DE10024695A1 - Method for joining two workpieces, in particular, metal and plastic parts of a vehicle body by gluing involves filling of the intervening variable gap with a bead consisting of a two-component adhesive - Google Patents
Method for joining two workpieces, in particular, metal and plastic parts of a vehicle body by gluing involves filling of the intervening variable gap with a bead consisting of a two-component adhesiveInfo
- Publication number
- DE10024695A1 DE10024695A1 DE2000124695 DE10024695A DE10024695A1 DE 10024695 A1 DE10024695 A1 DE 10024695A1 DE 2000124695 DE2000124695 DE 2000124695 DE 10024695 A DE10024695 A DE 10024695A DE 10024695 A1 DE10024695 A1 DE 10024695A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- workpieces
- gap
- height
- gluing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
- B29C65/524—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive by applying the adhesive from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface of the part to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
- B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
- B62D27/026—Connections by glue bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
- B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
- B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/10—Presence of inorganic materials
- C09J2400/16—Metal
- C09J2400/163—Metal in the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
- C09J2400/22—Presence of unspecified polymer
- C09J2400/226—Presence of unspecified polymer in the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2475/00—Presence of polyurethane
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verkleben zweier Werkstücke, insbesondere zum Ver kleben eines metallischen Karosserieteils mit einem Anbauteil aus Kunststoff, sowie eine Vor richtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for gluing two workpieces, in particular for Ver glue a metallic body part with an add-on part made of plastic, as well as a front direction for performing this procedure.
Im Fahrzeugrohbau und in der Fahrzeugmontage ist es allgemein bekannt, Klebstoffe zum Ver binden von Bauteilen einzusetzen. Klebeverbindungen bieten insbesondere dann große Vorteile, wenn die zu fügenden Bauteile aus Werkstoffen bestehen, die mit Hilfe anderer Fügetechniken, z. B. Schweißen oder Schrauben, nicht oder nur mit sehr hohem Aufwand gefügt werden kön nen. Mit Hilfe von Klebeverbindungen können Verbundteile hergestellt werden, die sich durch eine hohe Festigkeit und Steifigkeit auszeichnen. Beispiele solcher geklebter Verbundteile sind z. B. in der DE 35 44 124 C2, der DE 196 18 255 A1 und der DE 197 48 786 A1 beschrieben.In vehicle body-in-white and in vehicle assembly, it is generally known to use adhesives for ver bind components. Adhesive connections offer great advantages, if the components to be joined are made of materials that are manufactured using other joining techniques, e.g. B. welding or screwing, can not or only be added with very great effort nen. With the help of adhesive connections, composite parts can be produced that stand out are characterized by high strength and rigidity. Examples of such glued composite parts are e.g. B. described in DE 35 44 124 C2, DE 196 18 255 A1 and DE 197 48 786 A1.
Damit beim Kleben zweier Bauteile eine feste, dichte Verbindung gewährleistet ist, darf der durch den Klebstoff zu überbrückende Spalt im Verbindungsbereich zwischen den Bauteilen ein gewisses Maximalmaß nicht überschreiten; der Spalt muß insbesondere im gesamten Verbin dungsbereich geringer sein als die Dicke der Klebstoffraupe. Weisen die zu fügenden Bauteile im Verbindungsbereich - z. B. aufgrund von Fertigungsungenauigkeiten - starke Klaffungen auf, so müssen die Bauteile während des Klebens mit Hilfe von Spannmitteln so gespannt werden, daß die Klaffungen so weit wie möglich reduziert werden. Hierbei kann es allerdings geschehen, daß die Dimensionen des geklebten Verbundteils in ungewünschter Weise geändert werden. Weiterhin entstehen dabei Spannungen, die die Festigkeit des geklebten Verbundteils herabset zen können. Um diese Schwierigkeiten zu vermeiden, ist es oft wünschenswert, die klaffenden Bauteile ohne Kraftaufwendung miteinander zu verkleben, wobei die Klebeverbindung an allen Stellen des Verbindungsbereichs den gesamten Spalt dichtend überbrücken und so ein Eindrin gen von Feuchtigkeit etc. in den Hohlraum zwischen den zu verbindenden Bauteile verhindern muß. To ensure a tight, tight connection when gluing two components, the gap to be bridged by the adhesive in the connection area between the components do not exceed a certain maximum; the gap must be in particular in the entire connection area should be less than the thickness of the adhesive bead. Assign the components to be joined in the connection area - e.g. B. due to manufacturing inaccuracies - large gaps, the components have to be clamped with the help of clamping devices that the gaps are reduced as much as possible. However, this can happen that the dimensions of the glued composite part are undesirably changed. This also creates stresses that reduce the strength of the bonded composite part zen can. To avoid these difficulties, it is often desirable to have the gaping Glue components together without using force, the adhesive connection on all Place the connection area to seal the entire gap and thus penetrate prevent moisture etc. into the cavity between the components to be connected got to.
Eine Klebeverbindung, die ein Überbrücken eines Spalts zwischen den Bauteilen ermöglicht, ist aus der gattungsbildenden DE 28 54 766 bekannt: Hierbei werden beidseitig neben der Kleb stoffraupe Streifen aus einem plastisch verformbaren Dichtmittel aufgetragen, die die Kleb stoffraupe seitlich begrenzen, einen durchgängigen Klebstoffsteg zwischen den beiden Bauteilen sicherstellen und ein Ausfließen des Klebstoffs verhindern. Ein solcher aus mehreren Bestand teilen aufgebaute Klebebereich ist jedoch sehr aufwendig und teuer herzustellen und nur be dingt für die Serienfertigung geeignet. Weiterhin führt er bei gekrümmten Klebebahnen, insbe sondere in Eckbereichen, zu Schwierigkeiten, da hier im Innen- und Außenbereich der Krüm mung unterschiedliche Dichtmittelmengen benötigt werden, die wohldosiert aufgetragen wer den müssen.An adhesive connection that enables a gap to be bridged between the components known from the generic DE 28 54 766: Here, on both sides next to the adhesive caterpillar strips applied from a plastically deformable sealant, which the adhesive Limit the bead of fabric on the side, a continuous adhesive web between the two components ensure and prevent the adhesive from flowing out. One of several stocks share built adhesive area is very complex and expensive to manufacture and only be absolutely suitable for series production. He also leads to curved adhesive sheets, especially especially in corners, to difficulties, since here the inside and outside of the crumb different amounts of sealant are required, which are applied in a carefully metered manner have to.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein kostengünstiges und großserienfähiges Verfahren vorzuschlagen, mit Hilfe dessen Bauteile, die im Verbindungsbereich toleranzbedingt große Spalte aufweisen, dichtend verbunden werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object of an inexpensive and capable of mass production Propose a method with the help of its components, which are due to tolerance in the connection area have large gaps that can be sealed.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 5 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 5.
Danach wird zum Verkleben der Bauteile eine Klebstoffraupe aus einem Zweikomponenten- Klebstoff verwendet, deren Querschnittsprofil so gestaltet ist, daß die Klebstoffraupe den tole ranzbedingten Spalt der beiden Bauteile im gesamten Fügebereich überbrückt. Der Zweikom ponenten-Klebstoff hat - im Vergleich zu einem Einkomponenten-Klebstoff - den Vorteil einer höheren Viskosität und einer schnelleren Aushärtung, so daß auch für große Spalte die benötig ten Querschnittsprofile reproduzierbar und prozeßsicher aufgebracht werden können. Eine auf eines der Bauteile aufgetragene Klebstoffraupe behält daher ihr ursprüngliches Querschnitts profil während des Aushärtungsprozesses fast unverändert bei, fließt also nur wenig aufgrund ihres Eigengewichts. Wird auf die frisch aufgetragene Klebstoffraupe das zweite Bauteil aufge setzt, so wird durch die Klebstoffraupe im gesamten Fügebereich - unabhängig von der lokalen Höhe des Spalts - eine dichtende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Bauteilen dar. Aufgrund der schnellen Aushärtegeschwindigkeit des Klebstoffs bleibt diese dichte Verbindung auch während und nach dem Aushärten des Klebstoffs erhalten.Then an adhesive bead made of a two-component Adhesive used, the cross-sectional profile is designed so that the adhesive bead the tole bridged gap between the two components in the entire joining area. The two-com Compared to a one-component adhesive, component adhesive has the advantage of one higher viscosity and faster curing, so that even for large gaps the required ten cross-sectional profiles can be applied reproducibly and reliably. One on one of the components applied adhesive bead therefore retains its original cross-section profile remains almost unchanged during the curing process, so flows little due to their own weight. The second component is applied to the freshly applied bead of adhesive through the adhesive bead in the entire joining area - regardless of the local area Height of the gap - a sealing connection between the two components. Due to the This tight connection remains even during the fast curing speed of the adhesive and obtained after the adhesive has cured.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gestattet somit eine dichtende Verklebung eines weiten Spek trums von Bauteilen, die - z. B. bedingt durch hohe Bauteiltoleranzen - im Fügebereich große Spalte aufweisen. Die Bauteile brauchen dabei nicht in eine bestimmte Lage gezwungen wer den, sondern können in einem spannungsfreien Zustand miteinander gefügt werden. Das Ver fahren eignet sich somit insbesondere zur Verklebung metallischer Bauteile mit großen, dünn wandigen Werkstücken aus Verbundwerkstoff bzw. Kunststoffteilen, welche oft verfahrensbe dingt große Toleranzen aufweisen. Die Klebstoffraupe kann schnell und reproduzierbar z. B. mit tels eines robotergeführten Klebewerkzeugs aufgetragen werden, wobei auch komplizierte Kle bebahnen prozeßsicher realisiert werden können. Die kurze Aushärtezeit des Klebers gestattet eine schnelle Weiterverwendung der geklebten Teile und erleichtert somit eine Großserienan wendung des Verfahrens.The method according to the invention thus allows a wide spectrum to be sealed strums of components that - z. B. due to high component tolerances - large in the joining area Have column. The components do not need to be forced into a specific position but can be joined together in a stress-free state. The Ver driving is therefore particularly suitable for bonding metallic components with large, thin walled workpieces made of composite material or plastic parts, which are often procedural must have large tolerances. The adhesive bead can quickly and reproducibly z. B. with be applied by a robot-guided adhesive tool, with complicated adhesive lanes can be realized reliably. The short curing time of the adhesive allows rapid reuse of the glued parts and thus facilitates large series production application of the procedure.
Um eine Überbrückung des Spalts zwischen den beiden Werkstücken im gesamten Verbin dungsbereich sicherzustellen, muß die Höhe der Klebstoffraupe mindestens so groß sein wie der maximal auftretende Spalt. Andererseits sollte die Querschnittsfläche der Kleberaupe mög lichst gering sein, um Bauteilverschmutzungen durch austretenden überschüssigen Kleber zu vermeiden, und um den Klebstoffverbrauch (und somit die Klebstoffkosten) zu minimieren. Die se beiden Anforderungen an das Querschnittsprofil der Klebstoffraupe können vorteilhaft durch ein Dreiecksprofil erfüllt werden, dessen Höhe größer als das maximale Spaltmaß gewählt ist. Der Fuß des Dreiecksprofils sollte dabei möglichst schmal sein, um die aufgetragene Klebstoff menge zu minimieren, wobei gleichzeitig - in Abhängigkeit des verwendeten Klebstoffs - ein bestimmter Böschungswinkel des Dreiecksprofils nicht unterschritten werden darf, da sonst ein merkliches Zusammensacken der Klebstoffraupe unter ihrem Eigengewicht auftritt (siehe An sprüche 2 und 3).To bridge the gap between the two workpieces in the entire joint To ensure the area of application, the height of the adhesive bead must be at least as large as the maximum gap that occurs. On the other hand, the cross-sectional area of the adhesive bead should be possible be as low as possible to prevent component contamination from excess adhesive avoid, and to minimize the adhesive consumption (and thus the adhesive costs). The These two requirements for the cross-sectional profile of the adhesive bead can be advantageous a triangular profile can be fulfilled, the height of which is selected to be greater than the maximum gap dimension. The base of the triangular profile should be as narrow as possible around the applied adhesive to minimize the amount, while at the same time depending on the adhesive used certain slope angle of the triangular profile must not be fallen below, otherwise a noticeable sagging of the adhesive bead occurs under its own weight (see An Proverbs 2 and 3).
Für den Spezialfall der Verklebung eines Werkstücks aus Stahlblech mit einem Werkstück aus Glasfaser-Verbundwerkstoff wird zweckmäßigerweise ein Polyurethan-Klebstoff verwendet (sie he Anspruch 3). Dieser Zweikomponenten-Klebstoff kann einerseits reproduzierbar in Form ei ner Dreiecksraupe mit großem Böschungswinkel, die nur wenig unter ihrem Eigengewicht zu sammensackt, aufgebracht werden und härtet andererseits schnell aus, so daß die gefügten Werkstücke schnell weiterverbaut werden können.For the special case of gluing a workpiece made of sheet steel to a workpiece Glass fiber composite material, a polyurethane adhesive is expediently used (see he claim 3). This two-component adhesive can be reproduced in the form of egg ner triangular caterpillar with a large slope angle, which is only slightly under its own weight sags, applied and on the other hand hardens quickly, so that the joined Workpieces can be quickly expanded.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungs beispieles näher erläutert; dabei zeigen:In the following the invention with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings example explained in more detail; show:
Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt zweier zu verklebender Werkstücke in Zusammenbaulage; Figure 1 shows a section of two workpieces to be glued in the assembled position.
Fig. 2 das Auftragen einer Klebstoffraupe auf einen Fügebereich eines Werkstücks. Fig. 2 shows the application of a bead of adhesive on a joining region of a workpiece.
Fig. 1 zeigt Ausschnitte zweier Werkstücke 1, 2, die in Fügebereichen 3, 4 miteinander verklebt werden sollen. Das eine Werkstück 1 ist ein Karosserieteil 5 aus Stahlblech, während das ande re Werkstück 2 ein Glasfaser-Verbundwerkstoff-Teil 6 ist. Der Fügebereich 3, 4 hat die Form ei nes Bandes, das sich entlang der zu verklebenden Ränder 7, 8 der beiden Werkstücke 1, 2 er streckt. Aufgrund fertigungsbedingter Ungenauigkeiten weisen die beiden Werkstücke 1, 2 Ab weichungen von der Idealform auf, welche in Zusammenbaulage in den Randbereichen 7, 8 zum Auftreten von klaffenden Spalten 9 führen. Die lichte Höhe 10 der Spalte 9 variiert - je nach den Toleranzen der Werkstücke 1, 2 - zwischen Null und einer Maximalklaffung 11. Fig. 1 shows sections of two workpieces 1 , 2 , which are to be glued together in joining areas 3 , 4 . One workpiece 1 is a body part 5 made of sheet steel, while the other workpiece 2 is a glass fiber composite part 6 . The joining area 3 , 4 has the shape of a strip that extends along the edges 7 , 8 of the two workpieces 1 , 2 to be glued. Due to manufacturing-related inaccuracies, the two workpieces 1 , 2 have deviations from the ideal shape, which in the assembled position in the edge regions 7 , 8 lead to the occurrence of gaping gaps 9 . The clear height 10 of the column 9 varies - depending on the tolerances of the workpieces 1 , 2 - between zero and a maximum gap 11 .
Zum Verkleben der beiden Werkstücke 1, 2 wird zunächst, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, eine Kleb stoffraupe 12 auf den Fügebereich 3 des ersten Werkstücks 1 aufgetragen. Dann wird das Werkstück 2 so auf das Werkstück 1 aufgelegt, daß die Fügebereiche 3, 4 aufeinander zu liegen kommen und die Werkstücke 1, 2 in diesen Fügebereichen 3, 4 durch den aufgetragenen Kleb stoff fest miteinander verbunden werden. Je nach Anwendungsfall werden die Werkstücke 1, 2 während des Aushärtens des Klebstoffs zueinander fixiert und/oder miteinander verspannt.To glue the two workpieces 1 , 2 , first, as shown in FIG. 2, an adhesive bead 12 is applied to the joining area 3 of the first workpiece 1 . Then the workpiece 2 is placed on the workpiece 1 so that the joining areas 3 , 4 come to lie on one another and the workpieces 1 , 2 in these joining areas 3 , 4 are firmly connected to each other by the applied adhesive. Depending on the application, the workpieces 1 , 2 are fixed to one another and / or clamped to one another during the curing of the adhesive.
Der Klebstoffauftrag auf Werkstück 3 erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Klebevorrichtung 13, deren Auf tragsdüse 14 - wie in Fig. 2 durch einen Pfeil angedeutet - entlang einer Klebebahn 15 im Fü gebereich 3 auf dem Werkstück 1 entlangbewegt wird. Zum Verkleben des Karosserieteils 5 aus Metall mit dem Verbundwerkstoff-Teil 6 wird ein Zweikomponenten-Klebstoff verwendet. Ein solcher Klebstoff hat den Vorteil, daß er sehr schnell aushärtet, so daß die verklebten Werk stücke 5, 6 nach einer sehr kurzen Ruhezeit von wenigen Minuten gehandhabt und weiterver baut werden können. Ein solches Klebeverfahren eignet sich somit auch für den Großserienein satz.The application of adhesive to workpiece 3 is carried out with the aid of an adhesive device 13 , the application nozzle 14 of which - as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 2 - is moved along an adhesive web 15 in the joining area 3 on the workpiece 1 . A two-component adhesive is used to glue the body part 5 made of metal to the composite part 6 . Such an adhesive has the advantage that it cures very quickly, so that the glued work pieces 5 , 6 can be handled and built after a very short rest period of a few minutes. Such an adhesive process is therefore also suitable for use in large series.
Sollen die beiden Werkstücke 1, 2 dichtend miteinander verklebt werden, so muß der Klebstoff im Fügebereich 3 auf eine solche Weise aufgetragen werden, daß er im gesamten Fügebereich 3, 4 die dort vorliegenden Spalte 9 überbrückt. Die Höhe H0, H1, H2 der Klebstoffraupe 12 muß daher mindestens der Maximalklaffung 11 entsprechen. Andererseits muß das Volumen der Klebstoffraupe 12 und somit die aufgebrachte Klebstoffmenge so gering wie möglich gehalten werden, um in Bereichen mit geringer Spalthöhe zu verhindern, daß überschüssiger Klebstoff aus diesem Bereich herausgequetscht wird und zu einer Verschmierung der umliegenden Berei che führt.If the two workpieces 1 , 2 are to be adhesively bonded to one another, the adhesive must be applied in the joining area 3 in such a way that it bridges the gaps 9 present there in the entire joining area 3 , 4 . The height H 0 , H 1 , H 2 of the adhesive bead 12 must therefore correspond to at least the maximum gap 11 . On the other hand, the volume of the adhesive bead 12 and thus the amount of adhesive applied must be kept as small as possible in order to prevent excess adhesive from being squeezed out of this area in areas with a small gap height and leading to smearing of the surrounding areas.
Um diesen beiden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, ist es günstig, die Klebstoffraupe 12 so zu dimensionieren, daß sie ein näherungsweise dreiecksförmiges Profil hat. Zur Erzeugung einer solchen Klebstoffraupe 12 wird eine Auftragsdüse 14 verwendet, die auf der der Vorschubrich tung 16 der Klebevorrichtung 13 entgegengesetzten Seite eine näherungsweise dreiecksförmige Austrittsöffnung 17 mit Basislänge B und Höhe H aufweist. Direkt nach dem Auftrag hat die mit tels dieser Auftragsdüse 14 frisch aufgetragene Klebstoffraupe 12 ein der Form der Austrittsöff nung 17 entsprechendes Dreiecksprofil Δ0 mit Basislänge B0 ≈ B und Höhe H0 ≈ H. Unter der Einwirkung der Schwerkraft findet ein "Absacken" dieser dreieckigen Klebstoffraupe 12 statt, d. h. die Klebstoffraupe 12 verändert ihre Form von einem dreiecksförmigen Profil Δ0 zu einem tropfenartigen Profil Δ1 auf eine solche Art, daß im Bereich der Basis eine Verbreiterung der Klebstoffraupe 12 eintritt, mit der eine Abnahme der Höhe der Klebstoffraupe 12 einhergeht. Nach einer bestimmten Zeitspanne nach dem Klebstoffauftrag weist das Profil Δ1 der Kleb stoffraupe 12 daher eine verbreiterte Basis B1 < B0 und eine verringerte Höhe H1 < H0 auf. Nachdem der gesamte Fügebereich mit Klebstoff versehen wurde, hat der zuletzt aufgetragene Teil der Klebstoffraupe 12 ein Profil Δ0 mit Höhe H0 und Basis B0, während der zuallererst aufge tragene Teil der Klebstoffraupe 12 bereits zu einem Profil Δ2 der Höhe H2 < H1 < H0 und der Breite B2 < B1 < B0 abgesackt ist. Dieses kontinuierliche Absacken der Klebstoffraupe 12 ist in Fig. 2 in stark überhöhter Weise dargestellt.In order to meet these two requirements, it is advantageous to dimension the bead 12 of adhesive so that it has an approximately triangular profile. To produce such an adhesive bead 12 , an application nozzle 14 is used which has an approximately triangular outlet opening 17 with a base length B and height H on the side opposite the feed direction 16 of the adhesive device 13 . Immediately after the application, the bead of adhesive 12 freshly applied with this application nozzle 14 has a triangular profile Δ 0 corresponding to the shape of the outlet opening 17 with a basic length B 0 ≈ B and height H 0 ≈ H. Under the action of gravity, this "sagging" takes place triangular adhesive bead 12 instead, that is, the adhesive bead 12 changes its shape from a triangular profile Δ 0 to a drop-like profile Δ 1 in such a way that in the region of the base a widening of the adhesive bead 12 occurs, with which a decrease in the height of the adhesive bead 12 goes along. After a certain period of time after the adhesive has been applied, the profile Δ 1 of the adhesive bead 12 therefore has a broadened base B 1 <B 0 and a reduced height H 1 <H 0 . After the entire joining area has been provided with adhesive, the last part of the adhesive bead 12 applied has a profile Δ 0 with a height H 0 and a base B 0 , while the part of the adhesive bead 12 which has been first applied is already a profile Δ 2 with a height H 2 < H 1 <H 0 and the width B 2 <B 1 <B 0 has sagged. This continuous sagging of the adhesive bead 12 is shown in a greatly exaggerated manner in FIG. 2.
Um ein dichtes Verkleben der beiden Werkstücke 1, 2 im Fügebereich 3, 4 sicherzustellen, muß die Höhe H0, H1, H2 der Klebstoffraupe 12 an jeder Stelle im Fügebereich 3 größer sein als die an dieser Stelle zu erwartende Höhe des Spalts 9. Dies ist insbesondere dann sichergestellt, wenn die minimale Höhe H2 der Klebstoffraupe 12 größer ist als die Maximalklaffung 11. Gleichzeitig muß die größte Breite B2 der Klebstoffraupe 12 geringer sein als die Breite 18 des Fügebereichs 3, da der Klebstoff ansonsten aus dem Fügebereich 3, 4 herausfließt und ein Verschmieren der Werkstücke 1, 2 zur Folge hat. Je nach Fließeigenschaften des gewählten Klebstoffs und nach der zu erwartenden Maximalklaffung 11 muß der Fügebereich 3, 4 somit eine Minimalbreite ha ben, um die absackende Klebstoffmenge aufnehmen zu können.In order to ensure tight bonding of the two workpieces 1 , 2 in the joining area 3 , 4 , the height H 0 , H 1 , H 2 of the adhesive bead 12 must be greater at every point in the joining area 3 than the height of the gap 9 to be expected at this point . This is ensured in particular when the minimum height H 2 of the adhesive bead 12 is greater than the maximum gap 11 . At the same time, the greatest width B 2 of the adhesive bead 12 must be less than the width 18 of the joining area 3 , since otherwise the adhesive flows out of the joining area 3 , 4 and results in smearing of the workpieces 1 , 2 . Depending on the flow properties of the selected adhesive and the expected maximum gap 11 , the joining area 3 , 4 must therefore have a minimum width in order to be able to absorb the sagging amount of adhesive.
Zur Verklebung des metallischen Werkstücks 5 mit dem Glasfaser-Verbundwerkstoff-Teil 6 wird ein Polyurethan-Klebstoff verwendet; dies ist ein Zweikomponenten-Klebstoff, der sich durch ei ne hohe Viskosität auszeichnet. Somit findet ein nur geringfügiges Absacken der hochviskosen Klebstoffraupe 12 statt, und die Höhe H0, H1, H2 der Klebstoffraupe 12 nimmt während der Auf tragszeit, welche mehrere Minuten dauert, nur um wenige Prozent ab. Bei Verwendung eines solch hochviskosen Klebstoffs kann eine dichte Verbindung der beiden Werkstücke 5, 6, welche eine Maximalklaffung 11 aufweisen, dann erreicht werden, wenn der Klebstoff durch eine Auf tragsdüse 14 mit einer näherungsweise dreiecksförmigen Austrittsöffnung 17 aufgebracht wird, deren Höhe H um etwa 10% größer als die Maximalklaffung 11 gewählt ist.A polyurethane adhesive is used to glue the metallic workpiece 5 to the glass fiber composite part 6 ; This is a two-component adhesive that is characterized by a high viscosity. Thus, there is only a slight sagging of the highly viscous adhesive bead 12 , and the height H 0 , H 1 , H 2 of the adhesive bead 12 only decreases by a few percent during the application time, which takes several minutes. When using such a highly viscous adhesive, a tight connection of the two workpieces 5 , 6 , which have a maximum gap 11 , can be achieved if the adhesive is applied through an application nozzle 14 with an approximately triangular outlet opening 17 , the height H of which is about 10 % larger than the maximum gap 11 is selected.
Zum Verkleben eines Karosserieteils 5 aus Stahlblech mit einem Werkstück 6 aus Glasfaser- Verbundwerkstoff, welche im Fügebereich 3, 4 Spalte 9 zwischen 0 und 12 mm aufweisen, wur de ein Polyurethan-Zweiphasen-Klebstoff verwendet, welcher über eine Auftragsdüse 14 mit ei ner dreiecksförmigen Austrittsöffnung 17 mit einer Höhe H von 13.5 mm und einer Basislänge B von 7 mm aufgetragen wurde. Das Profil Δ0, Δ1 ,Δ2 der Klebstoffraupe 12 sackte während des Trocknens von einer Höhe H0 von 13.5 mm auf eine Höhe H2 von 12.7 mm ab, wobei die Breite von einem Wert B0 = 7 mm auf einen Wert B2 = 8.7 mm zunahm. Die Minimalbreite 18 des Fü gebereichs 3, 4 betrug 10 mm. Mit dieser Dimensionierung des Profils der Austrittsöffnung 17 und der Breite 18 des Fügebereiches 3, 4 konnte reproduzierbar eine verschmierungsfreie und dichte umlaufende Klebeverbindung der beiden Werkstücke 5, 6 erreicht werden.For gluing a body part 5 made of sheet steel with a workpiece 6 made of glass fiber composite material, which have in the joining area 3 , 4 column 9 between 0 and 12 mm, a polyurethane two-phase adhesive was used, which was applied via an application nozzle 14 with a triangular egg ner Outlet opening 17 with a height H of 13.5 mm and a base length B of 7 mm was applied. The profile Δ 0 , Δ 1 , Δ 2 of the adhesive bead 12 sagged during drying from a height H 0 of 13.5 mm to a height H 2 of 12.7 mm, the width being from a value B 0 = 7 mm to a value B 2 = 8.7 mm increased. The minimum width 18 of the joining area 3 , 4 was 10 mm. With this dimensioning of the profile of the outlet opening 17 and the width 18 of the joining area 3 , 4 , a smear-free and tight all-round adhesive connection of the two workpieces 5 , 6 could be achieved in a reproducible manner.
Um bei den zum Einsatz kommenden hochviskosen Klebstoffen, welche unter hohem Druck aufgetragen werden, eine qualitativ hochwertige dreiecksförmige Kleberaupe 12 zu erzeugen, muß die Auftragsdüse 14 sehr hohen Genauigkeitsanforderungen genügen. Hierbei hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn sich der vom Klebstoff durchflossene Innenraum 19 der Auftrags düse 14 zur Fügefläche 3 hin konisch aufweitet, was in Fig. 2 gestrichelt dargestellt ist. Wei terhin sollte die Austrittsöffnung 17 eine hohe Symmetrie aufweisen, und die Ränder 20 der Austrittsöffnung 17 müssen vollkommen entgratet sein. Zusätzlich hat es sich als vorteilhaft her ausgestellt, das Profil der Austrittsöffnung 17 im Scheitelbereich mit einer Verrundung 21 zu versehen.In order to produce a high-quality triangular bead of adhesive 12 for the high-viscosity adhesives used, which are applied under high pressure, the application nozzle 14 must meet very high accuracy requirements. Here, it has proven to be advantageous if the interior 19 of the application nozzle 14 through which the adhesive flows widens conically toward the joining surface 3 , which is shown in broken lines in FIG. 2. Wei terhin the outlet orifice 17 should have a high degree of symmetry, and the edges 20 of the outlet opening 17 must be completely deburred. In addition, it has proven advantageous to provide the profile of the outlet opening 17 in the apex region with a rounding 21 .
Alternativ zu dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Auftrag der Klebstoffraupe 12 auf das metallische Werk stück 5, das dann mit dem Verbundwerkstück 6 gefügt wird, kann die Klebstoffraupe 12 auch auf das Verbundwerkstück 6 aufgetragen werden. Das Verfahren eignet sich zum Verkleben ei nes weiten Spektrums von Werkstücken gleicher und unterschiedlicher Materialien.As an alternative to the application of the adhesive bead 12 shown in FIG. 2 to the metallic workpiece 5 , which is then joined to the composite workpiece 6 , the adhesive bead 12 can also be applied to the composite workpiece 6 . The method is suitable for gluing a wide range of workpieces of the same and different materials.
Claims (5)
- - daß der Spalt (9) durch die Klebstoffraupe (12) ohne Verwendung weiterer Hilfssubstan zen dicht verschlossen wird,
- - und daß als Klebstoff ein Zweikomponenten-Klebstoff verwendet wird.
- - That the gap ( 9 ) by the adhesive bead ( 12 ) is sealed without using additional auxiliary substances,
- - And that a two-component adhesive is used as an adhesive.
- - welche im Fügebereich (3, 4) einen Spalt (9) aufweisen, der zwischen Null und einer Maximalklaffung (11) variiert,
- - wobei die Breite (18) des Fügebereichs (3, 4) größer als eine Minimalbreite ist, welche zwischen 80% und 100% der Maximalklaffung (11) liegt,
- - wobei die Höhe (H) der Austrittsöffnung (17) mindestens 110% der Maximalklaffung (11) beträgt
- - und wobei die Basis (B) der Austrittsöffnung (17) höchstens 80% der Minimalbreite beträgt.
- - Which have a gap ( 9 ) in the joining area ( 3 , 4 ) which varies between zero and a maximum gap ( 11 ),
- the width ( 18 ) of the joining area ( 3 , 4 ) is greater than a minimum width, which is between 80% and 100% of the maximum gap ( 11 ),
- - The height (H) of the outlet opening ( 17 ) is at least 110% of the maximum gap ( 11 )
- - And wherein the base (B) of the outlet opening ( 17 ) is at most 80% of the minimum width.
- - daß der vom Klebstoff durchflossene Innenraum (19) der Auftragsdüse (14) sich zur Fü gefläche (3) hin konisch aufweitet,
- - und daß die Auftragsdüse (14) eine seitlich angeordnete Austrittsöffnung (17) aufweist, die näherungsweise die Form eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks hat,
- - wobei Höhe (H) dieses Dreiecks mindestens der Höhe (11) eines maximal zu erwar tenden Spalts (9) zwischen den zu fügenden Werkstücken (1, 2, 5, 6) im Fügebereich (3, 4) entspricht,
- - die Basis (B) dieses Dreiecks zwischen 40% und 60% der Höhe des Dreiecks beträgt,
- - und der Scheitelbereich des Dreiecks mit einer Verrundung (21) versehen ist.
- - That the interior ( 19 ) of the application nozzle ( 14 ) through which the adhesive flows widens conically towards the joint surface ( 3 ),
- - And that the application nozzle ( 14 ) has a laterally arranged outlet opening ( 17 ) which has approximately the shape of an isosceles triangle,
- - The height (H) of this triangle corresponds at least to the height ( 11 ) of a maximum gap ( 9 ) to be expected between the workpieces ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 ) in the joining area ( 3 , 4 ),
- - the base (B) of this triangle is between 40% and 60% of the height of the triangle,
- - And the apex of the triangle is provided with a fillet ( 21 ).
Priority Applications (1)
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DE2000124695 DE10024695A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2000-05-18 | Method for joining two workpieces, in particular, metal and plastic parts of a vehicle body by gluing involves filling of the intervening variable gap with a bead consisting of a two-component adhesive |
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DE2000124695 DE10024695A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2000-05-18 | Method for joining two workpieces, in particular, metal and plastic parts of a vehicle body by gluing involves filling of the intervening variable gap with a bead consisting of a two-component adhesive |
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CN110891771B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2022-04-15 | 乙烯技术公司 | Method for bonding metal fittings to polyurethane structures |
CN114683558A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-01 | 航天海鹰(镇江)特种材料有限公司 | Gluing method for metal wrapping edges of composite material blades |
CN114683558B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-10-03 | 航天海鹰(镇江)特种材料有限公司 | Cementing method for metal edge-covering of composite material blade |
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