EP4310255A1 - Drainage device for agricultural area drainage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a drainage device for agricultural surface drainage, which comprises a drainage pipe (2) and an outlet piece (1) connected thereto. The outlet piece (1) has a branch (3) to a first (4) end section and a second end section (5). The first end section (4) extends between the branch (3) and a closable first outlet (41). The second end section (5) extends between the branch (3) and a second outlet (51). The second end section (5) has a raised area (53) which is arranged higher than the first end section (4) and the first outlet (41) in relation to the plumb direction.

Description

The invention relates to a drainage device for agricultural surface drainage according to the preamble of claim 1, a drainage system with such a drainage device and an outlet piece for connection to a drainage pipe.

It is known to use agricultural land drainage to eliminate soil moisture that is harmful to crops and soil cultivation. Agricultural drainage also improves the aeration of the soil and enables deeper areas of the soil to be reached by plant roots and nutrients can be better utilized. For agricultural surface drainage, it is known to lay drainage pipes in the ground with a gradient that is adapted to the ground level. Drainage pipes are slotted and/or perforated and are designed to absorb and drain away excess water in the ground. Depending on the soil type, they can be covered with natural or synthetic filter materials.

Agricultural water management of soils is also exposed to new challenges due to climate change. For example, crusting and hardening of the soil caused by longer periods without precipitation means that water cannot or can only partially penetrate to depths up to an existing drainage system, even during long-lasting downpours. In some cases, the soil that lies beneath a drainage system is so hardened that the seepage water takes the easier route via the drainage system and is drained away instead of seeping into deeper soil layers and raising the groundwater level.

From DIN 1185, Annex A (as of 2015) it is known to carry out a certain level of dewatering via so-called drainage shafts by setting the water outlet from the drainage shaft higher. This means that the resulting water first has to rise in the drainage shaft before reaching a ditch via a collector pipe. This makes it possible to increase the length of time the water stays in the drainage pipe.

This in turn has the effect that the drainage pipes can briefly act as trickle lines. The water therefore has the opportunity to continue seeping away for a certain period of time. If the water pressure is so high that the height of the outflow pipe in the drainage shaft is reached, the excess water will flow out.

The invention is based on the object of providing a drainage device for agricultural surface drainage, which enables flexible agricultural water management of soils.

This object is achieved by a drainage device with the features of patent claim 1, an outlet piece with the features of claim 13 and a drainage system with the features of patent claim 14. Embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Accordingly, according to a first aspect of the invention, the present invention contemplates a drainage device for agricultural surface drainage, which comprises a drainage pipe and an outlet piece connected thereto. The outlet piece has a branch to a first and a second end section. The first end section extends between the branch and a closable first outlet the second end section between the branch and a second outlet. The second end section has a raised area which is arranged higher than the first end section and the first outlet in relation to the plumb direction.

During operation, the water drained away via the drainage pipe flows either through the first or the second end piece before it flows out via one of the two outlets, for example into a drainage ditch. The raised area is higher than the entire first end section and the first outlet.

The invention is based on the idea of being able to influence dewatering by selectively directing the water through a higher area so that the water initially accumulates in the direction of flow in front of the higher area. Naturally, the water would basically choose the most energetically favorable path and flow through the first tail to the first outlet instead of flowing through the elevated area. However, the ability to close the first outlet allows the water to be forced to drain through the second outlet, thereby flowing through the elevated area. The water must rise until the height of the raised area is reached so that water can be removed from the drainage pipe. The water builds up in the drainage pipe so that no more water can enter the drainage pipe from the ground. The length of time the water stays in the drainage pipe can be increased in this way in order to ensure that the drainage pipe acts as a trickling line for a short time. This allows the water to seep away until the water level reaches the height of the elevated area.

The invention makes it possible to easily adjust the height the water must overcome to exit. It is not necessary to make adjustments in the ground, for example through a drainage shaft, but the first outlet can be closed in a simple manner.

The direction of gravitational acceleration is called the perpendicular direction.

In one embodiment of the invention, the second outlet is arranged in the vertical direction below the raised area. The raised area in the second end piece thus forms a geodetically highest section, which forms a threshold for the water over which the water level must rise so that water can flow out through the second outlet. Alternatively, the second outlet rises steadily so that the second outlet forms the highest point of the raised area.

The first and second outlets can also be arranged in an identical or similar height position. A similar height position is to be understood to mean that the height difference between the two outlets is at least a factor of 2 lower compared to the height difference between the second outlet and the highest point of the second end section. The two outlets can also have the same height, for example by being arranged directly next to each other. Furthermore, the second outlet can be arranged higher or lower than the first outlet.

In a further embodiment, the raised area is curved, with the highest point of the raised area forming an upper apex of the second end section. The height of the apex defines how high the water must be accumulated in order to flow out through the second outlet. It can be provided that the arcuate area extends between the branch and the second outlet. Alternatively, the arcuate region is formed only in a partial region of the second end section.

In a further variant of the invention, the first end section extends in a horizontal or slightly sloping direction. In this way, the water flows out directly when the first outlet is open.

In a variant of the invention, the first outlet can be closed by a stopper, a flap or a sliding mechanism. Lockability can be provided manually or alternatively electrically. It can be provided that a control for closing the first outlet can be operated remotely, for example via a radio or Internet connection.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the second outlet can also be closed. Analogous to the first outlet, this can be provided by a plug, a flap or a sliding mechanism. If the second outlet can be closed, it can also be operated with an electrical control.

A further embodiment provides that the outlet piece is formed in one piece. The one-piece design can result from the fact that the entire outlet piece is manufactured in one process. The unity can also arise from the fact that First, several sections of the outlet piece are produced and then cohesively connected to one another.

Alternatively, the outlet piece consists of partial pipe pieces that are plugged together or connected to one another, for example via connecting sleeves or flange connections. It can be provided that the entire outlet piece can be connected to the drainage pipe in a pre-assembled state. For example, the outlet piece is formed by pipe pieces, the branch being formed by a Y-pipe piece that includes a front section that is connected to the drainage pipe and has connections to the two end sections.

In a further embodiment, the outlet piece is laid directly in the ground. Alternatively, the outlet piece can be arranged in a protective housing which is located in the floor and surrounds the outlet piece. In such a case, the protective housing can, for example, have an openable lid in order to have access to the outlet piece.

The outlet piece is not perforated, i.e. has a full wall. In contrast to the drainage pipe, there are no holes, slots or other openings in the outlet piece. This is to prevent excess water from seeping into the slope of a drainage ditch where the outlet ends and softening the slope.

In a further embodiment, the outlet piece has one or more further end sections, each with raised areas, which extend from the branch, the respective raised areas being of different heights. This has the advantage that, depending on which outlet is closed, different heights can be provided that the water must rise to overcome the end piece.

In a further aspect of the invention, the present invention relates to an outlet piece for a drainage system for connection to a drainage pipe. The outlet piece has a branch to a first and a second end section. The first end section extends between the branch and a closable first outlet. The second end portion extends between the branch and a second outlet. The second end section has a raised area, which is designed to lie higher than the first end section and the first outlet in relation to the plumb direction when connected to a drainage pipe.

The configurations of the outlet piece described above in connection with the drainage device also apply in a corresponding manner to the outlet piece according to claim 13.

• ein Drainagerohr, das mit einem Gefälle im Erdreich verlegt ist und ein unteres Ende aufweist, und
• ein Auslaufstück mit zwei Endabschnitten gemäß Anspruch 13, das mit dem unteren Ende des Drainagerohrs verbunden ist.

In a further aspect of the invention, the present invention relates to a drainage system for agricultural land drainage, which comprises:

• a drainage pipe that is laid in the ground with a slope and has a lower end, and
• a spout with two end portions according to claim 13, which is connected to the lower end of the drainage pipe.

One embodiment variant provides that the outlet piece is laid in such a way that the outlets of the first end section and second end section end adjacent to a trench.

Fig. 1

schematisch in Seitendarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Drainagevorrichtung mit einem Auslaufstück, welches ein erstes Endstück mit einem ersten Auslass und ein zweites Endstück mit einem zweiten Auslass und einen erhöhten Bereich des zweiten Endstücks aufweist;

Fig. 2

die Drainagevorrichtung der Figur 1, wobei der erster Auslass geöffnet ist;

Fig. 3

die Drainagevorrichtung der Figur 1, wobei der erste Auslass verschlossen ist;

Fig. 4

schematisch den Drainagekegel und das Stauwasserniveau eines im Erdboden verlegten Drainagerohrs gemäß dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 5

den Drainagekegel und das Stauwasserniveau bei Verwendung einer Drainagevorrichtung gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3;

Fig. 6

eine Darstellung entsprechend der Figur 4 in einem Längsschnitt; und

Fig. 7

eine Darstellung entsprechend der Figur 5 in einem Längsschnitt.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of the drawing using several exemplary embodiments. Show:

Fig. 1

schematically in side view an embodiment of a drainage device with an outlet piece, which has a first end piece with a first outlet and a second end piece with a second outlet and a raised area of the second end piece;

Fig. 2

the drainage device Figure 1 , with the first outlet open;

Fig. 3

the drainage device Figure 1 , with the first outlet closed;

Fig. 4

schematically the drainage cone and the backwater level of a drainage pipe laid in the ground according to the prior art;

Fig. 5

the drainage cone and the backwater level when using a drainage device according to Figures 1 to 3 ;

Fig. 6

a representation corresponding to the Figure 4 in a longitudinal section; and

Fig. 7

a representation corresponding to the Figure 5 in a longitudinal section.

The Figures 1 , 2 and 3 show an embodiment of a drainage device that includes a drainage pipe 2 and an outlet piece 1. The drainage pipe 2 is a conventional drainage pipe 2 which has holes and/or slots along its length which serve to absorb water. The drainage pipe 2 is laid in the ground 6 with an appropriate gradient that is adapted to the ground level. The water 9 received in the drainage pipe 2 flows through the outlet piece 1 into a drainage ditch 10.

The outlet piece 1 is connected to the end of the drainage pipe 2 via a schematically illustrated interface 8, for example via connecting sleeves or plug-in arrangements (not shown). In the simplest case, the end of the outlet piece 1 is inserted into the drainage pipe 2 or vice versa. The connection to the drainage pipe 2 can also include a reducer in embodiments if the diameter of the drainage pipe 2 differs from the diameter of the outlet piece 1.

The outlet piece comprises three main parts: a Y-pipe piece, which forms a branch 3 and is connected to the drainage pipe 2 with a front section 11 via the interface 8, as well as a first end piece 4 and a second end piece 5, which connect to corresponding connections (not shown separately) of the Y-piece. Alternatively, the outlet piece 1 can be formed in one piece or comprise further partial tubes.

All sections are designed as pipe parts. The inner diameter of the pipe parts is, for example, in the range between 50 mm and 300 mm.

The outlet piece 1 is laid in the ground 6 in such a way that the two end pieces 4, 5 end on the trench wall 71 of a drainage ditch 7.

The first end piece 4 extends in the horizontal direction from the branch 3 to a first outlet 41. The second end piece 5 leads from the branch to a second outlet 51. The second end piece 5 is arcuate, similar to an inverted U, so that second end piece 5 has a raised area 53. The elevated area 53 is higher than the first end piece 4 and the first outlet 41. The arcuate raised area 53 has an upper Vertex 530, which represents the highest point of the outlet piece 1. The second outlet 51 is adjacent and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is arranged directly above the first outlet 41.

The first outlet 41 has a first closure 42 and the second outlet 51 has a second closure 52. The closures 42, 52 are implemented by flaps in this exemplary embodiment. In principle, however, another closure is also possible, for example using a stopper or a sliding mechanism. The closures 42, 52 can be operated manually or alternatively via a motor and a control unit (not shown). The control unit can be operated remotely, for example via a radio or Internet connection. In this way, it is possible to automatically regulate through which outlet water 9 can flow out.

The Figure 2 shows the exemplary embodiment Figure 1 , in which the first outlet 41 is opened by the open first closure 42. Water 9 collected in the drainage pipe 2 can flow away directly via the first end piece 4 and the first outlet 41. Water 9 does not build up in the drainage pipe 2. The second end piece 5 is not filled with water 9, since the water 9 basically chooses the energetically more favorable, deeper path through the first end piece 4.

The Figure 3 shows the exemplary embodiment Figure 1 with a closed first closure 42. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment of Figure 2 The water 9 cannot exit through the first outlet 41, but must flow through the second end piece 5 to drain from the drainage pipe 2. It has to pass through the geodetically higher elevated area 53 before it flows out through the second outlet 5. The raised area 53 forms a threshold up to which the water 9 must rise before it can flow away. In this way, the water 9 builds up in the drainage pipe 2. As a result, no water 9 in the ground 6 can penetrate into the drainage pipe 2. The water trickles down 9 into deeper layers of soil 61.

Based on Figures 4-7 The advantages associated with the drainage device according to the invention are explained further below.

Regarding the background of the invention, it should first be noted that, particularly in the years 2018-2020, there were longer periods in Germany in which only very little rainfall was recorded. The longer dry periods lead to crusting of the topsoil. This crusting and hardening of the soil extends further into the lower soil layers. Even if there are long-lasting downpours, the water sometimes only penetrates to depths up to the existing drainage and is then drained away.

Such a situation can be explained using the Figure 4 recognize. This shows a typical drainage cone 30, which forms above a drainage pipe 2. The depth of the drainage pipe 2 in the ground defines the level 8 up to which groundwater or backwater is present because higher water within the drainage cone 30 is drained off via the drainage pipe 2. A problem arises when the soil below level 8 is so hardened that seepage water takes the easier route via the drainage and is drained away instead of seeping into deeper soil layers and raising the groundwater level.

The Figure 6 shows the same situation in a longitudinal section. The drainage pipe 2 is laid in the ground with a slight gradient of 1 - 2 per mille (ie 10 to 20 cm gradient per 100 m). It opens into a trench 7 with excavation walls 71. Due to the specified gradient of the drainage, the water flows unhindered into the trench 7. At the end of the drainage pipe 2 there is usually an outlet piece with a frog flap, where water that accumulates through the drainage flows into the Ditch 7 exits. The frog flap prevents animals from entering the drainage. Precipitation 91 seeps into the ground as seepage water 92 and is drained away within the drainage cone through the drainage pipe 2. The trench-side, lower end of the drainage pipe 2 defines the level 8 up to which groundwater or backwater is present in the area of the drainage pipe 2.

In order to prevent the groundwater level from falling further, the drainage device according to the invention is used, which ensures that when the first outlet 41 is closed, the seepage water can seep deeper into the ground beyond the drainage. For this purpose, water absorption is stimulated in the deeper layers of the soil. The rainwater 91 thus has the opportunity to penetrate further into the lower soil layers to the groundwater. This means that the groundwater level can be stopped from falling further or can even be raised. However, this requires continuous moistening of the soil below the drainage down to the groundwater table. For this it is necessary that in the To delay rainwater 91 entering the topsoil from draining too quickly through the drainage 2.

The Figures 5 and 7 show in cross section and in longitudinal section the situation that arises with the drainage device according to the invention. According to the Figure 7 an outlet piece 1 (circled by dashed lines) is inserted. With this, when the first outlet 42 is closed (not shown), it can be achieved that the level 8, up to which groundwater or backwater is present, is raised to the height of the raised area 53 of the outlet piece 1. Especially in the Figure 5 it can be seen that the area of waterlogging has been raised by the raised area 53. The elevated area 53 forms a threshold above which the water level must rise. Accordingly, the water 9 is dammed up over a certain length, depending on the installed gradient of the drainage pipe 2. The rainwater 91 to be drained away remains in the drainage pipes 2 for longer. Hydraulic water pressure builds up in the drainage pipe 2, which results in trickling. The held water can seep into the lower soil layers. By closing the first outlet 41 on the outlet piece 1, the soil is encouraged to absorb water, aided by the water pressure in the dammed-up drainage pipe 2.

It can be provided that the drainage pipe 2 is not perforated in an area of approximately 1 to 2 m, which adjoins the outlet piece 1. The exact length depends on the soil conditions and local conditions. This prevents excess water from seeping into the slope of the ditch 7 and softening the slope.

Plumb direction

The setting through which end piece 4, 5 the water should flow and, accordingly, to what level the water pressure must rise must be made by the farmer, who can adapt this to his needs based on the soil conditions, weather conditions and crops. To do this, the farmer can close or open the first closure flap. If an expected downpour is not to be drained away immediately through the drainage, the farmer closes the first closure flap accordingly. The accumulated/retained water in the drainage pipes can then penetrate into the ground below the drainage pipes.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and various modifications and improvements are made without deviating from the concepts described here. It should also be noted that any of the features described can be used separately or in combination with any other features, provided they are not mutually exclusive. The disclosure extends to and includes all combinations and subcombinations of one or more features described herein.

Claims (15)

Drainage device for agricultural surface drainage, the drainage device comprising a drainage pipe (2) and an outlet piece (1) connected thereto, wherein - the outlet piece (1) has a branch (3) to a first end section (4) and a second end section (5), - the first end section (4) extends between the branch (3) and a closable first outlet (41), and - the second end section (5) extends between the branch (3) and a second outlet (51), the second end section (5) having a raised area (53) which is higher than the first end section (4) in relation to the plumb direction ) and the first outlet (41) is arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second outlet (52) is arranged lower than the raised area (53) with respect to the plumb direction. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first outlet (42) and the second outlet (52) are arranged at the same or similar height. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raised region (53) is arcuate, the highest point of the raised region (53) forming an upper apex of the second end section (5). Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the arcuate region (53) extends between the branch (3) and the second outlet (52). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first end section (4) extends in a horizontal or slightly sloping direction. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet piece (1) consists of partial pipe pieces which are plugged together or connected to one another via connecting sleeves. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the branch (3) is formed by a Y-pipe section which comprises a front section (11) which is connected to the drainage pipe (2) and connections to the two end sections (4, 5 ) having. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outlet piece (1) is formed in one piece. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first outlet (41) has a closure (42) which can be operated manually or electrically. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet piece (1) is laid directly in the ground. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet piece (1) is not perforated. Outlet piece (1) for a drainage system for connection to a drainage pipe (2), whereby - the outlet piece (1) has a branch (3) to a first end section (4) and a second end section (5), - the first end section (4) extends between the branch (3) and a closable first outlet (41), and - the second end section (5) extends between the branch (3) and a second outlet (51), the second end section (5) having a raised region (53) which is designed and intended to be attached to a drainage pipe ( 2) connected state to be higher than the first end section (4) and the first outlet (41) in relation to the plumb direction. Drainage system for agricultural land drainage, which has: - a drainage pipe (2), which is laid with a slope in the ground (6) and has a lower end, and - an outlet piece (1) with two end sections (4, 5) according to claim 13, which is connected to the lower end of the drainage pipe (2). Drainage system according to claim 14, characterized in that the outlet piece (1) is laid such that the outlets (41, 51) of the first end section (4) and second end section (5) end adjacent to a trench (7).

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