CZ296615B6 - Wagon for transportation of abnormal loads, particularly road vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, there is disclosed a wagon for transporting abnormal loads, particularly road vehicles comprising a bend and torsion rigid platform /1/ for transportation of loads, which platform /1/ is at least at one end attached to a wagon bogie /3/ through the mediation of at least one lever /2/, whereby the platform /1/ and the levers /2/ move approximately planar between transportation position and load handling position and the lever /2/ is coupled with the platform /1/ by at the most two pivoted couplings /4/ or rotary slidable couplings /4/ being disposed on the platform /1/ face, whereby when there is only one coupling it is disposed approximately amid the platform /1/ face and is optionally disengagable, and when there are two couplings they are disengagable and disposed close to corners of the platform /1/ face, and the other end of the lever /2/ is coupled by means of at least one rotatable or rotatable slidable coupling with the wagon bogie /3/ or with another lever /2/, the platform /1/ or another part being coupled with at least one wagon axle, whereby the lever /2/ length is constant or variable and the lever /2/ and/or the platform /1/ is provided with eyes /23/ for attachment of a road vehicle and/or handles /34/ and/or hand- or external source-driven mechanical or another swivel means, by means of which the lever /2/ or the platform /1/ is coupled with the bogie /3/, the lever /2/, the platform /1/, the wagon axle or can be coupled with another object disposed outside the wagon.

Description

Railway wagon for the transport of bulky goods, especially road vehicles

Technical field

The invention relates to a structural design of a railway carriage for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles or combinations thereof, in the context of combined road-rail transport.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The attempt to shift at least part of road haulage to rail is currently limited by the loss of time and flexibility in this mode of transport compared to pure road transport. Loss of time occurs when vehicles or trains are transhipped from road to rail and back, and are largely due to the need to wait for the departure of special trains designed for that purpose only and the lengthy loading and unloading of vehicles or their trains to and from these trains. The loss of elasticity is due to the necessity of equipping the end stations of such transport with special loading and unloading means such as ramps, gantry cranes, etc., which are expensive and therefore only a few stations can be produced to which the combined transport is subsequently limited. There are attempts to overcome these limitations. The solution from Lohr according to FR 2,819,471 permits the loading and unloading of all wagons in a set at the same time, or each wagon separately, and such a wagon can also be included in a conventional set of different types of wagons. However, it is still necessary to equip the station with a special device, a track for the rotation of the load platform. The solution of DE 196 0 674 uses wagons with cross conveyors, but this solution is complex and expensive. The difficulty in proposing a technical solution to this problem is that, due to the standards given by the gauge of the rail gauge, the space for the special superstructure of such a wagon is very limited. From this overview it follows that the requirements for a wagon for the most flexible combined transport are the possibility to include such a wagon in any train without restrictions or demands on surrounding wagons, the possibility of unloading and loading without any demands on station equipment and simplicity and low cost the fastest extension of such wagons and their trouble-free operation even by briefly trained personnel. The wagon should also have large diameter wheels so that it can reach high speeds on speed lines in the future. Apparently closest to this aim is the solution of EP 0 672 566, which comprises an embodiment for a single car, simple in principle, but its versatility is insufficient, since it only allows one direction of rotation of the load platform from the transport position to the load handling position. which may cause space problems at some stations, where neither the drive of the platform rotation nor the maintenance of a constant distance of the couplers is further discussed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A wagon comprising a flexurally and torsionally rigid load carrying platform which is connected at least at one end to the carriage of the wagon by means of at least one lever, said platform and levers being movable approximately flatly between the transporting and cargo handling positions and the lever being connected to the platform by a maximum of two pivoting or pivotable linkages located on the platform face, where one is located approximately at the center of the platform face and possibly detachable if two are detachable and located at the corners of the platform face, and the other end of the lever being connected by at least one pivotal or pivotable linkage, fixed or detachable, to the wagon undercarriage or to another lever, platform or other part connected to at least one axle of the wagon, the lever length being fixed or variable and lever and / or platform is equipped with lugs for road connections his vehicle and / or handles and / or manually or by an external source driven mechanical swiveling or other means through which the lever or platform is connected to the bogie, lever, platform, wagon axle or connectable to the object outside the wagon.

-1 CZ 296615 B6

By turning a lever or levers, manual or motorized, for which a road tractor ready to take over the semi-trailer or the transported vehicle may be used, the platform of such a loading and unloading car may be deflected in a horizontal plane from its driving position. If the levers are at both ends of the platform, both can be deflected, on opposite sides, for loading or unloading a plurality of vehicles on several wagons at once, or on the same side, for loading and unloading when the loaded vehicle or combination is being driven. When the lever is at one end or one of the levers is not used, only one end of the platform is deflected, for example when there is an obstacle on the other side preventing it from being used for loading or unloading, eg other stamp, wall etc., or if structural or spatial reasons do not allow the use of the deflection of both ends to the same side.

If the releasable linkage, which is the only one or both of the pairs at the end of the lever, can be completely detached from the chassis at that end and then rotated as needed to a perpendicular position and used for loading and unloading railroad crossings. Without turning off the platform, this rotation can be achieved with a specially designed wagon.

Due to the necessity of bringing the parts of the wagon to its original positions after loading or unloading the load and securing the platform in the transport position, it is advisable to equip the wagon further with devices to ensure a constant distance of couplers, even when axial forces are applied to the wagon. These may be the platform rotation mechanism specially adapted, for example, by interconnecting the lever rotation with changing its length. Another possibility is a rod connecting the bogies, which can be in the transport state inside the transverse contour of the platform and extendable downwards in order not to limit the movements of the platform. Other means are rail brakes on each bogie, coupling or axle of the wagon replacement, means for blocking the rotation of the lever or levers and / or blocking the displacement in a rotationally sliding relationship or changing the length of the lever.

If the wagon is not so arranged or equipped and / or if the means are out of order at the time, the connection of another wagon to the train may result from an impact when connected to the approach of the wagon bogies and thereby prevent the platform and lever or levers position, that is, the impossibility of securing them in the transport position without pulling one of the bogies / ends of the train by the locomotive.

When loading and unloading takes place on one and the same side of the train, it is appropriate that the platform can be pushed to the same side with both ends. In this case, however, the center of gravity of the load platform is outside the track limited by the rails. In order to prevent the wagon from tipping over the rail closer to the platform and subsequently leaning the platform against the surrounding terrain without further movement, it is advisable to equip the platform and / or the bogies with at least one rigid, folding, extendable or unscrewable support leg. This also applies to other platform configurations when loading or unloading vehicles or trains at the stage where their center of gravity is outside the track. The supports may be designed to support the terrain and / or rails. It is also advisable to equip the bogies with hinged or retractable stops to prevent the wheels of the railcar from slipping when the wagon is tilted.

Considering the standards of the gauge, it is clear that the platform will be very low above the terrain. Nevertheless, in order to bridge the height difference between the platform and, in particular, the untreated surrounding terrain, which difference may be unacceptable from the point of view of the construction of the vehicles being transported, it is advisable to provide the platform with at least one folding, swivel or retractable entry ramp. facilitating the ramp. For example, torsion bars can be used in the attachment of the folding ramps to facilitate tilting.

If, for some reason, the wagon is not equipped with ramps, at least one of the pivotable or pivotable linkages on the levers may be modified such that it is tiltable about an axis approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the platform and horizontal, and / or pivotally sliding linkages on levers rotatable and roughly vertically sliding.

-2GB 296615 B6

The platform is then tilted as a whole by raising or lowering one of the ends, both ends, and / or tilting the at least two sections of the wagon together.

For easier handling of transported vehicles, especially when the ends of the platform are misaligned on the opposite side or when only one end is misaligned, if there is not enough space to drive vehicles directly, it is advisable to equip the platform with and a swivel wheel about a roughly vertical axis and optionally equipped with a ramp.

Auxiliary cargo area is used especially when loading semi-trailers. Upon approaching the auxiliary surface, the trailer wheels will be blocked, eg by stops, and the tractor will move the surface onto the platform, eliminating the complicated and time-consuming approach and direction of the tractor to properly steer the trailer and wear the tires by skidding on the platform guides not quite accurate. It will be even easier and quicker to drive vehicles to the auxiliary area if the auxiliary area is equipped with an access ramp, which can be expanded laterally.

Stages designed especially for the transport of semi-trailers may be equipped with a movably mounted fifth wheel coupling pin of a semi-trailer similar to the standard fifth wheel of a road tractor. The surface of this fifth wheel is adjustable by mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric means, which are driven manually, by an external source or by a road vehicle. The fifth wheel can be attached to the wagon as well as removable and can be adapted to be attached to the road tractor.

The support of the semi-trailer against the axles and the pin is advantageous in terms of reducing the bending stress of the platform while driving. Especially with the combination of the abutment and the suitable arrangement of the abutments for loading and unloading, a considerable reduction of the bending moment peaks and thus the platform weight can be achieved.

In particular, for the carriage of semi-trailers, the wagon may be equipped with an auxiliary carriage with a space for supporting the semitrailer and / or equipped with a fifth wheel coupling pin. The trolley is transportable on a wagon and capable of moving down and moving on the surrounding terrain or on auxiliary ramps.

When the platform and thus the semi-trailer are rotated, the truck moves to the position intended for it, moving mainly transverse to the direction of travel of the wagon. It is therefore necessary to ensure its descent from the wagon, apparently by means of folding ramps, leveling of uneven terrain by binding vertical wheel movements and detection against descent from the wagon while the train is running, preferably by mechanical barriers. To allow the truck to move on rough ground, ramps could be used on the wagon.

If the design of the semi-trailer allows this, it is preferable that the wagon be divided into an axle-transporting part and a transporting part of the support legs of the semi-trailer or the pin of the semi-trailer, which is connected to the former by a rigid lever to prevent tilting during braking.

With a suitable arrangement of the levers and the platform, for example using the platform supports to support the platform during loading and unloading on the chassis and / or rails, the weight of the platform and thus of the wagon as a whole can be considerably reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figures Ia to 1f show a wagon with single levers at the ends of the platform rotatably connected, Figures 2a to 2f with a platform attached to the lever by a constant distance coupling mechanism, Figures 3a to 3f show a wagon with a platform attached to forked levers on both 4a to 4f with the platform connected to the single levers at both ends by sliding linkages, in FIGS. 5a to 5f there are double levers at both ends of the platform. The extension platform for ease of loading is shown in Fig. 6a. 1 to 6i. 7a to 7g and 8 to 8h are examples of short platforms, and in Figs. 9a to 9d.3 the platform is tiltable. Giant. 10a to 10d show a wagon with levers

Figs. 11a to 11d are two-axle wagons with a platform detachable from the axles, and Figs. 12a to 12f.2 a wagon with a platform detachable from the bogies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The wagon according to FIGS. 1a and 1b consists of a bending and torsion-rigid platform 1 connected at both ends by pivoting linkages 4 with a vertical axis of rotation with bending-rigid levers 2 which are connected to bogies 3 at one end of the wagon by a pivoting linkage 4. The wagons closer to the load can be lifted by handles 34, and on the chassis of the support legs 12, and are at the other end horizontally displaceable in the body 41 via the support rollers 38 by a pivoting coupling 4 with a vertical pivot axis mounted on the chassis. reinforcing beams 48, which are not drawn for the sake of clarity of this and other figures, with the exception of FIG. 6.

In the transport position, the sliding lever 2 is secured by a pin 10, which is a body 41, a coupler 2 and a lever 2 and arms 43 according to FIG. 1a. The platform 1 is equipped with a transversely extending support unit according to FIG. , in the transport state inserted into the cutout 40 and after being retracted according to the difference between the heights of the platform 1 and the terrain, the heights h1 and h2 in detail D in FIG. The bogies 3 are provided with stops 14 with latches 45, which, according to FIG. On the sliding lever 2, ramps 15 and removable ramps 15 are mounted. At the ends of platform 1, ramps 15 are provided. At the ends of platform 1, ramps 15 and sliding levers 2 are supported on platform 1 and displaceable arms 43 and rotatably mounted at the other end. axes and adapted to connect the ramp 15 with the wheels 13, carried on the platform 1. Furthermore, as seen from section EE in Fig. 1f, at the edges of the platform 1 of the eye 23 for the hand tilt handle 34 or the pin 8, or a rod 33 with a road vehicle. On the chassis 3 at the sliding lever 2 is carried a ramp 15 for the wheel 13 of the support unit. In Fig. 1b, the positions of the ends of the platform 1 and the ramps 15 when one, the other or both of its ends are tilted are depicted.

In FIG. 2a, the platform 1 is provided on each side with a tilting support leg 12, shown in detail in section BB in FIG. 2e, equipped with a traveling wheel 13, mounted on the platform 1 by a rotational linkage 4 with a horizontal axis of rotation and equipped with a stop 14 12, which is supported by the pin 8 in the positions of the transport and loading leg 12. To this end of the platform 1, two parts of the ramp 15 are connected by cross-joints 27 and a lever 2 is pivoted 4. The other end of the platform 1 is connected by a pivot 4 to the second bogie 3. The lever 2 consists of a cranked part. connected rods 28 with grooves and extendable protrusions 30 according to detail B of Fig. 2d. 1 and a tube 29 with internal screw grooves and inwardly retractable projections 30 according to detail C in FIG. 2d.2. The grooves on both parts have variable pitch. The tube 29 is rotatably mounted on the bogie 3 about a vertical axis. Further, as shown in Fig. 2c, a tapered segment 22 threaded on a vertical pin 8 of the bogie 3 is connectable by a pin 10 vertically sliding into the holes 9 in the tapered segment 22 and lug 23 on the pin 8, with this pin 8. This eye 23 is attached to the pin 8 by a pivotal coupling 4 with a vertical axis of rotation and is angularly adjustable in a horizontal plane by a screw 19 with a nut 20 mounted on this pin 8 and The cone segment 22 engages a conical pinion 21 coupled to a gear 32 that engages a pinion 31 slidably mounted along an axis, lying non-rotatably on the bar 28, according to detail A in Figure 2f. .

If the segment 22 and the eye 23 are not connected by the pin 10, the segment 22 is freely rotatable about the vertical pin 8 of the bogie 3. This is necessary since the rod 28 does not rotate relative to the crankshaft 2 and hence the conical pinion 21. 22 relative to the pin 8 given by the rotation of the platform 1 relative to the bogie 3. The angular adjustment of the eye 23 allows the segment 22 to be connected to the pin 8 at any rotation of the platform 1 relative to the bogie 3 given the radius of the track. After this connection, the handle 34 can be rotated by the rod 28 and hence by the pinion 31, thereby pivoting the lever 2 about the axis of the vertical pin 8 while sliding the rod 28 out of the tube 29, provided that the slope pitch pattern is appropriately selected.

The distance between the bogies 3 and hence the couplers 7 remains constant during the pivoting of the lever 2. Deciding whether to engage the projections 30 on the rod 28 and the grooves v Depending on the direction of rotation of the lever 2 and hence the tilting of the platform L, these grooves can be on a single surface for both directions of rotation. Then the correct projections 30 are inserted into the holes 9 at the groove crossing. Combinations of these two embodiments are projections 30 embedded in the holes 9 at the groove crossing. The combination of these two embodiments gives four possibilities. These apply if such units are at both ends of the platform 1, where one end is first tipped and then the other. Thus, the groove curves are generally different.

In FIGS. 3a to 3f, the platform 1 is connected at both ends by two releasable pivoting links 4 to a lever 2 rotatably mounted on the chassis 3. All pivoting links 4 have vertical axes of rotation. The platform 1 is equipped with supports with traveling wheels 13 placed in the transverse stiffeners and tilted around the axes horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of travel according to Fig. 3d, view towards B. The chassis 3 of the technical embodiment according to Fig. 3b, view towards A have extending the platform 1 by tilting both ends of the platform 1 to the same side, the vertical pins 8 mounted on the chassis 3 not directly but by means of a traveling sliding linkage with a rack 50 and a pinion 31. In detail C in Fig. 3c. 1, the node is in the transport state and in FIG. 3c.2 in the shifted state. The levers 2 are provided with lugs 23 for the handles 34 and are lockable on the chassis 3 in the cargo handling positions. The ends of the platform 1 are provided with tilting ramps 15 attached to the platform 1 by pivoting links 4 and axes horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of travel. Auxiliary surface 16 is also drawn on the platform 1 for easier loading of the load.

FIG. 3b. Figures 1, 3b.2 and 3b.3 are the platform deployment diagrams J.

The diagram in Fig. 3b. 1, the tilting is opposite. Here, the rotary open links R are pivoted and first the left end of the wagon is tilted and the movements of the open links F are shown at both ends by the first two arrows. The end of the lever 2 with the uncoupled link R at the opposite end of the wagon is pushed into the platform 1. The intermediate position of the platform 1 with the greatest engagement and the end of the lever 2 is also shown. The third arrows show the movements of the open links F when the second end of the platform 1 is tilted.

The diagram in Fig. 3b.2 is the tipping of one end. It is like a swivel according to the previous scheme, but without the second phase. The difference of the position of the lever 2 on the unfolded end of the platform 1 from the transport position is given by the requirement that the free arm of the lever 2 on the unfolded end does not interfere with the approach of vehicles.

The diagram of Fig. 3b.3 is the DC tilting. The uncoupling of the linkage R is on the same side, one end is tilted first, then the other and finally the vertical bogies 8 of the bogies 3 are approached together. This results in moving the platform 1 off the passage profile of the other wagons and so rotating the free ends of the levers 2 cargo handling.

3b.2 and 3f are diagrams of the rotation of the lever 2 of the rods 33 connected to the lever 2 and to the vehicle. In Fig. 3e there is a platform 1 of the tub type, wherein the forked levers 2 are straight, thus easier to manufacture.

Figures 4a to 4f show a wagon in which the platform 1 and the bogies 3 are connected by various kinds of sliding linkages, and also handles 34, this time associated with the gears, are shown, frontal in Figures 4a and 4b the bogie 3 on the left 4e to 4f, in which detail A is shown. On platform 1, the fifth wheel pin 17 of the semi-trailer is operated by a cable L according to FIG. 4d. For the shown tanker semi-trailer, or for another one whose shape also allows it to be moved upwards in the passageway profile, the wagon can be supplemented with a rod 33 located below the platform 1 and coupled to the bogies 3 with cross joints 27. levers 2 and bogies 3 of the spacer 41 of FIG. 4c.

-5 CZ 296615 B6

Figures 5a to 5f show a wagon similar to that of Figures 3a to 3f but with intermediate levers

These are connectable at both ends to both the platform 1 and the forked levers 2 by detachable pivoting links 4. The technical design of the additional attachment of the intermediate levers 2 is shown in Fig. 5c. The intermediate lever 2 is connected to the lugs 23 by pivotal links 4 with vertical axes, one of which is mounted on the platform 1 and the other, two-piece, on the arm of the conventional fork 2.

Compared to the version without intermediate levers 2, their use allows the following operations.

In the tilting of the platform 1 according to the diagram in Fig. 5b. 1 will allow a greater angle of tilting of the platform 1 to be achieved, and thus will be able to be used for reloading freight from road to rail, and vice versa, to less frequent ordinary level crossings if the sharp angle of the road and rail at these crossings is not too large.

In the tilting of the platform 1 according to the diagram in Fig. 5b.2, it also allows to achieve a greater angle of tilting of the platform 1, moreover, it is not necessary to disconnect the rotary linkages 4 at both ends of the platform 1 and thus accelerate handling.

By tilting the platform 1 according to the diagram in Fig. 5b.3, it allows to achieve a larger unloading of the platform 1, which can be used to reload the platform 1 from one track to another, for example to bogies 3 of different gauge.

FIG. 1, 5b and 5e show a version with a rod 33, this time in a transport condition stored in a recess in the platform 1 and to allow the platform 1 to swivel downwards, and to use a wagon to transport another combination used in road transport, trailer and demountable superstructure. The necessary longer length of the platform 1 is achieved by removing the ramps 15 which are carried on the platform 1 for opposite mounting if necessary. Fig. 5f is a sketch of the use of the removable fifth wheel pin 17 of the road tractor trailer.

When detaching / attaching to the tractor, the fifth wheel 17 is supported by four support legs 12. Since the two fronts may not fit into the bottom of the clearance profile, as they protrude on the sides, they may be supplemented by two more fronts in the middle and then removed.

FIGS. 1 to 6i show a wagon with an auxiliary surface 16 for facilitating the loading of a load, in particular the approach of a road trailer to a wagon. Figure 6a illustrates a situation where the semi-trailer does not reach the maximum height required by regulations and can thus remain on the auxiliary area 16 while driving. Figure 6a. Figures 1 to 6a.3 show the phases of sliding of the auxiliary surface 16 from the platform 1, equipped with a non-movable support leg 12 and a ramp 15. The auxiliary surface 16 is provided with a tilting ramp 15 and is provided with a cargo platform 1 rotatably and vertically movably attached to the trolley 24; connected by two rods 33 to guide in the direction of travel to the platform 1 of the wagon. The bars 33 are connected according to FIGS. 6d and 6f.2 by pivotal links 4 with axes horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of travel together with the carriage 24 and with the stone 6 of the guide surface guide 16, the angle of inclination of the bars 33 relative to each other. It consists of strips 35 mounted removably on the central longitudinal beam of the freight platform 1 of the wagon, whose lattice reinforcing beams 48 must be hinged as shown in Fig. 6b to allow rotation of the cargo surface 16. The carriage 24 is, according to FIGS. 6a.2, 6g and 6h, equipped with four pairs of castors 13, one pair at the ends and two in the middle, a pair of telescopic support rollers 38 at each end and a body 41 which is a member of the pivot linkage. and the carriage 24. This body 41 is supported by two pairs of levers 2 symmetrical about the plane of symmetry of the carriage 24, each two on the same side of the carriage 24 being connected by a rod 33 over their vertical arms, the body 41 being supported on the horizontal arms. According to Fig. 6i, these levers 2 are mounted on the carriage 24 by rotary linkages 4 with axes horizontal and perpendicular to the wagon travel direction and in the levers 2 the grooved holes 9 are coaxial with these linkages 4 into which the spline shafts 42 are retractable. the crank 36 and the two protrusions 30 and the second protrusion 30, and furthermore, there are notches 40 for latches 45 on the shafts 42. For the two protrusions 30 on the shafts 42 located close to the cranks 36, flush and two loose tips. At the end of the shafts 42, the shaft 42 engages the eye 23 on the lever 2, which is connected by the rods 33 and the intermediate levers 2, with the extendable support rollers 38, also with the cranks 36. they can be engaged with the slides 5 mounted on the upper surface of the transverse stiffener of the wagon platform 1. The platform 1 of the auxiliary surface 16 is provided with openings 9 for accommodating the trailer wheel stops 14 by means of two pairs for three axles and three pairs for two, and cutouts 40 for the passage of cranks 36, ribs 37 for support rollers 38 and disc 39. a pivot member between the platform 1 and the carriage 2.

When unloading a load, in particular a road trailer, the procedure is such that the trailer is coupled to the tractor, brought to the auxiliary surface 16, if it is not already there, and with the auxiliary surface 16 removed from the platform 1 of the wagon. This is shown in Figure 6c. 1 and 6c.2. As the cranks 36 begin to rotate the shaft 42 on both sides of the wagon cranks 36 and the shafts 42 at the same time to the inclined walls of the transverse stiffener of the wagon platform 1, the lugs 30 at the ends of the shafts 42 begin to engage the lugs 23 on the respective levers 2 and the spline 42 is transmitted to the levers 2 which begin to lift the body 41, to which the platform 1 of the auxiliary surface 16 is connected by means of the disc 39. After the lifting, when the cranks 36 are in FIG. , the platform 1 of the auxiliary surface 16 is freely rotatable about a vertical axis and the tractor need no longer be merely in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the platform 1 of the wagon. At the top of the transverse stiffener of the wagon platform 1, the coulters 5, as shown in FIGS. 6c.3 and 6e, are mounted in view A, into which the projections 30 on the cranks 36 enter and through which the cranks 36 are slightly pulled out the protrusions 30 on the shafts 42 located near the cranks 36 reach the flush points of the star-shaped cutouts 40 in the walls of the carriage 24. Thus, the cranks 36 are immobilized and even after leaving the wings 5. Also in this transverse movement of the shafts 42, the projections 30 at their ends move the levers 2 and slide the support beams 38 under the ribs 37 of the platform 1 of the auxiliary surface 16 via gears 33 and intermediate levers 2. 45. The auxiliary surface 16 is guided laterally by a stone 6 connected to the trolley 24 by two rods 33, at the ends of which there are pivotable ties 4, allowing the auxiliary surface 16 to swivel around the two middle pairs of trolleys 13 of the trolley 24 from the wagon platform 1 to its ramp. 15 and at least partially sliding off this ramp 15. Then the trailer wheels can be unlocked and pulled to the auxiliary surface 16, where the trailer wheel stops 14 can then be moved, so that in the case of one or three axles or of the two axles, the center of the axles was above the center of the auxiliary surface 16, i.e. in the region of the axis of rotation of the platform 1 Depending on the location of the stops 14, the position of the shafts 42, i.e. for one or three axles, in the front pair of star-shaped cutouts 40 in the walls of the truck 24 and the body lifting levers 2 and two in the rear pair is controlled. When the shafts 42 are inserted into the levers 2, the projections 30, which are on the shafts 42 and the cranks 36, pass through the free edges of the star-shaped slots 40. To replace the shafts 42 it is suitable to equip the carriage 24 with folding support legs 12. instead of the supporting legs 12, springs acting on the body 41 can be used directly or by means of levers 2 with a force effect that exerts on this body 41 a vertical force equal to the weight of the body 41 with the platform 1 the support surface 16 and the disc 39 or slightly higher and oppositely oriented.

The loading procedure of the wagon is reversed, with the eye 23 at the junction of the bars 33 connecting the carriage 24 and the stone 6 of FIG.

Figures 7a to 7g show a wagon with a short platform 1 attached by a pivot linkage 4 to the rear lever 2. This rear lever 2, according to Figure 7a and section AA in Figure 7f, is mounted on the rear undercarriage 3 in a sliding direction during loading and unloading and rotatable about a vertical axis during travel, and is provided with retractable support rollers 38 against lateral deflection during loading and unloading 38. The two detachable swivel links 4 with extendable or tilting traveling wheels 13 at the other end of the platform 1 according to FIG. 7c is attached to the front bogie 2 fixed to the front bogie 3 shown in FIG. 7c by means of a pivot linkage 4 whose vertical axis lies in the plane of symmetry of the wagon and from the center of the wagon is behind the line of support points 12

-7EN 296615 B6 on one side and the rear support legs 12 on the other. The front legs 12 between the axles of the bogie 3 are vertically extendable, the rear behind the rear wheels of the front bogie 3 are extendable and tiltable about an axis parallel to the direction of travel. According to FIG. 7g, the rear wheel bogie pins 8 are mounted on cranks 36 rotatable about axes perpendicular to the direction of travel and horizontal, and cranks 36 are mounted on arms 43 rotatable about axes parallel to the direction of travel, The eccentricity of the cranks 36 Ar / 2 according to Fig. 7dc is at least such that, after the cranks 36 have been rotated 180 °, the highest point of the rail is below the lowest point of the wheel according to Fig. 7e. Furthermore, the front bogie 3 comprises ramps 15 tilting about an axis parallel to the direction of travel and a removable barrier 25, and there is a transportable carriage 24, again according to FIG. 7c, for the fifth wheel pin 17. The fifth wheel coupling pin 17 is secured to the carriage 24 by rods 33, at the ends of which the pivoting links 4 with the axes of rotation in the transport position of the trolley 24 are horizontal and perpendicular to the wagon travel direction. The trolley 24 is movable on traveling wheels 13 mounted by pivoting links 4 with roughly vertical axes of rotation on the arms 43 mounted on the trolley 24 rotatable about axes in the transport position of the trolley 24 parallel to the wagon travel and connected by two rods on the same side. 33 of variable length. The front bogie 3 is provided with a vertical pin 10 in the wagon transport condition located in the opening 9 or recess 40 intended for it in the trolley 24.

When unloading the lorry trailer, one of the linkages 4 of the front lever 2 and the platform 1 is uncoupled and the traveling wheel 13 is extended or tilted in the linkage 4. Further, the rear lever 2 is moved relative to the rear undercarriage 3. 2. On the side on which the platform 1 is to be tilted, the front support leg 12 is lowered, after the clutch 44 has been disengaged, the rear wheel of the front undercarriage 3 is folded out, the barrier 25 is removed and the ramps 15 are lowered. Then, by pulling the rods 33, the carriage 24 is lifted onto the traveling wheels 13, assuming that for transport safety the pin 10 is not outside the opening 9. Suppose, as a source of force for tilting the platform 1, a road tractor trailer, for example rods behind one of the parts of the disconnection of the binding 4. The plan view, ie in Fig. 7b, shows that the whole operation can Perform at the junction of railroads and dual lane roads. After tilting the platform 1, tilting the fifth wheel pin 17 and moving the carriage 24 off the load, the trolleys 13 of the carriage 24 must be lifted by shortening the bars 33 and rotated 180 ° in vertical pivoting linkages 4 in the arms 43 for stable driving on which the bars 33 are shortened again and the traveling wheels 13 of the carriage 24 are rotated 180 °. In the event of a loading, the semi-trailer is driven by the wheels to the platform 1 and the truck 24 is lowered below it so that after lifting the fifth wheel pin 17, the semi-trailer pin is in the fifth wheel 17. transport position. An advantage of this embodiment is the possibility of tilting the load platform 1 to a position perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wagon according to Fig. 7b. The load does not have to be just a trailer, but also a central axle trailer. In this case, the trolley 24 is not used. If the terrain at the loading and unloading site is uneven, but to use a ramp 15 with adjustable legs, for example, consisting of the bolts 19 and nuts 20 of Figure 7d.

Another wagon with a short platform 1 is shown in Figures 8a to 8h. The lever 2, which connects the two parts of which the wagon is assembled, is here adjustable and removable and replaceable by lever 2 very short and connected by a pivoting coupling 4 capable of at least a slight tilting, cross-joint or spherical coupling to the rod 33. the other end of the rod 33 is a rock 6 of the slide 5 mounted on a wagon coupling 7 equipped with rail brakes 11, the coupling 7 being equipped with similar arms 43 as the wagon platform 1. These arms 43 are pivotally mounted about the vertical axes and lockable in the transport position in the body 41 on the axles 26 of the platform axles 1 by latches 45 and stops 14 according to Fig. 8c. These bodies 41 are advantageous for accommodating the suspension and the arms 43 for locating the brakes, wherein the axles 26 of the wagon axles are connected by a truss reinforcing beam 48 lowered according to FIGS. 8f.l and 8f.2 at least at the distance of their highest point and the lowest point of the wagon platform 1. helical gears, the bolts 19 of which are vertical and connected to the gears 32 engaged with the pinion 31 according to detail E in FIG. 8f.2. The beam 48 has rails

8g and a platform 1 on small arms 43 with rope control L and retractable into the holes 9 in the beam 48, the platform 1 and the holes 9 in the circular track 46 slidable in the platform 1 The platform 1 is provided with transverse stiffeners of pitch suitable for various axle arrangements of road semi-trailers according to FIG. 8d, two of which comprise movable ribs 37 of radius , a straight radius of the circular track 46, pivotal links 4 connected to two control handles 34, and a lateral lowerable portion 47 of the circular track 46 of FIG. 8a. 1 and 2, which are provided with vertical pins 10 retractable into the holes 9 in the circular track 46, as well as the central lowerable parts 51, again according to FIGS. 8e.1 and 8e.2. Furthermore, each lateral lowering portion 47 comprises a handling bogie 3, which is shown in Fig. 8g and in section CC in Fig. 8h, and is rigidly connected to the rock 6 of the vertical gate 5 and slid horizontally and perpendicular to the direction of travel with the rock 6. transported condition non-rotatably but sliding in the direction of travel, connected to the gate 5, rotatable about axes parallel to the direction of travel connected to the rod 33 and the lever 2 for lowering the lateral lowering part 47. The rod 33 and lever 2 are mounted on the platform 1 direction of travel. The handling bogie 3 consists of a body 41 with two stones 6, which is guided in a circular path 46 including its lateral lowerable parts 47, all of the C-profile, further two wheels 13 and one support roller 38. Then 2 to which they are connected the two parts of which the wagon is assembled are attached at the front end by a bending torque coupling 4 capable of transmitting bending moment to a front bogie 3 similar to the bogie 3 of Fig. 7c. The barriers 25 are remotely adjustable here, usable as ramps, and connected to the front carriage 3 of the wagon by means of the cross joints 27 of FIG. 8b. The carriage 24 for the fifth wheel pin 17 is similar. The only difference is that the cot b of its traveling wheels 13 according to FIG. 7c is zero and therefore it is not necessary to reload its traveling wheels 13 when changing the travel direction of the carriage 24. They have only two positions, a straight ride and a circular arc with an adjustable radius according to the trailer distribution.

The wagon is composed of two parts, each of which can be used separately. For example, for the transport of very short trailers, trailers and other loads, only the L-platform can be used. For the transport of other trailers, the unloading procedure is as follows. By means of a toothed and helical gear, the beam 48 is lowered so that no part of it prevents the platform L from rotating. This simultaneously reduces the central lowerable parts 51 of the circular track 46. The lowerable lowered parts 47 are lowered by the two lowering levers 2. The slider 5 with which the stone 6 is retracted after the vertical pins 10 have been inserted into the respective holes 9 in the circular path 46 on the lateral lowerable parts 47. The path 46 thus becomes uninterrupted and is possibly displaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the platform 1 was its vertical axis at the center of the trailer chassis. In this case, the rock 6 is slid from the rocker 5 by the lowering peak 2. By means of a suitable pin 10, the platform 1 is connected to a circular track 46 and the platform chassis 3. The control rope L of the pin 10 can be gripped on the projection 30 and the adjustable ribs 37 adjoining the fixed projections 30 on the platform 1 are moved over the control handles 34 above. The central lower parts 51 are secured by horizontal pins 10, held in the sleeves on the track 46 and retractable into the lugs 23. Then the rail brake 11 is activated and the arms 43 are pivoted away. then folded into working position and lengthwise adjusted. The trolley 24 is, for example, pulled by a road tractor of semi-trailers with the chassis 3 perpendicular to the track, the part of the carriage with the platform 1 approaching the part for the trolley 24 and the platform 1 with the circular track 46 in addition rotating. In this case, the wheels 13 of the bogies 3 travel on the rails and the support roller 38 on a circular track 46. After the two parts of the wagon have been approached as far as possible, the wheels of the carriage 24 are brought into the arch position and the platform 1 is rotated. The phase of direct travel of the carriage 24 is the shorter the shorter the wheelbase of the trailer. If the parts of the wagon are connected by a short lever 2 of minimum length, it is limited to the run-off of the carriage 24 from its chassis 3. Accordingly, the length of the barriers 25 usable as ramps 15 must be adjusted. the pivoting of the platform 1 is caused by pulling a part thereof near a corner, again for example by a road tractor of semi-trailers. The flexibly rigid lever 2 connecting the wagon parts here is necessary to prevent the relatively short and high chassis 3 from tilting for the carriage 24, for example during braking, which could lead to derailment thereof. The advantage of such a wagon, divided into a short platform 1 with axles and ends for the trailer wheels and the trailer pin carrier, is the lower weight. However, there is a requirement for the space in front of the trailer wheels, which must be empty. The side guards of the semi-trailer must therefore be tilted to accommodate the wheels of the front axle of the platform. The approaching of the wagon parts in the case of long semi-trailers makes it possible again to handle the load at the junction of the dual-lane railroad according to Fig. 8b.

Figures 9a and 9d.3 show a wagon whose load platform 1 is tiltable or tiltable vertically at both ends according to Figure 9a.2. Possible positions of the platform 1 are indicated in Fig. 9a.2 as the upper position H, as the lower position L, as the original position P, and as the inclined position S, which can also be inclined in the opposite direction. In detail A in FIG. 9a. 1 shows an embodiment of a tiltable linkage of the lever 2 and the platform 1 in the transport position and for cargo handling. A recess is provided at the end of the link. In the embodiment of the wagon with forked levers 2, these are connected to the platform 1 by means of cross-joints 27 or pivotal links 4 with a vertical pin 8 in a conical bore 9, which is possibly spherical in the middle. 9d. The horizontal arms 43 of the universal joint 27 can also be connected to the platform 1 not firmly but by a pivotal coupling 4 with an axis parallel in transport condition to the direction of travel of the wagon according to Fig. 9d.3. Alternatively, the articulated joint 27 may be attached to the platform 1 by a rotary linkage 4 with a vertical axis, which linkage 4 is movable after the pawls 45 and stops 14 of FIG. 9b have been opened. version left.

The problem of the embodiment with the forked levers 2 is that, while the two ends of the wagon platform 1 are tilted to the same side, the plane 2 and the platform 1 form a planar four-hinge mechanism, one side or both on the opposite side of the pivot axis 4 in the horizontal arms. The joints 27 and the bogies 3 are not parallel. This is shown in Fig. 9b, version on the right. When tilting the ends of the platform 1, the horizontal arms of the articulated joints 27 at the opposite ends of the platform 1 tend to tilt relative to each other, i.e. disagreeingly. The bogies 3 would therefore cross because one would lift the wheels on one side and the other on the other. One possibility is to neglect this tilt, because the angles are small and the flexible arm supports or the ability of the bogie suspension 3 to allow tilt, the other is the design of the linkage of the levers 2 and the platform 1. The design of this linkage may be the pivot 8 of the pivot linkage 4 of the platform 1 and the lever 2 as a conical one, which allows tilting the ends of the platform 1 as well as neutralizing the bogie crossover 3. Or is possible with the ball on the pivot 8 and the ball center of hole 9 or about an axis parallel to the transport position, for example according to FIG. 9d.l eccentric or according to FIG. 9d.2 a tilting pulley 38 or according to FIG. 9d.3 by a stop 14 or a rotating rod 33 whose controlled rotation or displacement or replacement of the rod 33 by hydraulic cylinder 18 makes possible tilting possible. It is also possible to mount these arms on the platform 1 rotatably about a vertical axis and, if necessary, pivot the stops 14 and latches 45 and rotate the platform 1 so that the respective axes become parallel, as shown in FIG. 9b to the left.

The tilting can be used to incline the end of the platform 1 to the surrounding terrain. Then there is no need to use ramp 15. Or, the platform 1 can be fully laid on the surrounding terrain when both ends are tilted to the same side. Lifting one end or the entire platform 1 can be used to handle the load if the surrounding terrain is slightly above rail level.

Fig. 9c shows an additional tilting device, a movable column with a screw and worm gear, mounted on a platform 1. The worm axis 52 with the handle 34 is horizontal and the worm wheel axis 53 is displaceable but non-rotatably connected to the screw 19 terminated by the travel wheel 13 is vertical. The nut 20 is formed in a column body provided with an auxiliary traveling wheel 13.

The wagon in Figs. 10a-10d has four levers 2, fixed by locked pivoting ties 4 with a vertical axis of rotation on the arms 43, pivotally mounted on the bogies 3. The arms 43 are in contact with the bogies 3 via the support surfaces 49. The levers 2 are extendable 3 to the right or double for greater ejection / tilting for the chassis3 to the left. The support legs 12 and the couplers 7 and, optionally, the removable fifth wheel coupling fifth wheel 17 with four hydraulic cylinders 18 according to FIG. In trailer and demountable version

The wagon can be equipped with an additional bogie 3, a rotating auxiliary surface 16 for the body legs and a folding beam 48, which parts can be transported on the bogie 3 not covered by the semi-trailer. A ramp 15 is carried on the additional bogie 3. In Fig. 10d it is then provided for a tub-type platform 1.

The ramp 15 is used to slide down the front supports of the detachable superstructure from platform 1 of the optional chassis 3. The supports are equipped for this purpose with the feet with the wheels 3 in the transported state facing in the travel direction to enable, in cooperation with the auxiliary surface 16 the occurrence of parasitic forces and for unloading and loading rotatable perpendicular to the direction of travel, being connected mechanically to each other, similar to the wheels 13 of the trolley 24 for the fifth wheel pin 17, or hydraulically to compensate for uneven terrain and also connected to the beam 48, by which the movement of the wagon platform 1 is transmitted to them. The auxiliary bogie 3 is connected to the wagon by means of a coupling ring eye 23, which is moved to the auxiliary bogie 3.

This embodiment of the wagon makes it possible to shorten the platform 1 by moving the front of the semi-trailer over the chassis 3, which is sufficiently low. This also simplifies the aerodynamic cover, since only one bogie 3 remains exposed. Shortening of the platform 1 leads to a reduction in the weight of the wagon and can accommodate, for example, a trailer, towing truck up to a length of about 10.5 m. two tractor units.

The wagon for the transport of two- and three-axle vehicles can be only two-axle, as in Fig. 11 a to lid. It therefore has no bogie 3 and the platform 1 is connectable to a coupler 7 equipped with support legs 12 with rail brakes 11 on which the axle 26 of the wagon axle is mounted. On the left in Fig. 11a and Fig. 11b there is an embodiment with a lever 2 mounted on the coupler 7 rotatably and slidingly and on the platform 1 rotatably. The wagon wheels are mounted on the arms 43 by means of cranks 36 as in Fig. 7c and the arms 43 rotatably about vertical axes on the platform 1. On the right in Fig. 11a there is an embodiment with a platform 1 completely detachable from the coupler 7. The levers 2 are mounted according to Fig. 11c rotatable about a vertical axis on a pivot 8 mounted rotatably about an axis parallel to the direction of travel on the platform

1. In the levers 2, the vertical openings 9 for the arms 43 are connected by pivoting linkages 4 with axes parallel to the direction of travel with a rod of variable length. According to FIG. 11d, the wagon wheels are mounted on cranks 36, in which the pin cavity 10, in which the pin 10 is retractable also from the lugs 23 on the levers 2, is also provided on the levers. with the rubber tire, suspended so that when the wagon wheel is raised, it is coaxial with this wheel and can be welded together with welded bolts 19 and nuts 20. Thus, the wagon wheels are also usable for transporting the end of the platform 1 to the load handling position.

In both embodiments, the legs 12 of the couplers 7 are lowered first and the rail brakes 11 are applied and the cranks 36 rotated 180 ° to raise the car wheels so that they can be rotated on the arms 43 in the left version or on the levers 2 in the right version. . In the left-hand version, the end of the platform 1 can be moved and the wagon wheels tilted to a non-obstructing, cargo-handling position, secured with cranks 36 by pin 10, slid onto the wagon wheels and screwed the rubber tire discs 39, swivel the levers 2 to a position approximately perpendicular , connect the arms 43 to the rod 33 and, after moving the end of the platform 1 to the desired location, shorten the rod 33 until the platform 1 contacts the ground and remove the arms 43 with the rod 33.

12a to 12f.2, the carriages with the platform 1 completely detachable from the biaxial bogies 3. On the lever 2 attached to the platform 1 and the bogie 3 by detachable pivoting links 4 with vertical axes, the traveling wheels 13 are rotatably mounted around the horizontal axes. 12a and 12b to the left on the crossmember of lever 2 and to the body 2 of the bolted body 41, with the axis in transport condition parallel to the direction of travel. In the embodiment of Figs. 12a and 12b to the right, the wheels 13 are mounted on the arms 43 near the corners of the platform J. These are, as shown in Figs. 12c and 12a to the right and section CC in Fig. 12e, rotatable about vertical axes. pins 8 with pivotal links 4 with axes parallel to the direction of travel at both ends. At the upper ends, the pins 8 are connected to a length adjustable rod 33 and their lower ends are mounted on a lever 2. The arms 43 are in position

The pegs 10, which can be inserted into the holes 9 in the pins 8 and the slots 40 in the arms 43 according to FIG. 12d, can be transported and secured in the load-handling position.

In the embodiment shown in detail in Fig. 12b on the left and in section AA in Fig. 12f.l, the chassis 3 is provided with a fixed ramp 15 for the wheels 13, which is supported by a stop 14 against the coupling 4 between the lever 2 and the chassis 3. For the wheel 13 to roll off the ground, a movable ramp 15 carried on the chassis 3 can be used. When the lever 2 returns to the transport position, the platform 1 is lifted by the support leg 12 according to section BB in Fig. 12f.2. By the same support legs 12, the platform 1 is supported in the load handling position and after disconnecting one of the links 4 between the lever 2 and the platform 1, the lever 2 is folded away from the load path.

In the embodiment of Figs. 12a and 12b to the right, the pins 10 are pulled out of the vertical pins 8, the arms 43 tilted from the transport position when they are folded along the bogies 3 to the platform moving position 1 being approximately perpendicular to the wagon travel direction. the pins 10 are retracted. The rod 33, which is in the transported state secured by a stop 14 in the eye 23 on the lever 2 according to Fig. 12c, is detached from the eye 23 and extended by the nut 20 until the wheels 13 touch the ground and / or ramps 15. of the lever 2 and the chassis 3, the platform 1 is moved to the load handling position and the rod 33 is shortened until the wheels 13 are raised. Then one of the arms 43 is turned back to the transport position, one of the links 4 of the lever 2 and the platform 1 is disengaged, and the lever 2 is folded away from the load path of Fig. 12b. 1.

The advantages of these embodiments are the simplicity and less flexural stresses of the linkages 4 of the lever 2 and the platform 1, the disadvantage of complete uncoupling of the wagon during cargo handling and the need for more space for rotation of the platform 1 compared to the embodiments of Figs. 7a to 7g and Figs. To use a two-lane junction, the wheels 13 would have to be suitably rotatable and be displaced with one of the bogies 3.

Claims (9)

Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, characterized in that it comprises a rigid and torsionally rigid cargo platform (1) which is connected at least at one end to the carriage (3) of the wagon by means of at least one lever (2). and wherein the platform (1) and the levers (2) are approximately planar between the transport and load handling positions and the lever (2) is connected to the platform (1) by a maximum of two pivoting ties (4) disposed at the front of the platform (1). or by rotatably movable linkages, where the linkage is one, is located approximately at the center of the platform face (1) and optionally detachable, if the linkages are two, are detachable and located at the corners of the platform face (1), and the other end of the lever / 2 / is connected by at least one pivotable or pivotable linkage, fixed or uncoupled by flax, to the carriage (3) of the wagon or to another lever (2), to the platform (1) or to another part connected to at least one The length of the lever (2) is fixed or variable and the lever (2) and / or the platform (1) is equipped with eyes (23) for connecting the road vehicle and / or handles (34) and / or manually or by external source driven by mechanical or other pivoting means by which the lever (2) or the platform (1) is connected to the chassis (3), the lever (2), the platform (1), the wagon axle or connectable to an object outside the wagon. A railway carriage for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a device for ensuring a constant distance of the couplers (7), selected from a set of devices comprising a special embodiment of the pivoting means. associated with the bogies (3) and optionally extendable downwardly, the rail brakes (11), the means for blocking the rotation of the lever (2) or the levers (2) and / or the blocking the displacement in the rotationally sliding relationship. - 12GB 296615 B6 Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the platform (1) and / or the bogies (3) of the wagon are equipped with stops (14) to prevent the wheels of the rail wagon from slipping. at least one fixed or movable support leg (12) optionally equipped with at least one traveling wheel (13). Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the platform (1) is equipped with at least one folding, swiveling or extending access ramp (15), which is optionally two-part and laterally openable . Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at the levers (2) at least one of the pivotable or pivotable linkages is tiltable about an axis approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the platform (1). and horizontal, and / or at least one of the pivotable linkages on the levers (2) is pivotable and approximately vertically displaceable. Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the platform (1) is provided with a supporting surface (16) for the load extending from the platform (1) parallel to the axis of the platform (1). / and rotatable around a vertical axis and optionally equipped with an access ramp / 15 /. Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a fifth wheel (17) of the semitrailer is movably mounted on the platform (1), the position of which is adjustable by mechanical, hydraulic means , pneumatic or electric, the means being driven manually, by an external source or by a road vehicle, and this fifth wheel (17) is optionally removable and usable on a road tractor for semi-trailers. Railway wagon for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is further equipped with an auxiliary carriage (24) with a space for supporting legs of the semi-trailer and / or equipped with a fifth wheel (17). driving off the wagon and moving on the surrounding terrain or on ramps / 15 /. A railway carriage for the transport of bulky loads, in particular road vehicles, according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is divided into a part for transporting axles and a part for transporting the support legs of the semi-trailer or the pivot of the semi-trailer.