DE102007027835A1 - Oven for baking, grilling or cooking of food, has oven base plate and oven body attached or fitted on oven base plate, where oven base plate forms heated oven space and every oven base plate and oven body has two separate segments - Google Patents

Abstract

The oven (1) has an oven base plate (2) and an oven body (3) attached or fitted on the oven base plate. The oven base plate forms a heated oven space (4). Every oven base plate and oven body has two separate sectional or composite segments (5,6). All segments are connected in a detachable manner, where the segments of the oven base plate and the segments of the oven body are partially made of fire-resistant mineral material, particularly a fire-resistant concrete, fire-resistant cement and fire-resistant clay.

Description

The The invention relates to a furnace for baking, grilling or cooking Food.

Especially for the outdoors become conventional wood or charcoal-fired masonry baking, grilling and cooking ovens used. These stoves are tied to a place, not transportable and need by her weight a foundation. About that need the ovens a long heating phase of about 2-2.5 hours. The construction of such a baking, grilling and cooking oven for the exterior, is elaborate and relatively expensive, because the stove is not only bricked, but also burned out or with appropriate tiles must be lined by a To ensure fire resistance.

Of the Oven is made of clay of strength 2 cm to 8 cm made. He can be fired with wood or charcoal be and is capable of all foods by heating be prepared to give the appropriate heat. Even after the embers have gone out will be a stable, big one for a long time heat allows. The stove is made of several pieces of clay, which face each other be placed, for example, a base plate. a furnace body and a smoke outlet. That way, the stove can be at its location taken apart, the individual parts to another location transported and reassembled there.

Of the Material clay, however, is relatively elaborate in processing and allows for a stable product only a relatively limited shape. About that In addition, burned clay is relatively brittle, so he at another Handling or slightly damaged during use. Furthermore let yourself the furnace only directly through introduced into the furnace chamber wood or charcoal, but at different baking, grill. or cooking processes undesirable can be.

It It is an object of the invention to provide an oven for baking, grilling or To provide cooking of food, in which the aforementioned Disadvantages in the prior art at least partially overcome or at least diminished.

These Task is through the oven for baking, grilling and cooking food with the features of claim 1 and the sibling Patent claim 17 solved. Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge the dependent claim 1 and claim 17 dependent claims.

Of the Oven according to claim 1 for baking, grilling or cooking foods includes at least a furnace bottom plate and at least one on the at least one Oven bottom plate attachable or attached furnace body, the with the at least one furnace bottom plate at least one heatable Oven room forms. The at least one furnace bottom plate and the at least a furnace body are each composed of at least two individual segments or composed. where all individual segments are detachable with each other are connected and wherein the individual segments of the furnace bottom plate and / or the individual segments of the furnace body at least partially of a refractory, mineral mass, in particular a refractory concrete and / or a refractory cement and / or a refractory clay, are made.

Of the Oven according to the invention is especially for outdoor use, designed for example in the garden, in recreational and camping facilities, but it is also indoors, for example Can be used in the living area, basement or garage if a suitable Smoke extraction or adequate ventilation the premises guaranteed is.

The Oven bottom plate or the furnace body or whose individual segments can all or part or all of refractory, mineral Be mass produced. Together with the furnace body forms the furnace bottom plate a furnace room of the baking, grilling or cooking foods directly or with appropriate vessels can accommodate. In the simplest Fall leaves the oven room with a natural Fuel directly, such as wood or charcoal, the fuel being piled on the bottom plate of the furnace and is burned. The individual segments of the furnace body and the furnace bottom plate of a refractory concrete or a refractory cement or a fireproof clay are able to store heat or heat to these both inward on the food as well as outward, for example for grilling and cooking, to radiate and at the same time as heat source to serve.

An idea underlying the invention is that by using a refractory mineral mass, in particular a refractory concrete and / or a refractory cement and / or a refractory clay, a greater flexibility in the design of the furnace and a higher stability can be achieved , The refractory mineral masses are nonflammable, can be very tear resistant, especially refractory concrete or refractory cement and some refractory clays, and have a high density. This makes it possible in particular to realize low wall thicknesses. Fireproof clays are a special advancement of the industry and are not comparable in their properties with the conventional clays parable.

The Shaping the individual segments can be done by casting into molds, what a big number on design options brings with it. It can be, for example, corners and edges, projections or Create recesses in any shape and size, in which they are used for Example already in the mold are preformed. About that can out the refractory, mineral masses by pressing, pounding, vibrating, Rolling or isostatic pressing are processed to the desired shape.

ever In addition, no pre-firing according to the type of refractory material used more provided, but the strength can be alone by air drying be achieved, resulting in a cheaper and faster production allows and eliminates the risk of delay in the fire. Furthermore The strength can also by tempering at temperatures up to 400 ° C, preferably between 200 ° C and 300 ° C, or achieved by firing the refractory, mineral mass become. Another advantage of using the refractory, mineral mass is more diverse Color design.

One Main advantage of the furnace according to the invention is also that he uses the modular principle of several individual segments easy to assemble and disassemble equally. The Shape, size, width and number of furnace components or individual segments of the furnace is free selectable, as long as they are in a suitable and simple way to a furnace bottom plate and a furnace body can be composed, which surround a heated oven room. Even an oven with very big ones Dimensions can thus, if it is in sufficiently small individual segments is dismantled, dismantled by one person and in another place be rebuilt. About that addition, the oven is by adding further individual segments or change the arrangement or the type of individual segments arbitrarily expandable and / or changeable in its shape.

One further advantage of the furnace according to the invention is that the individual segments very easy and fast apart to take and put together, preferably to put together or lay there, as fundamental no additional connection the furnace components by gluing, screw or walls, etc. provided is. This is especially true of the service life of the furnace Advantage. Weather-related damage can to one avoided by the stove when not in Plant is mined and stored in a dry and relatively warm Place can be stored. On the other hand occur in the weather like Moisture or temperature fluctuations no tension between Connecting materials such as mortar or adhesives and the furnace components that cause cracking and, where appropriate Destruction of Lead furnace components could. Should a single segment nevertheless break, this can be easy be replaced.

To In a particularly preferred aspect of the invention, the individual segments comprise the furnace bottom plate and / or the individual segments of the furnace body for the detachable connection at least one positive fit Connecting edge or connecting surface, in particular at least a projection and / or at least one recess, preferably for generating a toothing or a tongue and groove joint and / or at least one solvable one Include connecting means. As releasable connection means are for example, hooks and eyes or bolt conceivable for that ensure that the individual segments are held together securely. The Interlocking of individual segments, for example, by corresponding L-shaped, S-shaped, serrated or wavy positive Connecting edges are achieved. The attached to the furnace bottom plate Single segments of the furnace body can preferably with corresponding positive connection edges in a substantially U- or V- or L-shaped recess in the furnace bottom plate as positive interface be held.

Especially It is advantageous if the individual segments of the furnace bottom plate and / or the individual segments of the furnace body each have the same geometric Shape and / or each have the same dimensions. The individual segments can then each put together arbitrarily and simply replaced become.

To In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the individual segments form the furnace bottom plate in an assembled state substantially a circular one or an oval or a triangular or a right-angled or another polygonal shape. The individual segments of the furnace bottom plate can the shape of circular sections, circular sectors or circular sectors as well Have circular rings in conjunction with at least one circle or be triangular, rectangular or polygon generally executed. The furnace bottom plate is preferably in an assembled state designed as a flat disc. But it can also be a convex or be provided a concave shape of the furnace bottom plate. In addition, it is it is possible that the furnace bottom plate has a plurality of concave or convex portions, has at least one step or edge or other shape features, if so for the particular application should be advantageous.

According to another preferred aspect According to the present invention, the individual segments of the furnace body in the assembled state form a dome, for example a hemisphere or with the rounding of a smaller sphere section, or a pyramid or a cuboid or a cylinder or a prism so that a furnace chamber which is large enough different foods or to pick up a jar of food. The shape of the furnace body may be selected depending on the shape of the furnace bottom plate or the purpose of use. It is also possible that a furnace bottom plate has a plurality of form-fitting regions, so that differently shaped furnace bodies can be placed on the furnace bottom plate. Particularly advantageous is the shape of the dome or a hemisphere, here the introduced heat is particularly uniformly reflected back from the walls and distributed in the oven room.

Especially it is preferred if individual segments of the furnace body are designed in such a way that that one by connecting edges between the individual segments of furnace body in the assembled state, certain line through the furnace bottom plate certain level in the area of the furnace bottom plate cuts. That means, the individual segments are preferably shaped, for example as a spherical surface segment or pyramid or prism surface or pyramid or prism element that one of the joint edges the individual segments rests on the furnace bottom plate and the other connecting edges or formed by two abutting joint edges Lines run away from the furnace bottom plate. The connecting edges between the individual segments of the furnace body are therefore not here in a horizontal direction or substantially parallel to the floor area or the level of the furnace bottom plate aligned, but in one Direction substantially transverse to the plane of the furnace bottom plate. The line along the joint edges of the individual segments of the furnace body can So with the floor area or the level of the furnace bottom plate angle of greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °, preferably at least 20 ° and maximum 160 °, depending according to which line of sight the line is viewed or which are the cutting planes perpendicular to the plane of the furnace bottom plate is looked at. The individual segments of the furnace body are in this preferred embodiment Accordingly, not stacked on each other, so from or in a to Furnace bottom plate vertical direction one after the other - or dismantled, but essentially from or in a parallel to the furnace bottom plate or a horizontal direction successively on or removed until the furnace body is completely assembled or taken apart. But it can also individual single segments be provided, which cover the entire circumference of the furnace body, for example, annular or are designed as a square or polygonal hollow body, and in vertical Direction one after another stacked.

Especially is appropriate it if individual segments of the furnace body recesses for at least a smoke outlet and / or at least one feed opening for the food. The insertion opening for food can in the simplest way also by omitting or taking away a single segment on the furnace body be created.

To Another aspect of the present invention is or is moreover at least one smoke outlet and / or at least one door element to close the insertion opening provided the or in the at least one smoke outlet opening and / or at least one insertion opening for the food can be used or used or on the at least one smoke vent and / or at least one insertion opening for the food be placed or is or is.

Especially It may also be advantageous if at least one partition wall is provided for dividing the at least one furnace chamber, which on the furnace bottom plate and / or the furnace body can be placed or placed on and detachable with the furnace bottom plate and / or the furnace body connected is. The dividing wall or dividing walls can likewise be made of a refractory, mineral mass, in particular a refractory, concrete and / or made of a refractory cement and / or a refractory clay be and will be or preferably via positive connection edges connected to the individual segments. A partition may be in their Height and Width over the entire oven room or just over extend part of the oven space and depending on the size used to assemble the furnace or in an intermediate step become.

According to a particularly preferred aspect of the present invention, the refractory mineral composition comprises at least one water-inactive, fine, refractory powder, in particular aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, spinel, titanium oxide, etc. or mixtures thereof, and at least one high-melting granule and / or one high-melting powder and one aluminum oxide Cement and / or a silica powder and / or other additives. In principle, it is possible to use all known and commercially available mixtures for refractory concrete which can be cast in suitable forms. As refractory granules and / or refractory powder, crushed volcanic rock or chamotte (alumina), alumina, magnesia, spinel or bauxite may be used, among others. Additives can Binders, dispersants, concrete plasticizers and refractory inorganic and organic fibers. Geodes, Pyrite tubers, sandstones, limestone layers and coals are preferably present in the mixture or only in very small proportions. Refractory concretes or cements can contain on average 25% by weight to 44% by weight of aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) in a continuous mixed series and as few impurities as possible. Refractory clays preferably contain only small amounts of illite, carbonates and iron compounds, since they can form glasses with a low melting point with the other parts of the mixture.

Especially preferred is the use of a refractory mineral mass in a mixture with a proportion of the water-inactive, fine high-melting Powder from 0 to 40 wt.% And a proportion of alumina cement from 0 to 12% by weight and / or a proportion of silica from 0 to 8% by weight.

Furthermore It may be advantageous if individual segments of at least one Oven bottom plate and / or individual segments of the at least one furnace body and / or the at least one smoke outlet and / or the at least one door element and / or the at least one partition at least partially a refractory metallic material, in particular a refractory steel or a cast iron and / or earthenware and / or made of clay are or is.

refractory mineral masses. in particular refractory concrete or refractory Cement or refractory clay, cast iron and earthenware allow one diverse Color design. In addition, refractory with mineral masses, Cast iron and earthenware capable of rapid temperature changes to pass without damaging the material. Cast iron has that extended advantage that it absorbs no moisture in itself. Through the use of these materials, a tremendous flexibility in the Design of the oven allows.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the furnace according to the invention have the individual segments of at least one furnace bottom plate and / or of the at least one furnace body a wall thickness from 1 cm to 10 cm, in particular from 1 cm to 6 cm. The thinner the Single segments executed be, the more comfortable it is disassemble, transport and assemble the oven.

In a further preferred embodiment of the furnace, the individual segments of the at least one furnace bottom plate and / or the at least one furnace body with at least one curvature a radius of curvature of less than 10 mm, in particular less than 5 mm, preferably smaller 1 mm up. Such small radii of curvature can be advantageous by the use of a pourable, refractory, mineral mass to achieve as furnace material, as they very precise can be poured into shape. The resulting single or multiple curved Single segments from continuous Material is usually more stable than comparable single segments made of firmly connected parts or plates become. Ideally, the goal is sharp edges or corners with a radius of curvature against 0 to produce. curvatures on the oven floor plate can For example, edges and corners on a shaped edge or at form-fitting Connecting elements or on other wells, elevations or Include steps in the furnace bottom plate. Curvatures on the furnace body can in particular Edges and corners on the individual segments as well as edges and corners positive Connecting elements or other depressions and elevations on furnace body include. In particular, the positive connections can be perform very accurately due to the small radii of curvature that can be generated. About it is by the possibility produce such single or multiple curved individual segments a very versatile, functional and creative design of the oven possible.

Especially It is advantageous if the at least one furnace chamber has a diameter of at least 20 cm to 2 m, in particular a diameter of 50 cm to 1 m. As a diameter is here and below the largest diameter or the clear width of the furnace space at the furnace bottom plate referred. The oven can be designed with a smaller diameter and be made arbitrarily expandable by growing more individual segments. in principle the furnace can be made arbitrarily small, so that one more meaningful use for baking, grilling or cooking is possible or run arbitrarily large, as long as he is still relatively easy and fast and under limited Force application or limited use of aids from and build up.

Especially it can also be advantageous if a transportable substructure, in particular a portable and / or mobile frame made of a refractory material for the oven is provided. This is always a safer and more stable Stand of the oven guaranteed.

In addition, preferably internals may be provided in the oven, such as racks or gratings, or grill bars, to enable multiple foods or vessels to be next to it nander, one above the other or without direct contact with the bottom of the oven in and on the furnace and bring to heat.

Of the Oven according to claim 17 for baking, grilling or cooking foods includes at least a furnace bottom plate and at least one on the at least one Oven bottom plate attachable or attached furnace body, the with the at least one furnace bottom plate at least one heatable Oven room forms. The at least one furnace bottom plate and the at least a furnace body are each composed of at least two individual segments or assembled, wherein all individual segments are detachable with each other are connected, wherein for heating the at least one furnace chamber at least one fluid heater is provided and wherein the fluid heater at least one heating element within the furnace space and / or comprises at least one heating element outside the furnace chamber.

Next the advantages of a flexible and easy assembly and disassembly as well Transports, is the main advantage of the oven according to the invention that the furnace space directly or indirectly with any fuel, especially liquid and solid fuel, is heatable.

Of the Oven is preferably made of refractory or refractory materials manufactured, with all known heat-resistant and refractory materials and the previously described refractory mineral masses can be used. For example, the furnace may be wholly or partly metallic Material, such as a refractory steel or a cast iron, or a mineral mass, in particular a refractory concrete and / or a refractory cement and / or a refractory clay or stoneware or clay.

By the construction of the furnace and the refractory materials used is a combination or exchange of fuel, for Example wood or charcoal and gas, possible, for example, too to cover different temperature ranges and better Regulation of the baking, grill or cooking process to allow. advantages a gas operation are an exact temperature control, an exact Control of gas supply and higher safety. For example Can the oven over the fluid heating until reaching a desired operating temperature from the outside be heated. While of the farm, so if the food or food in the oven The stove can be placed over the at least one heating element of the fluid heating within the furnace room or by wood or charcoal in the oven room or through In addition, the embers are heated are all other possible Combinations for the Heating of the oven space by means of fluid heating and conventional Heating with solid fuels possible.

Also In many residential areas heating is done with wood or charcoal as a nuisance felt. In the oven according to the invention is the same in this case firing by gas possible, the required temperature for the baking, grilling or cooking process to reach.

To A particularly preferred aspect of the invention is as a fuel for the Fluid heating of gas, in particular methane gas or propane gas or butane gas, and / or oil, intended. As a solid fuel for heating the furnace room In addition, wood or charcoal can be provided, the or directly burned in the oven room.

Especially It is advantageous if the at least one heating element within the furnace space at least a single segment of the furnace bottom plate, in particular on a side of the furnace body adjacent to the at least one single segment and / or at least one single segment the furnace body, in particular on a side adjacent to the furnace bottom plate the at least one individual segment is arranged. The heating elements inside the furnace chamber are therefore preferably on the furnace bottom plate arranged at the edge, so that heating even in the oven room food or containers with food. Heating elements within the furnace chamber on the furnace body are preferably arranged in the vicinity of the furnace bottom plate, so that the supplied Heat from ascend below the top and spread evenly in the oven room.

To Another preferred aspect of the invention is at least a heating element within the furnace space as at least one gas burning nozzle and / or at least one electrical heating element and / or at least one oil burner formed. Particular preference is given to using gas-burning nozzles.

It is particularly preferred if the at least one heating element outside the furnace chamber comprises at least one gas burner and / or at least one oil burner. Outside the furnace chamber may also be provided a combustion chamber for solid fuel. The at least one heating element outside the furnace chamber and / or the combustion chamber are arranged on the furnace, that is, in particular below the furnace bottom plate, that the heating heat passes through the furnace wall into the furnace chamber with a high efficiency. The gas or oil burner can also be used as heating be executed register.

Yet another particularly preferred aspect of the present invention have or has at least one single segment of the furnace bottom plate and / or at least one individual segment of the furnace body heating openings which pass through the individual segments. The heating holes can about that be distributed throughout the individual segment. The heating holes can in a direct heating of the furnace chamber to the air supply and the Serve ash discharge. In an indirect heating of the oven space over the Heating elements outside of the furnace chamber or the external combustion chamber lower the heating holes Heat transfer resistance the furnace wall.

Furthermore it may be advantageous if at least one heating element for heating within the oven space in the heating openings can be used or used or by this is feasible. The heating holes are then preferably adjacent to the edge of the furnace bottom plate or on the furnace body arranged to the furnace bottom plate. The heating elements can be in all or some of the heating holes in a single segment the oven bottom plate and / or the oven body permanently pre-installed or introduced before use become. For example, if gas burners are permanently installed only ensure the gas connections before using the stove. Are the Introduce heating elements before use, especially gas or oil fuel nozzles and electrical heating elements has the advantage that the individual segments of the stove without heating elements saves space and without danger the damage of the Heating elements can be stored and transported.

Especially It is advantageous if the heating openings an opening width between 0.2 mm and 10 cm, in particular between 0.2 mm and 5 cm, have good heat conduction to ensure or to use or be able to use a heating element.

Further advantageous embodiment and further development of the furnace according to claims 17 may be analogous to the dependent in claim 1 and optionally from claim 1 claims be designed.

In a particularly preferred embodiment For example, the oven of claim 1 or claim 17 is used as a pizza oven. In this case, the furnace is preferable in shape and dimensions for the usual Shapes and dimensions of pizzas designed.

The Invention will be described below with reference to embodiments and below With reference to the accompanying drawings further explained.

It each show in a schematic representation:

1 a perspective view of a first advantageous embodiment of the furnace according to the invention,

2 a side view of the furnace after 1 .

3 a front view of the stove after 1 .

4 a view of the stove after 1 .

5 a perspective view of a further modified embodiment of the furnace according to 1 .

6 a perspective view of a further modified embodiment of the furnace according to 1 .

7 a perspective view of a second advantageous embodiment of the furnace according to the invention,

7 a perspective view of a third advantageous embodiment of the furnace according to the invention,

9 a perspective view of a single segment of a further modified embodiment of the furnace according to 8th .

10 a perspective view of a single segment of a further modified embodiment of the furnace according to 8th ,

Corresponding parts and sizes are in the 1 to 10 provided with the same reference numerals.

1 to 6 show different views of a first advantageous embodiment of the furnace 1 according to the invention. The oven 1 includes a furnace bottom plate 2 and a furnace body 3 in the assembled state, a furnace room 4 form or surround. The oven floor plate 2 is here as a circular, flat disc with a peripheral edge 9 educated. on the hemispherical furnace body 3 is attached. Furnace floor plate 2 and furnace body 3 are at the in 1 illustrated oven 1 each of four individual segments 5 . 6 composed, with the individual segments 5 of the furnace bottom 2 always the same shape and the same Dimensions have. The individual segments 6 of the furnace body 3 also essentially have the same dimensions in each case. All individual segments 6 of the furnace body 2 also each have a recess on the assembled state of the furnace bottom 2 opposite side. The recesses of all individual segments 6 together form a smoke exhaust opening 7 , Two of the individual segments 6 of the furnace body 3 In addition, have a recess at the bottom of the furnace 3 facing side, which when the two individual segments 6 be assembled, an import opening 8th for food in the oven room 4 represents.

The individual segments 5 . 6 have positive connection edges 10 with corresponding, L-shaped toothing 11 on. The attachment of the individual segments 6 of the furnace body 3 on the oven floor plate 2 is due to the positive connection of the composite furnace body 3 with the peripheral edge 9 the furnace bottom plate 2 achieved, which thus serves as a positive connection surface. The individual segments 5 . 6 are each loosely assembled and hold together only stable due to the form-locking connections. There are no other connection aids such as glue or mortar used so the oven 1 after use take apart the individual segments 5 . 6 , can be easily disassembled again.

The individual segments 5 . 6 are in the in 1 to 9 illustrated embodiments of the furnace always designed so that a through the joint edges 10 between the individual segments 6 of the furnace body in the assembled state, certain line L intersects a plane E defined by the furnace bottom in the region of the furnace bottom plate (cf. 3 ).

In 5 is the oven 1 to 1 with attached flue 13 shown. The smoke outlet 13 can easily into the smoke outlet 7 be used. In 6 is an embodiment of the furnace according to 1 with inserted Tütelement 14 shown. For introducing the food or food, the door element 14 taken out and then used against. flue 13 and door element 14 can like the oven 1 be made of a refractory mineral mass or other suitable refractory material.

7 schematically shows a second advantageous embodiment of the furnace according to the invention 1 , The oven floor plate 2 is made of four rectangular single segments 5 composed and carries four individual segments 6 of the furnace body 3 having a substantially triangular basic shape comprising a pyramidal furnace body 3 form. In principle, it would also be possible for the furnace body 3 to 7 only two curved individual segments 6 provided. Each of the individual segments 6 would then each have two pyramidal surfaces and one edge. Such individual segments could also be stacked very advantageously for storage. By using a refractory concrete or cement, for example, as a furnace material can be curved single segments with relatively sharp edge or with a very small radius of curvature of the edge, for example, by pouring the mass into a corresponding shape, consistently and very stable produce. In particular, in the use of clay as a material for the individual segments such curved shapes would be produced only from individual parts, with the associated loss of stability through the joint, or with a relatively large radius of curvature.

At the of the oven floor plate 2 opposite side of the furnace body 3 is in 7 also a smoke vent 7 provided, in which a flue could be used, the insertion 8th for food is in this, embodiment of only a single segment 6 of the furnace body 3 trained and would optionally also be closed via a door element. The individual segments 6 of the furnace body form a tongue and groove connection 17 with a depression in the oven bottom plate 2 , which thus serves as a positive connection surface. The teeth between the individual segments 5 . 6 are not shown for the sake of simplicity.

To the oven 1 It should be set up on a stable, stable and solid ground. First, preferably the individual segments 5 the furnace bottom plate 3 placed on the ground and put together or pushed together, so that the continuous furnace bottom plate 3 is formed. Subsequently, the four individual segments are preferably successively 6 of the furnace body 3 in the desired arrangement and in an order that, for example, the interlocking connection can be performed on the furnace bottom plate 3 put on until the continuous furnace body 3 with an insertion opening 8th arises. Subsequently, other components such as flue 13 or door element 4 used and the oven 1 be put into operation.

In the simplest case, the stove can be heated with wood or charcoal as fuel. The fuel can then either only at the edge of the furnace bottom plate 2 or spread over the entire floor area and burned. After only 45 to 60 minutes, an operating temperature of 500 ° C to 600 ° C can be achieved with this type of heating. The embers can then be removed or attached to the edge of the furnace bottom plate 2 ver be brought, depending on whether the food in a vessel in the oven 1 or, for example, baked goods directly to the bottom of the oven 1 should be placed.

A third advantageous embodiment of the furnace 1 according to the invention shows 8th , The in 8th illustrated oven 1 In its construction and its shape corresponds essentially to the furnace 1 to 1 , Unlike the in 1 illustrated oven 1 is after the oven 7 provided a fluid heater. For a fluid heating, in particular with gas, various operating modes or embodiments of the furnace are possible.

At the in 8th shown furnace are in the individual segments 5 the furnace bottom plate 2 through the oven bottom plate 2 continuous heating openings 12 intended. The heating holes 12 allow excellent heat conduction from a heating element outside the furnace chamber (see arrows in 8th ) of the fluid heater, such as a gas or oil burner or gas heater or a wood or charcoal fire, in the furnace chamber 4 , In addition, the oven room 4 For example, directly with wood or charcoal or Mi heating elements of the fluid heating within the furnace chamber (not shown here) are heated.

In the heating openings 12 can be heating elements 16 be introduced as in 9 represented, which emit heat within the furnace chamber, such as gas burners or electric heating elements. 9 shows a single segment 6 of the furnace body 3 with heating elements 16 inside the oven room 4 , The heating holes 12 in which the heating elements are used t are preferably in the vicinity of the furnace bottom plate 3 arranged to ensure even heat distribution in the oven cavity 4 through the heating elements used 16 to enable. The heating element 16 is supplied from the outside with fuel or energy.

10 shows a fluid heater with heating elements 16 within the furnace chamber 4, in particular gas burners, which together with a gas supply line 15 on a single segment 5 the furnace bottom plate 2 are arranged. In this embodiment, there are no heating holes 12 intended. The gas supply line 15 can be performed on the single segment, but preferably embedded in the single segment. Also the individual segments 6 of the furnace body 3 can use this way

1

oven

2

Furnace floor plate

3

furnace body

4

furnace

5

individual segments the furnace bottom plate

6

individual segments of the furnace body

7

Smoke outlet

8th

insertion opening

9

All-round edge

10

Positive connection edge

11

gearing

12

heating opening

13

flue

14

door element

15

gas supply

16

Gasbrenndüse

17

Tongue and groove

L

line

e

level

Claims (26)

Oven for baking, grilling or cooking foodstuffs comprising at least one oven bottom plate ( 2 ) and at least one on the at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) attachable or mounted furnace body ( 3 ), which is connected to the at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) at least one heated oven space ( 4 ), wherein the at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and the at least one furnace body ( 3 ) each of at least two individual segments ( 5 . 6 ) are composable or composed, all individual segments ( 5 . 6 ) are releasably connected to each other and wherein the individual segments ( 5 ) of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) are at least partially made of a refractory mineral mass, in particular a refractory concrete and / or a refractory cement and / or a refractory clay, are made. Oven according to claim 1, wherein the individual segments ( 5 ) of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) for the detachable connection at least one positive connection edge ( 10 ) or interface ( 2 ), in particular at least one projection and / or at least one recess, preferably for generating a toothing ( 11 ) or a tongue and groove connection ( 17 ), and / or at least one detachable connecting means. Oven according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the individual segments ( 5 ) of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) each have the same geometric shape and / or each have the same dimensions. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 5 ) of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) in an assembled state substantially form a circular or an oval or a triangular or a rectangular or another polygonal shape. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) in the assembled state form a dome or a pyramid or a cuboid or a cylinder or a prism. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) are designed so that a by connecting edges ( 10 ) between the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) in the assembled state certain line (L) one through the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) certain level (E) in the area of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) cuts. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) Recesses for at least one smoke outlet opening ( 7 ) and / or at least one import opening ( 8th ) for the food. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one flue ( 13 ) and / or at least one door element ( 14 ) for closing the import opening ( 8th ) are provided, the or in the at least one smoke vent ( 7 ) and / or at least one import opening ( 8th ) can be used or inserted for the food or on the at least one smoke outlet ( 7 ) and / or at least one import opening ( 8th ) are or can be applied to the food. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one partition wall is provided for dividing the at least one furnace space ( 4 ) placed on the bottom of the oven ( 2 ) and / or the furnace body ( 3 ) can be placed or attached and detachably connected to the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or the furnace body ( 3 ) connected is. Oven according to one or more of the preceding Claims, wherein the refractory, mineral mass at least one water-inactive fine refractory powder, especially alumina, chromium oxide, Spinel, titanium oxide, etc., or mixtures thereof, and at least a high-melting granules and / or a high-melting Powder and an alumina cement and / or a silica powder and / or other additives. Oven according to claim 10, wherein a proportion of the water-inactive, fine, high-melting powder from 0 to 40 wt.% And a proportion to alumina cement from 0 to 12 wt.% And / or a proportion of Silica of 0 to 8 wt.% Is. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 5 ) at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or individual segments ( 6 ) of the at least one furnace body ( 3 ) and / or the at least one flue ( 13 ) and / or the at least one door element ( 14 ) and / or the at least one partition is at least partially made of a refractory metallic material, in particular a refractory steel or a cast iron, and / or made of earthenware and / or clay or is. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 5 . 6 ) at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or the at least one furnace body ( 3 ) have a wall thickness of 1 cm to 10 cm, in particular from 1 cm to 6 cm. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the individual segments ( 5 . 6 ) at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or the at least one furnace body ( 3 ) has at least one curvature with a radius of curvature of less than 10 mm, in particular less than 5 mm, preferably less than 1 mm. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one furnace chamber ( 4 ) has a diameter of at least 20 cm to 2 m, in particular a diameter of 50 cm to 1 m. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein a transportable substructure, in particular a portable and / or mobile frame of a refractory material, for the furnace ( 1 ) is provided. Oven for baking, grilling or cooking foodstuffs comprising at least one oven bottom plate ( 2 ) and at least one on the at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) attachable or mounted furnace body ( 3 ), which is connected to the at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) at least one heated oven space ( 4 ), wherein the at least one furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and the at least one furnace body ( 3 ) each of at least two individual segments ( 5 . 6 ) are composable or composed, all individual segments ( 5 . 6 ) are detachably connected to each other, wherein for heating the at least one furnace chamber ( 4 ) at least one fluid heater is provided and wherein the fluid heater at least one heating element ( 16 ) inside the oven room ( 4 ) and / or at least one heating element outside the furnace space ( 4 ). Oven according to claim 17, wherein as fuel for the fluid heating Gas, in particular methane gas or propane gas or butane gas, and / or oil provided are or is. Oven according to claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the at least one heating element ( 16 ) within the furnace space ( 4 ) on at least one individual segment ( 5 ) of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ), in particular at one of the furnace body ( 3 ) adjacent side of the at least one single segment ( 5 ), and / or on at least one individual segment ( 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ), in particular at one of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) adjacent side of the at least one single segment ( 6 ) is arranged. Oven according to claim 19, wherein said at least one heating element ( 16 ) within the furnace space ( 4 ) comprises at least one gas burning nozzle and / or at least one electric heating element and / or at least one oil burner. Oven according to one or more of claims 17 to 20, wherein the at least one heating element outside the furnace chamber ( 4 ) comprises at least one gas burner and / or at least one oil burner. Oven according to one or more of claims 17 to 21, wherein at least one individual segment ( 5 ) of the furnace bottom plate ( 2 ) and / or at least one single segment ( 5 . 6 ) of the furnace body ( 3 ) Heating openings ( 12 ). Oven according to claim 22, wherein the heating opening ( 12 ) have an opening width between 0.2 mm and 10 cm, in particular between 0.2 mm and 5 cm. Oven according to claim 22 or claim 23, wherein the at least one heating element ( 16 ) within the furnace space ( 4 ) in at least one heating opening ( 12 ) can be used or used. Oven according to one or more of claims 17 to 24 in retrospect to one or more of claims 1 to 16. Oven according to one or more of the preceding claims for use as a pizza oven.