CZ308529B6 - Tilling unit and method using strip-till technology - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of tilling soil by strip-till, in which the soil flying off the husk is caught on both sides when forming the furrow to make furrows on both sides of the furrow, after which the ridges are periodically folded into the furrow on short sections. This creates longitudinal cup-shaped formations along the length of the furrow to retain rainwater. The unit for tilling soil using this method has shifted behind each other against the direction of movement: at least one pair of finger wheels (5), a central cutter (6), a shank (7) interfering into cutter (6) a created gap, or vertical guiding (8) for applying seed and / or fertilizer and a pair of shaping discs (9). At the same time behind planar and parallel shaping disks (9) to define the ridges behind the shank (7) at the end of the unit there is a pair of rakes (10) or disks fastened by struts on the shoulder (11) mounted on the end of the unit pivoting about the horizontal axis (o) perpendicular to the driving direction and controlled by a hydraulic roller (12), the spacing of the rake blades (10) or disks corresponds to the pitch of ridges (13) specified by the shaped disks (9).

Description

Unit and method for tillage using strip-till technology

Field of technology

The invention relates to a method of tillage by strip-till technology and to agricultural implements intended to be hung on a tractor, which is adapted to tillage with this technology.

Prior art

Strip-till tillage is one of the most environmentally friendly technologies. The implement towed behind the tractor only processes the soil in narrow strips, ie breaks the soil profile to the set depth and width, partially incorporates organic residues and creates conditions for sowing and / or fertilizer application, leaving the field surface in the original condition between rows. The advantage is in particular the relatively small demands on the driving force of the traction means and thus on the fuel consumption, however, even in this case the necessary adjustment of the physical properties of the omica takes place.

As a rule, several units of this tractor-towed implement are used for tillage. Each unit has at least one pair of finger wheels arranged behind the direction of movement to remove crop residues, followed by two support wheels provided with cutting rings and a central coulter for cutting the soil profile. The joint, which has an adjustable depth of engagement, extends into the joint created by it. It lifts the soil and throws it slightly to the sides. Immediately after the husk is followed by a vertical guide for the application of seeds or granular or liquid fertilizers. This is followed by a pair of concave shaping discs, which return the soil scattered by the husk and thus create the final profile of the treated soil strip. The planes of the discs converge backwards. The last element of the tool at the end of the unit is a pair of finger splitter wheels resiliently pressed against the soil, which have the task of crushing clods and compacting loose soil. Such a unit is described at https://www.bw.cz/techagro/techagro-2018/grand-prix-techagro-silva-regina-a-biomasa2018/prihlasene-exponaty/30-eco-tiller-600-stroj- for-pass-processing-soils. A substantial reconstruction of this unit created a functional model of the device according to the invention.

A unit of similar construction is described, for example, in US 2011017481 (AI) or in CA 2639284 (AI).

The resulting relief, which remains in the field after passing the tractor to which the units described above are connected, shows low indistinct parallel ridges. The disadvantage of the soil surface treated in this way is that it can lead to the formation of a concentrated outflow in a part of the uninterrupted ridge, which reduces the retention capacity of the field, i.e. the ability to prevent the outflow of rainwater.

US 2011073332 A1 discloses a soil treatment disc extruded from sheet metal, which has chisels-shaped projections on the circumference with cutting edges which are interspersed with cylindrical surfaces. A pair of coaxially arranged chamfered discs roll along the soil in the row axis, with the protrusions pushing out a series of dimples in the soil connected by notches. This device, even when towed behind a furrow-making agricultural implement, does not affect the character of the furrow in any way. It only creates small dimples in the soil with limited rainwater absorption.

AU 696055 describes a cultivation device for connection behind a tractor. It consists of a non-driven drum mounted on a frame, provided with blades, which dig shallow longitudinal depressions in the soil between the rows on the sides. The depressions are formed in compacted unsoiled soil, which significantly affects their retention capacity.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tillage unit and a tillage method which significantly enhances the field's ability to retain rainwater.

- 1 CZ 308529 B6

The essence of the invention

This task is solved by a soil tillage unit which is arranged in the opposite direction: at least one pair of finger wheels, a central coulter, a coulter extending into the joint formed by the coulter, a possible vertical guide for seed and / or fertilizer application and a pair of forming discs. Its essence lies in the fact that behind planar and parallel shaping discs to define the ridges behind the skin, at the end of the unit there is a pair of rakes or discs mounted by struts on an arm mounted on the end of the unit pivotable about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of travel and controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. , the spacing of the rakes or discs corresponding to the spacing of the ridges defined by the shaping discs.

A compaction roller can be connected behind the forming discs to compact the soil that has slipped off the sides of the furrow.

The task is solved by a strip-till method of soil cultivation by this unit, in which plant residues located on the treated soil strip are moved or incorporated into the soil, the soil is cut in the travel line and an unstable furrow is created in the resulting joint. seed or fertilizer. The essence of this method lies in the fact that the soil flying off during the formation of the furrow on both sides is caught to form furrows on both sides of the furrow, after which the furrows are periodically rolled into furrows on short sections. This creates longitudinal cup-shaped formations along the length of the furrow to retain rainwater.

With the simultaneous application of the seed, the soil which has slid off the sides of the furrow is preferably compacted above the applied seed.

A pair of shaping discs in said configuration retain the soil, which spreads on both sides under the action of the husk, and thus forms grooves on both sides of the shallow furrow intended for the application of seed or fertilizer. The swinging arm carrying a pair of rake blades or discs, actuated by a hydraulic cylinder, is periodically tilted briefly to the lower position. The swath blades collect the soil from the ridges into the furrow in a short section and thus it is interrupted. The result is a series of bowl-shaped formations on the surface of the field, which ensure the accumulation of rainwater and thus provide it with a longer period of time needed for its infiltration, which significantly promotes water retention in the landscape.

Explanation of drawings

The invention will be further elucidated with the aid of the drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a tillage unit in axonometric projection, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of soil shaping by means of shaping discs and rake blades, the solid lines representing the course of the furrows. if the swath blades are in the working position and the dotted lines with the swath blades raised. Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the rows formed by three tillage units connected in parallel behind the tractor.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

The tillage unit according to Fig. 1 is formed by a base frame 1 adapted to be connected to a tractor frame. The frame j. Supported by a pair of support wheels 2 is provided with a hydraulic piston rod 3 with a pressure function and a hydraulic piston rod 4 with the function of protecting the working shell against overload. Two pairs of finger cleaning wheels 5 serve to remove plant residues from the soil web to be treated. Under the frame 1 there is a central coulter 6 with a diameter of 570 x 6 mm. On the part of the unit rotatably mounted on the frame 1, the inclination of which is controlled by the hydraulic piston rod 4, a shell 7 is mounted with the possibility of adjusting the depth of engagement. Immediately after the skin 7 follows a vertical guide 8 pro

- 2 CZ 308529 B6 application of seed, possibly granular or liquid fertilizers, and at the same time a pair of shaping discs 9. Thus, the soil tillage unit according to the invention corresponds to a known agricultural implement intended for tillage technology by strip-till technology. However, the configuration of the shaping discs 9, which are planar and parallel here, is different.

At the end of the unit there are a pair of rake blades 10. The rake blades 10 are mounted by means of struts on an arm 11 mounted at the end of the unit pivotable about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of travel. The movement of the arm 11 is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 12. The pitch of the rake blades 10 is chosen to correspond to the pitch of the ridges 13 defined by the shaping discs 9.

Especially when applying the sowing machine, it is advantageous to include a compaction roller 14 behind the pair of shaping discs 9, which compacts the soil, which slides onto the seed from the furrow sides. This ensures that the seed is covered.

As the unit passes, the finger wheels 5 move the plant residues out of the row to be processed. The central coulter 6 forms a deep gap in the soil, into which the husk 7 engages. A pair of shaping discs 9 catch the soil flying away from the husk 7 and leave behind a shallow furrow for seed or fertilizer application lined on both sides by furrows 13. A swinging arm 11 the pair of rake blades 10 actuated by the hydraulic cylinder 12 is periodically tilted to the lower position for a moment. The rake blades 10 sink into the soil and collect the soil from the ridges 13 into the furrow in a short section, thus interrupting it. The result is a series of cup-shaped formations 15 on the surface of the field, which ensure the accumulation and, however, of rainwater and prevent its outflow.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS A tillage unit which is arranged in a row opposite the direction of movement: at least one pair of finger wheels (5), a central coulter (6), a skin (7) extending into the joint formed by the coulter (6), possibly a vertical guide (8) for the application of seed and / or fertilizer and a pair of shaping discs (9), characterized in that a pair of swathing coulters (10) is arranged at the end of the unit behind the planar and parallel shaping discs (9) to define the ridges behind the husk (7) or discs mounted by means of struts on an arm (11) mounted at the end of the unit pivotable about a horizontal axis (o) perpendicular to the direction of travel and controlled by a hydraulic cylinder (12), the spacing of the rakes (10) or discs corresponding to the spacing of the ridges (13) disks (9). Tillage unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that a compaction roller (14) is connected behind the shaping discs (9) to compact the soil which has slid off the sides of the furrow. The strip-till soil treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the plant residues present on the treated soil strip are displaced or incorporated into the soil, the soil is cut in the travel line and an unstable furrow is formed in the resulting joint. optionally applying seed and / or fertilizer, characterized in that the soil leaving the furrow on both sides is caught to form furrows on both sides of the furrow, after which the furrows are periodically folded into furrows on short sections, thus forming longitudinal cup-shaped along the furrow length. rainwater retention units. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the soil which has slid off the sides of the furrow is compacted over the applied seed.