DE10041028A1 - Hydropneumatic gas spring has cylinder chamber, which is connected to two separate gas chambers via flow channels - Google Patents

Hydropneumatic gas spring has cylinder chamber, which is connected to two separate gas chambers via flow channels

Info

Publication number
DE10041028A1
DE10041028A1 DE2000141028 DE10041028A DE10041028A1 DE 10041028 A1 DE10041028 A1 DE 10041028A1 DE 2000141028 DE2000141028 DE 2000141028 DE 10041028 A DE10041028 A DE 10041028A DE 10041028 A1 DE10041028 A1 DE 10041028A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gas spring
gas
hydropneumatic
spring according
cylinder chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE2000141028
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German (de)
Inventor
Klaus Leben
Bernhard Starker
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE2000141028 priority Critical patent/DE10041028A1/en
Priority to DE10140553A priority patent/DE10140553B4/en
Publication of DE10041028A1 publication Critical patent/DE10041028A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/063—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid comprising a hollow piston rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/516—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension, i.e. responsive to the direction of movement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The gas spring has a cylinder chamber (9), a pressure valve (12) and two separate gas chambers (7,8). The cylinder chamber is connected to the gas chambers formed between damping medium in the cylinder chamber and gas by separating pistons (5,6) via flow channels (SK1, SK2).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Gasfedern sind als Zuggasfedern und Druckgasfedern in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt. Der gemeinsame Nachteil bekannter Ausführungen ist der Kraftanstieg über dem Weg in meist exponentialer Form, gemäß dem Druckverhalten komprimierter Gase. Der Gasdruck muß bei hohen Druckkräften entsprechend hoch vorgesehen werden, d. h. die Druckkraft ist direkt proportional des Gasdruckes. Ein meist gewünschter flacher Verlauf der Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie ist nur über einen entsprechend großvolumigen Gasraum zu erreichen. Ein über den Hub willkürlich unterschiedlicher Kraftverlauf oder eine vom Gasdruck unabhängige Druckkraft ist mit den bekannten Bauformen nicht realisierbar.Gas springs are in as pull gas springs and compression gas springs various versions known. The common disadvantage known designs is the increase in force over the way in mostly exponential form, according to the pressure behavior compressed gases. The gas pressure must be at high pressure forces be provided accordingly high, d. H. the pressure force is directly proportional to the gas pressure. A most wanted flat course of the force-displacement characteristic is only over one to achieve a correspondingly large gas space. One about the Stroke arbitrarily different force curve or one from Gas pressure independent pressure force is known with the Designs not feasible.

Ziel der ErfindungAim of the invention

Druckgasfeder mit hubabhängig unterschiedlicher Kraft-Weg- Kennlinie und bevorzugt mit gedämpften Rücklauf.Compressed gas spring with different force-displacement depending on the stroke Characteristic curve and preferably with damped return.

Erfüllung der VorgabeFulfillment of the target

Hydropneumatische Gasfeder mit zwei unabhängigen Gasräumen (Gaskammern), einem mit Dämpfmedium gefüllten Zylinderraum und einem Druckventil, wobei bei Ausführung der Gasfeder als Zuggasfeder der Zylinderraum ringförmig ausgeführt ist. Die Federkraft steigt bei Hubbeginn von einem gewählten niedrigen Wert (F0) bis zu einem gewählten Schwellen-Hubpunkt (S1) auf den gewählten Schwellen-Wert (F1) an. Von diesem Punkt an steigt die Federkraft bei weiterem Hub nur geringfügig, bis sie bei Hubende (S2) die End-Federkraft (F2) erreicht (vgl. Fig. 3).Hydropneumatic gas spring with two independent gas chambers (gas chambers), a cylinder chamber filled with damping medium and a pressure valve. At the start of the stroke, the spring force increases from a selected low value (F 0 ) to a selected threshold lifting point (S 1 ) to the selected threshold value (F 1 ). From this point on, the spring force increases only slightly with a further stroke until it reaches the end spring force (F 2 ) at the end of the stroke (S 2 ) (cf. FIG. 3).

Beschreibungdescription

Es zeigtIt shows

Fig. 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgeführten Druckgasfeder, Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a gas spring constructed in accordance with the present invention,

Fig. 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgeführten Zuggasfeder und Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a pull gas spring designed according to the present invention and

Fig. 3 die für beide Ausführungsbeispiele geltende Kraft- Weg-Kennlinie. Fig. 3 applicable to both embodiments of force-displacement characteristic.

Druckgasfeder gemäß Fig. 1: Während des Einschiebens der mit einer Gaskammer (7) versehenen hohlen Kolbenstange (3) fließt bei Hubbeginn Dämpfmedium vom Zylinderraum (9) über die einen ersten Strömungskanal (SK1) bildende Strömungsbohrung (11) in das Innere der hohlen Kolbenstange und komprimiert mittels einem zwischen Dämpfmedium und Gas befindlichen Trennkolben (5) das auf die gewählte Anfangskraft vorgespannte Gas. Das Gas wird bis zum Erreichen einer gewählten Druckkraft bei einem bestimmten Hubpunkt komprimiert. Bei Erreichen dieses Punktes spricht das auf diesen Druck eingestellte Druckventil (12) an und das Dämpfmedium fließt über eine einen zweiten Strömungskanal (SK2) bildende zweite Strömungsbohrung (10) in eine zweite Gaskammer (8) mit geringer Gasvorspannung. Der Gasdruck in der zweiten Gaskammer ist nur von der dort entstehenden Kompression des Gases und nicht von der erzeugten Druckkraft abhängig.Pressurized gas spring according to Fig. 1: During the insertion of the provided with a gas chamber (7) the hollow piston rod (3) is flowing in of stroke damping medium from the cylinder chamber (9) via a first flow channel (SK1) forming the flow bore (11) in the interior of the hollow piston rod and compresses the gas biased to the selected initial force by means of a separating piston ( 5 ) located between the damping medium and the gas. The gas is compressed at a certain lifting point until a selected pressure force is reached. When this point is reached, the pressure valve ( 12 ) adjusted to this pressure responds and the damping medium flows through a second flow bore ( 10 ) forming a second flow channel (SK 2 ) into a second gas chamber ( 8 ) with a low gas prestress. The gas pressure in the second gas chamber is only dependent on the compression of the gas occurring there and not on the pressure force generated.

Das Ausschieben der Kolbenstange erfolgt durch das Rückströmen des Dämpfmediums in den Zylinderraum (9) infolge der Expansion des Gases in den beiden Gaskammern.The piston rod is pushed out by the backflow of the damping medium into the cylinder chamber ( 9 ) as a result of the expansion of the gas in the two gas chambers.

Eine schlagartige oder zu schnelle Rücklaufgeschwindigkeit der Kolbenstange wird durch in den Strömungsbohrungen befindliche Drosselrückschlagventile (14) verhindert. A sudden or too fast return speed of the piston rod is prevented by throttle check valves ( 14 ) located in the flow bores.

Zuggasfeder gemäß Fig. 2: Während des Herausziehens der mit einer Gaskammer (7) versehenen hohlen Kolbenstange (3) fließt bei Hubbeginn Dämpfmedium vom Ringraum (9) über die einen ersten Strömungskanal (SK1) bildende Strömungsbohrung (11') in das Innere der hohlen Kolbenstange und komprimiert mittels einem zwischen Dämpfmedium und Gas befindlichen Trennkolben (5) das auf die gewählte Anfangskraft vorgespannte Gas. Das Gas wird bis zum Erreichen einer gewählten Zugkraft bei einem bestimmten Hubpunkt komprimiert. Bei Erreichen diese Punktes spricht das auf diesen Druck eingestellte Druckventil (12) an und das Dämpfmedium fließt über eine einen zweiten Strömungskanal (SK2) bildende Verbindungsleitung (10') in eine zweite Gaskammer (8) mit geringer Gasvorspannung. Der Gasdruck in der zweiten Gaskammer ist nur von der dort entstehenden Kompression des Gases und nicht von der erzeugten Zugkraft abhängig.Draft gas spring according to FIG. 2: While pulling out the hollow piston rod ( 3 ) provided with a gas chamber ( 7 ), damping medium flows from the annular space ( 9 ) at the start of the stroke via the flow bore ( 11 ') forming a first flow channel (SK 1 ) into the interior of the hollow piston rod and compresses the gas biased to the selected initial force by means of a separating piston ( 5 ) located between the damping medium and the gas. The gas is compressed at a certain lifting point until a selected tractive force is reached. When this point is reached, the pressure valve ( 12 ) adjusted to this pressure responds and the damping medium flows via a connecting line ( 10 ') forming a second flow channel (SK 2 ) into a second gas chamber ( 8 ) with a low gas prestress. The gas pressure in the second gas chamber is only dependent on the compression of the gas occurring there and not on the tensile force generated.

Das Einziehen der Kolbenstange erfolgt durch das Rückströmen des Dämpfmediums in den Ringraum (9) infolge der Expansion des Gases in den beiden Gaskammern.The piston rod is drawn in by the backflow of the damping medium into the annular space ( 9 ) due to the expansion of the gas in the two gas chambers.

Eine schlagartige oder zu schnelle Rücklaufgeschwindigkeit der Kolbenstange wird durch in den Strömungsbohrungen befindliche Drosselrückschlagventile (14) verhindert.A sudden or too fast return speed of the piston rod is prevented by throttle check valves ( 14 ) located in the flow bores.

Claims (11)

1. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder mit einem Zylinderraum (9), einem Druckventil (12) und zwei voneinander unabhängigen Gaskammern (7 und 8).1. Hydropneumatic gas spring with a cylinder chamber ( 9 ), a pressure valve ( 12 ) and two mutually independent gas chambers ( 7 and 8 ). 2. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine hohle Kolbenstange (3) vorgesehen ist.2. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 1, characterized in that a hollow piston rod ( 3 ) is provided. 3. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich ein Dämpfmedium im Zylinderraum befindet.3. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a damping medium in Cylinder chamber is located. 4. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zylinderraum (9) über Strömungskanäle (SK1, SK2) mit zwei voneinander unabhängigen, durch Trennkolben (5 und 6) zwischen Dämpfmedium und Gas gebildeten Gaskammern (7 und 8) verbunden ist.4. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cylinder chamber ( 9 ) via flow channels (SK 1 , SK 2 ) with two mutually independent, by separating pistons ( 5 and 6 ) between the damping medium and gas gas chambers ( 7 and 8 ) is connected. 5. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Zuggasfeder ausgebildet ist, wobei der Zylinderraum (9) ringförmig ausgeführt ist.5. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it is designed as a pull gas spring, wherein the cylinder space ( 9 ) is designed annular. 6. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringraum (9) über eine Strömungsbohrung im Kolben (4) mit dem zylindrischen Innenraum einer hohlen Kolbenstange (3) verbunden ist.6. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 5, characterized in that the annular space ( 9 ) via a flow bore in the piston ( 4 ) with the cylindrical interior of a hollow piston rod ( 3 ) is connected. 7. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Druckgasfeder ausgebildet ist, wobei der Zylinderraum (9) über eine Strömungsbohrung (14) im Kolben (4) mit dem zylindrischen Innenraum einer hohlen Kolbenstange (3) verbunden ist.7. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a compressed gas spring, the cylinder chamber ( 9 ) via a flow bore ( 14 ) in the piston ( 4 ) with the cylindrical interior of a hollow piston rod ( 3 ). 8. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zylinderraum (9) über ein Druckventil (12) und einen zweiten Strömungskanal (SK2) mit einem Raum (13) verbunden ist, der durch eine Zwischenwand (2) im Zylinderrohr (1), einem Trennkolben (6) und einer Gaskammer (8) gebildet ist.8. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cylinder space ( 9 ) via a pressure valve ( 12 ) and a second flow channel (SK 2 ) is connected to a space ( 13 ) through an intermediate wall ( 2nd ) is formed in the cylinder tube ( 1 ), a separating piston ( 6 ) and a gas chamber ( 8 ). 9. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich in den Strömungskanälen (SK1, SK2) Drosselrückschlagventile (14) befinden.9. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 4, characterized in that there are throttle check valves ( 14 ) in the flow channels (SK 1 , SK 2 ). 10. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine mit einem Kolben (4) versehene und gegen Atmosphäre fest verschlossene hohle Kolbenstange (3) in einem Zylinderrohr (1) verschiebbar ist.10. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 1, characterized in that a provided with a piston ( 4 ) and firmly closed against the atmosphere hollow piston rod ( 3 ) in a cylinder tube ( 1 ) is displaceable. 11. Hydropneumatische Gasfeder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich in der hohlen Kolbenstange eine durch einen Trennkolben (5) gebildete Gaskammer (7) befindet.11. Hydropneumatic gas spring according to claim 1, characterized in that in the hollow piston rod is a gas chamber ( 7 ) formed by a separating piston ( 5 ).
DE2000141028 2000-08-22 2000-08-22 Hydropneumatic gas spring has cylinder chamber, which is connected to two separate gas chambers via flow channels Withdrawn DE10041028A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000141028 DE10041028A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2000-08-22 Hydropneumatic gas spring has cylinder chamber, which is connected to two separate gas chambers via flow channels
DE10140553A DE10140553B4 (en) 2000-08-22 2001-08-17 Hydropneumatic gas spring

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000141028 DE10041028A1 (en) 2000-08-22 2000-08-22 Hydropneumatic gas spring has cylinder chamber, which is connected to two separate gas chambers via flow channels

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DE10041028A1 true DE10041028A1 (en) 2002-03-14

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DE10140553A Expired - Fee Related DE10140553B4 (en) 2000-08-22 2001-08-17 Hydropneumatic gas spring

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2818751A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Hydac System GmbH Hydropneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement
US20150233442A1 (en) * 2012-10-09 2015-08-20 Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. Suspension device
GB2554457A (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-04 Horstman Defence Systems Ltd A suspension unit
CN110397693A (en) * 2019-07-10 2019-11-01 北京磊焱氮气弹簧技术研究所 One kind filling constant force controlling type Oil-gas Separation gas spring power device again

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10251213B4 (en) * 2002-08-28 2008-09-11 Denk, Peter, Dipl.-Ing. shock absorber
EP1616771B1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-03-19 Schwab Verkehrstechnik AG Buffer for railway vehicles
ES2326943B1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2010-07-21 Manuel Carcare Gimeno OLEOHIDRAULIC SUSPENSION CYLINDER.
DE102011051710B3 (en) * 2011-07-08 2012-08-16 Stabilus Gmbh Tension spring for locking doors or flaps of furniture, has cylinder which is divided in gas chamber and hydraulic chamber by piston, where gas chamber is filled with gas stands under pressure
RU204317U1 (en) * 2021-03-22 2021-05-19 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Single tube hydropneumatic shock absorber

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1960572A1 (en) * 1969-12-03 1971-06-09 Fritz Bauer Gas spring with a spring constant determined by the ratio of two diameters
DE2150406A1 (en) * 1970-09-02 1973-04-12 John Henry Thomas OIL-PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A PLANE
DE2511289A1 (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-09-18 Peugeot OIL-PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION ELEMENT
DE3133839C2 (en) * 1981-04-24 1989-09-07 Avm Corp., 14701 Jamestown, N.Y., Us
DE3820545A1 (en) * 1988-06-16 1989-12-21 Guenter Otto Technological spring
DE3935107A1 (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-04-25 Hemscheidt Maschf Hermann Hydropneumatic piston-cylinder unit - has cylinder with inner pipe, piston rod, separating piston, chamber pipe and control
DE4127917A1 (en) * 1991-08-23 1993-02-25 Stabilus Gmbh Gas spring suspension unit e.g. for seats - allows adjustment by switching over valve without changing length setting
DE19512486A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Gerlach Rainer System for calibrating influence of temperature on pneumatic spring
DE19818116C1 (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-07-22 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Self pumping hydropneumatic vehicle gas strut with level adjustment

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9108442U1 (en) * 1991-06-14 1991-12-05 Grobe, Herbert, 4690 Herne Gas spring

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1960572A1 (en) * 1969-12-03 1971-06-09 Fritz Bauer Gas spring with a spring constant determined by the ratio of two diameters
DE2150406A1 (en) * 1970-09-02 1973-04-12 John Henry Thomas OIL-PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A PLANE
DE2511289A1 (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-09-18 Peugeot OIL-PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION ELEMENT
DE3133839C2 (en) * 1981-04-24 1989-09-07 Avm Corp., 14701 Jamestown, N.Y., Us
DE3820545A1 (en) * 1988-06-16 1989-12-21 Guenter Otto Technological spring
DE3935107A1 (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-04-25 Hemscheidt Maschf Hermann Hydropneumatic piston-cylinder unit - has cylinder with inner pipe, piston rod, separating piston, chamber pipe and control
DE4127917A1 (en) * 1991-08-23 1993-02-25 Stabilus Gmbh Gas spring suspension unit e.g. for seats - allows adjustment by switching over valve without changing length setting
DE19512486A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Gerlach Rainer System for calibrating influence of temperature on pneumatic spring
DE19818116C1 (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-07-22 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Self pumping hydropneumatic vehicle gas strut with level adjustment

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150233442A1 (en) * 2012-10-09 2015-08-20 Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. Suspension device
US9765842B2 (en) * 2012-10-09 2017-09-19 Kyb Corporation Suspension device
EP2818751A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Hydac System GmbH Hydropneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement
DE102013010834A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Hydac System Gmbh Hydropneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement
GB2554457A (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-04 Horstman Defence Systems Ltd A suspension unit
GB2554457B (en) * 2016-09-29 2021-12-15 Horstman Defence Systems Ltd A suspension unit
CN110397693A (en) * 2019-07-10 2019-11-01 北京磊焱氮气弹簧技术研究所 One kind filling constant force controlling type Oil-gas Separation gas spring power device again

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10140553B4 (en) 2007-11-29
DE10140553A1 (en) 2002-04-04

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8143 Withdrawn due to claiming internal priority