DE102009056550A1 - Linear support unit for use in pointed lift, has central cores arranged at distance from each other, where central cores form warp threads of fiber cloth using weft yarns that are arranged at distance from each other by forming openings - Google Patents

Abstract

The support unit has central cores arranged at a distance from each other and formed as load carrying elements, where the central cores run parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction and made of metallic material. The central cores form warp threads (5) of a fiber cloth using weft yarns (6), where the weft yarns are arranged at a distance from each other by forming openings (9). The central cores are formed as metallic strands i.e. steel strands (2), and the weft yarns are made of metallic materials and/or non-metallic materials e.g. natural fibers or artificial fibers.

Description

The invention relates to a suspension for lifting equipment and the use of such a support means.

Construction and function of winches for hoists are well known. In most cases, a round rope is used as the suspension means, which is on a cable drum, the width b is a multiple of the rope diameter d is single or multi-layered up or down.

Round ropes, especially of such small diameter, have the property when under load, d. H. under tensile stress, are wound on top of each other, wedging on the flanges of the cable drum, which in addition to a high load of the same in multi-ply winding can lead to high rope wear up to the blockage interference-free winding behavior.

With increasing load of a winch inevitably the rope diameter must rise, which always causes a rising winding diameter of the drum. Thus, the round rope is first preferably wound in turns next to each other on a drum of correspondingly large width in order to wind a next layer when the rope length to be accommodated is exhausted, whereby special creases of the drum body (eg LEBUS drum) are also used.

However, for some applications, standards and safety regulations prohibit multi-layer winding because of the problems outlined above.

All these problems lead to a size of the cable drum, which is relatively wide and has a considerable mass. This creates a further problem that namely due to the spiral winding or unwinding of the rope from the drum of the run of the rope relative to the fixed environment wanders, if not by special aids (cable guides) this is prevented, which in turn the volume and the Mass increased.

• (i) Das flache Tragmittel kann auf einer Trommel in voller Längeübereinander aufgewickelt werden, ohne eine Klemmung der Flanken gegeneinander oder an den Bordscheiben. Die Wickeltrommel ist nur noch so breit wie das Tragmittel selbst.
• (ii) Bei höheren Belastungsanforderungen wird der Querschnitt des flachen Tragmittels durch eine Vergrößerung seiner Breite gesteigert, nicht vorrangig durch Dickensteigerung. Der Durchmesser der Wickeltrommel kann dadurch unverändert bleiben.
• (iii) Das flache Tragmittel läuft ohne seitliche Wanderung immer an einem festen Ort von der Wickeltrommel ab.

Several inventions have been disclosed in the past, the aim of which is to replace the suspension cable round rope by a flat support means. Such a flat support means, in which the thickness d is substantially smaller than the width b, offers several advantages:

• (i) The flat support means can be wound on a drum in full length over each other, without a clamping of the flanks against each other or on the flanged wheels. The winding drum is only as wide as the suspension means itself.
• (ii) For higher load requirements, the cross-section of the flat support means is increased by increasing its width, not primarily by increasing the thickness. The diameter of the winding drum can thereby remain unchanged.
• (iii) The flat support means always runs at a fixed location from the winding drum without lateral migration.

The correction of the drive speed to always obtain and maintain the intended linear velocity of the support means at different radius of the winding body is for a drive of the winding drum by means of synchronous motor and corresponding control a standard solved by the prior art problem.

As early as 1936 will be in DE 682 482 an "electric pulley" with steel strip as a suspension patented, which has four winding discs. DE 195 14 011 (1999) uses two winding drums and two steel straps as support means for the hoist described there as drum winch.

The massive steel strip used in these publications as a hoist for a hoist for a point hoist can pose a problem in operation: the stresses resulting from the stress are not uniformly distributed throughout the width of the steel strip in certain circumstances. This can be caused by variations in the thickness of the steel strip, by variations in width, by oblique loading, but above all by possibly occurring damage to the band edges. Even small tears, preferably on the edge, cause stresses on their head that can be considerably higher than the principal stress calculated for the homogeneous band according to σ = F / A (with F = tensile force and A = band cross section) and that of the load capacity calculation Reason lies. As a result, although the tape itself is not overloaded, the further, accelerating progression of the crack may occur, with the break then occurring somewhat unexpectedly, in a sense, unexpectedly. While in the rope this process seizes a wire while the other wires feel nothing of the crack, the massive strip does not have such a natural place to break down the tearing stress and stop its growth.

DE 196 13 037 (1997) discloses a hoist in which straps reinforced with steel cord are used as support means. A band-type winch rope, which discloses at least two steel cores (strands) running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction, which are embedded in a jacket of elastomer DE-OS-21 14 278 (1971).

With these support means would be the goal to replace round cables in hoists advantageous also achievable, the problems of the massive steel band described do not occur. The constructions described have as a common feature that the steel strands (or steel cables), which are actually the supporting body in the suspension means described therein, are completely embedded in a shell. Regardless of which material this shell is made of: The tensile strength absorbing steel strands (or ropes or individual wires) are completely removed from a control.

A visual inspection, in which a rope is relatively quickly examined for broken strands or the like, and with the standard the Ablegereife is determined is prevented.

DE 195 14 011 A1 and DE 196 13 037 A1 describe devices that can be used as a so-called point train for the vertical movement of objects.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. It should in particular be given a band-shaped support means, on the one hand has the advantageous performance of tapes and on the other hand safety properties that are comparable to those of multi-stranded round cables. Furthermore, the risk of damage to the suspension element during normal use, especially when winding and unwinding on the winding drum of a hoist, to be reduced.

This object is solved by the features of claims 1, 7 and 11. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features of claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 10.

According to the invention, a band-shaped support means is provided for lifting equipment, wherein the support means comprises at least two spaced-apart souls as load-bearing elements and the souls in the longitudinal direction parallel to each other and consist of a metallic material. The souls form warp threads of a fabric with weft threads, wherein the weft threads are spaced from each other to form openings.

The term "strip-shaped" is to be understood according to the present invention, that the support means in the transverse direction has a greater width than thickness. The souls should therefore be arranged in a plane. This arrangement of the souls is achieved by the weft threads, which fix the souls in their position. Furthermore, the weft threads ensure the cohesion of the souls, in particular the parallel guidance of the souls in the load direction.

The term "souls" is intended to include individual wires, ropes and strands. Strands are understood to mean structures of twisted wires. The souls are the load-bearing elements of the suspension element and run through the entire band, in the longitudinal direction of the band, which corresponds to the load direction. The souls together absorb the tensile forces that occur.

The cores, especially if they are steel strands, preferably have a diameter in the range of 0.5 mm to 200 mm, preferably 0.5 mm to 100 mm. Their number per band is determined by the maximum load (including the safety factor) of the suspension and the breaking strength of the soul, especially the Einzellitze. The soils are preferably steel soils, more preferably steel strands, particularly preferably finely stranded steel strands.

According to the invention, a fabric is thus provided which has warp threads and weft threads. All or part of the warp threads represent the souls of the suspension element. The term "threads" is not intended to refer to the material of which the elements so characterized consist. Rather, the term "threads" to identify the arrangement of these elements in the manner known from the textile art. The suspension element according to the invention can thus be regarded as a fabric whose warp comprises the souls and whose weaving weft is formed by the spaced weft threads. The wefts fix the souls against each other in their position. The weft threads can be colored.

The weft threads are preferably formed of a metallic or non-metallic material. More preferably, the weft yarns are selected from the group comprising natural fibers, synthetic fibers, wires and combinations thereof. The weft threads are particularly preferably polyamide yarns and / or aramid fibers. In particular, polyamide yarns have an advantageous tear and abrasion resistance. If the weft threads are wires, then steel wires, especially fine steel wires are preferred.

The suspension element according to the invention can provide further warp threads, which are not load-bearing elements. Thus, in addition to the souls, the fabric includes other warp yarns with other properties that are part of the fabric, but do not absorb any load. These further warp threads may be formed from metallic or non-metallic materials. For example, other warp yarns may be selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, wires, insulated conductors, optical fibers, hoses, and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, all or part of the further warp threads are made of the same material as the weft threads. The other warp thread should be the same length as the souls. The number of further warp threads is not limited, but is only influenced by the width in the transverse direction of the band-shaped support means.

The hoses can serve as pneumatic hoses or hydraulic hoses, for example.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the further warp threads is arranged between two adjacent souls. If the souls are steel strands, for example, a further warp thread, for example a polymaid yarn, is arranged between two adjacent steel strands.

In addition to other warp threads, which consist of the same material as the weft threads, for example warp threads can be formed from an insulated conductor, for example insulated copper strands. For example, two insulated copper strands can be provided in a suspension element according to the invention. In this case, an insulated copper strand is preferably arranged between two adjacent cores, wherein it is particularly preferred that between the copper strand and the adjacent cores in each case another warp thread is arranged, which consists of the same material as the weft threads. If the weft threads consist of a synthetic fiber, the following arrangement of warp threads is obtained in this way: core, synthetic fiber, copper strand, synthetic fiber, core.

The insulated conductors are used for power supply and signal transmission to a directly attached to the load introduction means of a hoist force gauge. The conductors are guided at the attachment of the support means according to the invention to the winding drum to a slip ring and provide reliable and without resorting to ever-threatening wireless connections of the winch control unit information about the tensile forces occurring on the belt available.

The strength parameters of the weft threads and the other warp threads are not included in the determination of the load capacity of the suspension element according to the invention in the direction of the train; Damage to the same extent to a limited extent does not affect the function and safety of the suspension element according to the invention.

The fabric according to the invention, the warp of which is formed by the soils alone or in combination with other warp yarns and its weft from the spaced apart weft yarns, is a composite in which the cores are embedded in the weft yarns. If the suspension element according to the invention is wound onto the drum of a winch, then the weft threads of the layers come to lie on one another, but not the souls themselves. This prevents the souls of adjacent layers from coming into contact with one another during the winding process, which causes damage to the cores as a result of friction between them can result in them. However, the weft yarns spaced apart from one another with the formation of openings still permit a visual inspection of the souls so that damage to a soul can be detected early. Further, the weft threads during the winding process prevent jamming of the souls and do not limit the flexibility of the souls.

The advantage of the multi-strand round rope that the breakage of individual wires or individual strands does not immediately end the safe function of the suspension means (well, of course, its further use) remains in the suspension element according to the invention in contrast to the solid steel strip and is, upon receipt of the control option, in distinction to completely encased steel strips, advantageously combined with the characteristics of a flat support means for winches.

As a measure of the distance between weft threads is usually the weft density, d. H. the number of shots per unit length of chain selected. The weft density is chosen according to the invention so that the wefts are spaced from each other, whereby the openings are obtained in the tissue, through which the souls remain visible and allow a visual inspection of each soul.

In one embodiment of the invention, the weft density at a flat side of the support means is lower than at the opposite flat side. In this way, the stability of the suspension element according to the invention with respect to the abrasion of the weft threads when sliding the tape layers against each other during the winding process can be further increased. It is preferred that the weft density on the flat side of the support means, which faces the winding surface, is selected to be higher than on the opposite side, the so-called "back weave". In this way, on the take-up drum, in each case, a densely woven surface comes to lie on a less densely woven surface and the proportion of surface elements in which a soul rubs on a weft thread drops. Rather, only weft thread slides on weft thread, which significantly lowers the fretting wear when selecting suitable weft yarns.

The production of the suspension element according to the invention can be carried out according to the known from textile technology for the production of a strip, often referred to as "nar-row fabric".

In accordance with the invention is also the use of a suspension element according to the invention provided as a support means of a hoist, in particular a point train. Under a hoist in the present invention, in particular, one for converting a rotary motion into a linear stroke using a drum, which is commonly referred to as cable drums, understood, is stored on the drum, the support means for the full length of the stroke.

A point train is typically used for the vertical movement of objects, such as scenery parts, decorations, etc., over stages or other performance surfaces in studios, theaters, road show constructions, and so on. As a basic assemblies, it has a permanent-magnet synchronous motor, which is referred to as a servomotor, and a transmission, preferably a planetary gear drive, a drum for winding and unwinding of the support means, two independent brakes for fixing and securing the load in hanging positions, a number of Control organs and sensors, a support means and a load-carrying means.

Such dot draws are generally well known. Since they are mounted as a small hoists usually on laces or trusses on the stage area and the attached load is about people, they are subject to special safety regulations, in Germany, for example, the BGV C1 and VBG 70, so that in this scope of the invention no other, although possibly functionally similar constructed, hoists are used. With regard to the safety requirements for such hoists, it is now provided to use the suspension elements according to the invention instead of the previous round cables for these lifting devices.

At the suspension element according to the invention a load introduction means is provided when used in a hoist. The load introduction means undertakes the task of distributing the tensile force which is brought to the attachment point over conventional load-carrying means, for example a hook, as evenly as possible and independently of small asymmetries of the load on the souls in the suspension element. For this purpose, nipples according to the prior art are preferably pressed against the souls emerging from the suspension element at one end. The nipples are conically shaped and in turn fit into corresponding bores which are introduced into a support bar of the load introduction means. The support beam is preferably formed as a two-piece steel clip. The two halves of the steel bracket are then bolted together. The forces occurring under load cause the contact pressure of the nipple is reinforced to the soul. At the same time any stronger stress on one soul is immediately distributed to the other souls by the resulting slightly higher strain.

Preferably, the flat side of the support means with the higher weft density of the winding surface of a winding drum of the hoist faces.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments, which are not intended to limit the invention, with reference to the drawings. Show

1a a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a support means according to the invention;

1b a cross-sectional view of in 1a shown first embodiment along section line AA

2a a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a support means according to the invention;

2 B a schematic view of in 2a shown second embodiment of a support means according to the invention from below;

2c a schematic view of in 2a and 2 B shown second embodiment in the wound state;

3a a sectional view of a load introduction means in connection with a support means according to the invention;

3b another sectional view of the in 3a shown load introduction means with the support means according to the invention;

4a a partial sectional view of a point lift as well

4b a view of the in 4a shown point elevator from the side.

The in the 1a and 1b shown first embodiment of a suspension element according to the invention 1 has steel strands 2 , Copper strands 3 and synthetic fibers 4 as warp threads 5 as well as synthetic fibers as weft threads 6 on. The suspension element is band-shaped and has in its transverse direction a considerably larger width b than thickness a (FIG. 1b ). In 1a only a section of the band is shown whose length c significantly exceeds the section shown. It is in 1a -B to see that the weft density both on the top 7 as well as the bottom 8th of the suspension element 1 is the same, with openings between adjacent weft threads 9 are formed, which is a visual Inspection of souls 2 and also the other warp threads 5 allow. The adjacent weft threads 6 are spaced apart by the distance d.

All warp threads are arranged in one plane. It can be seen that at least one warp thread, which is not a load-bearing element, is arranged between adjacent steel strands. In 1a and 1b In each case, a copper strand is arranged between two adjacent steel strands, a synthetic fiber being arranged as a further warp fiber between a copper strand and the adjacent steel strands. Thus, the following arrangement of the warp fibers is obtained: steel strand, synthetic fiber, copper strand, synthetic fiber, steel strand, synthetic fiber, copper strand, synthetic fiber, steel strand. Of course, the number of warp fibers can be significantly higher.

In the 2a C shows a second embodiment of the support means according to the invention, in which the weft density on top 7 ( 2a ) of the suspension element 1 less than on the bottom 8th ( 2 B ). Incidentally, the second embodiment corresponds to the in the 1a -B shown first embodiment. 2c indicates that during the winding process respectively the top 7 with low shot density of a first layer on a bottom 8th comes to rest with higher weft density of an adjacent layer.

In the 3a -B is the structure of a load introduction means 10 shown. The load introduction means 10 The job is to provide the traction force via standard load handling equipment 11 For example, a hook, to the attachment point 12 is brought as evenly as possible and independent of minor asymmetries of the load on the supporting steel strands in the band to distribute. These are at the end of the suspension element to the ends of the emerging there steel strands 2 nipple 13 pressed according to the prior art. The nipples 13 are conically shaped and in turn fit into corresponding holes in a support beam of the load introduction means 10 are introduced. The stringers are in 3a and 3b as a two-piece steel bracket 15 . 15 ' educated. The two halves of the steel bracket 15 . 15 ' are then screwed together. The forces occurring under load cause the contact pressure of the nipple 13 to the steel strands 2 is reinforced. At the same time a possibly existing heavier load of a steel strand becomes 2 by the resulting slightly higher strain immediately on the other steel strands 2 distributed.

In the 4a B shows a point pull, in which the suspension element according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously. The point train, which is referred to below as a wind, consists of the drive motor 21 , wherein preferably a permanent-magnet synchronous motor is used, in which an absolute value encoder 22 and a first brake 23 are integrated. Between engine 21 and at least one winding drum 29 is a transmission 24 switched, preferably a planetary gear. Right on the drum 29 engages a second brake 25 at. It may be both a disc brake as shown, as well as a drum brake. In other configurations of the winds can also several winding drums 29 on the common axis after the transmission 24 to be appropriate. The winding drum 29 is with a multi-pole slip ring 26 provided over the signals via the suspension element according to the invention 1 , For example, over the copper strands, to the drum 29 be transmitted to the controller can be forwarded. From the winding drum (s) 29 supporting axis becomes a second, independent absolute encoder 27 driven. At the winch is still a cable switch 28 and a limit switch for stopping the winch upon reaching the upper end position of the load introduction means 10 , With a feeler lever 30 becomes the current radius of the roll in the drum 29 detected by its signal, the speed of the motor 21 is regulated so that regardless of the winding condition results in the desired lifting or lowering speed. The safety-relevant organs on the winch are redundant designed two channels, so that with an appropriate control (not shown), the requirements of the stage technical regulations can be met. The assemblies of the winds are known per se, as is the basic structure of a winch.

The warp threads 5 in the suspension 1 can be woven and are not load-bearing warp threads, such as the insulated copper strands 3 in 1a , but also fiber optics and / or hoses, on one of the winding drum 29 Attached qSlip ring and / or rotary feedthrough system a reliable contact to at the load application point 12 Establish attached sensors or work organs. In particular, a force measuring device attached there can be connected to the controller in this way. The control of warning and signal lights on the load hook is just as conceivable as the monitoring of the winding process.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

support means

2

steel strands

3

copper

4

synthetic fibers

5

warp

6

wefts

7

top

8th

bottom

9

opening

10

Load application means

11

Load handling devices

12

Annexes Element

13

conical nipple

14

screw

15, 15 '

steel clamps

21

drive motor

22

first absolute encoder

23

first brake

24

transmission

25

second brake

26

Slip ring of the winding drum

27

second absolute encoder

28

Rope end switch

29

drum

30

lever

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 682482 [0009]
• DE 19514011 [0009]
• DE 19613037 [0011]
• DE 2114278 [0011]
• DE 19514011 A1 [0014]
• DE 19613037 A1 [0014]

Claims (11)

Belt-shaped suspension for hoists, wherein the suspension means ( 1 ) at least two spaced-apart souls ( 2 ) as load-bearing elements, the souls ( 2 ) run parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction and consist of a metallic material, characterized in that the souls ( 2 ) Warp threads ( 5 ) of a fabric with weft threads ( 6 ), wherein the weft threads from each other with the formation of openings ( 9 ) are spaced. Supporting means according to claim 1, characterized in that the souls ( 2 ) Are metal strands and the weft threads ( 6 ) are formed of a metallic and / or non-metallic material, wherein the non-metallic material is a natural or synthetic fiber. Supporting means according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in addition to the souls ( 2 ) further warp threads ( 3 . 4 ), which are non-load-bearing elements, are provided, the further warp threads ( 3 . 4 ) are formed of a metallic and / or non-metallic material. Supporting means according to claim 3, characterized in that the further warp threads ( 3 . 4 ) comprise insulated metal conductors and / or natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers. Supporting means according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that between adjacent souls ( 2 ) at least one further warp thread ( 3 . 4 ) is arranged. Supporting means according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weft density on a flat side ( 7 ) of the suspension ( 1 ) lower than on the opposite flat side ( 8th ). Use of a suspension element according to one of claims 1 to 6 as suspension means of a hoist. Use of a suspension element according to claim 7, characterized in that the hoist is a point hoist. Use according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the flat side ( 8th ) of the suspension ( 1 ) with the higher weft density of the winding surface of a winding drum ( 29 ) facing the hoist. Use according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at one end of the support means ( 1 ) to the local ends of the souls ( 2 ) a load introduction means ( 10 ) is attached. Hoist comprising a suspension means according to one of claims 1 to 6.

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