DE3820545A1 - Technological spring - Google Patents

Abstract

The technological spring operates with liquid and with gas pressure. Arranged in an outer cylinder (1) with a rigid cylinder casing and closed ends is at least one inner cylinder (38) which is at least partially as long as the outer cylinder (1) and is held coaxially in the outer cylinder by means of flanges (9, 10). Also provided in the inner cylinder is a coaxially guided piston rod (37) with a piston (58), this piston rod being passed to the outside in a leak-tight penetration (6). Arranged coaxially between the inner cylinder (38) and the outer cylinder (1) there is furthermore a flexible hose (11). There is thus a first liquid space (22) between the piston rod (7) and the inner cylinder (38) and a second liquid space (23) between the inner cylinder (38) and the flexible hose but a gas-pressure space (21) between the flexible hose and the outer cylinder. Provided between the first and the second liquid space is a nozzle orifice (24) which allows an exchange of liquid between the first and the second liquid space (22, 23) when the piston rod and piston move. During this process, the flexible hose (11) expands to a greater or lesser extent in the gas-pressure space (21) counter to the gas pressure. When the piston (58) plunges into a seat (59a), a seal (58a) situated in the piston, on the one hand, and a sealing cone (60), on the other hand, provide a tight seal (Fig. 5). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a technical spring with Liquid and gas pressure works and as pressure or Tension spring can be used.

Technical springs are in different Embodiments known. You will be on the different used in the most technical fields, for example for opening and closing doors and the like.

Known technical springs often have the disadvantage a complicated structure, in particular they need usually a long length and a large construction volume, if they should be able to absorb large forces.

The object of the invention is therefore a technical To create feather, which is a relatively simple Structure, optionally by making minor changes can be used as a compression spring or as a tension spring and which also for coping with relatively large forces gets by with an extremely small size.

A technical spring is available to solve this problem according to the invention an outer cylinder with a rigid Cylinder jacket, the end faces of each over end pieces are sealed gastight, a (first) inner cylinder, the at least part of the length of the outer cylinder owns and via flanges coaxially in the outer cylinder is held, further a coaxial in the inner cylinder guided piston rod, with one end in one tight implementation of a first end piece of the outside cylinder is guided outwards and at the other end carries at least one piston, further a first elastic hose that is coaxial between the outer zy linder and the inner cylinder arranged and with the Inner cylinder is tightly connected at its ends, such  that between the piston rod and the inner cylinder first liquid space, between the inner cylinder and the hose a second liquid space and between the hose and the outer cylinder are filled with compressed gas Gas space are formed, being on the piston rod side End of the inner cylinder, a nozzle-shaped passage between between the first and the second liquid space is seen.

The technical spring according to the invention therefore works with Liquid and with gas pressure, these media by an elastic hose permanently separated from each other are. The piston rod movable in the inner cylinder pumps the liquid medium between the first and the second liquid space back and forth, whereby the elastic hose is more or less towards expands the gas space. Through the nozzle opening between the The first and the second liquid space become this Regulated pressure equalization. In addition, by the gestal tion of the piston a more or less large brake function set when the piston rod moves will.

Special designs of the technical spring, for example for use as a compression spring or as a tension spring and special modifications for different possibilities the setting of characteristic values are in the subclaims given.

The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

It shows

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a tension spring,

Fig. 2 is a comparison with FIG. 1 modified construction of a tension spring,

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a technical tension spring,

Fig. 4 shows a comparison with FIG. 3 modified execution form a technical spring for achieving a compression spring,

Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a technical compression spring.

The technical spring shown in Fig. 1 has an outer cylinder 1 , which is closed at both ends with one end piece, namely an upper end piece 2 and a lower end piece 3 , each with a seal 2 a and 3 a ensures the gas-tight closure . The space inside the outer cylinder 1 can be filled with filling gas 4 and a check valve 5 from the bottom with compressed gas. The technical spring can be attached via a screw 3 b at the lower end piece 3 .

In the upper end piece 2 , an axial bushing 6 with seals 6 a is provided in order to guide a piston rod 7 axially movably to the outer cylinder 1 in the axial direction. This piston rod 7 has in this embodiment approximately two sections with different diameters, namely a first section 7 a with a small diameter and a second section 7 b with a larger diameter. Each of these two sections of the piston rod takes up approximately half the length of the outer cylinder, if one disregards guides, locking pieces and the like.

The (rod-side) thinner section 7 a of the piston rod is surrounded by a first inner cylinder 8 , the flange in the outer cylinder coaxially through an upper end 9 with a seal 9 a and on its underside approximately in the middle of the outer cylinder 1 by a center flange 10 is held. Coaxial with the inner cylinder 8 , a flexible hose 11 is also provided, which also sits on the upper end flange 9 and the middle flange 10 and is each fastened by pipe brackets or pipe clamps 12 .

The second section 7 b of the piston rod is enlarged in cross section compared to the first section 7 a ; it is guided in the central flange 10 and extends downward (rod when the piston is retracted) in the lower half of the outer cylinder 1st Coaxially, the portion 7b of the piston rod of a second inner cylinder 13 is enclosed, the upper at its end with the intermediate flange 10 through Rohrverbin extension pieces 10 a or 10 is connected b, wherein entspre sponding seals 10 c a tight guidance of the piston rod portion 7 b guarantee. At the lower end, the inner cylinder 13 is held coaxially in the outer cylinder 1 via a lower end flange 14 and a spacer 15 .

The second inner cylinder 13 is coaxially surrounded by a two-th elastic hose 16 which is tightly connected via pipe clamps 12 to the central flange 10 and the lower end flange 14 .

The elastic hose 16 is also coaxially enclosed by an intermediate cylinder 17 , which is also tight with the central flange 10 or the pipe connection piece 10 a and 10 b , optionally via seals 10 d and in a corresponding manner with the rear end flange 14 via a sealing element 14 b is connected.

The piston rod has at its free end within the second inner cylinder 13 a brake piston 18 with a seal 18 a . As a result, the piston rod is guided within half of the second inner cylinder 13 . In addition, the piston rod at the transition from the thinner section 7 a to the thicker section 7 b has a sealing piston 19 which is held by a retaining ring 20 . This sealing piston 19 is pressed into the central flange 10 when the piston rod is pushed in, whereby an additional spring force is achieved at the end of the stroke. This makes it possible, for example, to close flaps and doors in a force-locking manner.

Due to the described construction of the various parts of the technical spring, a gas space 21 is created within the outer cylinder 1 , which is delimited inward in the upper part by the first hose 11 and in the lower part by the second hose 16 . Due to the openings 10 e in the central flange 10 and the openings 15 a in the spacer 15 , the uniform gas space can be filled with compressed gas from the underside. Between the upper piston rod section 7 a and the inner cylinder 8 , a first liquid chamber 22 and between the inner cylinder 8 and the elastic hose 11, a second liquid chamber 23 is defined, a connection between the two liquid chambers being established by a nozzle 24 in the region of the upper end flange 9 becomes. In addition, a third liquid space defined by the piston 18 and between the second inner cylinder 13 and the second elastic hose 16 forms a fourth liquid space within the second inner cylinder 13 . A throttle 27 with nozzle openings 28 and a valve plate 29 provides a connection between the liquid spaces 25 and 26 , which also allows the flow through the liquid to be set and thus the speed of the piston rod movement can be set under tension or pressure.

Upon actuation of the tension spring shown in FIG. 1, first the lower piston rod portion 7 acts as the actual b piston rod at the withdrawal of the piston 7 from entering into the upper fluid chamber 22 and displaces the liquid there. This displaced liquid speed is pressed via the nozzle opening 24 into the second liquid space 23 , where it deforms the hose 11 ; this hose 11 must expand against the gas pressure in the gas space 21 and thereby generates the spring force. The piston rod diameters connected in series represent an increase in the pressure area for the identification and the force of the tension spring.

The forward and return speed of the piston rod is regulated by the brake piston 18 at the lower end of the thicker piston rod section 7 b . Through the valve plate 29 , a faster flow of the liquid is achieved with upward movement of the piston rod. When the piston rod moves downward, a supportive effect for the braking stage occurs through the nozzle 28 . As mentioned above, the design of this nozzle 28 and the valve plate 29 allows the extension speed when the train is on the one hand and when it is under pressure on the other.

Due to the further liquid space 26 between the lower inner cylinder 13 and the second elastic hose 16 , a compensation in the direction of pressure and tension is achieved. The elastic hose 16 is sealed to the outside of the gas pressure chamber 21 by the rigid intermediate cylinder 17 . Thus, the gas pressure in the gas space 21 does not act against the hose 16 ; the hose maintains the liquid column in space 26 with its own prestress. When the piston is pulled out, the liquid is pressed out of the space 26 into the space 25 to compensate.

The sealing piston 19 is essentially at the end of the stroke, ie in the position of the piston rod shown in Fig. 1 7 effective. Since the sealing piston 19 is pressed non-positively into the interior of the central flange 10 , a force-fitting closing of doors or flaps can thus be effected at the end of a lifting movement.

The nozzle 24 between the first and the second liquid space 22 or 23 can be provided in the direction of pressure or in the direction of braking. In this arrangement, the prestressed elastic hose 11 presses the liquid through the nozzle 24 into the first liquid space 22 . If the piston rod of the tension spring moves back in the opposite direction, the piston 18 is braked via the valve 27 and ensures the desired return speed.

In Fig. 2 a modified, simplified embodiment form of the tension spring of Fig. 1 is shown. Insofar as the same parts are used there as in FIG. 1, they have the same reference symbols, and in this respect reference can also be made to the description of FIG. 1. This also applies if such parts differ somewhat in their special shape and size compared to FIG. 1.

The Fig. 2, therefore, has the same outer cylinder 1 and also in the upper part of the same construction as the spring of Fig. 1, that an inner cylinder 8, an elastic tube 11 and a piston rod with a thin From section 7 a and a thicker portion 7 b , although the absolute dimensions of these piston rod sections are somewhat larger in the representation of FIG. 2. Under different from Fig. 1, the design is in the lower part of the illustration. The inner cylinder 13 is also missing there, as is the elastic hose 16 . Instead, there is only an inner cylinder 33 , which corresponds to the diameter of the intermediate cylinder 17 of FIG. 1.

In this wide inner cylinder 33 , a piston 38 is guided with a seal 38 a , a relatively large annular space 30 being formed between the piston rod section 7 b and the inner cylinder 33 . This annular space 30 is partially filled with liquid which can pass through a nozzle arrangement 39 of the piston when the piston 38 is actuated. The piston is fastened to the piston rod 7 with a locking ring 40 . Since in the bottom piece 34 of the inner cylinder 33 no additional brake valve is provided as in the arrangement of FIG. 1, the tension spring achieves a very high speed when the piston rod springs back, with the plunging of the piston 38 with its nozzles 39 and its Seal 38 a in the liquid, a subsequent braking solution of the tension spring takes place. This means that an optimal closing pressure is achieved when closing doors and flaps.

Another modification of the tension spring is shown in Fig. 3 ge. Again, those parts that are identical or functionally the same as the tension spring of FIG. 1 are identified by the same reference numerals and are no longer described again. In comparison with FIG. 1, an inner cylinder 38 is seen in this embodiment, which extends essentially over the entire length of the outer cylinder 1 , that is to say from the upper flange 9 to a lower flange 44 . In this inner cylinder, a piston rod 37 is guided with a constant cross section, which carries a piston 48 with seals 48 a at its inner end. The piston 48 is thus guided tightly in the inner cylinder 38 . This inner cylinder 38 itself is fastened with seals 38 a on the upper flange 9 , on the central flange 10 and on the lower flange 44 . As in Fig. 1 9 nozzles 24 are attached here in the upper flange, which allow an optional braking of the forward speed. In the upper part of the spring, as in FIG. 1, a first elastic hose 11 is attached, while in a similar way as in FIG. 1, a second elastic hose 16 is also arranged in the lower part between the inner cylinder 38 and an intermediate cylinder 17 . In the space below the piston 48 , a bottom piece 47 is seen with a nozzle arrangement 47 a , which allows the liquid to escape from the piston space 25 into the space 26 between the inner cylinder 38 and the second hose 16 when the piston is retracted. The speed can be adjusted by dimensioning the nozzles 47 a and 49 .

The function of the tension spring of Fig. 3 is similar to that of Fig. 1. When pulling out the piston rod 37 with the piston 48 , the liquid from the first liquid space 22 is displaced by the nozzles 24 into the second liquid space 23 , whereby the first elastic tube 11 expands outwards and thereby occupies the ge dashed shape 11 '. At the same time, the second hose 16, initially biased to the outside, is drawn inwards from its position 16 'shown in broken lines, the liquid being sucked out of the space 26 through the nozzles 49 and 47 a into the space 25 . The space between the hose 16 and the intermediate cylinder 17 is again depressurized. The liquid movement is thus determined solely by the hardness or elasticity of the hose 16 , so that the gas pressure in the outer space 21 does not influence the characteristic curve in this area.

However, it would be conceivable to apply gas pressure to the space between the second hose 16 and the intermediate cylinder 17 , as a result of which the tension spring characteristic would be negatively influenced.

Through the construction according to Fig. 3 a very short construction of the technical spring is possible, without having to be dispensed in a controlled piston rod movement. The piston rod has a large stroke length due to the continuous inner cylinder 38 .

The technical spring according to FIG. 4 has a similar construction to FIG. 3, but the tension spring function has been reversed into a compression spring function by slight changes. In Fig. 4, the essential parts are constructed in the same way as in Fig. 3, so that, if necessary, the same reference numerals are used. A difference arises only in that the intermediate cylinder 17 is provided with a radial bore 17 a, whereby the gas pressure in the gas space 21 as acts in the same way on the elastic tube 11 to the elastic hose sixteenth This gives the spring the characteristics of a compression spring. The nozzle 24 , which is provided in FIG. 1, and the valve arrangement 47 a in the base piece 47 serve as speed control for the forward and return movement.

If the piston rod 37 is extended with its piston 48 in the pressure direction, the elastic hose 11 moves through the displaced liquid column to the outside and occupies the position 11 '. The elastic hose 16, on the other hand, moves inwards, so it leaves the ge dashed position 16 '. This maintains a linear characteristic line of the spring. The oil volumes on both sides of the piston rod must be designed according to the piston surface facing away from the piston rod in order to ensure a perfect stroke movement in the axial direction.

The size of the force is not dependent on the spring Piston rod surface, but determined by the piston surface. Thus, this construction allows coping relatively great forces with a technical spring that is extreme small dimensions required.

A further modified embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. The piston rod is decisive for the identification of the technical compression spring. The piston 48 only functions as a brake piston.

Overall, the spring according to FIG. 5 is constructed in exactly the same way as that according to FIG. 4, so that a detailed description of the individual parts is not necessary in this respect. The only difference is the design of the piston and a corresponding design of the upper flange.

In addition to the piston 48 , the piston rod carries an additional piston 58 on the rod side with a seal 58 a ; with a retaining ring 58 b , this additional piston 58 is secured on the piston rod. Corresponding to the nozzle is in the upper flange 59 with half 24 are provided a constriction 59 a, in which the piston 58 with its fuse 58 b and its like tung 58 a dipping. In this way, there is a conical seat which, in the upper end position of the piston rod 37, seals the nozzle 24 and a non-positively fixed holding position. If you want to release the fixed position again, you have to apply a correspondingly large force. In this way, accidental closing of doors and flaps, for example due to wind, can be prevented. The force changes from the piston rod surface of the rod 37 to the surface of the piston 58 . After applying a certain initial force and overcoming a certain stroke, the tightness with the seal 58 a is canceled again and the surface of the piston rod 37 is again decisive for the lifting force to be applied.

This construction can also be applied when the technical spring is only filled with a medium pressure.

The fuse 58 b is effected as follows: When the piston 58 is immersed in the chamber (seat) formed by the constriction 59 a , the seal 58 a seals on the one hand and a sealing cone 60 at the end of the piston rod 37 seals, which increases the holding force causes. Instead of the density cone, an O-ring can also be used, for example.

Claims (12)

1. Technical spring with
an outer cylinder ( 1 ) with a rigid cylinder jacket, the end faces of which are sealed gas-tight via end pieces ( 2 , 3 ),
a (first) inner cylinder (8; 38) having at least part of the length of the outer cylinder (1) and of flanges (9, 10, 15; 44) is held coaxially in the outer cylinder (1),
furthermore with a piston rod ( 7 ; 37 ) which is guided coaxially in the inner cylinder and which has one end in a sealed passage ( 6 ) of a first end piece ( 2 ) of the outer cylinder ( 1 ) and at the other end at least one piston ( 18 ; 38 ; 48 ; 58 )
with a (first) elastic hose ( 11 ) which is arranged coaxially between the outer cylinder ( 1 ) and the inner cylinder ( 8 ) and is tightly connected to the inner cylinder ( 8 ) at its ends, such that between the piston rod's ( 7 ; 37 ) and the inner cylinder ( 8 ; 38 ) a first liquid space ( 22 ), between the inner cylinder ( 8 ; 38 ) and the hose ( 11 ) a second liquid space ( 23 ) and between the hose ( 11 ) and the outer cylinder ( 1 ) a gas space filled with compressed gas ( 21 ) is formed, a nozzle-shaped passage ( 24 ) being provided between the first ( 22 ) and the second ( 23 ) liquid space at the piston-side end of the inner cylinder ( 8 ; 38 ). 2. Technical spring according to claim 1, characterized in that
that the piston rod ( 7 ) has a leading section adjacent to the first section ( 7 a ) with a smaller cross section and a second section adjacent to the piston end ( 7 b ) with a larger cross section,
that the (first) inner cylinder ( 8 ) and the (first) hose ( 11 ) surround the first section ( 7 a ) of the piston rod in the retracted state,
that in the extension of the first inner cylinder ( 8 ) a second inner cylinder ( 13 ) is arranged inside the outer cylinder ( 1 ) with sealed ends, which surrounds the second section ( 7 b ) of the piston rod ( 7 ) in its retracted state,
that between the first and the second inner cylinder ( 8 ; 13 ) an intermediate flange ( 10 ) is arranged, in which the second section ( 7 b ) of the piston rod ( 7 ) is tightly guided. 3. Technical spring according to claim 2, characterized in that the first section ( 7 a ) of the piston rod and the first inner cylinder ( 8 ) on the one hand and the second section ( 7 b ) of the piston rod and the second inner cylinder ( 13 ) on the other hand take about the same length of the outer cylinder ( 1 ). 4. Technical spring according to claim 3, characterized in that the piston ( 18 ) as a brake piston at the inner end of the second section ( 7 b ) of the piston rod ( 7 ) is arranged and in the second inner cylinder ( 13 ) is tightly guided, such that a third liquid space ( 25 ) is formed in the second inner cylinder. 5. Technical spring according to claim 4, characterized in that the second inner cylinder ( 13 ) is coaxially surrounded by a second elastic hose ( 16 ) and the water is in turn coaxially surrounded by a rigid intermediate cylinder ( 17 ), such that between the second inner cylinder ( 13 ) and the second hose ( 17 ), a fourth liquid space ( 26 ) is formed, wherein between the third ( 25 ) and the fourth ( 26 ) liquid space, a nozzle connection ( 28 ) with a small cross-section is formed. 6. Technical spring according to claim 5, characterized in that the nozzle connection ( 28 ) has a piston ( 18 ) opposite valve plate ( 29 ). 7. Technical spring according to claim 1, characterized in that
that the inner cylinder ( 38 ) and the piston rod ( 37 ) extend approximately over the full length of the outer cylinder ( 1 ),
that the first hose ( 11 ) surrounds only a portion of the inner cylinder ( 38 ) between a first end flange ( 9 ) and a central flange ( 10 ),
that a second elastic hose ( 16 ) in extension of the first hose ( 11 ) surrounds a further portion of the inner cylinder ( 38 ) between the central flange ( 10 ) and the second end flange ( 44 ) and
that a rigid intermediate cylinder ( 17 ) surrounds the second hose ( 16 ) coaxially tight, such that in the inner cylinder between the free end of the piston and the second end flange ( 44 ) a third liquid keitsraum and between the inner cylinder ( 38 ) and the second Hose ( 16 ) a fourth liquid space are formed, with a nozzle connection ( 47 a , 49 ) between the third and the fourth liquid space. 8. Technical spring according to claim 7, characterized in that between the second hose ( 16 ) and the intermediate cylinder ( 17 ) a pressure-free expansion space is formed. 9. Technical spring according to claim 7, characterized in that in the intermediate cylinder ( 17 ) connecting the gas pressure chamber ( 21 ) with the expansion space between the hose ( 16 ) and the intermediate cylinder ( 17 ) de opening ( 17 a ) is provided. 10. Technical spring according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in
that at the inner end of the piston rod ( 37 ) on the inner cylinder ( 38 ) adjacent brake piston ( 48 ) is arranged and
that a sealing piston ( 58 ) is subsequently arranged on the brake piston ( 48 ) on the piston rod, which, when the piston rod ( 37 ) is pulled out, into a correspondingly designed seat ( 59 a ) at the rod-side end of the end flange ( 59 ) closing the inner cylinder ( 38 ) immersed. 11. Technical spring according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the piston rod ( 37 ) in the direction of the piston ( 58 ) with a sealing cone ( 60 ) or a seal, in particular an O-ring, is permitted ( Fig. 5). 12. Technical spring according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that when the piston ( 58 ) and the sealing cone ( 60 ) are immersed in the seat ( 59 a ) a significantly increased holding force can be achieved when the piston rod is extended ( 37 ) ( Fig. 5).