DE102006047679A1 - Bridge for enabling small animal e.g. otter, to cross river, has individual components with running surface and two side parts, where components are connected with one another by hooks and made of concrete material - Google Patents

Abstract

The bridge has individual components with a running surface (13) and two side parts (15), where the components are formed as straight and bent and/or angled parts. The angled parts are end and intermediate parts for integration in the embankment of the river. The components are connected with one another by interleaved hooks or by the using connecting parts (19). The components are made of concrete material i.e. concrete, exposed aggregate concrete, porous concrete or reinforced concrete. Geological substances such as sand and gravel are provided on the running surface in variable mixture.

Description

1st topic

With Small Animal bridges become fluvial traffic route intersections after- or equipped, if below the road bridges the passages no berms or natural or near-natural bank structures have. Their employment takes place accordingly in the context of ecological Refurbishment of running waters, d. H. in hydraulic engineering.

2. State of the art

• a) Trockenröhren, -tunnel
• b) gemauerte Uferbermen
• c) Uferrandstreifen aus Faschinen mit Holzpfählen und Steinhinterfüllung
• d) Holzpfahlstege und
• e) Steingefüllte Gabionen (sog. Drahtsteinkörbe bzw. Drahtschotterkörbe).

Known technical variants, semiaquatisch living small animals or mammals to grant the passage below roads / traffic routes in the spatial context of rivers, are:

• a) Dry tubes, tunnels
• b) bricked shore mountains
• c) Riparian strips of fascines with wooden posts and stone backfilling
• d) Holzpfahlstege and
• e) Stone filled gabions (so-called wire baskets or wire ball baskets).

All Variants were made by Mrs. Heike Neumann in her diploma thesis on the topic: preventive measures in otter protection with special consideration of the traffic situation (University Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of National Culture and Environmental Protection, 1997).

a) dry tubes or tunnels, in particular, in addition to flooded pipes, culverts, weirs - ie at very cramped space - arranged. They are not always good for the animals can be found and have no natural structures, d. H. vegetation, on. Lack of escape, especially in long tunnels, as they are for wide roads or at highways result, lead towards aversions of the animals this passage. In addition, very large diameters of the tubes are appropriate Length needed to to be accepted by the otters etc. That in turn is high Investment costs associated. General is for the installation of such a tube high work required.

b) Brick shores set a sufficiently large flow cross section ahead, as they restrict this. The water backwater in front of the traffic bridge takes to. This variant can only be used if the flood drain despite the resulting narrowing is secured. For the construction must the working space be shielded against water, leaving a temporary Diversion of the water or an elaborate one Structural design required is going to create the berms. (Otherwise it is underwater concrete possible - but also costly and laborious.) In any case, shore mountains obstruct the view of the lower part of the bridge Support or foot.

c) Riparian strips made of fascines and wooden posts with stone backfilling be, also reduce the flow area and are with it for close passages not suitable. For the ramming of the wooden poles is a certain minimum height Of the passage necessary, which is often not given. moreover The ramming itself can interfere with the foundation of bridge to lead. Riparian strips enable also no clear view of the lower parts of the bridge construction. And wood such as fascines are subject to rotting.

d) Holzpfahlstege not narrow the flow cross-section, they allow also the view of the bridge piers and they are a simple and relatively inexpensive solution. Your construction sets but, as previously described, a minimum height for ramming the piles ahead, and the ramming itself is not always perfect even for the bridge safely. Another significant disadvantage is the rotting of the Web.

e) Gabions are wire baskets filled with stones or crushed stone whose surface for better passage with wooden boards or planks is occupied. To set up is associated with costly manual work. As with all variants that constrict the flow area, is Again, no view of the bridge pier behind the gabions possible, for damage at the bridge building early determine. For narrow passages this variant is unsuitable. In addition, the wood shares rotting and the wire baskets rust.

3rd problem

By roads, Motorways and railways are known to be biotopes cut. These biotopes include streams and rivers. Try in these areas semiaquatically living small animals, such. B. Otter (further: Muskrat, brown-breasted iguana, badger, Elbe beaver, fox, house rat, Ermine, mouse weasel, mink, stone marten, waldiltis, brown rat, Water shrew, etc.), the streets to overcome, what often to Traffic death of the animals leads.

Investigations have shown that, among other things, the river narrows, which in the past are often scarce, and which have no natural bank structures in the bridge area, lead to aversions of the animals, so that the passages, although theoretically possible, are not flooded. And animals that live by rivers, but themselves There are no swimmers, they are also looking for a way across the road, because the banks are missing.

To a complex of measures, allowing the animals to make their way through the bridge passage should, heard the small animal bridge, also called Otterpassage in the literature, because for Otter the need of protection proven, they are considered to be particularly sensitive and a distinctive migratory behavior demonstrate. As already described, there are different variants, one Small Animal bridge to build, to choose from. All known possibilities are however problematic. Either they narrow the already narrow passages (often just as wide as the bottom of the river), so that the rated flood water flow is no longer secured [masonry Shore mountains, riparian strips of fascines and stone filling, gabions]; or they are only big Effort feasible [drying tubes, tunnel, underwater masonry or temporary river diversion]; they rot with time [wood, fascines, gabion baskets] or they can not be realized at the location in question, because the installation heights [Rammhöhe for wooden posts] not given are. In addition, drying tubes z. B. not synonymous accordingly be accepted, as they are the animals during the passage no escape Offer.

4. Solution including accomplished advantages

It was looking for a solution for one Small animal bridge construction sought, which combines the advantages of the previous variants and thereby minimizes the disadvantages. In addition, after a possible universally applicable solution searched. And this was with the small animal bridge (also called Otterpassage), which described below found.

The small animal bridge consists of precast elements that can be stacked together or put together, which can be inserted into one another by hooking on the front sides (upper edge), telescoping the elements on the end faces (grooves ( 22 )) or through the use of connecting parts ( 19 ) (Reinforced concrete, concrete, steel, iron or the like / eg U-pieces) are connected, thus giving arbitrarily long otter paths (run length). The integration into the embankment is done by angle parts, which may be end links or spacers.

The Concrete parts can manufactured in different standard sizes become. The dimensioning of the height the concrete parts are dependent the average, summer and winter mean annual water level, the width results from the necessary Laufwegbreite for Otterpassagen of at least 0,5 m and a possible width increase due to constructive Special features of the respective passage (eg passage constrictions above the waterline).

The Finished parts consist of concrete, wash, steel or aerated concrete. The general wall thickness directs depending on the size of the finished parts, is but Normally approx. 5 cm, with larger versions and reinforced concrete elements accordingly more.

The Edges are rounded slightly to the resistances of the draining water to minimize.

The surface of the small animal bridge forms a closed tread ( 13 ) with slightly raised side edges ( 14 ), so that stones that serve the mark (scent marking), dead wood, gravel o. Ä. Can be stored on it without rolling down the same.

The pages ( 15 ) are to be open as large as possible. This ensures the free visibility and control of the bridge foot of the road bridge and the free Durchschwimmbarkeit for Ichthyofauna. In addition, manufacturing and transport costs (concrete weight) are thereby minimized, and the parts can be put together during transport.

The stability of the side parts is determined by transverse ( 16 ), Longitudinal ( 18 ) or diagonal connections.

It was also a variant with a basement ( 20 ), which supports the migration of aquatic invertebrates. This will be discussed in more detail in the further embodiment of the invention.

Further advantages of the construction

• • Langlebigkeit/Haltbarkeit – im Vergleich zur Verrottung von Holzstegen oder der Durchrostung der Gabionenkörbe
• • Stabilität – da Beton so massiv ist, dass selbst Hochwasserabflüsse diese Konstruktion nicht einfach mitreißen können; es werden auch keine Vibrationen durch den Straßenverkehr auf die Lauffläche übertragen, die sonst zu Aversionen der Tiere führen könnten
• • keine wesentliche Querschnittseinengung beim Durchfluss und nur minimaler Aufstau – im Gegensatz zu Gabionen oder gemauerten Bermen, dadurch auch bei beengten Platzverhältnissen einsetzbar
• • das Aufstellen der Teile ist bei normalem Abfluss (und jahreszeitlich relativ unabhängig) möglich – im Gegensatz zu Bermen, welche gemauert werden müssen (und u. U. sogar einer Umleitung des Flusses bedürfen)
• • der Aufbau ist auch bei geringer Brückenhöhe möglich – im Gegensatz zu Holzstegen oder Uferrandstreifen mit Faschinen, deren Pfähle gerammt werden müssen
• • der Aufbau erfolgt ohne Gefahr oder Beeinträchtigung der Straßenbrücke – im Gegensatz zu Pfahlrammarbeiten
• • Handarbeit bei der Aufstellung ist gering – im Gegensatz zu Gabionen – und der Aufwand vertretbar
• • die Otterpassage muss nicht an der Brücke befestigt werden
• • die Konstruktion gewährt den vollen Einblick auf den Brückenfuß zu Kontrollzwecken – im Gegensatz zu Gabionen, gemauerten Bermen oder massiv gestalteten Uferrandstreifen
• • bei Bedarf (z. B. Brückenreparatur) ist die Konstruktion wieder entfernbar, ohne dass sie dadurch zerstört werden würde – im Gegensatz zu allen anderen bekannten Varianten
• • die Betonteile lassen sich in die Böschung problemlos einbauen und gegebenenfalls verankern
• • wenige Größen, d. h. zwei Breiten und etwa drei Höhen reichen aus, um für jeden betroffenen Straßendurchlass die passende Kleintierbrücke konstruieren zu können
• • für die Bemessung reichen i. d. R. die Mittelwasserstände (Jahresmittel- und Winterwasserstand), die sich oft bereits an den Brückenpfeilern abzeichnen, die Durchlasshöhe und -breite aus
• • aufwendige Planungen und Berechnungen, wie sie für durchlasseinengende Varianten (Faschinenuferrandstreifen, gemauerte Bermen, Gabionen) nötig sind, werden hier minimiert
• • durch eine Serien- bzw. Massenproduktion wird eine günstige Preisgestaltung möglich
• • die Otterpassage aus Betonfertigteilen ist, wie beschrieben, eine massive Konstruktion – dennoch wiegt sie im Vergleich zu steingefüllten Gabionen der gleichen Größe mit Untergeschoss (leer) nur etwa die Hälfte, ohne diese Spezialausführung sogar noch weniger und
• • im Notfall trägt sie auch Menschen oder größere Tiere (als Otter).

consist in:

• • Longevity / durability - compared to rotting wooden boards or corroding gabion baskets
• • Stability - because concrete is so massive that even flood drains can not easily carry along this structure; There are also no vibrations transmitted by the road to the tread, which could otherwise lead to aversion of the animals
• • no significant cross-sectional flow restriction and minimal accumulation - unlike gabions or brick berms, which means it can also be used in confined spaces
• • setting up the parts is possible during normal runoff (and relatively independently in the season) - in contrast to berms, which must be bricked (and may even require a diversion of the river)
• • The structure is also at low bridge height possible - in contrast to boardwalks or riparian strips with fascines whose piles have to be rammed
• • The construction is carried out without danger or impairment of the road bridge - in contrast to pile driving work
• • Manual labor during installation is low - in contrast to gabions - and the effort is justifiable
• • The otter passage does not need to be attached to the bridge
• • The construction provides full visibility of the bridge foot for control purposes - as opposed to gabions, bricked berms, or massively designed riparian strips
• • If necessary (eg bridge repair), the structure can be removed again without it being destroyed - in contrast to all other known variants
• • the concrete parts can be easily installed in the embankment and anchored if necessary
• • a few sizes, ie two widths and about three heights, are sufficient to construct the right small animal bridge for each affected passageway
• • For the design, the mean water levels (mean and winter water levels), which often already appear on the bridge piers, usually suffice for the passage height and width
• • complex planning and calculations, as they are necessary for durchlasseinengende variants (Fächufuferstreifen, masonry berms, gabions) are minimized here
• • A mass or mass production makes a favorable pricing possible
• • The precast concrete otter passage is a solid construction as described, yet it weighs only about half of that of stone-filled gabions of the same size with basement (empty), even less and without this special design
• • In an emergency, she also carries people or larger animals (as an otter).

Further embodiment of invention

A special variant of the small animal bridge is the Otterpassage, a basement ( 20 ) contains. This is filled with gravel, sand, deadwood and also larger stones. The resulting gaps serve the invertebrates as hiking trails; The phytoplankton and zooplankton settle there and serve as food for them. This variant is particularly suitable where there is sufficient cross-section in the passage and the bridge passage otherwise with concrete grating plates ( 12 ) or solid riprap has been fixed, so that the migration of Evertebraten is limited.

To At the top, the described layer with a geogrid, which permeable for invertebrates is, but holds gravel, or heavily perforated Concrete covered, leaving the gravel etc. at flood discharge in the basement is held. The side walls can also permeable designed for invertebrates, d. H. pestered or slotted. The filling the Evertebratenwanderschicht takes place with the installation of concrete parts on site.

drawings

1 : Formation of a small animal bridge under a road bridge top view

2 : Arrangement of the small animal bridge under a road bridge cross-section left - an otter passage with basement to the Evertebratenwanderung right - an otter passage (variant with cross connections)

3 : Single element of the small animal bridge variant with closed basement * (for invertebrate migration),
Presentation without filling the Evertebratentunnels
(* the basement has been shown without holes or slots for the sake of clarity)

4 : Single element of the small animal bridge variant with cross connections

5 : Single element of the small animal bridge variant with longitudinal connections

6 : Single element of the small animal bridge variant with a side part

7 : Single element of the small animal bridge variant with one side part and two running surfaces * / ** (* winter and (summer) tread particularly suitable for winter medium water runoff, ** summer running surface, is temporarily over-washed in winter)

1

Small Animal bridge

2

Running waters (river, Bach)

3

Embankment (to Flowing waters)

4

Thoroughfare (Street, Highway)

5

Traffic bridge (road bridge)

6

markers (for the scent marking of the animals)

7

Trees and shrubbery

8th

Small animal bridge with filled basement

9

Small animal bridge - with stabilizing Cross connections of the side parts

10

Mean water level in the summer half-year

11

Mean water level in the winter season

12

fortified river bottom z. B. Concrete grid plates

13

tread

14

raised side edge

15

side panel

16

stabilizing Cross connection of the side parts

17

Opening to Recording a connection part

18

stabilizing longitudinal connection the side parts

19

connecting part (U-units)

20

basement

21

blanket of the basement

22

groove for telescoping two bridge elements

Claims (10)

Small animal bridge for waterways traffic-road intersections consisting of composable or stringable individual elements characterized - that it is the purpose of purpose-specific prefabricated rot-proof parts, - that the elements each have at least one tread and one or two side parts, - that the small animal bridge directional straight and bent or angled elements is constructed, - that the angle parts for integration into the slope or changes in direction within the passage are both end and intermediate parts, - that the elements by hooking or telescoping the end faces or the use of connecting parts together - that the installation of the elements, ie the construction of the small animal bridge, does not result in any significant cross-sectional constriction for the water drainage in the traffic bridge passage, is suitable even for installation in small, cramped or low culverts, - that the construction of the small animal bridge does not affect or jeopardize the traffic bridge, - that the construction if necessary, for. B. bridge repair, nondestructively removed and can be rebuilt later, - that a few standardized size height, width - sufficient to construct the appropriate small animal bridge for each affected passage. Small Animal bridge according to claim 1 characterized - that the Elements of a concrete material, d. H. concrete, steel, washing or aerated concrete are made. Small Animal bridge according to claim 1 characterized - that the Elements made from a combination of different concrete materials are. Small Animal bridge according to one of the claims 1 to 3 characterized - that all pointing to the water Edges are rounded. Small Animal bridge according to one of the claims 1 to 4 characterized - that the tread - top of the elements - to the lateral edges slight elevations has, and - that on the tread in variable mixing ratio geological substrates such as gravel, sand, rocks and biogenic material like wood, branches, Bark pieces, mosses are applied. Small Animal bridge according to one of the claims 1 to 5 characterized - that the side panels largely open, so the bridge piers at any time of visual inspection accessible are. Small Animal bridge according to one of the claims 1 to 6 characterized - that the side parts through Transverse, longitudinal, Diagonal connections or a combination of these different ones Compounds are stabilized. Small Animal bridge according to one of the claims 1 to 7 characterized - that the small animal bridge with a fillable Basement is equipped, - that the filling off a variable mixing ratio of geological and biogenic material gravel, pebbles, stones, Wood, bark pieces etc. - exists, and - that the basement has sides of concrete that are heavily perforated or slotted so that aquatic invertebrates or aquatic insects this can happen. Small Animal bridge according to claim 8 characterized - that this Basement is open at the top and after filling by a wide-meshed or coarse geogrid, which is suitable for aquatic Evertebraten or water insects is permeable, is covered, and - that this Geogrid is attached to the side panels. Small animal bridge according to claim 8 characterized - that the cover of the basement is made of concrete, which has many small holes or slits, and - that the cover is thus permeable to aquatic invertebrates or water insects.