DE102007045044B4 - Air conditioning unit and air conditioning arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

An air conditioner (10) having a coolant circuit in which a coolant is moved, and having an evaporator (42) for cooling a fluid and a condenser (44) for heating the fluid, wherein the condenser (44) and the evaporator (42) in a common housing (90) are arranged so that in the operating state of the evaporator (42) in a defined, geodetically lower first fluid layer (110) and the condenser (44) in a defined, geodetically upper second fluid layer (120) of a fluid layering ( 110, 120) is thermally effective, wherein a first outlet section (20), from which in operation selectively exits fluid in a region (112) of the first fluid layer (110) and a second outlet section (70), from which the fluid in the second Fluid layer (120) is provided, wherein from bottom to top axially successive - the first outlet portion (20), - a channel portion (30) for supplying the fluid from a first fluidein a second fluid inlet (60), which is fluidly separated from the first fluid inlet (50), via which the fluid passes to the condenser (44), and - the second outlet section (70) characterized in that a liquid separator (32, 232) is provided between the evaporator (42) and the first outlet section (20) and the liquid separator (232) is formed from a spirally rolled strip of material (234) along a longitudinal edge (23). 236) has a gutter (238).

Description

The invention relates to an air conditioner according to the preamble of claim 1.

For the ventilation of rooms, such as a high industrial hall, various concepts are known. Thus, the production of a room air flow by means of a turbulent mixing ventilation or a so-called stratification ventilation is known. The air conditioning is carried out by conventional air conditioning or ventilation systems. The problem with turbulent mixed ventilation is that pollutants and suspended solids can be easily distributed in the room air. Therefore, z. B. in industrial halls a sufficient dilution of the room air necessary, which is associated with correspondingly complex systems and high costs. Admittedly, in the case of stratified ventilation, the typical formation of stable layers of air can prevent entry of pollutants and suspended matter into the lower layer of air, which is the habitation area of persons and installations. It is exploited that a thermal air flow carries the pollutants and suspended matter in a second, upper layer of air, from which they can be removed. The problem with the stratification, however, is the low flexibility of the stratified ventilation, since the air supply to the lower air layer and the thermal loads in the space in question must be matched very accurately to each other both in their positioning and in their dimensions. Small changes already disturb the desired air stratification. Furthermore, fixed installations such as air ducts are necessary, which impair flexible use of the room.

In the office area and for the air conditioning of living spaces known so-called "split air conditioners" with chillers, in which an evaporator is used in the room for room cooling, while an associated capacitor is placed outside the room to dissipate the condenser waste heat can.

However, such arrangements are unsuitable for large rooms, especially halls.

From the DE 102 02 656 A1 an arrangement is known in which a cooling surface is arranged under a hall ceiling in a layer ventilation arrangement. Fresh air is injected at the bottom and waste heat is dissipated in the ceiling area.

The DE 197 10 398 C2 discloses an air conditioner for larger rooms, in which the condenser and the evaporator are arranged like a tower in a common housing, wherein the evaporator in the lower region and the condenser in the upper region of the air conditioner is thermally effective. A portion of the intake air enters the upper area heated, a part of the sucked air exits cooled in the ground-level area of the air conditioner.

Furthermore, from the DE 203 13 693 U1 an air conditioner is known which has a supply air module and an exhaust air module, which are arranged tower-like one above the other and separated by a flap arrangement.

The object of the invention is to provide an air conditioner, which is flexible to handle and can be used economically in large, especially high rooms.

The object is solved by the features of claim 1. The other claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The invention is based on an air conditioner with a coolant circuit in which a coolant is moved, and which has an evaporator for cooling a fluid and a condenser for heating the fluid.

It is proposed that the condenser and the evaporator are arranged in a common housing, that in the operating state the evaporator is thermally effective in a defined, geodetically lower first fluid layer and the condenser in a defined, geodetically upper second fluid layer of a fluid stratification. Preferably, the fluid is air. However, it is conceivable that other fluids can be treated accordingly.

Characterized in that in the operating state, the capacitor in the second fluid layer is effective, conveniently located there, a load of the first fluid layer can be avoided by waste heat of the capacitor. Expediently, an air outlet assigned to the condenser in the second air layer and an air inlet assigned to the evaporator can be arranged in the first air layer. A disturbance of the separation of the fluid layers can be avoided. The evaporator can be arranged in the first air layer or at the level of the second fluid layer. Conveniently, the condenser and evaporator are arranged in a channel within the housing of the air conditioner, but separated in flow in the channel. Condenser and evaporator may be conveniently arranged one above the other. As a result, the condenser and evaporator are effective in different layers of air, ie fluid heated by the condenser enters the upper air layer and cooled by the evaporator fluid enters the lower air layer. The advantageous stratification of a stratification ventilation can be exploited, in which a sufficient height of the lower "clean" fluid layer can be achieved, while the separation of the lower and the upper fluid layer can be stabilized by the thermal flow via heat sources in the first fluid layer. In order to keep the air stratification stable, warm air flowing upwards is advantageously replaced by cold supply air from the air conditioning unit as a result of the thermals. The arrangement in a common housing, moreover, a very compact design with suitable fluid management in the air conditioner is possible. Condenser and evaporator and an associated compressor for the coolant may have a conventional design as in the known split air conditioning units.

From bottom to top are provided axially in succession:
(1) a first outlet section, from which fluid emerges in a targeted manner into a region of the first fluid layer during operation, (2) a channel section for supplying the fluid from a first fluid inlet to the first outlet section, (3) a second, fluidically separated from the first fluid inlet Fluid inlet through which the fluid passes to the condenser and (4) a second outlet portion from which the fluid is discharged into the second fluid layer. By such a modular construction, the air conditioner can be handled flexibly and configured according to existing requirements. So each section can be suitably adapted to the basic conditions. In case of a faulty detected thermal flow a simple retrofit is possible. With the proposed air conditioner, a flow state similar to that of conventional stratification systems can be produced without being limited by their lack of flexibility. Characterized in that the first and the second fluid inlet are separated in terms of flow, the fluid portion to be supplied to the first outlet section can be registered independently of the fluid component to be supplied to the second outlet section. For this purpose, advantageously, a fan may be provided in each case, such as an axial fan as a pipe fan. The fluid inlet into the second fluid inlet can also be effected by free convection. The fluid entering the air conditioner through this second fluid inlet conveniently cools the condenser of the coolant loop. The first fluid input is expediently assigned an unregulated or regulated tube fan.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a liquid separator is provided between the evaporator and the first outlet section. The liquid separator is formed from a spirally rolled strip of material having a gutter along a longitudinal edge. With the liquid trap collected condensate, such as humidity, can be collected, eg. B. in a condensate pan, and in a collection tank for condensate, z. As condensed water, are passed, which can be emptied manually. Also conceivable is a condensate pump with automatic emptying. Another possibility consists in an evaporation of the condensate, which can be supplied in the form of vapor of the second fluid layer and can also be removed there. Also conceivable is an embodiment without condensate collecting device.

The condenser can be arranged geodetically above the evaporator according to a favorable development of the invention so that is arranged in the operating state of the evaporator in the defined, geodetically lower first fluid layer and the capacitor in the defined, geodetically upper second fluid layer of a fluid layering.

In the operating state, the first outlet section may preferably be provided within the first fluid layer. As a result, the fluid layering can be specifically supported and undesirable turbulent flow of the fluid can be avoided. The first outlet section can advantageously be designed as a conventional layer ventilation outlet, so that standard components can be used.

If, in the operating state, the first and the second fluid inlet of the fluid can be provided in the second fluid layer, a high proportion of the fluid can be returned to the first fluid layer, in particular a high proportion of recirculated air can be realized. It is favorable to provide filter means between the first fluid inlet and the evaporator as well as the second fluid inlet and the condenser. These can have at least one element from the group bag filter, filter mat, knitted fabric, combination of coarse dust filter and fine dust filter.

The fluid may, for. B. are filtered through the first outlet portion in the first fluid layer. A Zuführkanalnetz for fresh fluid in the first fluid layer, such as a Zuluftkanalnetz can be omitted. In industrial halls, this makes it possible to place a hall crane anywhere, without having to take account of the Zuführkanalnetz. To stabilize the fluid layering, the fluid must be cooled by a few Kelvin before it exits into the first fluid layer, but stable temperature conditions prevail in the chamber, so that no large temperature differences occur, for example when a large amount of fresh air is supplied. The cooling effort is therefore manageable and economical.

In order to ensure a minimum external air content in the first fluid layer, conventional layer ventilation outlets with a conventional supply air conditioner can be combined as desired with the preferred air conditioner and other devices described herein. Particularly advantageous is the arrangement of the conventional Layer ventilation outlets in the area of the hall exterior walls or hall pillars, since then the supply air ducts necessary there affect the hall operation, such as a crane, as little as possible. In the middle of the hall can be used in this case preferably one or more preferred air conditioning units according to the invention are used.

Advantageously, in the operating state of the channel section may be provided in the region of a transition between the first and second fluid layer. This allows easy adaptation of the dimensions of the air conditioner to different room heights. The channel section can be correspondingly reduced or enlarged, so that the second outlet section can be arranged securely in the upper, second fluid layer.

Advantageously, the second outlet section can be open transversely to a longitudinal extension of the air conditioning unit. In the area between the open end of the second outlet portion and an overlying ceiling can, for. As a handling device on the ceiling, such as a hall crane can be attached without being disturbed by the air conditioner. A fixed connection to the ceiling can be omitted.

If the second outlet section can be designed to deliver impulse-heated fluid from the condenser, the operation of the air-conditioning device can support the fluid stratification. The resulting loads and currents remain predictable and manageable. Advantageously, the second outlet section may have a diffuser section. The second outlet section can also be designed without a diffuser. The second outlet section may in particular be designed as a standard layer ventilation passage. It may alternatively or additionally be provided as a fluid passage filter. Thus, particulate matter present in the discharged fluid can be retained and the quality of the second fluid layer can be improved in this regard. However, it is also possible a free opening cross-section.

Downstream of the first and / or second fluid input, a filter unit may be provided. As a result, fluid contaminated with suspended matter can also be removed from the second fluid layer and used for aeration of the first fluid layer.

Advantageously, an inflow grating may be provided at the first and / or second fluid inlet. The inflow grating can be designed as a perforated plate or as a slotted plate. It is also conceivable to dispense with a Einströmgitter.

To ensure sufficient fluid quality in the first fluid layer, a filter device can be provided in the first outlet section. Preferably, the filter device comprises at least one element from the group cartridge filter, solid state filter, filter mat, electrostatic precipitator, Schwebstofffilter, perforated plate.

Advantageously, an outflow grid can be provided at the first outlet section, which can preferably be designed for low-pulse delivery of the fluid. In particular, a conventional, low-pulse layer ventilation passage can be provided.

Conveniently, a strainer may be provided below the first outlet section.

Through a tubular cross-section, the air conditioner can have a very handy and compact design. A separation of the channel into a channel portion in which the evaporator is arranged and one in which the capacitor is arranged, can be easily produced in this simple geometry.

A mobility device for transport from one site to another can advantageously allow easy adjustment of the air conditioner. Thus, the air conditioner can be screwed with supports on the ground and optionally moved with a pallet truck. Also conceivable are rollers that can be fixed and can be solved for transporting the air conditioner. Likewise, a sliding surface is conceivable with which the air conditioner can be moved. This is a simple adaptation to changing conditions, such as a conversion of an industrial hall, another hall layout and the like, possible.

The air conditioner only needs a power connection and can be favorably combined with one or more facade air conditioners and / or one or more conventional low-pulsation layer ventilation passages arranged in the room, in particular in room walls or columns. In particular, a plurality of air conditioning units can be combined with each other to allow flexible air conditioning of a larger factory floor. The planning of such preferred air conditioning arrangements can make do without complex individual measurements of thermal and other currents on site. Rather, by moving one or more air conditioners in the room individual needs can be met. A reconciliation process may take place during the regulation of the one or more air conditioning units. To avoid cross-flow, the air conditioners should be positioned near the thermal sources. Thus, the thermal current can be locally replaced by the low-impulse circulating air. This is facilitated by the simple possibility of moving the air conditioner. If thermal air flows are underestimated in the planning phase, one or more air conditioning units can be re-ordered due to the modular nature of the system to stabilize the air stratification. This considerably reduces the planning risk compared to the known systems. The air conditioner can be offered as a modular system, staggered according to performance data, which further simplifies the planning process. The sizes of the individual air conditioners and their number and distribution could be selected by planners from catalogs with the help of tables and maps. For the air conditioning of an industrial hall, a sufficient number of such air conditioners is provided. Each air conditioner has the same internal structure, possibly with different thermal outputs and preferably only one power connection.

The preferred air conditioner allows easy planning, which is also easily mastered by non-specialized engineering offices of the supply engineering.

It is possible to fall back on modular standard components, so that a concept "off the shelf" is possible instead of an expensive individual concept for each individual hall layout. Likewise, a simple conversion option of old systems with turbulent mixing ventilation is possible.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. This show in a schematic representation:

1 a schematic representation of a preferred air conditioner with circulating air share with a layer ventilation;

2 a detailed view of the preferred air conditioner from 1 ;

3a - 3c different views of a first preferred Kondensatabscheiders;

4a - 4c different views of a second preferred condensate.

In the figures, the same or equivalent elements are numbered by the same reference numerals.

To illustrate the invention shows 1 a schematic representation of a preferred air conditioner 10 in a room with recirculated air part with a layer ventilation. The following is the air conditioner 10 when used with air as a fluid explained.

The space 100 , preferably a high industrial hall, has a geodetically lower, first layer of air 110 on top of that a second layer of air 120 is arranged, according to a usual air stratification. The two layers of air 110 . 120 are through a transition 130 separated. The upper air layer 120 has no significant influence on the lower layer of air 110 , The height of the first layer of air 110 is designed to be people, here as a heat source 150 as well as other heat sources 152 . 154 in the form of plants, such as manufacturing plants, within the first layer of air 110 are located. Warm air is taken from the first layer of air 110 by a thermal flow over the heat sources designed as systems 152 . 154 and optionally 150 in the second layer of air 120 carried upwards and there partly via an exhaust duct 170 that with exhaust air outlets 172 . 174 to the ceiling 116 connected, discharged. A certain amount of fresh air replaces the discharged air and can be passed through a conventional low pulsation layer ventilation passage 160 be supplied. The layer ventilation passage 160 is located on the room wall 117 and is over a branch 164 a supply air duct 162 provided. Furthermore, a conventional Fassadenklimagerät 180 in another side wall 119 of the room 100 be provided. The preferred air conditioner 10 is in one area 112 in close proximity to the heat sources 152 . 154 arranged. This is on the ground 114 attached to the room and projects freely with a free end of its outlet section into the second layer of air 120 , This can be a on the ceiling 116 fixed hall crane 190 easily be routed via the air conditioner.

The air conditioner 10 is schematically constructed with bottom-up axially successive modules. On one at the room floor 114 arranged first outlet section 20 , from which in operation fluid targeted into the area 112 the first fluid layer 110 exits, follows a channel section 30 for supplying the fluid from a first fluid inlet 50 to the first exit section 20 , A second, from the first fluid inlet 50 through a separation 58 fluidically separated fluid inlet 60 , via which the fluid to the condenser 44 is located above the first fluid inlet 50 , This is followed by the second exit section 70 from which the fluid into the second fluid layer 120 is delivered. As by small arrows on the air conditioner 10 is indicated, the layer ventilation is through the room 100 operated locally recirculated air operated.

Due to the air stratification forms in a high industrial hall (room 100 ) about 2.5 m high fresh air lake, in which there are usually people. Under the ceiling 116 It collects polluted air, which then passes through the exhaust air outlets 172 . 174 is transported away. The stable transition forms 130 between the air layers 110 and 120 , If not too strong Circulation in the second layer of air 120 takes place there, a condenser mounted there affects the residence area (air layer 110 ) Not. The in the upper air layer 120 introduced heat by condensation of the coolant in the cooling circuit is through the exhaust air outlets 172 . 174 transported away without becoming thermally effective in the residence area. This can be in the compact, preferably cylindrical air conditioner 10 that from the ground 114 through the fresh air lake into the polluted air, the complete functionality of a recirculation ventilation unit is integrated. This preferred air conditioner 10 only needs an electrical power connection and is extremely mobile in the room 100 used.

Exemplary details of the preferred air conditioner 10 are the 2 in a longitudinal section through the air conditioner 10 refer to.

The air conditioner 10 has a tubular housing 90 with a longitudinal extension 92 which forms a channel in its interior. The first exit section 20 has a filter unit 22 on, the z. B. an inner filter core 24 and a fine filter surrounding it 26 consists. The filter unit 22 is from a low momentum flow grid 28 surround. The filter device 22 may comprise at least one element from the group cartridge filter, solid state filter, filter mat, electrostatic precipitator, Schwebstofffilter, perforated plate. Optionally, a silencer may be provided.

Below the first exit section 20 is a mudflap 14 arranged. The air conditioner 10 is with a trained as a support mobility device 12 bolted to the ground.

In the operating state of the air conditioner are the first air inlet 50 and the second air inlet 60 in the second layer of air 120 intended. The first exit section 20 supplied circulating air is at the first air inlet 50 the second layer of air 120 ( 1 ).

To the air stratification in the room 100 ( 1 ), the circulating air must be from the second layer of air 120 ( 1 ) and after appropriate cooling the residence area, ie the first layer of air 110 ( 1 ), impulse fed. To a stable air stratification in the room 100 To achieve the circulating air with a low temperature, usually 3 to 6 Kelvin, low-impulse in the first layer of air 110 to be brought. Because of the cooling in the air conditioner 10 can take place, eliminates a necessary by an external air treatment in a central air conditioning unit rigid connection by means of air ducts in the room 100 ,

For cooling, a modified coolant system 40 with an evaporator 42 , a capacitor 44 and a compressor 46 be used for a circulating coolant. Further details of the coolant system 40 , such as an expansion valve and the like, are not shown, but are familiar to those skilled in the art. The preferred air conditioner 10 forms in this regard a modified split air conditioner. The evaporator 42 the coolant system 40 is in the duct of the air conditioner 10 fluidly separated from the condenser 44 arranged and cools the in the second, warmer air layer 120 removed air by a few Kelvin. The evaporator 42 can in the first layer of air 110 or even above this, however, is due to the separation 58 in the channel thermodynamically only in the lower first layer of air 110 effective. The air is made by means of a tube fan 56 through an inflow grille 52 at the first air entrance 50 aspirated and by a preferably designed as a coarse dust filter unit 54 directed. The pipe fan 56 can be regulated or unregulated.

For cooling a capacitor 44 in the second layer of air 120 Air is used by means of a pipe fan 66 through the second air inlet 60 that with an inflow grille 62 is provided from the second layer of air 120 sucked and through the second outlet section 70 discharged upward. The air passes through a diffuser section 70 which advantageously reduces the air velocity and a filter unit 76 as well as an outflow grid 74 through an open top end 72 impulsive again in the second layer of air 120 out. Upstream of the capacitor 44 is the air in a filter unit 64 cleaned, which is expediently designed as a coarse dust filter to contamination of the capacitor 44 to avoid.

By the separation 58 are the two air streams through the first and the second air inlet 50 . 60 independent of each other in the housing 90 of the air conditioner 10 suctioned.

In the operating state of the air conditioner 10 is the channel section 30 in the area of a transition 130 between the first and second fluid layers 110 . 120 intended. In the canal section 30 is between the evaporator 42 and the first exit section 20 a liquid separator 32 intended. In the embodiment shown is a conventional liquid separator 32 , which is often referred to in the air conditioning technology as a mist eliminator, and in 3a - 3b is shown in detail, obliquely to the longitudinal extent 92 arranged. Collected water is poured over a condensate tray 34 and a drain 36 from the air conditioner 10 dissipated.

As 3a In plan view, the air brushes vertically against a plurality of parallel plates of the water separator 32 over down. The sheets are bent at their lower edge in a suitable manner, for. B. flanged or canted, and form a gutter ( 3b ). These sheets are tilted so that condensate under gravity in the gutters to a condensate tray 34 and about a drain 36 can be removed ( 3c ). Usually, the flow direction would be perpendicular to the flanged lower edges, which would be arranged vertically.

A preferred embodiment of a liquid separator 232 show the 4a - 4c , The liquid separator 232 is in 4a in plan view in a housing 90 of the air conditioner 10 shown. The liquid separator 232 is made of a spirally rolled strip of material 234 educated ( 4b ), along a longitudinal edge 236 a gutter 238 has, z. B. by crimping the longitudinal edge 236 is formed. Preferably, the spiral begins in the middle at the highest point of the liquid separator 232 and descends towards the edge of the spiral. Thus, the separated condensate runs in the gutter 238 spiral outwards and downwards ( 4c ) and can by the on the housing 90 provided drain 36 be dissipated. The preferred liquid separator 232 works particularly favorable when the air flow in the direction of gravity, ie vertically, runs.

Claims (17)

Air conditioner ( 10 ) with a coolant circuit in which a coolant is moved, and an evaporator ( 42 ) for cooling a fluid and a condenser ( 44 ) for heating the fluid, wherein the capacitor ( 44 ) and the evaporator ( 42 ) in a common housing ( 90 ) are arranged so that in the operating state of the evaporator ( 42 ) in a defined, geodetically lower first fluid layer ( 110 ) and the capacitor ( 44 ) in a defined, geodetically upper second fluid layer ( 120 ) a fluid layering ( 110 . 120 ) is thermally effective, wherein a first exit section ( 20 ), from which, during operation, fluid is specifically directed into an area ( 112 ) of the first fluid layer ( 110 ) and a second exit section ( 70 ), from which the fluid in the second fluid layer ( 120 ) are provided, wherein from bottom to top axially successive - the first exit section ( 20 ), - a channel section ( 30 ) for supplying the fluid from a first fluid inlet ( 50 ) to the first exit section ( 20 ), - a second, from the first fluid input ( 50 ) fluidly separated second fluid inlet ( 60 ), via which the fluid to the condenser ( 44 ), and - the second exit section ( 70 ) are provided, characterized in that between the evaporator ( 42 ) and the first exit section ( 20 ) a liquid separator ( 32 . 232 ) is provided and the liquid separator ( 232 ) from a spirally rolled strip of material ( 234 ) formed along a longitudinal edge ( 236 ) a gutter ( 238 ) having. Air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that in the operating state of the first and the second fluid input ( 50 . 60 ) of the fluid in the second fluid layer ( 120 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the operating state of the channel section ( 30 ) in the area of a transition ( 130 ) between the first and second fluid layers ( 110 . 120 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second outlet section ( 70 ) transversely to a longitudinal extent ( 92 ) of the air conditioner ( 10 ) is open at the top. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second outlet section ( 70 ) is adapted from the capacitor ( 44 ) give off heated fluid with little impulse. Air conditioner according to claim 5, characterized in that the second outlet section ( 70 ) a diffuser section ( 78 ) having. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that downstream of the first and / or second fluid input ( 50 . 60 ) a filter unit ( 54 . 64 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the first and / or second fluid input ( 50 . 60 ) an inflow grille ( 52 . 62 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first outlet section ( 20 ) a filter device ( 22 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to claim 9, characterized in that the filter device ( 22 ) has at least one element from the group cartridge filter, solid state filter, filter mat, electrostatic precipitator, Schwebstofffilter, perforated plate. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first Exit section ( 20 ) an outflow grid ( 28 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to claim 11, characterized in that the outflow grid ( 28 ) is designed for low-pulse delivery of the fluid. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that below the first outlet section ( 20 ) a strainer ( 14 ) is provided. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a tubular cross-section. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a mobility device ( 12 ) to transport from one site to another. Air conditioning arrangement with at least one air conditioner ( 10 ) according to any one of the preceding claims. Air conditioning arrangement according to claim 16, characterized by a combination with at least one separately from the air conditioner ( 10 ) provided layer ventilation passage ( 160 ) and / or at least one separate air-conditioning unit, preferably a facade air-conditioning unit ( 180 ).

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