CZ201966A3 - Method and unit for processing soil using strip-till technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A strip-till method of tillage in which the soil flying off the husk is caught on both sides to form furrows on both sides of the furrow when forming a furrow, after which the furrows are periodically folded into furrows along short sections. rainwater retention. The soil tillage unit is arranged in the opposite direction: at least one pair of finger wheels (5), a central coulter (6), a skin (7) extending into the joint formed by the coulter (6), or a vertical guide (8) for application seeds and / or fertilizers and a pair of shaping discs (9). Behind the planar and parallel shaping discs (9) to define the ridges behind the skin (7), a pair of raking blades (10) or discs are mounted at the end of the unit or mounted by means of struts on an arm (11) mounted pivotally about the horizontal axis (o). perpendicular to the direction of travel and controlled by the hydraulic cylinder (12), the spacing of the rakes (10) or discs corresponding to the spacing of the ridges (13) defined by the shaping discs (9).

Description

Method and unit for tillage using strip-till technology

Field of technology

The invention relates to methods of tillage with strip-till technology and to agricultural implements intended to be hung on a tractor which is adapted to tillage with this technology.

Prior art

Strip-till tillage is a soil-friendly technology. The implement towed behind the tractor only cultivates the soil in narrow strips, ie breaks the soil profile to the set depth and width, partially incorporates organic residues and creates conditions for sowing and / or fertilizer application, leaving the field surface in the original condition between rows. The advantage is in particular the relatively small demands on the driving force of the traction means and thus on the fuel consumption, however, even in this case the necessary adjustment of the physical properties of the omica takes place.

As a rule, several units of this tractor-towed implement are used for tillage. Each unit has at least one pair of finger wheels arranged behind the direction of movement to remove crop residues, followed by two support wheels provided with cutting rings and a central coulter for cutting the soil profile. The joint, which has an adjustable depth of engagement, extends into the joint created by it. It lifts the soil and throws it more gently to the sides. Immediately after the husk is followed by a vertical guide for the application of seeds or granular or liquid fertilizers. This is followed by a pair of concave shaping discs, which return the soil scattered by the husk and thus create the final profile of the treated soil strip. The planes of the disc converge backwards. The last element of the tool at the end of the unit is a pair of sorting wheels resiliently pressed against the soil, which have the task of crushing clods and compacting loose soil.

A unit of similar construction is described, for example, in US 2011017481 (AI) or in CA 2639284 (AI).

The resulting relief, which remains in the field after passing the tractor to which the units described above are connected, shows low indistinct parallel ridges. The disadvantage of the soil surface treated in this way is that it can lead to the formation of a concentrated runoff in a part of the uninterrupted ridge, which reduces the retention capacity of the field, i.e. the ability to prevent runoff of rainwater.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of tillage and a tillage unit which significantly enhances the field's ability to retain rainwater.

The essence of the invention

This task is solved by a strip-till method of soil treatment, in which plant residues located on the treated soil strip are moved or incorporated into the soil, the soil is cut in the travel line and an unstable furrow is created in the resulting joint, into which seed is possibly applied. or fertilizer. The essence of this method lies in the fact that the soil flying off during the formation of the furrow on both sides is caught to form a ridge on both sides of the furrow, after which it is periodically folded into the furrow on short sections of the furrow. This creates longitudinal cup-shaped formations along the length of the furrow to retain rainwater.

With simultaneous seed application, the soil that has slid off the side of the furrow is preferably compacted above the applied seed.

The soil tillage unit is arranged in the following order:

- 1 CZ 2019 - 66 A3 at least one pair of finger wheels. a central coulter, a skin extending into the joint formed by the coulter, a possible vertical guide for the application of seed and / or fertilizer, and a pair of shaping discs. Its essence lies in the fact that behind planar and parallel shaping discs to define the ridges behind the skin, at the end of the unit there is a pair of rakes or discs mounted by struts on an arm mounted at the end of the unit pivotable about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of travel and controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. wherein the spacing of the rakes or discs corresponds to the spacing of the ridges defined by the forming discs

A compaction roller can be connected behind the forming discs to compact the soil that has slipped off the side of the furrow.

A pair of shaping discs in said configuration retain the soil, which spreads on both sides under the action of the husk, thus forming grooves on both sides of the shallow furrow intended for the application of seed or fertilizer. The swinging arm carrying a pair of rake blades or discs, actuated by a hydraulic cylinder, is periodically tilted briefly to the lower position. On a short section, the swath blades collect the soil from the coarse into the furrow and thus interrupt it. The result is a series of bowl-shaped formations on the surface of the field, which ensure the accumulation of rainwater and thus provide it with a longer period of time needed for its infiltration, which significantly supports water retention in the landscape.

Explanation of drawings

The invention will be further elucidated with the aid of the drawing, in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a tillage unit, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of soil shaping by means of shaping discs and rake blades, the solid lines when the swath blades are in the working position and the dotted lines with the swath blades raised. Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the rows formed by three tillage units connected in parallel behind the tractor.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

The tillage unit according to Fig. 1 is formed by a base frame 1 adapted to be connected to a tractor frame. The frame j. Supported by a pair of support wheels 2 is provided with a hydraulic piston rod 3 with a pressure function and a hydraulic piston rod 4 with the function of protecting the working shell against overload. Two pairs of finger cleaning wheels 5 serve to remove plant residues from the soil web to be treated. Under the frame j. There is a central coulter 6 with diameters of 570 x 6 mm. On the part of the unit rotatably mounted on the frame 1, the inclination of which is controlled by the hydraulic piston rod 4, a shell 7 is mounted with the possibility of adjusting the depth of engagement. Immediately after the husk 7 there is a vertical guide 8 for the application of seeds or granular or liquid fertilizers, as well as a pair of shaping discs 9. Thus, the soil tillage unit according to the invention corresponds to known agricultural tillage implements. However, the configuration of the shaping discs 9, which are planar and parallel here, is different.

At the end of the unit there are a pair of rake blades 10. The rake blades 10 are mounted by means of struts on an arm 11 mounted at the end of the unit pivotable about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of travel. The movement of the arm 11 is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 12. The spacing of the rake blades 10 is chosen to correspond to the spacing of the ridges 13 defined by the shaping discs 9.

Especially when applying the sowing machine, it is advantageous to include a compaction roller 14 behind the pair of shaping discs 9, which compacts the soil, which slides onto the seed from the side of the furrow. This ensures that the seed is covered.

As the unit passes, the finger wheels 5 move the plant residues out of the row to be processed. The central coulter 6 forms a deep gap in the soil, into which the husks 7 engage. A pair of shaping discs 9 catches the soil flying away from the husks 7, leaving behind a shallow furrow intended for application.

- 2 EN 2019 - 66 A3 seeds or fertilizers, lined on both sides with ridges 13. The swinging arm 11 carrying a pair of rake blades 10 set in motion by the hydraulic cylinder 12 is periodically tilted to the lower position for a moment. The rake blades 10 sink into the soil and collect the soil from the ridges 13 into the furrow in a short section, thus interrupting it. The result is a series of cup-shaped formations 15 5 on the surface of the field, which ensure the accumulation and however of rainwater and prevent its outflow.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method of tillage using strip-till technology, in which plant residues present on the treated soil strip are displaced or incorporated into the soil, the soil is cut in the travel line and an unstable furrow is formed in the resulting joint, into which seed is optionally applied, and / or a fertilizer, characterized in that the soil leaving the furrow on both sides is caught to form furrows on both sides of the furrow, after which they are periodically rolled into furrows on short sections, thus forming longitudinal cup-shaped formations along the furrow length to retain precipitation. water. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil which has slid off the side of the furrow is compacted over the applied seed. The tillage unit according to claim 1, which has at least one pair of finger wheels (5) arranged behind it in the opposite direction, a central coulter (6), a skin (7) engaging the coulter (6) formed by the coulter (6), or a vertical guide. (8) for the application of seed and / or fertilizer and a pair of shaping discs (9), characterized in that a pair of swathing discs (9) is arranged behind the planar and parallel shaping discs (9) to define the ridges behind the skin (7). blades (10) or discs mounted by means of struts on an arm (11) mounted at the end of the unit pivotable about a horizontal axis (o) perpendicular to the direction of travel and controlled by a hydraulic cylinder (12), the pitch of the rake blades (10) or discs corresponding to the pitch 13) delimited by shaping disks (9). Tillage unit according to Claim 3, characterized in that a compaction roller (14) is connected behind the shaping discs (9) to compact the soil which has slid off the side of the furrow.