CZ278588B6 - Environment friendly fuel for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Abstract

An environment friendly fuel for compression ignition engines of emulsive type and contains, aside from hydrocarbons in a range of boiling temperatures of 150 to 400 degrees C, oxygen compounds, in particular water and alcohols, in a quantity up to 35 %. The emulsion is constant and transparent and an emulsifier is added for its maintenance, containing amides of fatty acids and an additive to eliminate turbidity.

Description

The invention describes an environmentally-friendly diesel fuel which is an emulsion of water or, optionally, polar organic compounds, in hydrocarbons boiling in the range of the boiling point of diesel fuel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Combustion of diesel fuel is becoming increasingly problematic due to increasing environmental and economic demands. The sulfur content is gradually adjusted to below 0.1% by weight to reduce sulfur oxide emissions. Aromas are also reduced which cause excessive engine smoking and particulate matter formation in the exhaust gas. Methods of combustion leading to reduction of nitrogen oxides in emitted gases are solved. These are all expensive technological processes.

One possible solution is also the production of a mixed fuel containing, in addition to hydrocarbon mixtures, oxygen-containing compounds, in particular water and alcohols. Their homogenization is solved by the addition of various emulsifying agents. For example, a composition comprising an organic nitrate as an emulsifier and both non-ionic and ionic emulsifiers is described in PCT Pat. 8804-311-A, a gasoline fuel containing 2 to 19% methanol and 0.1 to 10% water and with the addition of oily diglycerides is described in US Pat. No. 4,046,519, an alcohol-containing fuel and an emulsifier containing dimethylethanolamide of 9 to 22 carbons is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,264 and German Patent 2,256,814 disclose an emulsifier fuel which is an ethylene oxide adduct of fatty acids.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a solution for environmentally-friendly diesel fuel. The novel environmentally-friendly fuel based on a stable emulsion of water in hydrocarbons, optionally with an addition of polar organic oxygen compounds, is characterized by consisting of a hydrocarbon mixture boiling between 150 and 400 ° C, which forms the fuel base and contains 0 , 1-25% by weight of water, possibly in addition to 10%, of the aliphatic saturated alcohol · C ^ to C _4, or mixtures of alcohols Ci to _C4, 0.1 to 5% by weight, diethanolamides, unsaturated and saturated, higher monocarboxylic acids, especially oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and erucic acids, derived from readily available natural raw materials and containing 5 to 35% unreacted raw materials and amide synthesis intermediates and optionally 10 to 10,000 ppm benzotriazole. The hydrocarbon mixture boils preferably between 200 ° C and 350 ° C, and is derived from petroleum or secondary petroleum processing processes. from hydrocracking, and is dehydrated to below 0.2-0.05 wt. The acyclic saturated alcohol is methanol and the alcohol mixture is methanol with C ₃ or C ₄ -alcohols in a ratio of 1: 0.1-2% by weight. The added diethanolamides and free oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and erucic acids are 4: 1

-1GB 278588 B6

-2: 0.5 - 2: 0.1 -0.6: 0.05 - 0.5, exclusively in the ratio of 4: 1.5: 0.75: 0.3: 0.1 and glycerine is present in impurities and diethanolamine in a 1: 3 ratio.

The description of the composition shows that it is an ecologically and economically advantageous fuel for diesel engines. The added water, possibly with alcohols, reduces the hydrocarbon content and thus the possibility of soot and SO ₂ formation. · Burning of this fuel produces less harmful ΝΟ _χ , unburnt hydrocarbons and other emissions. The organic substances give rise to a stable emulsion which is transparent and stable. All admixtures are cheaper, so even economically, they are cheaper. Although not explicitly emphasized, the process of forming a stable emulsion, consisting in the gradual introduction of individual components into the article, is also important.

The following is an illustrative example showing the advantages of the invention. However, its conditions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example

According to the invention, fuel for diesel engines has been prepared. It is based on the commonly produced low-setting NM 35 diesel fuel, boiling in the range of 180 to 360 ° C. To it was added and dissolved 0.5% by weight of an emulsifier of the following composition:

38.3

13.9

9.4

3.6

1.4

5.6

19.4

8.2

0.01 wt.%, Oleic acid diethanolamide wt.%, Linoleic acid diethanolamide wt.%, Linolenic acid diethanolamide wt.%, Palmitic acid diethanolamide wt. 1,2,3-benzotriazole.

4.5 wt. water.

A stable transparent emulsion was formed. The same emulsion was obtained after addition of 1.8 wt.% Additional methanol. A comparison of the fuel qualities of conventional NM 35 diesel fuel and emulsified fuel is shown in Table 1.

-2GB 278588 B6

Table 1

Qualitative parameters of common NM 35 and emulsified NM 35

NM 35 Emulse (NM 35 + water + alcohol) flash point ° C 63 42 pour point, ⁰ C -42 -52 filterability, ° C -41 -42 resin, mg / 100 ml 8.2 5.2 ash,% wt. 0,0013 0.0096 Corrosion S, ’C 1 1 mechan. impurities,% wt. 0.0152 0,048 water content,% wt. 0 5.2 density 20, kg / m ³ 0.8225 0.8291 kin. vis., 20 ° C, mm ² / sec 2.63 3,646 acid number, mg KOH / g 0,0231 0,116 calorific value, MJ / kg 45,833 42,291

The resulting fuels were evaluated by a series of tests in the test engine and in conventional diesel engines, always in comparison with the NM 35 itself.

The following results were achieved:

Consumption decreased by 6% by volume while maintaining performance parameters.

Furthermore, the quality of engine emissions improved by a relative relative smoke reduction of 38.5%, a reduction in unburnt hydrocarbons of 20%, a reduction of CO of 58.3% and a ΝΟ _χ of 49.2

Claims (4)

1. An ecologically acceptable diesel fuel based on a stable emulsion of water in hydrocarbons, optionally with an addition of polar organic compounds, characterized in that it consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling between 150 and 400 ° C which forms the fuel base and is 0.1 to 25% by weight of water, optionally in addition 0.1 to 10% by weight, of an acyclic saturated alcohol C ₄ to C ₄ or a mixture of C ₃ alcohols. % to C ₄ , 0.1 to 5% by weight, of diethanolamides of saturated and unsaturated higher mono- • carboxylic acids, in particular oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and erucic acid, containing 5 to 35% unreacted raw materials and amide synthesis intermediates and optionally 10 to 10 000 ppm of benzotriazole. Ecologically acceptable fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrocarbon mixture boils preferably between 200 ° C and 350 ° C, is derived from petroleum and / or secondary petroleum processing processes, in particular hydrocracking, and is dehydrated to below 0 by hydrogen refining. 2 to 0.05 wt. An environmentally friendly fuel as claimed in claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the acyclic saturated alcohol is methanol and the mixture of alcohols is methanol with C ₃ or C ₄ -alcohols in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 2 wt. Ecologically acceptable fuel according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the added diethanolamides and free oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and erucic acids are in a ratio of 4: 1.5: 0.75: 0.3: 0, 1 and in impurities glycerine and diethanolamine are present in a ratio of 1: 3.