DD265957A5 - APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRY CLEANING OF CORNARY FOOD AND FEED AGENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant and a method for the dry cleaning of grain-like food and feed, such as cereals. The separation into the different fractions is carried out in a single vibration group. An overhead size classification can consist of any sieve combination. This has a closed lower bottom and is forked or V-shaped directly above a gravity classification below. The heavy classification can also be combined in different variants as a single or double shift table, as upper layer and lower stone selection table. The bifurcated space is used for air guidance for the heavy duty classifying tables. The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the product is guided and transferred from the beginning of the cleaning to the end without bundling, as hitherto during transport from one single machine to another. Fig. 1

Description

2 <> 5 957

Plant and method for the dry cleaning of granular food and feed

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a system for the dry cleaning of grain-like food and feed, such as cereals, for separating into different fractions and in particular for reading foreign matter, such as sand, stones, rolls, etc., which size classification, z. B. as screening, and a heavy classification, z. B, as stone readout, light grain readout, etc., and an associated method.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

Recently, in a mill, the number of Spei'ialmaechinen for cleaning cereals has been severely limited. On the other hand, a group of standard aggregates, such as screening devices and stone readers, and more and more light grain readers, can be found in almost every new mill. Each device is designed for the specific task and provided with exhaust air, vibrators, etc. The very special training allows both the required air and the swing energy targeted at the lowest possible expenses for construction and operation apply, so that an increased throughput and higher quality work could be achieved with the lowest possible investment costs, compared to the even older practice.

The mills currently built have at least three building complexes side by side, for silo and cleaning, for mill and for finished products.

The machines for cleaning and s.jid mills are distributed over four or five storeys. · In most cases, the storage silos tower above the mill building in accordance with the desired storage capacities. What is most natural in the storage silos, namely the lower discharge by bottom opening with corresponding downward movement of the product by gravity, has also been exploited in cleaning machines for many decades, by feeding the product into the top-floor machine and then by gravity moved from floor to floor or machine to machine without technical energy input for oen transport down.

Oeder miller knows "that the cleaning and preparation of the raw material deserve as much attention as the grinding itself." This is manifested in the fact that in most of the mill buildings there is sufficient space for the cleaning mashines, so that there is no immediate need for further concentration of the same. A fundamental disadvantage, however, is the fact that the machines and machines are connected in the same way. For the sorting and separating process, the whole material flow is brought into a flat thin layer or a thin falling veil, whereby from machine to machine the product stream is transferred again and again from one machine to the other over the bundled product stream to bring a widespread spread.

The disadvantage is that the inlet section is used especially for the uniform formation of a product bed "to prevent the initial detail of the machine for the corresponding work, based on the area,

is used poorly. Many people had the idea of putting one machine on the same floor on the same floor. Judged by the quality of work, this would be an advantage. However, since each device requires other optimal conditions, so would very complex transition pieces, especially with two mutually directed vibrations. In the field of process engineering, it has repeatedly been shown that machines with a large surface salary are difficult to control. Disturbances are recognized late if a small disturbance in the previous stage has had an adverse effect on the next one for a long time.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a plant and a method for the dry cleaning of granular food and feed, which can be cleaned reliably and economically favorable.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

Oer invention has for its object to provide a system and a method for dry cleaning of grain-like food and feed, and thereby to improve the cleaning so that a concentration of the operations is possible, but maintaining the manageability of each Arboitsstufe, the possibility of influence in each work step, in particular while maintaining at least the same throughput and quality.

The solution according to the invention is characterized in that the size separating unit as well as the heavy classifying unit form a swinging group, preferably with a common one

Oscillating drive * where the size clarifier unit has a closed bottom at the bottom and is forked or * V-shaped above the heavy duty classifier, with the product transfer at the fork between the size classifier and the heavy classifier and means for air circulation from the forked or V-shaped space ,

It is often the case with new solutions that one no longer understands why, as it were, the simplest and most optimal solution has not been used for a long time, one looks for reasons why not every other person working in the field, except the inventor, is not at ( Heavy classifiers require very strong aeration to form a fluidized bed, whereas actual sieves may only be aspirated lightly, otherwise parts will lift off easily and float on the surface of the flowing bulk material layer by attaching a closed bottom underneath It is easy to separate the sieve section from the fluidized bed by means of the sieve section, and the bifurcated arrangement of the sieve results in two decisive advantages: the two units of vibration can now be directed in the same direction Heavy Classifier erf olgt uniformly over the entire Siebbroite, dos means that the above-described multiple change from flat ¹ , product stream in a tubular product stream, now within ν η all three basic functions, ie:

- dar sieving

- the division of easy and hard and

- the stone reading

completely falls. At the first entry point must have a

? 65

flat uniform product layer generated and then only be maintained.

But now allows the invention, with very simple measures impressive to solve the task, even to achieve better use of the work surfaces.

Most preferably, the oscillating drive is arranged on both sides approximately on a horizontal line of gravity of the entire oscillating group, such that for the heavy classification a throwing oscillation is generated for upward conveyance and for size slumping downwards conveyance.

All work surfaces thus basically execute an optimal swinging motion. Experiments have confirmed that the new idea allows a sharp separation even at high throughput rates.

In a further advantageous embodiment, an aspiration space which widens on one side is formed between the closed bottom of the sieve device and the gravity classifier and the gravity classifying table, and this is connected to a suction fan.

Very particularly preferred is the expanding on one side aspiration space in at least two exhaust chambers, which are divided into an upper and lower exhaust chamber, each exhaust chamber are assigned adjustable air throttles.

In this way, however, the air distribution to the heavy classifier can be determined in a very simple manner in any desired accuracy.

2 * 5

can be regulated without any negative influence on the sieve above it. "Thus, each individual function can be set to the respective maximum required.

The idea according to the invention, however, still permits various further very advantageous embodiments. So z. B. the lower end of a light grain reader open directly into a vertical aspiration channel, for the selection of a light fraction of the rejection of gravity classification table.

In this combination, the advantages of the invention are particularly good because the product is placed in a flat layer on entering the sieve. "This layer is now maintained over the sieve of the concentrator and stone extractor, accordingly, the dust in the air on a flat Channel are routed into the likewise flat working aspiration channel. For the viewer, this creates an image, as when a textile web is pulled through a printing press and the corresponding work processes are carried out step by step on the belt.

As a particularly interesting further idea, the invention allows the aspiration space, which widens on one side, to be provided with an air extraction system, which via a dust collector recirculates the air in recirculation mode to the suction side of the stone extractor.

The latter idea brings a great deal of progress in a number of applications, especially in small and medium size mills. The invention thus provides a closed, compact device, which until today from a system with

245

consisted of several individual machines, in which each individual machine for the intensive ventilation a good aspiration and the whole system needed a central air filter system.

The invention allows all working steps in one unit, in many cases without a filter, to be operated with circulating air.

Most preferably, the gravity classifying unit consists of two classifying tables arranged one above the other and through which the same air flows. It is possible that the upper classifying table is designed as a concentrator or Leichtkornausleser or stone extractor and the lower classifying table as Steinauslesetisch. Furthermore, it is also possible to form the size-locking unit from two identical, stacked screening tables or two parallel runs, or to use two or more different screening tables one above the other. Furthermore, the classifying tables are preferably arranged parallel to one another in the same classifying unit.

The invention further relates to a method for the dry cleaning of granular food and feed, such as cereals, for separating in different fractions, in particular for reading foreign matter, such as sand, stones, rolls, etc.

The process is characterized in that the product stream is passed over at least a first size classification, for example screening, and directly via at least a second severity classification for stone readout, light-grain extraction such that the product stream without constriction (carpet-like) from the beginning to the exit of each read

245

Fraction is promoted by the oscillatory or air forces, the flow direction and Neiguny ^ direction of the size classification and the heavy classification are opposite.

This, however, the invention allows not only a very strong further concentration of the working functionality while maintaining controllability but draws you to optimize the individual process steps, do the respective next step of the previous by-area transfer benefit. The product transfer from the size classification to the heavy classification by means of a short free fall as product veil also helps to locate the good parts, so that partially adhering parts are thereby loosened.

Version unp, 8 example 1

The invention will now be explained with reference to three exemplary embodiments' with further details

 The accompanying drawings show:

Fig. 1: the basic structure of a system according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows the plant according to FIG. 1 combined with an aspiration stage; FIG.

3: the system of FIG. 2, but with an additional separator and recirculation mode}

Fig. 4: the plant of Figure 1, but with two stacked stone read tables and a parallel run for the screening.

5 shows a further embodiment for the heavy classification with an upper concentrator or light grain reader and a lower stone extraction table,

In the following, reference is made to Fig. 1, Oio whole plant 1 consists of a screening device 2, a concentrator 3 and a stone reader 4. Arrow is a vibration generator 5 shown symbolically, the oscillation direction at an angle to both the screening device 2 as well to the concentrator 3 and the stone reader 4 is arranged, according to angle ^ i. to the horizontal gravity boom 6 * slide swing direction is simultaneously parallel to the plane of the rig. 1 or parallel to the main product flow direction. The system 1 is supported on vibration bearings 7 via a frame 8 on the floor 9. Above the screening device 2 is a product supply line 10 which is connected via a suspension 11 fixed to the non-vibrating ceiling 12. Zwiechen the product supply 10 and the screening device 2 is mounted as a transition to the vibrating parts of the system 1, a flexible sleeve 13. The product entry into the sieve box or the sieve device is designed as a distribution box 14, so that the tubular bundled in the product supply line product stream is spread to a flaky, uniform Produktteppiech on the top wire layer or on a coarse screen 15. The coarse screen 15 is preferably for the removal of coarse additions andfslörenden, large foreign bodies, such as cords, pieces of wood, etc., which are removed via an outlet 16 from the product stream. The space above the Grobsieb 15 is completely closed by a Blechvorschalung 17 to the outside, so that there is no dust emission to the outside and no air leakage.

exchange takes place. At a distance below the Grobsiebs is the Auslesesieb 18, which has a relatively fine Siebmaschung to fine particles, such as fine sand, grain fragments, etc. to win as Siebdurchfall, and practice. rinen closed bottom 19 via a sand outlet 20 auszusieben from the product stream and carry away. The Siebabstoß of the readout 18 flows over the entire table width through a discharge channel 21 directly and also uniformly over the entire width as a product carpet distributed to the concentrator 3. The drop of the read-out screen 18 and the subsequent flow direction reversal for the main product stream on the concentrator 3 has a double function. The product parts are loosened, for example, dirt or shell parts that only easily meet on a grain, and facilitate the subsequent separation into the various fractions. "

The second advantageous feature is that on the one hand the carpet product is completely preserved, then the other hand, the tuber per significantly different physical forces may be used to full:

- In a product layer on a non-luftdurchströmton screen surface, the readout screen 18th

- And in cxner classic strongly air-flowed fluidized bed in the concentrator. 3

On the non-air-flowed screen surface, there are pure mechanical impact forces from particle to particle. The vibrated product layer similarly seeks the process of concrete vibration, the highest possible bulk density, with the smallest parts immediately having a tendency to move in

26S

to move the cavities of the lowest layer of larger grains. However, since the sieve bottom is permeable to the small particles, they fall through and are thus sieved away. Large parts, including larger-area parts, reach the surface of the product layer. The main forces that are exploited on the sieve result from the different greetings of the particles.

In contrast, the air forces are utilized in the fluidized bed as the main forces * Accordingly, a very stressed stratification within the fluidized bed takes place according to the severity. Cereal grains move upwards within a fluidized bed, stone down, assuming similar sizes.

By the vertical discharge of the Aus1 <1>; > 18 on the

Concentrator 3 and the flow direction reversal finds the appropriate switching from the pure shaking layer in the fluidized bed layering quickly, d. H. on a very short distance, instead. Neither short-term performance increases nor throughput fluctuations have a negative influence on the quality of the redeployment within relatively large limits. Therein lies an essential point of the surprising success of this invention.

As is readily apparent from FIG. 1, the fork-like arrangement of the screening device 2 and of the concentrators 3 results in an expanding space 22, which is connected to an aspiration line 24 via a suction nozzle 23. By an adjustment flap 25, the desired amount of air for the operation of the cleaning system or screening device 2 can be adjusted «The widening space 22 is through at least one wall 26 in sections 22 '; 22 "split.

This allows, with throttle valves 27; 28 in one or the other sector 22'j 22 "as required, either in the upper or in the lower part of the fluidized bed to adjust more or less large air currents." Between the suction port 23 and the Aspirationsleitung 24 in turn a flexible sleeve 20 is attached

Concentrator 3 has as object the layering of the product stream and the concentration of the specific heavy parts in the area immediately above the table top. • Shortly before the bottom end of the cake spreader surface, which is air permeable up to this point, but impermeable to product, there is a section with large product ports 30, through which the lower layer enriched with the heavy parts, in particular with stones, is discharged directly onto a chute 31 extending underneath, and is guided onto a central area of the stone reader 4. With an adjustable product bar 32, the percentage proportions can be determined according to the particular task product fraction - percentage of heavy concentrate to be determined on the stone sampler 4 and fraction of the light fraction. The fraction of the light fraction is fed directly to a corresponding outlet 33. There is still the possibility of adding a medium-heavy fraction of additional diarrhea openings 34 at the very lower end of the concentrator 3 into the outlet 35 for the heavy material, in other words to good, heavy grains.

The stone reader 4 has a rough surface, usually a mesh, on. Due to the rough surface, the heaviest parts, resting directly on the table surface of the stone reader 4, are vibrated by the vibrations of the swings.

gungeerregers 5 supplied to the left upper Tiechfläche and the stone outlet 36. In contrast to the stone ejector 4, the concentrator 3 has a surface with a smooth surface, eg. B, a sheet of fine holes, 90 that, in spite of the vibration identical to the stone extractor 4, the upper surface of the sheet exerts a mere effect on the heavy product layer closest to the table surface. Due to the fluidized bed effect, the product flows liquid 8-like downward "The vibrating direction is also correct for the screening device · The product is conveyed by the vibration of Siebtiachflache down · Thus, it is shown that all three, the screening device 2, the Concentrator 3 and the stone reader 4 can be verever as a vibration unit with the same vibration drive; Nevertheless, every work process is carried out optimally. However, only the stone extractor 4 and the concentrator 3 are aerated with the same air.

All three parts of the plant are arranged directly one above the other according to the invention. The whole plant is only about man-high, precisely because of the many combinatorial effects which can be fully utilized. h., it can be installed in any normal room height.

The surprisingly successful interaction of the sieve device of the concentrator unit is judged to be particularly advantageous by the experts involved.

However, the invention also allows further design ideas.

Thus, the solution according to FIG. 1 can also be used in combination with a

a vertical Aapirationskanal 40, as shown in Fig. 2. For this purpose, an embodiment of the system 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be used. In the widening space 22, the wall 26 is preferably made adjustable »so that both the air volume distribution on the concentrator within certain limits, but especially the air required in the aspiration can be adjusted separately by a throttle 41. The amount of air that is sucked out of the higher lying part of the space 22, can be adjusted by a control flap 42.

Both at c ^(the solution according to Fig. 1 as in Fig. 2, the bottom of the stone reader is permeable to air. * So that the air can flow freely from below through the Steinauslesertiech and flow through Both solutions work in the so-called suction, which also very big advantage is for a slight control of the air currents.

In the following, reference is now made to FIG. 3. The solution according to Fig. 3, the structural elements of the solution of FIG. 2, but is further configured in a basic function, characterized in that in addition a Leichtteilabscheider is connected, with the possibility to be operated completely with circulating air. The exhaust air from the aspiration channel 40 is passed directly into a Rundabscheider 50. In the Rundabscheider 50 dust and shell parts are separated from the air with a very high degree of separation and can be discharged through a dust lock 51. The Arbsiteluft is returned through a channel 52 and a return line back to the Appendix 1. For this purpose, the space below the stone extractor 4 is completely closed by an air distributor 54 to the outside. The air distribution

Box 54 is Toil of the oscillating unit and connected via a flexible sleeve 55 with the return line 53. The reading table is built in the known sandwich construction "Here is at the bottom of a plate 56 provided with fine perforations, so that the guarantee for a good air distribution on the stone release table 4 is given.

It can also save the facility if kei :. Aspiration system is available to be associated with a small filter 57. With a fan 58, which is preferably arranged after the Rundabscheider 50 can, via corresponding air dampers 59; 60 the desired pressure distribution in the system are adjusted, as indicated by the + and - signs in circles as symbolic pressure values.

If system 1 is not to be operated with circulating air, the corresponding parts are not required. It can still be the Rundabscheider 50 used, and the exhaust air, for example, be sucked through an aspiration system, not shown, via a suction nozzle 61.

Fig. 4 shows a very particularly advantageous combination of the invention. For the size classification are two Siebparallelläufe 70; 71 provided, wherein the screen diarrhea very fine sand and grain fragments on the outlet 16 and Sandauslnuf 20 are led away from the corresponding closed floors.

For gravity grading, especially for stone selection, two stone reading table surfaces 72; 73 are provided, which each have a Gutauflage in the form of a mesh. The swinging motion gives the directly on the respective obt en or lower Steinauslesetischflächen 72; 73 resting

Heavy cargo a strong conveying effect after the higher end of the table. The light material is lifted on both table surfaces by the strong evenly distributed air flow and floats in the direction of the lower end of the table and is discharged via the autowave 53 or the outlet 35.

It is interesting that on the upper table, a heavy fraction of, for example, 30 to 60 % of Gesamtgutmenge flows under an inlet plate 74 in a transfer point 75 and then directly to the lower table surface 73. The upper Steinauslesetischfläche 72 only makes a mixture with all heavy, which z. B. than 50 % of the total amount is transferred to the lower table near the upper end of the table. Concerns of those skilled in the art that the feed of good material close to the top of the heavy classification table would automatically lead to poor stone selection could be refuted by experimentation. It can be seen that the very high layer flow, as indicated by the circulation lines 76, achieves a hitherto scarcely achieved stone extraction quality. In the area close to the table there is a strong upward, above a strong downward flow.

The actual Steinabsonderung takes place under the guide plate 77, transferred by the stones because of the counter-guided air flow with only a small proportion of grain and discharged through the rubber hose lock.

The particularly great advantage of a design variant according to FIG. 4 lies in the fact that in this way the throughput through the different process zones can be adapted very precisely. Since all tables have about the same work surface, there is a doubling of screen area and as well

a doubling of the actual Steinausleaeflache, since the bottom table surface receives only a subset of the total amount. This allows a very high screening and Steinauslesequalität with high product throughput ·

FIG. 5 shows a further advantageous embodiment variant compared with FIG. 1. The lower table surface is used for the stone sorting · The overlying table has a slightly less rough table surface, so that a part of the blocks via a passage opening 80 can fall directly on the stone sorting table promoted with a small Korngutmenge upward and downward. The upper table 81 is for heavy classification, serves mainly as a shift table and has in the lower part of a "gutter", a trough-shaped depression in the table, in which the entire heavy material collects together with the stones. The heavy fraction from the Gutsumpf is drained through the bottom openings and spit over a chute 31 on the stone reading table.

The great advantage of this variant is in addition to the very high Steinauslesequelität here in a very good separation, z. B. in a grain heavy goods, which is discharged through the outlet 35 and into a grain trough which is discharged through the outlet 33.

Claims (8)

Berlin, 21.4.1988 AP F 26 ß / 309 660-1 69 685/26 claims 1. Plant for the dry cleaning of grain-like food and feed, such as cereals, for separating in different fractions and in particular for reading foreign stock, such as sand «Steino, rolls, etc., which size classification, eg. B. as a sieve, β αν ie a Schwereklaseierung, z. B. as a stone reader, Leichtkornausleser etc., characterized, characterized in that the Größenklaasla * unit and the gravity classifying unit form a vibrating group, preferably with a common Schwingantriob, wherein the Größenklaseiereinheit bottom oins a closed bottom and forked or V-shaped over the Heavy classification unit is angeodnet, with the product transfer at the fork between the size classifying unit and the heavy classifying unit and means for air circulation. from the forked or V-shaped space. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the heavy classification unit consists of two superimposed and flowed through by the same air Klassiertlschen, 3. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper Klaselertisch ale concentrator (3) or Leichtkornausleser or as Steinausleser (4) and the lower Klassiertiech is designed as Steinauslegetisch. 4. Plant according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the size classifying unit consists of two identical, stacked screening tables or two Siebparallelläufen (70, 71). -Z- Installation according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the classifying tables are arranged in the same Klatsiereinheit parallel to each other * 6. Plant according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that «the oscillating drive is arranged on both sides approximately on a horizontal plane of gravity of the whole oscillating group; such that for the heavy-class tables a throw-up component with upward component and for the magnitude-classified item with downward component is generated. 7. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that «the sieve device (2) downwards has a closed bottom« and which is connected between the closed bottom and the gravity classifying table on one side expanding space to ednen suction fan. 8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the expanding on one string aspiration * space is divided into at least two exhaust chambers, an upper and a lower exhaust chamber, each exhaust chamber are assigned adjustable air throttles, 9. Plant according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the lower end of the Konzentratortisches or Leichtkornauelesors directly into a vertical aspiration channel (40) opens, for the selection of a light fraction of the rejection of Schwereklassiertisches. iO.Anlöyu according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the "er on one side 245 957 weiternde space (22) has an air extraction, which leads via a dust collector, the air in recirculation mode back to the suction side dee stone extractor. Method for the dry cleaning of grain-like food and feed, such as greens, for separation in different fractions, in particular for reading out foreign matter, such as sand, stones, rolls, etc., characterized in that the product stream has at least a first size classification, e.g. , B, Siebung, and directly over at least zw9ite gravity classification for stone readout, light grain readout, is guided so that the product flow is promoted without constriction from the beginning to the exit of each selected fraction by the vibration or air forces, the Fliaßrichtung and inclination direction of Size classification and the Sehwereklaseierung are opposite. S rare drawings