CZ298491A3 - environment friendly fuel for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Abstract

An environment friendly fuel for compression ignition engines of emulsive type and contains, aside from hydrocarbons in a range of boiling temperatures of 150 to 400 degrees C, oxygen compounds, in particular water and alcohols, in a quantity up to 35 %. The emulsion is constant and transparent and an emulsifier is added for its maintenance, containing amides of fatty acids and an additive to eliminate turbidity.

Description

Technical field

The invention describes an environmentally-friendly diesel fuel which is an emulsion of water or, in addition, polar organic compounds in hydrocarbon boilers within the boiling point of diesel fuel.

Previous etav techniques

Combustion of diesel fuel is becoming increasingly problematic due to increasing environmental and economic demands · Gradually adjusting the sulfur content to below 0.1% by mass · to reduce sulfur oxide emissions · Aromas that cause excessive engine smoke and Particulate matter formation in exhaust gases ·

Combustion methods to reduce due dilution oxides in emitted gases are sewn * From costly technological processes in general · An overview of the background is given in the following literature:

Eur * Pat · Appl · 319 060

US Pat * 4,929,252 «« Kokai Tokkyo Koho 89 10018

Anghelache I et al. al:: Rev * Chim · (Bucharest) 1984, 40 (6), 477-85 US Pat · 4,877,414

Shepel * ekij Ou. L *: IZv. Vyěě · Learning «Introduced., Maéinoetr. 1889 (9): 58-62

Griffith W.L., Compere A.L .: Report OROL / TH - 11248,

Order No DE 89017779, 45 s. Oak Ridge Vatl. Lab. Ren Chunshan: Faminy Zhuanli Shenqing Gengkai Shuomlngshu (1030932)

Mu Xianhua, Mu Huachang: ibid 10 34144 (26 · 7 · 1984) Elkotb H. et al.: Fuel 1990, 69 (1). 65-71

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides an ecologically advantageous fuel for diesel engines. The novel environmentally friendly fuel based on a stable emulsion of water in hydrocarbons, optionally with an addition of polar organic oxygen compounds, is characterized by a hydrocarbon mixture boiling between 100 and 400 ° C, which forms the fuel base and contains 0.1 to 25% by weight of water, optionally in addition to up to 10% by weight of an acyclic saturated alcohol or alcoholic mixture, 0.1 to 5% by weight, unsaturated and saturated higher monocarboxylic acid diethanolamides derived from readily available natural raw materials and containing 5 to 35% unreacted fractions; amide synthesis intermediates and 10 to 10,000 ppm benzotriazole · The hydrocarbon mixture boils preferably between 200 ° C and 350 ° C, comes from petroleum or from secondary oil processing, hydrocracking, and is hydrotreated to less than 0i2 to 0 ^ 05% wt. The acyclic saturated alcohol is methanol and the mixture is methanol with C 1 or C 4 -alcohols in a ratio of i: 0? 1 - 2% by weight · Added dlethanolamides contain oleic, linolenic, palmitic and erucic acid in a 4: 1- ratio 2: 0,5 - 2: 0,1 - 0,6:: 0,05 - 0 ', 5 and 1: 3 glycerine and dlethanolamine present in impurities ·

The description of the composition shows that it is an ecologically and economically advantageous fuel for diesel engines. Added water optionally with alcohols of decreasing hydrocarbon content and thus the possibility soot and SO ^ · by combustion produces less harmful _Ν0 χ, unburnt hydrocarbons and other pollutants · organics causes the formation of stable emulsion which has a transparent character is constant. All admixtures are cheaper so that economically there is a reduction in price.

- 3 consisting of gradual introduction of individual components into the product ·

The following is an illustrative example showing the advantages of the invention. However, its conditions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example

According to the invention, fuel for diesel engines has been prepared. Starting from a commonly produced low-setting NM 35 diesel fuel boiling in the range of 180 to 360 ° C. To this was added and dissolved 0.5 wt. emulsifier of the following composition:

4i> 8 wt. oleic acid diethanolamide

15.2% wt. diethanolamide linoleic acid

Wt. of linolenic acid diethanolamide

3.9 wt. of palmitic acid diethanolamide

1 ^ 5 wt. diethanolamide erucic acid < 1% glycerin

21., 2% diethanolamide

9 ^l .0% by weight of ballasts from synthesis and 0. 1,2,3-benzotriazole 4.5 wt. water.

A stable transparent emulsion was formed. The same emulsion was obtained after the addition of 1.8 wt. extra methanol. A comparison of the fuel qualities of conventional NM 35 diesel and emulsified diesel is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Qualitative parameters of common NM-35 and emulsified NM-33

NM-35 Emulsion (NM-35 ♦ water + alcohol)

flash point, ° C 63 42 pour point, ° C -42 -52 filterability, ° C -41 -42 resin, mg / 100 ml 8.2 5.2 ash,% wt * 0,0013 0.0096 corrosion S, ° C 1 1 mechan. impurities,% wt * 0.0152 0,048 water content,% wt. 0 5.2 density 20. kg / m @ 2 0.8225 0.8291 kin * vis *, 20 ° C, mm mm / sec 2.63 3,646 acid number, mg KOH / g 0,0231 0,116 calorific value, MO / kg 45,833 42,291

The resulting fuels were evaluated by a series of tests in the test engine and in conventional diesel engines, always compared to the NM-35 itself *

The following results were achieved:

Consumption decreased by 6% vol * while maintaining performance.

In addition, the quality of engine emissions has improved in% relative smoke reduction by 33.5% reduction in unburnt hydrocarbons by 20% reduction in CO emissions by 53.3% and NO emissions by 49.2

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. «Ecologically acceptable diesel fuel and based on a stable emulsion of water in hydrocarbons with or without the addition of polar organic compounds, characterized in that it consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling between 150 and 400 ° C which forms the fuel base and contains 0, 1 to 25 wt. water, optionally additionally 0.1 to 10 wt. an acyclic saturated alcohol or mixture of alcohols, 0.1 to 5 wt. diethanolamides of saturated and unsaturated higher monocarboxylic acids containing 5 to 35% of unreacted raw materials and amide synthesis intermediates and 10 to 10,000 ppm of benzotriazole. 2. An environmentally friendly fuel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hydrocarbon mixture boils preferably between 200 and 350 [deg.] C., is derived from petroleum or from secondary petroleum processes. from hydrocracking and the hydrogenation refining is sulfur-free to a value below 0.2 to 0.05 wt. 3. Organic appropriate fuel-ccording to claim 1 2, characterized in that the thio-cyclic saturated alcohol is methanol and mixtures of methanol with a C ₃ or C -alcohols in the ratio of 1: 0.1 to 2% by weight. 4. An ecologically acceptable fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added diethanolamides contain oleic acid. linoleic, linolenic, palmltic and erucic in a ratio of 4: 1; 5: 0.75: 0.3: 0.1, and in impurities glycerine and diethanolamine are present in a ratio of 1: 3.