments,

  2

  Glass threads,

  3

  Metallic threads.

Claims (4)

Infrared wall heating with flexible heating fabric, in which a glass thread fabric (2.3) is provided as the heating fabric, into which carbon filaments (2.2) as the heating element (2) and metallic electrical conductors (2.1) are woven, the metallic, electrical conductors (2.1) being transverse lie to the carbon filaments (2.2) at both ends of the heating element (2) and tightly wrap around the carbon filaments (2.2) and the heating element (2) is electrically protected on both sides by a layer of insulating film (1, 3) 1 ), characterized in that two further layers of insulating film (1, 3) and an additional layer of fleece, fabric, ceramic, glass or a mirror are present on both sides. Infrared wall heating after Claim 1 , characterized in that the wall heating elements are connected directly to a power source of 230 / 110V and are installed on a wall, in particular under plaster. Infrared wall heating after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the carbon filaments consist of almost 100% carbon. Infrared wall heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the wall surface heating element emits in the range of a wavelength of 8-10 µm.

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