CZ9901488A3 - Synthetic fertilizer ensuring simultaneously both nutrition and protection of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an inorganic fertilizer which provides both nourishment and protection for plants. Said fertilizer contains at least one nutrient from the group including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur or calcium as well as between 0.1 to 200 g/kg fertilizer of a biological preparation for plant protection. The biological preparation protects plants against disease and/or pests and consists of an inert carrier mixed with the conidia of at least one type of filamentous fungus chosen from the group comprising the geni Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium, which are contained in quantities of between 0.5 and 1.5 . 10<10> conidia per 1g of biological preparation. The above fertilizer is produced by spraying granules of inorganic fertilizers, which are usually surface-treated and contain at least one of the nutrients listed above, with coating substances which have been diluted with oil and chosen from the group including the amines and advantageously octadecylamine or alkylarylsulfonates. The granules are then coated with a powder to which a biological plant protecting preparation has been admixed. The powder is chosen from a group of substances which include kaolin, talc or finely ground limestone.

Description

Industrial fertilizer providing both nutrition and plant protection

Technical field

The invention relates to mineral fertilizers combined with a microbial component.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently registered mineral fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate with limestone containing 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N), combined 15-15-15 NPK fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen, 15% phosphorus and 15% potassium are commonly used (NPK 15-15-15) or 12-19-19, containing 12% nitrogen, 19% phosphorus and 19% potassium (NPK 12-19-19), ground limestone and the like. Soil is also applied to plant protection products, biofungicide containing spores of Trichoderma harzianum, which is registered under number 1508/1999 in the List of registered plant protection products with activity against soil pathogenic fungi, or bioinsecticide containing conidia of Beauveria bassiana, which is registered under the register number 1295-0 / 1996 effective against insect pests (weevils, Colorado potato beetle). Mineral fertilizers and organic products are applied separately during the growing season.

The application of fertilizers and organic products is time-consuming and economically demanding.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above mentioned disadvantages are eliminated by an industrial fertilizer providing both nutrition and plant protection, which according to the invention consists of at least one nutrient selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur or calcium and organic plant protection products preferably in a concentration of 0. 1 to 200 g / kg of nutrients, which may be a biofungicide and / or a bioinsecticide.

The organic plant protection product consists of an inert carrier to which conidia of at least one species of Deuteromycetes belonging to the group of fungi composed of the genera Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium are bound. The conidia of these Deutermycetes have the same limits of resistance to external storage and application conditions. They differ in host specialization.

«·

4 4

4 β * 4 · 4

The method consists in spraying a surface-treated mineral fertilizer granule containing at least one nutrient with an oil-diluted spray selected from the group consisting of amines, preferably octadecylamine, or alkyaryl sulfonates, and then coating with a powder in which the organic preservative is mixed. plant.

The powder is selected from the group consisting of kaolin or talc or finely ground limestone.

The new industrial fertilizer that provides both plant nutrition and protection consists of a mixture of mineral nutrients with a organic plant protection product with a concentration of 0.1 to 200 g / kg of nutrients. The method for producing the same is that the mineral nutrient granules already produced, commonly referred to as &quot; mineral fertilizer &quot;, are treated by spraying an oil-diluted amine or an alkyaryl sulfonate to form a protective film on the surface of the mineral fertilizer granules. The spray-treated mineral fertilizer is preferably coated with a powder, which is preferably kaolin or talc, containing an appropriate amount of a plant protection product containing on the carrier, which is an inert material, preferably amorphous silica or zeolites, conidia of the fungi.

The industrial fertilizer providing both the nutrition and the protection of the plants according to the invention is stored in the soil in a vegetation layer readily accessible to the roots of the cultivated plants, in the zone of action of phytopathogenic fungi and soil stages of insects. Upon dissolution of the granules, an increased concentration of active biofungicide and / or bioinsecticide is formed in the soil around the germ and on the plant roots, which act as a gradually applied (depot) active gradient of preservatives.

Contact with the granules causes infection of pests and the gradual disintegration of the granules releases the infectious material into the cloud-like infectious zones, which depot a long time effect on both types of harmful agents.

Fungus supplements to fertilizers have no toxic or generally pathogenic implications, these are organisms that are commonly found in the soil and in the human diet. In the digestive tract of vertebrates, conidia of fungi die.

The application of an industrial fertilizer that provides both plant nutrition and plant protection ensures uniform dosing of the plant protection product and fertilizer. With the support of dissolved nutrients, a sufficiently rapid growth of the fungus is achieved and its efficiency is increased. The fertilizer according to the invention not only provides the plant nutrition but also the plant nutrition and plant protection with sufficient nutrition and plant protection. When applied in the soil synergistic effect of mineral nutrients and plant protection product, the fungus grows faster and thus creates a protective environment for the plant in the root ball. As a result, the required amount of plant protection product is reduced.

Materials that serve as a carrier for the applied biopreparations are involved in binding the released dissolved and not immediately consumed plant nutrients. At the same time, the consumption of mineral nutrients, which remain in the vegetation layer, is not saved by the rain into the lower layers of the soil and eventually is not washed up to the groundwater. These nutrients are gradually released as needed by the plants. The application of an industrial fertilizer improves plant health, which increases crop yields per hectare and reduces the cost of applying fungicides, insecticides and fertilizers. The use of the industrial fertilizer according to the invention is possible in any crop, especially in cereals, oilseeds, maize, root crops, but also in the preparation of soil substrates for the cultivation of flowers, ornamental trees and the like.

An industrial fertilizer that provides both plant nutrition and protection saves both farmers and fuel time.

Examples

1. 50 kg of ammonium nitrate with limestone containing 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N) of 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% finely ground limestone, surface-treated, is introduced into a mixer, while applying 20 g of octadecylamine diluted with oil while stirring. . The mixer is removed and 50 g of biofungicide containing spores of Trichoderma harzianum mixed with 50 g of kaolin used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic preparation into fertilizer granules.

2. 50 kg combined NPK fertilizer with 15% nitrogen: 15% phosphorus: 15% potassium (NPK 15:15:15) with 11% primary ammonium phosphate, 4% secondary ammonium phosphate, 17% ammonium chloride, 32% nitrate potassium, 10% ammonium nitrate, 12% primary calcium phosphate 3% calcium fluoride 8% calcium magnesium carbonate, surface-treated ► 0 0 ♦ ♦ 0 0 0

000 000

0000 00 ·

0 0 0 0 0 · 0 0 0 0

0 0 * 00000 ·

0 0 0 0 • 000 0 000 are added to the mixer, with 60g of oil-thinned alkyaryl sulfonate being applied with a fuser while stirring. The mixer is removed and 50 g of biological fungicide containing spores of Trichoderma harzianum mixed with 100 g of talc used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic preparation into fertilizer granules.

3. 50 kg of ammonium nitrate with limestone containing 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N) of 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% finely ground limestone, surface-treated, is introduced into a mixer and 30 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine is applied with a fuser. The mixer is removed and 250 g of a bioinsecticide containing conidia of the fungus Beauveria bassiana mixed with 50 g of finely ground limestone used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic preparation into fertilizer granules.

4. 50 kg combined fertilizer NPK of 15% nitrogen: 15% phosphorus: 15% potassium (NPK 15:15:15) of 11% primary ammonium phosphate, 4% secondary ammonium phosphate, 17% ammonium chloride, 32% nitrate Potassium phosphate, 10% ammonium nitrate, 12% primary calcium phosphate, 3% calcium fluoride, 8% calcium magnesium carbonate, surface treated, are introduced into a mixer and 28 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine are applied with a felt tip pens. The mixer is removed and 50 g of biofungicide containing spores of Trichoderma harzianum mixed with 80 g of kaolin used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic preparation into fertilizer granules. An additional 40g of oil diluted octadecylamine is added while stirring. The mixer is removed and 250 g of bioinsecticide containing conidia of Beauveria bassiana are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the next bio-formulation into fertilizer granules.

fcfc · * ·· fcfc · • * »· · ♦ • fc fcfc · fc fc fcfcfc fcfcfcfc fcfc fcfcfc · fcfcfc ♦ ·· · • fc fcfc fc fcfc · fc fcfc · fcfcfc

Industrial use

Examples of use:

1. Finely ground limestone with insecticide can be recommended in forestry, especially in areas affected by full-back, application as dust from airplanes at the time of development of full-backed caterpillar in tree tops. Another place of application is forest nurseries infected with pine clicker. However, finely ground insecticide limestone can also be used in other types of habitats and field crops.

2. In field crops, vineyards, hop gardens and orchards, NPK and LAV fertilizer combined with insecticide against pests having soil periods shall be used: grubby grubs, wireworms, glitter, potato moth, moth caterpillar, cherry propeller, apple sawfly and apple carnation.

3. In vegetable crops, in strawberry and ornamental trees, all three new types of fertilizers (finely ground limestone by Beauveria bassiana limestone, NPK and LAV combined fertilizer with insecticide) can be used to reduce the occurrence of lobe, wireworms and glitters. It is also possible to apply this new fertilizer in the preparation of prefabricated soil mixtures which are used in floriculture, potted ornamental plants, etc., including greenhouse applications.

4. Combined fertilizer NPK and LAV with fungicide can be used against fungal diseases transmissible in soil in cereals, rape, potatoes and the like.

Claims (5)

Patent claims 1. An industrial fertilizer providing both nutrition and plant protection, characterized in that it contains at least one nutrient selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur or calcium and organic plant protection products preferably in a concentration of 0.1 to 200 g / kg of nutrients. Industrial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant protection product is a fungicide and / or an insecticide. Industrial fertilizer according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the organic plant protection product consists of an inert carrier on which conidia of at least one species of Deuteromycetes selected from the group of fungi composed of the genera Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium are bound. Method for producing an industrial fertilizer according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface-treated nutrient-containing mineral fertilizer granules mentioned in claim 1 are sprayed with oil-diluted spraying agents selected from amines, preferably octadecylamine or alkyaryl sulfonates and then is coated with powder in which the organic product is mixed. A process for producing an industrial fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the powder is selected from the group consisting of kaolin or talc or finely ground limestone.