SK15482001A3 - Inorganic fertilizer containing a filamentous fungus, for feeding and protecting plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an inorganic fertilizer which provides both nourishment and protection for plants. Said fertilizer contains at least one nutrient from the group including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur or calcium as well as between 0.1 to 200 g/kg fertilizer of a biological preparation for plant protection. The biological preparation protects plants against disease and/or pests and consists of an inert carrier mixed with the conidia of at least one type of filamentous fungus chosen from the group comprising the geni Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium, which are contained in quantities of between 0.5 and 1.5 . 10<10> conidia per 1g of biological preparation. The above fertilizer is produced by spraying granules of inorganic fertilizers, which are usually surface-treated and contain at least one of the nutrients listed above, with coating substances which have been diluted with oil and chosen from the group including the amines and advantageously octadecylamine or alkylarylsulfonates. The granules are then coated with a powder to which a biological plant protecting preparation has been admixed. The powder is chosen from a group of substances which include kaolin, talc or finely ground limestone.

Description

Industrial fertilizer providing both nutrition and plant protection.

Technical field

The invention relates to mineral fertilizers combined with a microbial component.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, registered material fertilizers such as e.g. Ammonium nitrate limestone containing 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N), NPK combination 15-15-15, containing 12% nitrogen, 19% phosphorus and 19% potassium (NPK 12-19-19), ground limestone and Come.

From the published PV 1774-96 CZ it is known to use chemicals with pesticidal effects in a granule package, where the properties of the package ensure that the pesticide is gradually released and thus its effectiveness is prolonged. One of the possible variants of granules is also mineral fertilizer.

Pressures for increased environmental protection have led to the development of biological means of protection and improved plant health. One of them is the application of preparations based on air conidia of filamentous fungi, which have the ability by their life activity to suppress the development of harmful agents for plants. They may be fungi suppressing the development of pathogens e.g. Trichoderma, having activity against soil pathogenic fungi or fungi active against insect pests e.g. Beauveria, Metharhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium, capable of eradicating insects at various stages of development.

EP 0223662 A discloses a process for the preparation of a powder containing microorganisms, for example Trichoderma harzianum, Cellvibrio vulgaris, Bacilus Corynebacteriurn, which cause degradation of post-harvest plant residues in soil and soil. The powder comprises a mixture of microorganisms with kaolin. Kaolin is a filler and carrier for microorganisms.

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The -2FR 2695929 patent describes the preparation of microgranules containing live microorganisms and nutrients supporting the growth of these microorganisms. Microgranules contain aluminum minerals in combination with substances containing carbon and nitrogen, which serve as nutrition for microorganisms, support their growth and multiplication. These substances are intended exclusively for the nutrition and growth of microorganisms contained in granules.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,494 discloses a composition of artificial soil (substrate) for growing plants. This peat and mud-containing soil may also contain plant growth microorganisms but not acting as protection against fungi and harmful insects.

EP 0470287 ^A1 relates again up Biopřípravky granular containing micro-organisms of plant protection products. The granules are coated with a hydrophobic material.

These patents disclose the composition and treatment of preparations containing microorganisms acting as plant protection against pathogenic fungi and harmful insects. Some contain nutrients for microorganisms.

Organic preparations are normally applied alone during the vegetation period of plants. When applying these preparations, it is problematic to distribute the dose of the organic product into the soil substrate uniformly, since only 10 g of organic product / m ^{3 of} soil or 1 g of organic product / m ^{2 of} soil is usually dosed. Therefore, methods of applying these biologically active substances to the soil are being sought. Spraying, topping, incorporation into the substrate or application to the seed are currently used.

So far, the application of conidia of filamentous fungi to fertilizer has proven to be problematic due to the possibility of negatively influencing the living organism - air conidia by high concentration of nutrients in the granular fertilizer.

Separate application of fertilizers and organic products is time and economically demanding.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These disadvantages are overcome by an industrial fertilizer providing at the same time a plant nutrition and protection containing at least one plant nutrient selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur or calcium and a plant protection product according to the invention a plant protection product is an organic preparation consisting of an inert carrier on which conidia of at least one species of filamentous fungi from the group consisting of the genera Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium are bound in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5.10 ⁶ conidia per g of the preparation wherein the fertilizer comprises 0.1 to 200 g of organic preparation / kg of plant nutrients, preferably 0.1 to 20 g of organic preparation / kg of plant nutrients.

The conidia of these filamentous fungi have similar limits of resistance to external storage and application conditions. They differ in host specialization. The inert carrier is a substance selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica or zeolites.

The method of making the same is that the already produced mineral nutrient granules, commonly referred to as "mineral fertilizer", are surface treated by spraying with an oil diluted with amine or alkylarylsulfonate to form a protective film on the surface of the mineral fertilizer granules. Biopřípravky. This mixture is coated with the mineral fertilizer treated by spraying.

The fertilizer providing the plant nutrition and protection according to the invention is deposited in the soil in a vegetation layer readily accessible to the roots of the cultivated plants, in the zone of action of the phytopathogenic fungi and the soil stages of the insects. As the fertilizer granules dissolve in the soil, a nutrient gradient is formed around the granule, which promotes and accelerates the growth of simultaneously germinating conidia, filamentous fungi and growing mycelium. When applying a non-fertilizing organic product, germination of conidia and activation of mycelial growth is incomparably slower.

Growing mycelium is able to:

(a) protect the root system of the plant against pathogens, where the fungus chosen has a high affinity for the plant root system and is able to colonize progressively growing plants;

The plant's root system, providing protection throughout the growing season, is provided by the fungus occupying a site around the roots and thereby preventing the entry of the pathogenic fungus into this space. At the same time, this fungus has the ability to parasitize mycelium of pathogenic fungi.

(b) attack the present developmental stages of insects, which gradually consume them and, under appropriate conditions, then create airborne conidia which may serve to attack other developmental stages of insects - thereby ensuring protection over a long period of time.

Fungus supplements to fertilizers have no toxic or generally pathogenic implications. These are organisms that are commonly found in nature. In the digestive tract of vertebrates, conidia of fungi die.

The application of industrial fertilizer providing plant nutrition and plant protection ensures an even dosing of the plant protection product and fertilizer. With the support of dissolved nutrients, a sufficiently rapid growth of the fungus is achieved and its effectiveness is increased. At the same time, the fertilizer according to the invention provides nutrition and plant protection not only provides sufficient nutrition but also biological protection for the crops. When applied, the mineral nutrients and the plant protection product synergistically act in the soil, the fungus grows faster and creates a protective environment for the plant in the root ball. As a result, the required amount of plant protection product is reduced.

Materials that serve as carriers for the applied bio-formulations are involved in the binding of released dissolved and non-plant-consumed nutrients. At the same time, the consumption of mineral nutrients, which remain in the vegetation layer, is not saved by rainfall into the lower layers of the soil and eventually is not washed up to the groundwater. These nutrients are gradually released as needed by the plants. The application of industrial fertilizer improves plant health, which increases crop yields per hectare and reduces application costs of fungicides, insecticides and fertilizers. The use of the industrial fertilizer according to the invention is possible in any crop, especially in cereals, oilseeds, corn, root crops, but also in the preparation of soil substrates for the cultivation of flowers, ornamental trees and the like. An industrial fertilizer that simultaneously provides plant nutrition and protection saves farmers time and fuel.

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-5Examplification

Example 1 kg of ammonium limestone with 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N), consisting of 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% finely ground limestone surface treated, is placed in a mixer and 20 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine is applied with a marker. The mixer is removed and 50 g of the organic preparation containing the conidia of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum mixed with 50 g of kaolin used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to pack the organic fertilizer granules thoroughly.

Example 2 kg of a combined NPK fertilizer of 15% nitrogen: 15% phosphorus: 15% potassium (NPK 15:15:15) of 11% primary ammonium phosphate, 4% secondary ammonium phosphate, 17% ammonium chloride, 32% potassium nitrate 10% of ammonium nitrate, 12% of primary calcium phosphate, 3% of calcium fluoride, 8% of calcium magnesium carbonate, surface-treated, are placed in a mixer and 60 g of oil-diluted alkylarylsulphonate are applied with a fuser while stirring. The mixer is removed and 50 g of the organic preparation containing the conidia of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum mixed with 100 g of the paste used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic fertilizer granules.

Example 3 kg of ammonium lime with 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N) containing 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% finely ground limestone, coated, is placed in a mixer and 30 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine is applied with a marker. Stir the mixer, add 250 g of organic product containing conidia mushrooms.

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-6Beauveria bassiana mixed with 50 g of finely ground limestone, used for operational surface treatment. This mixture is. thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 min, to thoroughly pack the organic preparation for fertilizer granules.

Example 4 kg of NPK combined fertilizer. of 15% nitrogen: 15% phosphorus: 15% potassium (NPK 15:15:15) of 11% primary ammonium phosphate, 4% secondary ammonium phosphate, 17% ammonium chloride, 32% potassium nitrate, 10% ammonium nitrate, 12% of primary calcium phosphate 3% of calcium fluoride, 8% of calcium-magnesium carbonate, surface-treated, is placed in a mixer and 28 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine is applied with a marker with stirring. The mixer is removed and 50 g of the organic preparation containing the conidia of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum mixed with 80 g of kaolin used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic fertilizer granules. An additional 40 g of oil diluted octadecylamine is added with stirring. The mixer is removed and 250 g of the organic preparation containing conidia of the Beauveria bassiana mushroom are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack another bio-formulation for fertilizer granules.

Example 5 kg of ammonium lime with 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N) containing 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% finely ground limestone, coated, was placed in a mixer and 20 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine was applied with a marker. The mixer is removed and 50 g of the organic preparation containing conidia of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae mixed with 50 g of kaolin used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to pack the organic fertilizer granules thoroughly.

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-7Example 6 kg of NPK fertilizer of 15% nitrogen: 15% phosphorus: 15% potassium (NPK 15:15:15) of 11% primary ammonium phosphate, 4% secondary ammonium phosphate, 17% ammonium chloride, 32% nitrate Potassium phosphate, 10% ammonium nitrate, 12% primary calcium phosphate, 3% calcium fluoride, 8% calcium magnesium carbonate, surface-treated, are placed in a mixer, and 60 g of an oil-diluted alkylarylsulfonate is added with a fuser. The mixer is removed and 50 g of the organic preparation containing conidia of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae mixed with 100 g of the paste used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic fertilizer granules.

Example 7 kg of an ammonium lime with 27% nitrogen (LAV 27% N) containing 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% finely ground limestone, surface-treated, is placed in a mixer and 30 g of oil-diluted octadecylamine is applied with a marker. The mixer is removed and 250 g of the organic preparation containing the conidia of the fungus Paecilomyces farinosus mixed with 50 g of finely ground limestone used for the surface treatment are added. This mixture is thoroughly mixed for 10 to 20 minutes to thoroughly pack the organic fertilizer granules.

Industrial usability

Finely ground limestone with organic pest control can be recommended in forestry, especially in areas affected by flatulence, by application in the form of dust from aircraft at the time of development of flatulence in crown trees. Another place of application is forest nurseries attacked by hardwood spruce. However, finely ground limestone with an organic pest control product can also be used in other habitat types and field crops.

In field crops, in vineyards, hop gardens and orchards, the NPK and LAV combined fertilizer with a pest control during their stay r r

-8ν soil: beetle beetles, wireworms, biscuits, potatoe, butterfly caterpillar, cherry propeller, apple sawfly and apple wound.

All three new types of fertilizers (finely ground limestone with Beauveria bassiana conidia; combined NPK and LAV combined with pest control) can be used to reduce the occurrence of weeds, wires, and glitters in vegetable crops, horticulture and ornamental trees. It is also possible to apply this new fertilizer in the preparation of prefabricated soil mixtures which are used in floriculture, potted ornamental plants, etc. including cup applications.

. Combined fertilizer NPK and LAV with organic preparation for protection against diseases can be used against fungal diseases transmitted by soil in cereals, corn, rape, potatoes and the like.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS I 1. An industrial fertilizer providing at the same time nutrition and plant protection containing at least one plant nutrient selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur or calcium and a plant protection product, characterized in that the plant protection product is a bio-product consisting of an inert carrier on which conidia of at least one type of filamentous fungus are bound in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 x ^{10 6} conidia per g of organic preparation, wherein the fertilizer comprises 0.1 to 200 g of plant protection organic product per kg of plant nutrients. Industrial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant protection product providing the plant against diseases and / or pests comprises conidia of a fungal fungus selected from the group of fungi composed of the genera Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium. Industrial fertilizer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains 0.1 to 20 g of plant protection organic product per kg of plant nutrients. The fertilizer according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inert carrier is selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica or zeolites. A fertilizer according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the process for producing a fertilizer according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface-treated granules of the nutrient-containing mineral fertilizer mentioned in claim 1 are sprayed with oil-diluted spray substances selected from the group. amines, preferably octadecylamine or alkylarylsulfonates, and then coated with a powder in which the organic preparation is mixed. Industrial fertilizer according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the powder is selected from the group consisting of kaolin or talc or finely ground limestone.