DD232417C2 - AGENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND MUSHROOMS - Google Patents

Abstract

The Erfingung describes microbicidal agents for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi in fruit and horticulture, agriculture and ornamental and corridor trees. The agents contain as active ingredient bactericides from the class of compounds of the quaternary ammonium compounds, which are optionally applied and applied with fungicides from the class of benzimidazoles or Benzrmidazolbildner, the phthalinides, the alkyl morpholines or dithiocarbamates and applied.

Description

for hydrogen, alkyl radicals or Hydroxvalkvlradikale with Ci-Ct carbon atoms for an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms

for halogens such as chlorine, bromine or iodine

in which

entfielt.

Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds consist of a mixture of homologous alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (benzalkonium chloride).

Composition according to Claim 2, characterized in that the benzalkonium chloride is present in aqueous solution.

Composition according to Claims 1-3, characterized in that they can be applied together with fungicides from the class of the benzimidazoles or benzimidazole formers, the phthalimides, the alkyl morphioins or the dithiocarbamates and used.

The invention describes microbicidal agents for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi in fruit and horticulture, agriculture and ornamental and flowering shrubs. The agents contain as active ingredient bactericides from the class of compounds of the quaternary ammonium compounds with the general formula

^C n ^H 2n

in which R ₁ + R _{2 are} hydrogen, alkyl radicals or hydroxyalkyl radicals having ^ -Gt carbon atoms, η is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and χ are halogens such as chlorine, bromine or iodine and optionally in mixture with fungicides from the class benzimidazoles or benzimidazole formers, phthalimides, alkyl morpholines or dithiocarbamates are applied and used. The invention aims to prevent microbial diseases of crops during the growing season.

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to microbicidal active ingredients, their formulation and combination for controlling bacteria and fungi in horticulture and horticulture, agriculture and in field crops. The compositions according to the invention can be used before, during or after the growing season of the respective crop plants, shrubs or woody plants for controlling bacterial or fungal diseases.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

Means of controlling bacterial diseases in the plant population are hardly available on an international scale. Bactericides, which allow a rapid containment of diseases in the orchards, act specifically and in their application no toxicological concerns exist, so far lack on a global scale.

The fight against bacterial diseases in horticulture, agriculture, ornamental and corridor shrubs has become increasingly important on the European continent with the epidemic spread of bacterial diseases within the last 20 years. While fungicidal active ingredients with chloramphenicol (DDR-WP 78423 and DDR-WP 84958 as additional patent, DDR-WP 107204 and DDR-WP 110423 as additional patent) or bronopol (DDR-WP 133885) for combating bacterial rot in the storage of potatoes and cabbage species Apply, were in fruit production such preparations are not available. Rather, as a result of the rapid propagation possibilities in the stock by insects, rain splashes or processing measures, large-scale installations often had to be cleared and burned.

Chemical agents for disinfecting the wounds in the plant stock and the cutting tools with sublimate, cresol or tar-containing agents, mercury cyanide, sodium hypochlorite or lysol did not bring the desired results or were toxicologically not recommended.

To prevent the floral infections copper preparations were used very early and even today. A disadvantage, however, was that copper compounds cause considerable leaf and Fruchtberostungen.

Organic fungicides have only a limited bactericidal effect. However, inhibition of bacterial diseases can only be achieved by Mancozeb, Thiram or Maneb, with regional differences in European countries in terms of use.

Antibiotics such as penicillin, streptomycin, terramycin, agrimycin, tetracycline and others proved to be promising, of which streptomycin in particular became more important. However, the frequent use of antibiotics resulted in streptomycin-resistant strains within a short period of time (CROSSE, JE: "Prospects for the Use of Bactericides for the Control of Bacterial Disease.") 6. Brit. Insect. & Fungicid. Conf., 1971, Brighton, Proceedings, 1971 , 694 ... 705), so that reinforced again.

Copper agents or combinations of copper compounds with antibiotics was used (MÖLLER et al.: Fireblight, Streptomycin Resistant Control Studies, 1972 Calif. Agric, 27 [1973], H. 6, p.4-5).

From the perspective of human medicine, the use of antibiotics in phytopathology is rejected for a variety of reasons, so as not to increase resistance problems in human medicine via residues in food. Also for economic reasons, antibiotics are only partially operational.

The often trodden way of removing the diseased woody plants by grubbing or chemical elimination by 2,4D and 2,4,5T contained preparations, by fosamine or glyphosate is often unacceptable for economic and / or toxicological reasons and environmental protection.

It is known that quaternary ammonium compounds have strong bactericidal properties and are used as disinfectants in human medicine.

Furthermore, it is known that quaternary ammonium compounds have algicidal activity (US Patent 3166471, BG patent

1120523) and for this purpose also in combination with urea herbicides (DDR-WP 158502) are used. Furthermore, it is known that quaternary ammonium compounds have a fairly broad spectrum of action against bacteria and fungi in the disinfection area and also work very well against Alternaria and Botrytis fungi (WITEK et al .: DDR-WP 140403).

Object of the invention

The invention aims to prevent bacterial diseases of crops, fruit and ornamental shrubs during vegetation and their spread by flower infection or care measures and at the same time by eliminating the primary infection nursery or ornamental woody produce and existing plantations in the recovery area, justifications and To maintain road side plants and corridor trees. The funds should be sufficiently plant compatible. At the same time it is intended to combine the bactericidal effect with a fungicidal and thereby expand the application possibilities.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

It has been found that quaternary ammonium compounds having the general formula

- ^CH 2 - f - ° n ^H 2n + 1 R ₂

in which

R ₁ + R _{2 for} hydrogen, alkyl radicals or hydroxyalkyl radicals having Ci-C ₁ carbon atoms,

η is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms

χ stand for halogens such as chlorine, bromine or iodine

with fungicides overcomes the standards of hitherto known technical solutions. The compositions of the invention are suitable for controlling bacterial and fungal pathogens in fruit and horticulture, agriculture and ornamental and corridor trees. The application can be carried out after appropriate formulation of the active ingredients by dusting, spraying, spraying, dipping and other suitable methods.

As a result, technical defects of already known solutions such as

- clearing of fallen woody plants

- Saving 5 to 15 applications for antibiotics

- Resistance problems

- Clearing of hawthorn hedges near orchards

- Destruction of bee colonies near infestations

- Yield losses over a longer period are avoided.

embodiments

The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it:

1. The quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride (ВАС) with an average chain length of η = 15 in which R ₁ + R _{2 represents} methyl radicals was tested as a 50% concentrate for its suitability for disinfection of work tools. For this purpose, the surface of common tools was contaminated with pathogens and then disinfected with ВАС and made 1000 cuts. The disinfection results are shown in the table.

2. To prevent a floral infection caused by Erwinia amylovora, flowers are treated prophylactically with benzalkonium chloride and subsequently contaminated with an exciter suspension. The flowers were externally sterilized and controlled by means of nutrient media for infection with Erwinia amylovora. The results are shown in Table 2.

3. The prevention of the flowering of ornamental shrubs is an essential and completely new possibility of preventing the spread of infection. For this purpose, 500 flower buds were treated with the biotin according to the invention. Subsequently, the opening flowers were detected. The results for flowering prevention are shown in Table 3.

4. In further extensive experiments it could be determined that the invention-related Bioeid is suitable to achieve a quantitatively higher power output of woody plants. To this end, similar and age-old trees were treated with benzalkonium chloride at the time of flowering and the number of shoots suitable for the advertising of cuttings was counted in comparison to untreated woody plants. The results are shown in Table 4 and clearly show that the invention Bioeid in the sense of a chemical section (Pinzieren) can be used and can be used to increase the production of cuttings.

tables

Table 1: Efficacy of benzalkonium chloride for the disinfection of work tools on the example of Erwinia amylovora

Bioeid fruit tree scissors (coated)

dive wipe spray

Legend very good effect + + +

good effect + +

no effect -

Table 2: Effect of ВАС to prevent a floral infection by Erwinia amylovora (n = 50 flowers)

Bioeid Number of affected flowers

1 χ 10 ⁴ suspension density 1 χ 10 ⁹

ВАС 50 ppm 0% 0%

ВАС 10 ppm 14% 22%

Control 60% 100%

Table 3: Effectiveness of the bioeide for the prevention of flowering (n = 500)

Woody Number of open flowers

Concentration 2% 2.5% 3% without contr.

Hawthorn 12 8 10 500

Firethorn 2 0 1 500

Table 4: Number of new shoots after treatment with 2% ВАС

Pyracantha trial control 2% ВАС

1 6 15

2 5 21

3 6 17

4 8 18

5 10 25

Table 5: Effect of the preparation on a bacterial suspension of different germ density

pathogen Concentration of the preparations Exposure time immediately 1 min. 2x10 ⁹ germs / ml 5 min. immediately 2x10 ⁴ 1 min. Bacteria / ml 5 min. Corynebacterium michiganese p. v. michicjanense Bacillus subtilis 1 2 5 1 2 II + + + II + + + II + + + + + + Il + + + Il II + + + Pseudomonas syringae 5 1 2 - - - - ♦ Erwinia amylovora 5 1 2 5 ι X X

Legend: + preparation effective

- Preparation ineffective

Table 6: Efficacy of the preparation in vitro (plate test)

Concentration of the drug activator

1 000 ppm

500 ppm

100 ppm

Erwinia amylovora +

Pseudomonas syringae +

pr. tomato Corynebacterium michiganense + + +

pr. michiganense

Bacillus subtilis + +

Legend: - no inhibition zones + small inhibition zones + + medium inhibition zones + + + large inhibition zones

Claims (1)

claims: 1. A composition for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi in horticulture and horticulture, agriculture and ornamental and corridor trees, characterized in that in addition to conventional solvents and formulation auxiliaries quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula I. C ₆ H ₅ - CH ₂ ^C n ^H 2 η + 1