DE102008049297B4 - Radio-controlled system for the decentralized management of precipitation discharges in urban and agricultural areas - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and device for the method for managing the natural water balance in the area of urban and agricultural areas by receiving and forwarding weather data to a central computer unit, analyzing and evaluating the transmitted weather data, in particular the precipitation data, and simulating the expected precipitation inflows (precipitation amounts) to a management system, Analyzing and evaluating the actual states of the individual management elements, in particular determination of the available current usable storage volume of the underground storage, simulation of inflow lines to the individual management elements from the received weather data, calculating the required storage volume in the underground storage (US), taking into account the pre-storage in the above-ground storage and at the same time as the filling process taking place of infiltration into the surrounding soil and emptying via a controllable bottom outlet and comparing the required storage volume with the currently existing volume and computational decision on the regulatory process to be performed on the adjustable bottom outlet.

Description

As an addition to the patent 10 2007 030 305, the present invention relates to a method and a device for managing the natural water balance in the field of urban and agricultural areas.

Due to the pronounced surface sealing, the rainwater in densely populated urban areas is essentially channeled into the sewage system and disposed of with the dirty water. The disposal capacities of the sewer systems must therefore be geared to large amounts of rainfall, which results in high costs for their operation and the sewage plants to be connected.

The drainage of rainwater also deprives the populated areas, municipalities, towns and villages of an important ecological and economic resource. It has therefore been proposed in F. Sieker: "Near-natural rainwater management", Urban Ecology, Vol. 1, a combined dump and trench infiltration.

For this purpose, a trough filled with topsoil, which is applied to a coarse-grained filler. The trough goes smoothly into the terrain upper edge, and in the coarse-grained filling material a drainage pipe following the course of the road can be arranged above the trough bottom.

From the DE 101 14 053 C2 is formed as a deep bed infiltration surface, which is bordered by a plurality of transverse walls having type elements. This infiltration surface is formed with an underground rainfall in the deep bed and provided with a water drain pipe.

From the DE 200 02 06 U1 Furthermore, a percolation system is known in which the required storage volume can be calculated in a subterranean storage taking into account the pre-storage in an above-ground storage and the simultaneously occurring processes of the insurance company.

Furthermore, from the DE 101 42 865 A1 a method for treating agricultural land with a nutrient solution is known, are received in the weather data and forwarded to a central processing unit. This computer unit in turn analyzes and evaluates the transmitted weather data and the actual states of the individual management elements. A retention and distribution of current surface waters is not provided.

Another known possibility of drainage is the creation of drainage ditches and the underground discharge of water by means of perforated pipes or hoses. As a result, processing areas can dry earlier, thus gaining vegetation time.

In the urban area such drainages are used to protect settlements from flooding and / or to allow seepage rainwater specifically to enrich the groundwater.

The known storage means and drainages have proven useful, but have the disadvantage that the expanded drainage leads to rapid drainage of surface waters on large areas, especially after heavy rainfall and snow melting, rapidly rising water levels up to the flood of the rivers.

Furthermore, it is a disadvantage that the water stored in the decentralized storage means can be difficult or impossible to be selectively controlled depending on a case of need, collected or returned to the environment. In addition, the drainage is a major intervention in the ecosystem, as the vegetation of the affected areas changes dramatically as a result of draining. Such drainages with decentralized storage means have the basic idea that as much water as possible should be removed quickly from the landscape or the urban area. Once drained into the receiving waters, water can thus be made available to the landscape or the urban area only with difficulty.

Furthermore, agriculture in particular depends on having a calculable and calculable amount of water in the growing season. This could not be determined with sufficient reliability in the past. Due to the well-known drainage, agricultural areas in particular remained more than necessary dry and were not irrigated to a sufficient extent by the usual rainfall. This can contribute to a considerable extent to lowering the groundwater level and to the total drying out of the soil and ultimately to desertification.

Object of the present invention is to provide a device for systematic water management, which allows a dependent on the amount of precipitation, dosed and targeted delivery.

This object is achieved by the features specified in the patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are Subject of the dependent claims. By means of these measures, a regulation can be achieved with which the surface runoff occurring during heavy rainfall events can be reduced more harmlessly than with uncontrolled systems and fed into the soil water balance or the groundwater. This can be used both in the area of settlement and traffic areas as well as in the agricultural sector. A difference between the two areas exists only in the structural design of the soil-related management elements.

The invention relates to a management of precipitation outflows, which should replace the existing sewage systems in the urban area. The latter are only used for the discharge of rainwater from the area of settlement and traffic areas, combined if necessary with retention measures at central points. By contrast, the new system consists of decentralized combined storage and infiltration elements, which are related to individual plots of land or road sections and connected by a drainage system dimensioned for the lowest possible outflow of rainwater to create drainage safety.

This will reduce the peak runoff during heavy rainfall to a maximum of 10% of the peak runoff of conventional sewerage systems while limiting the annual direct runoff of built-up areas to the level that these areas have under construction. The indirect discharge of the areas via the aquifer remains unconsidered. With the management system, in contrast to the previous sewerage systems, the hydrological consequences of sealing and strict drainage should be compensated as far as possible, without neglecting the security against flooding and waterlogging.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings; it shows:

1 a detail of an apparatus for urban water management according to the invention with reference to a single element,

2 an exemplary site plan of a decentralized management device;

3 the exemplary embodiment of a control element according to the invention.

As the 1 shows, the inventive device for water management includes an above-ground, trough-shaped or edged edged storage space (OS), which serves to record rainfall inflows of effluent effective areas and to store temporarily.

The supplied rainwater seeps through the formed as a cleaning layer (R) sole into an underlying underground storage (US). The underground storage facility (US) consists of honeycomb-shaped plastic elements (KE) with a high void volume (more than 90% of the gross volume) and is protected against the surrounding natural soil by a water-permeable geotextile coating against solid material inputs.

Between the above-ground storage space (OS) and the underground storage space (US) there is a connection in the form of a pipe overflow (Ü). The overflow (T) with filled above-ground storage space (OS) serves to introduce the water directly into the underground storage (US).

To avoid polluting the overflow (Ü) is provided with a cover (AD), which can be underflowed. The water supplied to the underground storage space (US) passes through infiltration (V) as far as possible into the surrounding unsaturated soil.

The underground storage room (US) contains a discharge pipe (D), which, as in 3 shown with a controllable bottom outlet (GA) in a throttled pit (DS) opens. Even before the adjustable bottom outlet (GA) there is a safety overflow (SÜ) designed as a standpipe, which starts when the underground reservoir (US) is full and overfilled, and the overflowing water together with the water from the adjustable bottom outlet (GA) into a secondary discharge pipe (BS). A) directs.

2 shows as an example the site plan of a decentralized management system with several interconnected by a reduced drainage network elements (US + OS) for water management of the associated effluent areas (F ₁ to F ₆ ) and the associated sections of the reduced discharge system for throttled outlets (GA) and for unthrottled outflows (UA). The illustrated water management elements relate both to road sections (F ₅ ) and adjacent land (F ₁ to F ₄ , F ₆ ).

Such a decentralized water management system according to the invention of the type described, if a larger built-up area is to be managed, consists of a multiplicity of individual elements or groups of elements which are used for optimal utilization of the invention can be controlled time-dependent and possibly locally different.

Precipitation outflows (precipitation amounts) are known to occur in irregular time sequence and intensity. Accordingly, the system, if left to itself and the bottom drain (GA) is unregulated event-dependent, used in irregular and not optimal sequence of inflowing, to be managed precipitation outflows (precipitation amounts). An optimal utilization of the management system is given if the expected inflow of time sequence and intensity in advance, that is, if possible with a lead over its actual occurrence is known, and the bottom outlet (GA) is regulated accordingly.

The necessary temporal variability is due to the short distances between the drainage areas and the management elements and the high variability urban urban precipitation in the range of quarter hours to several hours.

The remote transmission according to the invention for regulating the water management measures, the bottom drains (GA) can be changed within these relatively short periods and the expected rainfall amounts are adjusted as needed in a timely manner. This leads to a radio-controlled, decentralized management system for precipitation discharges in the urban area.

By the invention it is achieved that the largest possible portion of the precipitation amounts seeps into the surrounding unsaturated soil and the groundwater conductor with sufficiently deep lying groundwater surface (G ₂ in 1 ) is supplied. The regulation is also such that no impermissible groundwater level increases occur.

Naturally existing undesirably high groundwater levels or near-surface "stratum water" may also have to be managed by regulating the process. The required water level data can be obtained from external groundwater measuring points and included in the control.

• – Empfangen von Wetterdaten (u. a. Radarmessdaten aufkommender Niederschläge) auf eine zentrale Rechnereinheit;
• – Analysieren und Auswerten der übertragenen Wetterdaten, insbesondere der Niederschlagsdaten und Simulation der voraussichtlichen Niederschlagszuflüsse zum Bewirtschaftungssystem;
• – Analysieren und Auswerten der Ist-Zustände der einzelnen Bewirtschaftungselemente, insbesondere Ermittlung des zur Verfügung stehenden aktuellen nutzbaren Speichervolumens des unterirdischen Speichers (US).

The method according to the invention for controlling and regulating the management system comprises the following steps:

• - Receiving weather data (including Radarmessdaten arising rainfall) on a central computer unit;
• - analyzing and analyzing the transmitted weather data, in particular the precipitation data and simulation of the expected precipitation inflows to the management system;
• - Analyzing and evaluating the actual states of the individual management elements, in particular determination of the available current usable storage volume of the underground storage (US).

The above-ground storage (OS) is technically not influenced by the controllable process and therefore not the subject of management.

As the 3 shows, the filling state of the underground storage (US) via a in the safety overflow (SÜ) mounted water level measuring probe (MS) is measured and transmitted by radio to a central computer. This central computer creates from the received weather data a simulation of inflow curves to the individual management elements and calculates the required storage volume in the underground storage (US). This takes into account the pre-storage in the above-ground storage (OS) and the processes of infiltration (V) taking place at the same time as the filling process into the surrounding soil and the emptying via the adjustable bottom outlet (GA).

The required storage volume is compared with the currently existing volume and there is a computational decision on the control process to be performed on the adjustable bottom outlet (GA). The run-off quantity of the precipitation amounts stored in the decentralized management elements can thus be regulated as a function of the received weather data and the inflow course lines simulated therefrom, via the controllable bottom outlet (GA).

Like in the 3 is shown, the adjusting means for regulating the bottom outlet (GA) are housed in the shaft (DS). These actuating means can be controlled to control the bottom outlet (GA).

The power supply of the actuating means via an exchangeable or rechargeable at certain time intervals rechargeable battery capacitor (AS). The effect on the controllable bottom outlet (GA) consists in a series of alternating closing and opening operations by means of a shut-off valve, which is designed here for example as Absperrblase (AB). The shut-off valve is preferably housed in the bottom outlet (GA).

For the closure or accumulation process, the Absperrblase (AB) via a hose (LS) by an air compressor (LK) starting inflated so that it conforms to the inner wall of the bottom outlet (GA) sealingly. The air compressor is switched to radio-controlled and switched off after sufficient air filling. The built-up air pressure is permanently held via a backflow device (RV) or a check valve or compressed if necessary.

The opening and emptying process is based on an electromagnet (EM), which actuates the backflow device (RV) of the ventilation according to the lifting principle over a short time interval. The air of the Absperrblase (AB) can escape and the process is released again. The switch-on pulse and the duty cycle of the electromagnet are remote-controlled transmitted and triggered by the central computer.

For this management of surface water due to precipitation, generally applicable software for standard cases shall be provided depending on the season and characteristics of precipitation events.

These radio-controlled systems according to the invention for decentralized management of precipitation discharges in the area of settlement and traffic areas are applicable both to new installations and to the renovation or conversion of existing drainage systems in existing areas. The radio-controlled regulation of the individual management elements allows the current water management goals, the discharge reactions and the annual water budget of built-up areas to be adapted to those of the undeveloped state. Compared to uncontrolled decentralized systems and even more so compared to conventional conventional sewer systems, they are significantly improved.

reference numeral

A

outflow

FROM

Absperrventilblase

AD

cover

AK

battery capacitor

DS

throttle shaft

EM

electromagnet

F ₁ -F ₆

Area element of the example calculation

GA

Grundablass

G ₁ , G ₂

changing water level

KE

Plastic element

LK

air compressor

LS

line shaft

MS

probe

OS

aboveground storage space

QT

central overflow

R

cleaning

RS

rule shaft

RV

backflow device

SS

collecting shaft

SRs

Safety overflow

UA

unthrottled outflow

Ü

overflow

US

underground storage room

V

Infiltration into groundwater

Claims (18)

Method of managing the natural water balance of urban and agricultural areas, characterized by the following steps: - receiving and forwarding weather data to a central computer unit; - analyzing and evaluating the transmitted weather data, in particular the precipitation data, and simulating the expected precipitation inflows (precipitation amounts) to a management system; - Analyzing and evaluating the actual states of the individual management elements, as well as determination of the available current usable storage volume of the underground storage; - Simulation of inflow lines to the individual management elements from the received weather data; - Calculating the required storage volume in the underground storage (US), taking into account the pre-storage in an above-ground storage and the simultaneous occurring to the filling process processes of infiltration into the surrounding soil and emptying via a controllable bottom outlet; - Comparison of the required storage volume with the currently existing volume and arithmetic decision on the control process to be performed on the adjustable bottom outlet. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulation of the drainable quantities to be derived via a controllable bottom outlet of the amount of precipitation stored in the decentralized management elements takes place as a function of the received weather data. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control takes place so that no impermissible increase in the groundwater level occurs. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the action on the controllable sequence a sequence of alternating closing and opening operations by means of a Absperrblase consists. Device for managing the natural water balance in urban and agricultural areas with a method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power supply of the adjusting means via a replaceable or at certain time intervals to be charged battery capacitor. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that for the closing and the Einstauvorgang designed as a bubble valve via a hose from an air compressor, starting is inflatable so that it conforms to the inner wall of the drain pipe sealing. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the air compressor is radio-controlled on and after sufficient air filling can be switched off. Device according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the air pressure built up by an air compressor via a backwater device is durable durable. Device according to claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the air pressure built up by an air compressor via a backflow device is nachverdichtbar if necessary. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that for opening and emptying the Absperrblase an electromagnet is provided which actuates the backflow device of the ventilation according to the lifting principle over a short time interval. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the switch-on and the duty cycle of the electromagnet are controlled by radio controlled by a central computer. Device according to claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the water management system comprises a generally applicable software for standard cases depending on the season and characteristics of the precipitation events. Device according to claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the filling state of the underground storage is measurable via a mounted in the standpipe water level probe. Device according to claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the underground storage (US) consists of honeycomb-shaped plastic elements (KE) with high void volume. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the underground storage (US) consists of honeycomb-shaped plastic elements (KE) with a void volume of more than 90% of the gross volume. Device according to claims 5 to 15, characterized in that the underground storage (US) is protected against the surrounding natural soil by a water-permeable geotextile coating against solid inputs. Device according to claims 5 to 16, characterized in that a radio link can be used to transmit measured data to a central computer unit. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the transmitted to a central computer unit weather data received Radarmessdaten incipient rainfall are used.

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