CZ2003131A3 - Self-supporting building element, its use and process for preparing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self- and load-supporting component (1), with at least one, preferably two cover layers (7), upon which are preferably arranged several strip-like distance elements (18), distributed on an inner cover surface (15a) of the cover layer (7). Said elements are bonded to the cover layer (7) with a positive and/or non-positive fit, by means of a hardening connecting and/or fixing agent (70). The cover layers (7) and/or the distance elements (18) comprise randomly-oriented wood or wood material elements (73) bonded together by a binding agent, with cavities (75) and pores 74 between the above. In a connecting region (71), between the cover layer (7) and the distance elements (18), is a connecting and/or fixing zone (80) of hardened connecting and/or fixing agent (70) and wood or wood material elements (73) and/or pores (74) and/or cavities (75), which has a higher mechanical load capacity than the region of the cover layers (7) and/or distance elements (18), adjacent to the connecting and/or fixing zone (80).

Description

Self-supporting building component, its use and method of its production

Technical field

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The invention relates to a self-supporting load-bearing component with two cover layers spaced apart by a core layer comprising a plurality of spacers distributed over mutually facing surfaces of the cover layers, at least some of the spacers being their length is spatially shaped, in particular wave-shaped respectively. the non-planar and narrow sides of the spacers as well as the facing surfaces together form parallel butt joints, the spacers being joined at least locally to the cover layers by means of a curable fastening and / or reinforcing means.

The invention also relates to the use of the aforementioned component.

The invention further relates to a method for producing the aforementioned wood and / or wood component in which a core layer consisting of strip-like spacer elements is bonded to the lower and upper cover layers by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means.

The invention also relates to a method for the production of the aforementioned wood and / or wood-based component, in which a core layer consisting of strip-like spacer elements with a bottom covering layer cut into a format is joined by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means. and a topsheet cut into a format, whereupon the cover layers and the core layer are pressed together.

2. Background Art

U.S. Pat. No. 5,738,924 A discloses a component of the type described above, with three cover layers spaced apart from each other by the core layer, and the core layer being formed by a plurality of spacers distributed over the facing surfaces of the cover layers and spacers. are formed over their length as spatially shaped. Spacers are made of wood veneer strips. The narrow side surfaces of the spacers as well as the inner surfaces of the cover layers form mutually facing, parallel arranged connecting surfaces, which are placed butt-fitting. A bonding layer is applied to the surface surfaces of both cover layers and the core layer is pressed into the bonding layer until the narrow side faces of the spacer elements abut on each other on the internal surfaces.

GB 1 281 686 discloses a method for manufacturing a core layer for a building component composed of a plurality of spacers shaped into a sine wave. In the method, the wood-like strip spacers are gripped by cylindrical shaped heads mounted on an endlessly circulating conveyor belt, and during the displacement movement of the conveyor belt driven in one direction, the shaped heads following the successive conveyor belt travel deflect multiple times so that essentially sinusoidal. The two adjacent sinusoidal spacers are joined at their mutually adjacent peaks and then the sinusoidal-shaped narrow side faces of the spacers are joined to each of the two cover layers by a suitable adhesive.

• · · «· · · · · ···

Further, it is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,428,993 A which has two cover layers and a single core layer. between the two cover layers. The core layer consists of a plurality of spacers distributed over the facing surfaces of the cover layers and are spatially shaped over their length, in particular sinusoidal, and connected by their narrow sides to the inner surfaces of the cover layers. The core layer is made of a plurality of wooden blocks, laid flat and glued together and cut in a sinusoidal manner and interlocked together by applying an adhesive to adjacent wide side surfaces. Another embodiment of the core layer consists in that the water-dipped wood veneer strips are sinusoidal in shape by pressing, whereupon the individual wavy veneer strips are stacked on one another and are joined to one another by means of glue in a lattice. and after curing the adhesive, they are cut to the length of the desired core layer corresponding to the height.

FR-A-2 545 037 A discloses a fiber-based building component consisting of two cover layers and a core layer interposed therebetween, one of the two cover and

The layers are formed as a curved surface. The core layer is made up of pre-formed planar spacers formed by a cross-cut, formed by a blank corresponding to the surface contour of the building component, of the same composite fiber mass as the cover layers.

DE 925 858 C2 discloses a girder-type building structure with an ifl structure.

A panel having a plurality of wave-like spacers arranged relative to one another with an offset of half the wavelength or with the same phase and parallel in the longitudinal direction of the component and spaced apart in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the component. Spacers made of both plywood and non-glued plywood, in particular wall elements, fit into the recesses in strip-like, in particular board-like or beam-shaped cover layers, with which the spacer layers are joined in a force-transmitting and positive-fit connection. Such spacers are spaced apart from one another and are preferably connected in a form-fit and force-transmitting contact, as a result of which these wood components have little resistance to the transverse forces acting in the transverse direction. In addition, due to the small width, limited by the growth limits, of the timber covering layers, the field of application of these components is severely limited, and such components can only be loaded centrally to avoid the risk of sideways tipping. Furthermore, they have the disadvantage that the amplitudes of the lateral spacing of the spacer elements are very small and the large return forces present in the glued joints between the cover layer and the spacer element cause high shear forces transversely to the length direction of the component. in technical terms, the costly shaping of the cover layer with the spacer element.

EP 0 568 270 B1 discloses a construction element with covering layers which are spaced apart by spacers whose spacers form a plurality of chambers or cavities separated from one another in the length direction of the construction. Spacers that touch at least locally, especially wall elements, are joined together in relation to each other.

They are gently touching the sub-sections, and are connected to the covering layers on narrow wall surfaces. The cell-like chambers, formed by the wall elements, are filled with a filler and form a core which is embedded between and with the first and second coating layer | United. Such wood components have the disadvantage that the covering layers are supported only by a part of their width by means of spacers, and consequently have only a low load-bearing capacity, especially in the extreme regions of the narrow side surfaces, in particular in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, these components carrying substantially very low loads can be used as highly loadable primary structures, which again leads to a very limited field of application.

Furthermore, a construction element, in particular a double T-shaped beam (I), is known from 195 21 027 A1, consisting of two cover layers spaced apart by two spacers, in particular wall elements, with only one cover between the cover layers. a wall element extending non-planarly resp. undulating between the cover layers. By assembling a plurality of components, particularly corrugated walls, it is possible to form a sheet-like element. Such arrangements of wood components have the disadvantage that the supporting elements connected in the longitudinal direction into one sheet are stressed by a very high shear in the area of the connecting surfaces under load and a step between two interlocking cover layers can be formed. Therefore, in order to form a large-area panel, a number of connecting surfaces are required which can only be manufactured with a correspondingly high production cost. Furthermore, the field of application is severely limited, since a plurality of double T-shaped beams have to be aligned side by side to form a sheet-like building component,

-6—

The component has only a small bending resistance in the transverse direction due to missing components in the width direction of the component.

From another published EP 0 314 625 A1 there is known a construction element with two covering layers, spaced apart by spacers, which on another facing surface comprise another layer, one of which is a decorative plate carrier and the other is a backing plate carrier. The spacer, especially the cells of the honeycomb core layer, for example, is connected to the cover layers, in particular glued by a non-flammable adhesive. The disadvantage lies primarily in the fact that these components are not designed as load-bearing elements, which means that any use as a primary load-bearing structure is eliminated. In addition, for a structurally comparable load bearing capacity of the structural element proposed according to the invention, a much higher core layer material volume is required for construction reasons, approximately 50% relative to the structural material volume, and core layer spacers are only produced extremely high costs.

All these systems are characterized by the disadvantage of high material consumption and comparatively low loadability of the grafts. The load-bearing capacity of a building component and its creation as a large-area wall, floor or ceiling component is possible only to a limited extent or at extremely high production costs. These components are also not, as currently required, suitable for the rapid assembly of buildings, where they advantageously immediately connect already prefabricated components up to 20 m long and up to 4 m wide, which are only fastened to already erected columns or to each other by fastening elements, h

• · · · ·

7 such as screws, nails, etc., and inexpensive erection with these components is hardly possible.

For example, as is known from DE 925 858 C2, spacers are inserted into recessed recessing recesses in the cover layers to increase the connecting surfaces between the spacers and the spacer layers and glued, which in order not to decrease the load capacity, increases the thickness of the cover layers at least by the depth of the recesses so that the material consumption of the cover layers will have to be greatly increased. These components made of wood are therefore not available for spans of up to 20 m and a width of 4 m and are therefore no longer capable of meeting the current economic requirements of the market.

A further disadvantage of these wood-glued structural components is that the use in areas threatened by earthquakes is only limited as they can only be used as a large-scale building component by serving as spaced-spaced beams spanning the large-area building. however, there can also be no further conversion of the dynamic forces acting on the plate into the plate itself. In another case, when a plurality of longitudinally oriented structural members are joined to each other on their longitudinal side surfaces, the cover layers or the laminates fail. the passports in the area of the glued joints and the assembled panel is tilted to the side or bursts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a self-supporting load-bearing construction element which is dimensionally stable and easy to manufacture and of wood material in which

The necessary material fraction can be kept as low as possible for production. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a thin-walled structural arrangement of a building component which can be used in areas at risk of seismic effects. It is further an object of the invention that the building component exhibits different properties for different applications, such as e.g. such as thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is solved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 in that the covering layers and spacers (18) are made of wood or wood and the material proportion of the covering layers with a minimum span or length of 6 m is less than 0.03 m ³ / m ² surface area, preferably from 0.01 to 0.024 m ³ / m ² surface area and the material fraction of the non-planar spacer elements is less than 0.005 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component, preferably from 0.0035 to 0 , 0043 m ³ / m ^{2 of} building component.

The surprising advantage of this solution is that the use of spacers and wood-based spacers and the formation of spatially shaped, in particular corrugated spacers, will significantly reduce the required proportion of wood relative to wood-based components, even at the same load-bearing capacity, and the net weight as well as the entire material requirement can also be maintained over a large span. small. In addition, it is also possible to prevent the cover layer from bulging with the wave-shaped spacers ¹ and also to transfer the load in both the longitudinal and the width directions substantially to the same extent.

-9 ······· · · · ·

It is also the task of the invention is solved by according to the characterizing part of claim 2 in that the strip-shaped non-flat spacing elements are made from wood or wood material, and ^ ťvbři ^_ BD ≥ 50% ^_ io "98% of the volume of the construction element, wherein the spacing elements distributed across the the surface area of the cover layer constitutes from 10% to 50%, in particular 20% of the material volume of the building component. The surprising advantage of the above-mentioned features is that spacers, which form the bulk of the component, can transmit high loads or forces and / or moments to adjust the component, evenly distributed loads being taken over by thin-walled coverings and thin-walled spacers. A further advantage is also that the forces in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the component can now be absorbed and distributed uniformly over the entire cross-section.

Furthermore, the object of the invention is also achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 3, in that the covering layers and spacers consist of at least one layer of wood or wood elements arranged in a random spatial position interconnected by means of a binder, in particular wood chips or wood. of fiber materials, with at least locally interposed cavities or pores lying between the wood or wood elements, the cured connecting and / or reinforcing means penetrating the connecting surface of the spacers and with the wood or wood elements and / or with the pores and / or cavities forming at least one connecting region between the covering layer and the spacer element a connecting and / or reinforcing zone arranged over a portion of the thickness of the covering layers and the height of the spacer elements having a higher mechanical load capacity than the areas of the covering layer and the spacer elements adjoining the connecting

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and / or a reinforcing region.

The advantage is that the bonding and / or reinforcing means, which is liquid in the initial state, penetrate in the joining areas of the joining surfaces of the spacer element and the covering layer with open or diffusely open, ΡθΐΎz and on the joining surfaces of wood or wood elements. arranged in offset with respect to the connecting surfaces, adheres respectively to the joint surfaces. it is at least partially absorbed and optionally fills cavities formed between wood or wood elements. After a predetermined setting time, the cured bonding and / or stiffening means form a bonding and / or stiffening zone between the cover layer and the spacer element extending beyond the bonding faces inside the spacer and cover layer, thereby providing a simple cross-section providing load transfer. The load-bearing component according to the invention therefore makes use of the fact that wood-based covering layers and spacers have an open-pore structure for manufacturing purposes, which promotes diffusion of the bonding and / or reinforcing agent, especially the adhesive, due to capillary action, to the narrow side surfaces of the spacer elements and in the joining area to the inner surface of the cover layers, by creating this increased joining and / or reinforcing zone, high mechanical loads can be transmitted by the component, particularly in tension, compression, shear and torsion, now also when joining spacers with butt-covering liners and with small cross-sections of spacers and liners.

Depending on the embodiment of claims 4 to 7, Γι may be used

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Known and well proven and in large numbers at low production cost, coarse chipboard, chipboard ^- fGSBj - or chipboard (FPY, MDF, HDF) is produced, which contributes to the economically favorable construction of the load-bearing component. In addition, it is possible to adapt to different types of loads and different applications.

According to claim 8, it is possible to achieve a further increase in the load-bearing capacity of the load-bearing component when it is between adjacent non-planar and non-planar components. at least one further linearly extending spacer element is disposed by the waveguide spacer elements.

Also preferred are solutions according to claims 9 and 10, wherein the thickness of the spacer is from 4 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 6 to 14 mm, for example 8 mm, and the thickness of the covering layer is from 6 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 8 mm. up to 14 mm, for example 12 mm. Advantageously, the thin-walled load-carrying structure advantageously allows the formation of curved spacers by means of manufacturing methods known in the art, such as pressing, advantageously under the action of temperature.

A further embodiment according to claims 11 to 13 is advantageous in that even the largest pores and / or cavities are filled with liquid adhesive diffusing into the surfaces to be joined and the adhesive is absorbed in part by wood or wood elements, forming a reinforcement inside the spacer or covering layer. region, and between the spacer and the cover layer form a connecting or a reinforcing region which is predominantly suited to transmit greater shear forces through the bonding

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0000 0 00 00 00 00 and / or reinforcement zone. This is all the more possible the more the structure of the spacers and the wood-covering layer is liquid - the liquid adhesive material is distributed over a portion of its surface by capillary action, or is sucked in fracture strength values up to 7 N / mm ² , even by butt bonding.

Further embodiments according to claims 14 and 15 have the advantage that, for different static and / or dynamic load cases, in particular for forces acting in a direction parallel to the plane of the components, an adaptation can occur and the component can be influenced by its elastic respectively. oscillating behavior, especially for use in areas exposed to seismic effects. By correspondingly selecting the connecting regions, it is possible in a simple manner to form a partial region of the spacer which lies between two successive connecting regions in a flexible manner and to optimize it due to the dynamic load.

The solution according to claim 16 allows a combination between a wood or wood material covering layer and a wood or wood material covering layer, which makes it possible to carry out spatial shaping with this component. It is thus possible for a part of the cover layer to be formed of a plastic plate, in particular transparent and possibly colored, for example of plastic.

Preference is given to embodiments according to claims 17 to 20, by means of which a load-bearing structural component is provided which can be modified for various purposes of use, for example durability

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AND

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-13 Against fire or moisture or resistance to weather or sound or heat. Thus, it is possible in a simple manner to provide a building with a flame retardant area or to provide at least one of the cover layers as a flame retardant area so that the building element retains its load-bearing capacity up to a predetermined fire resistance time. In addition, the layer fitted on the side of the cover layer or the cover layers facing away from the spacer elements may consist of a wear-resistant material and a highly-stressable material, for example plastic, thereby widening the spectrum of use of the building component. It is also advantageous to provide a cover layer with a vapor barrier, thereby preventing the passage of water vapor and thus improving the functionality of the building component. For example, the layer may be formed of a water-releasing material to take into account the fire resistance requirement.

According to claim 21, the optimum consumption of material or material volume of the core layer from the spacer elements of the building component is found, and the wave-like spacer elements prevent the bulging of the cover layers due to J shock loads. Large-area cover layers spanning the core layer make it possible to pass the force in the cover layers and to transfer the force to the core layers.

According to further variants of the embodiments according to Figs. 22 to 24, a structural component which is modifiable to various stresses or loads capable of carrying loads, which is particularly resistant to external influences, is produced by standardized materials. In addition, large-scale covering layers also prove to be advantageous, since it is now possible to accept high loads at the same time with a low component weight.

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14a to cover large spans, for example 6 m and 12 m, and to increase the load-bearing capacity as well as the torsional resistance of the component by creating multilayer covering layers and / or spacers. The functionality of the component can additionally be increased

X by providing at least one of the cover layers as a vapor barrier.

According to claim 25, the use of standardized cheap wood and / or wood materials is allowed. The connecting surface of the spacer elements can thus also be advantageously increased.

The embodiments according to claims 26 and 27 have the disadvantage that with a low number of individual layers with different or intersecting fiber directions, it is possible to construct a structural member which is bending in the longitudinal direction and / or the transverse direction and / or torsion. of which at least one bundle layer accepts a function of transversely distributing the loads acting externally, and the other bundled layer can receive a large part of the tensile and / or compressive forces in the plane of the plate. By orienting the fibers of the individual layers optimized in terms of force flow, optimum longitudinal and transverse fiber distribution of the individual layers is possible. As a result, the component has a high load-bearing capacity in several directions and can be produced with large spans or spacers due to the continuous force flow in the cover layers and / or spacers. lengths.

In the embodiment according to claim 28, a building component can be provided which is heavy-duty and has a low weight.

According to claim 29, the full-area overlap is a »

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It is possible to achieve the joining of several partial or component layers in the cover layer and / or spacer element, which can be subjected to high tensile or compressive stresses by overlapping and overlapping the individual partial and component layers, as much as possible to reduce the profile area.

A further embodiment according to claim 30 is also advantageous, by which simple production and low machine requirements are possible. A further advantage is that no bevel of the veneer sections is required and layer irregularities are avoided.

The design according to claim 31 makes it possible to utilize the entire coarse cross-section in the longitudinal directions and, on the one hand, low production costs are maintained and on the other hand the substantially pure cross-section is used in the longitudinal direction of the component. tensile forces.

Also advantageous is the embodiment according to claim 32, in which it is possible, on the one hand, to create diffusion-open cover layers by simply making through holes and, on the other hand, to avoid additional manufacturing costs by using standardized materials.

However, embodiments according to claims 33 and 34 are also advantageous, since any arbitrary solid body whose fields of application are widely used can be manufactured in a simple manner.

In the embodiment according to claim 35, supply lines, in particular water lines, power lines, etc., may be arranged in the free spaces between the spacers.

IN'·.

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-16These free spaces or ducts assume ventilation or ventilation functions.

In the embodiment according to claim 36, a property adapted to different requirements, in particular a decrease in heat permeability or noise attenuation, can be achieved. However, it is also advantageous in this connection to have a plurality of airtightly sealed cavities distributed over the covering surface of the components in which the filler is deposited, since this segmentation does not give rise to undesirable phenomena, even if the component is inclined. as thermal insulation. A further advantage is that the filler remains intact in the closed cavities due to environmental influences, which results in a high durability and resistance of the components. Naturally, fiber reinforced plastic may also be added to the filler to increase the load-bearing capacity and shear resistance of the component.

According to claim 37, the mounting of steam valves etc. in the cavities can compensate for the pressure generated, in particular, by irradiation with sunlight or high temperature differences to atmospheric pressure, since the cavities are airtight but vapor permeable in the longitudinal direction of the probe.

The embodiment according to claim 38 is also advantageous, since it is possible to form a large-scale endless and dimensionally stable component from a plurality of individual components, whereby the components to be joined together can also assume high tensile stresses in the joining region and unacceptable movements in perpendicular and / or horizontal direction. .

Compressive forces without building components

Advantageously, it is preferred

17 when a recess and / or projection is formed in the front end region of the cover layers and / or spacers through which the components to be joined to one another would be held in position and / or position relative to one another. interconnected in form and force transmitting contact. In this way, a continuous connecting region transmitting force and / or torque is obtained between a plurality of interconnected components.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the load applied to the sheet is transferred to a plurality of components connected to the sheet, whereby, due to the load distribution, the components can be formed with a low height and wall thickness and hence a low weight. In this case, it is advantageous if the recess and / or the projection are in the form of abutment and / or connecting surfaces inclined at an angle from the front end, so that under high loads, in particular shear loads, they can be absorbed by abutting abutment and / or A slight displacement of the two mutually positioned components can occur in the interconnecting surfaces, which does not occur in the transverse direction by clamping or breaking in the component.

The solution according to claim 39 is also advantageous, since the structural component has a high load-bearing capacity in a comparatively thin construction in several spatial directions, since a uniform load distribution can occur. An additional advantage is an increase in shear force transmission in the width direction of the component, while it is possible to prevent the wall elements from tipping over when the components are inclined.

The use of a building component according to claim 1 is also advantageous

-18Φ 9 9 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · * · · ·

As a formwork plate, even in large-format formats such as 10 m long and 3 m wide, the panel can take up a heavy load, in particular up to 10 tons, without unduly deforming the plate.

According to claim 41, the invention proposes the use of the aforementioned structural element as a wall and / or roof and / or ceiling element of a load-bearing structure, for carrying a payload, particularly in shocks and / or soft ground environments. This is made possible by the fact that the panel has low weight and high rigidity and hence a high natural oscillation frequency, especially in the case of forces acting in a direction parallel to the structural member. Furthermore, the number of statically problematic spots between the components can be greatly reduced by providing large-format building components in relation to a predetermined surface, such as a ceiling surface, a wall surface, etc. Due to the different orientation of the wood or wood elements in the covering layer and / or in the spacer element, the stress peaks generated during the earthquake are also reduced, especially in corner areas such as door or window openings of buildings, so optimum use of the building component is possible. seismic areas. Furthermore, the use of a building element as a roof element also allows it to be supported or laid on gable walls or partition walls, thereby reducing the labor and cost of truss construction.

The component according to claim 42 finds application primarily as a floor or roof component, to which a plurality of components are stacked. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of building components are stacked thereon with a lateral pře ···

-19 offset, extending beyond the at least one longitudinal side surface and / or the transverse side surface of the building component. For example, when a building component is used as a floor component, the building components are stacked in a row adjacent to each other so that a liquid-tight connection is formed between the adjacent building components.

However, the object of the invention is also solved by the measures according to claim 43. The advantage here is that it is now possible to produce a fully automated component in an endless process in a simple manner at a low cost, in a very simple manner. It is particularly advantageous for making the arrangement of spacers perpendicular to the inner surface and connecting the spacers to the butt-covering layer.

Furthermore, the object of the invention is solved by the measures of claim 44. The advantage is that it is possible to respond to the series requirement with other formats and without major remodeling work, so high production flexibility is possible.

Also advantageous is the measure according to claim 45, as a result of which the production of a building component in an endless process can be greatly reduced.

According to claims 46 to 48, various variants of the production of the component are proposed, by means of which a different sequence of production processes can be carried out and the core layer of spacer elements which in the stretched state forms approximately lattice. be connected. The measure according to claim 39 is particularly advantageous and can therefore be

Simple application of the fastening and / or strengthening means on the narrow sides of the spacer elements. According to claim 40, it is advantageous that already preformed spacers, for example molded or extruded wood-based panel elements, can be deposited on the covering layer in a tension-free state and connected thereto. Thereby, the core layer forms a substantially force-free system, so that it is possible to avoid, in particular, shear forces within the bonding and / or reinforcing zone caused by the backward deformation forces of the spacer elements.

The measure according to claim 49 is also advantageous in that the structure formed by pores, cavities and wood elements becomes accessible or increases in the region of the connecting surfaces of the cover layer and the spacers, thereby improving the creep and / or flow. diffusing the bonding and / or reinforcing means inside the material of the cover layer and the spacers; full-area mounting for spacers on the inner surface of the cover layer.

The measure according to claim 50 is advantageous, since during the production of the building element in the immediately following working step, the building element can be manufactured as an end product, as a roof element with support elements such as roof battens and / or weather protection.

Finally, there are also preferred arrangements for receiving the fastening and / or reinforcing means according to claims 51 and 52.

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21 Examples of embodiments of the invention

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a structural component in a highly simplified schematic representation; FIG. 2 is a plan view of sub-regions of two interconnected structural components in a highly simplified schematic representation; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a part of a building with bearing grooves for spacers as known per se in a highly simplified schematic representation; Fig. 4 is a plan view of a sub-region of a building in a highly simplified schematic representation; 5 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the component according to the invention, in a highly simplified schematic representation; FIG. 7 shows a further variant of the construction according to the invention, in plan view of the core layer, in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 8 a perspective view of a plurality of interconnected components, in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a structural member, in front view and in a highly simplified schematic representation; Fig. 11 is a front view of a structural component in a strongly simplified schematic representation; Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the component according to the invention, in a front view and in a highly simplified schematic representation;

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a sub-region of a structural member with a cover layer construction according to the invention and with a spacer in view, in a highly simplified schematic view; 16 is a perspective view of the component according to the invention, in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line XVII-XVII in FIG. 16 in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. and the cover layer, in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 19 detail showing the effect of mutual scraping between the spacer and the cover layer, after the spacer element has been extracted, in section and in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 21 shows an exemplary embodiment of a construction component according to the invention, in a perspective view and in a highly simplified schematic representation, and FIG. 22 shows another embodiment of a construction component in a highly simplified side view, and FIG. schematic representation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It should be noted at the outset that in different embodiments, the same parts and groups of parts are designated with the same reference numerals, and the facts contained in the description may be transferred to parts and groups of parts provided with the same reference numerals. Also, the position data selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., can be referenced to the immediately described as well as shown figure and can be transferred to a new position when the position is changed. Furthermore, they may be ·· »t ··

The individual features or combinations of features of the various embodiments shown and described are separate inventive solutions.

1-4, a planar, self-supporting and dimensionally stable component 1 according to the invention is shown in various views and in a highly simplified schematic representation. The structural component 1, designed as a load-bearing and / or self-supporting and torsion-resistant at least partly wood and / or wood material, constitutes in particular a multilayer board which can be used as a roof and / or wall and / or floor and / or ceiling panel, etc. Due to the high torsional stiffness of the structural members 1, materials or substances sensitive to breakage can now also be deposited on the panels. In the illustrated embodiment, the panel has a width 2 defining the distance of mutually parallel longitudinal side faces 3 arranged perpendicular to the transverse side faces 5, which are at a distance corresponding to the length 4 of the panel.

As shown in this exemplary embodiment, the panel has two parallel or single layer multilayer cover layers 7 spaced apart from one another forming a height 6 perpendicular to the width 2 of the length 2 between which lies another layer 10 defining a partial height 9, in particular a core layer 11. The height 12 of the component 1 consists of the sum of the height of the side walls 13 and the thicknesses 14 of the cover layers 7. The plate-shaped cover layers 7, which are expediently planar, calibrated and / or grinded or multilayer formed, 16a for the core layer 11 interposed therebetween. The side faces 17 of the side walls 13 facing each other, save the side walls 13.

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9, perpendicular to the cover surface 15a, delimit the core layer 11 over their width, the core layer 11, as shown in this exemplary embodiment, it at least locally borders the side surface 17 of the side wall 13.

In order to define the height 6, the cover layers 7 are kept at a distance from one another and / or multilayer assembled strip spacers 18, preferably made of wood which support them. Spacers 18, preferably perpendicular to the cover layers 7, form one or more wave-like or meander-shaped wall elements 19 spaced apart from one another in the direction / length A and / or width 2. These have the shape of a periodically repeating continuous Naturally, spacers 18 having a length greater than the length 4 of the component 1 can also run substantially parallel to the cover layers 7, so that the apexes 20 abut against the faces 15a of the cover layers 7 facing them.

As shown in the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 1, at least two spacers 18 arranged parallel to one another are offset by half a wavelength, in particular the wall elements 19 which are possibly supported on each other, even in an unlocked state or only under a corresponding load. as a result, they tangentially overlap or touch in the region of the apexes 20, at least in a spot and in particular linear fashion. By correspondingly supporting the wall elements 19, high transverse forces can be absorbed. The wall parts 19, arranged parallel and offset by half a wavelength, define a cavity between two consecutive vertices 20.

-25 »0 0 00 0000 0 0

0 0, '0 0 0 ·

0. ·· »» · 0 · 0 0 · ‘0

0000 0 · 0 0 0 0 or a chamber which is closed on all sides and is airtight but vapor permeable.

The panel 1, in particular the laminated board, therefore comprises a plurality of cavities 21 or chambers separated from each other by the contact areas. Advantageously, the partial regions of the two facing surfaces 23, 24 of the wall elements 19 contact tangentially, but they can optionally be roughened. The cavities 21 or chambers can naturally also be diamond-shaped. Optionally, the spacers 18 may be spaced apart from each other in such a way that they rest against each other only in the loaded state or are biased towards each other in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the component 1.

Preferably, the distance (transverse spacing) 25 of the peaks between the two facing elements 19, measured in the width direction 2, which is from 200 to 700 mra, preferably from 300 to 500 mm, is dimensioned less than the distance (longitudinal). the spacing 26 measured in the length direction between two successive contact areas 22 which is from 800 mm to 3000 mm, preferably from 1000 mm to 1400 mm. The thickness 27 of the wall elements 19 is from 4 to 20 mm, preferably from 8 to 12 mm, and is preferably equal to or greater than the thickness of the cover layers 14, which is from 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 5 to 10 mm. mm. The opposing narrow side surfaces 28 of the wall elements 19 facing the surface surfaces 15a of the cover layers 7, preferably having the same or greater width than the thickness 27 of the spacer elements 18, are with the cover surface 15a and 15a, respectively. the connecting surface 16a of the cover layers 7 are joined at least in a form-fitting and / or force-transmitting contact, in particular glued in form-fitting or butt-glued, etc. Thickness 29 directly * 4 ^! <8 • «

-26 linear wall elements 30 resp. The side walls 13, which is from 5 to 40 mm, preferably from 20 to 35 mm, are equally large or larger, preferably greater than the thickness 27 of the wall elements 19.

The self-supporting component 1 with two or more spatially formed and / or multilayer cover layers 7 is connected and connected by means of spacers 18 distributed over the surfaces 15a of the cover layers 7 at least locally in the form-fit and / or force-transmitting joints. The fastening points between the spacers 18 and the cover layers 7 are disposed in spaced apart positions at a distance from each other and at a distance transverse to the longitudinal direction at a distance greater than the thickness of the spacers 18. Spacers 18 are supported at least in partial areas to transmit force to adjacent spacers 18 or are displaceably connected thereto.

The spacers 18 can also be supported on one another only under load, with the support capable of transmitting the load, so that they lie at a small distance from one another in the unloaded state.

Λ

In order to enlarge the connecting surface 16b of the spacers 18, these spacers may be provided with at least one bar extending along their height 9 on their two outer regions over at least a portion of the length of the spacers 18 connected to the side surfaces 23, 24 of the spacers 18. .

• · * · · · · · · · · ·

'· · ··· 9'

The ratio of the transverse spacing 25 measured transverse to the length direction to the longitudinal spacing 26 measured in the length direction is from 1: 2 to 1: 4, preferably from 1: 3.33 to 1: 3.5.

The essential advantage of the self-supporting and load-bearing building component 1 having a low weight is primarily that for the cover layers 7 and spacers 18, preferably made of wood and / or wood materials, a proportion of wood is required for the cover layers 7 at a minimum span or a length 4 of 6 m smaller than 0.04 m ³ / m ² surface area 15a, 15b, preferably from 0.01 to 0.035 m ³ / m ² surface area. 15a, 15b, and the wood fraction of the strip-like spacer elements 18, in particular the wall elements 19, 30 and / or the side walls 13 is from 0.0015 to 0.01 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} total building component 1.

By way of example, the thickness 27, 29 of the spacing elements 18, in particular the spatially shaped or undulating wall elements 19, is 12 mm and the rectilinear wall elements 30 or side walls 13 30 mm and at a height of 6, 9 side walls 13 or wall elements 19 140 mm, a material proportion of approximately 0.00826 m ³ / m ^{2 is required} . In the case of non-planar wall elements 19 with a transverse distance of 25 400 mm, having a height of 9 140 mm, a material proportion of approximately 0.005 m ³ / m ^{2 is required} . Naturally, the thickness of the side wall 13 may be of a different dimension than the thickness 27 of the wall elements 19, 30.

The total material consumption of wood and / or wood materials at a thickness of 14 of the 6 mm covering layers 7 is then approximately 0.0203 m ³ / m ² . For this purpose two rectilinear side walls 13 or wall elements 30 are used

.. v.

• ·

and seven spatially shaped, respectively. non-plane respectively. of the corrugated wall elements 19, wherein the component 1, which extends in the longitudinal direction at both mutually opposite end regions and in the center and thus forms a plurality of sub-regions between the mounting locations, has a length of 12 m and width 2 of 2500 mm.

The following functional relationships are used as the basis for the calculation:

m ² non-planar wall element / m ² building element = (height of spacer elements x 1 meter length x number of non-planar wall elements x 1,06): (width of building element x 1 meter length) m ² linear wall element / m ² building element = (height of spacers x 1 meter length x number of rectilinear wall elements):

(structural element width xl meter length) m uneven wall element / construction element = (spacing height x 1 meter length x number of non-planar wall elements x wall element thickness x 1.06): (structural width x 1 meter length) m ³ linear wall element / m ² construction element = (height of spacer elements x 1 meter length x number of rectilinear wall elements x wall element thickness x 1,06): (width of building element x 1 meter length)

-29 • · · 9 9 * · ♦ ·· ····

9 * · ♦ ··· 9

9 9 9 9 9 · · ·

9999 9 9 9 9 9y 9 9 9

9 9 9 · · · ·· ·

999 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 9 9

In this example, the rectilinear wall elements 30 apply as side walls 13.

The material proportion of wood and / or wood materials for this example is divided as follows:

Total volume resp. the spatial volume at a partial length of 6 m is approximately 0.152 m ³ / m ² .

Uneven wall elements 19 need 3.2%, rectilinear wall elements 30 approximately 2.1%, cover layers 7 approximately 7.8% of the total volume, respectively. the volume of the core layer 11 is approximately 92%.

Naturally, any arbitrary design depending on static requirements is possible.

The self-supporting, structurally stable component 1 with one or more cover layers 11 comprises a plurality of spatially shaped spacers 18 distributed over the surfaces 15a of the cover layers 7, which are at least locally connected to the cover layers 7 in form and / or force transmitting contact. The core layer 11 constitutes from 50% to 98% of the volume of the component 1. The spacer elements 18, distributed over the cover surface 15a of the cover layer 7, need from 10 % to 50% of the material volumes of the component 1, wherein the narrow faces 28 of the spacers 18 facing the surfaces 15a. are arranged substantially parallel to the surface 15a of the cover layers 7. &quot;

It should be pointed out that the building component 1, in particular the cover layers 7 and / or the wall elements 19, 30, can also consist of a metallic or non-metallic material and / or a glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Naturally, it is also possible that the wall elements 19 offset one another by half of the length of the wave or arranged in the same phase, preferably curved, are spaced apart in the width direction, and therefore there are several cavities arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction. 21 or chambers bounded by the corrugated wall elements 19 and / or the rectilinear wall elements 30 or the side walls 13.

Furthermore, the wall elements 19, 30 and / or the wall elements 19 and the side walls 13 in the region of the apexes 20 or the contact areas 22 can also be connected in a form-fitting and / or force-transmitting contact.

2 shows a plan view of a plurality of components 1 in a highly simplified and schematic representation. The spaced apart wall elements 19, with a thickness 29, which are offset by half a wave length relative to each other, border at least locally linearly with the surface 17 of the side wall 13 or with the surface 23, 24 of the rectilinear wall element 30 which is formed with a thickness 29 corresponding to their distance.

If a gap is left between two adjacent spacers 18, the circulation of the environment is possible through this cavity or channel delimited by the gap, as is necessary for the gap.

-31— Providing ventilation and ventilation tasks.

The wall element 30 or side wall 13 and the wave-shaped wall element 19 define a cavity 21 or a chamber. Of course, it is also possible for the mutually adjacent wave-shaped wall elements 19 to be parallel to each other and to run in phase coincidence or with phase displacement and spaced apart. One or more wall elements 30 may be disposed between the wall elements 19. Naturally, the wall elements 19 may be interconnected in one or more regions 22 overlapping the cover layers 7 and / or the wall element 30. Naturally, there may be between the rectilinear wall element 30 and / or or a plurality of non-planar wall elements 19 are also provided by the side walls 13.

A plurality of components 1, which are butt-stacked in the region of the connection 32 and are connected in an infinite form to each other in form-fit and / or force-transmitting contact, can be joined to one of the large-scale components by one or more connecting elements 31. Advantageously, the interlocking components 1, in particular their cover layers 7, comprise at least one of the faces facing each other which are located at the end regions 33 and / or on the narrow faces of the cover layers 7, a supporting and / or connecting surface 34 (FIG. 3), which is arranged at least obliquely over the thickness 14. Preferably, the support and / or connection surface 34 extends over the entire width 2 and / or length 4 or only over part of the width 2 and / or length 4 of the cover layers 7. of at least two groove-like recesses 35 with at least two abutment and / or connecting surfaces 34, converging to one another both in the inclination into which it rises or • · · · ·· ··

A filler and / or adhesive layer is expediently interposed between the facing and interlocking surfaces 34 of the two facing components 1. By such a combination of connecting elements 31, a large-area, one-piece building component capable of transmitting loads and, in particular, subjected to high tensile and bending loads can be formed. Of course, the side walls 13 can also be provided with a connecting element 31 so that the locally overlapping side walls 13 can be connected to one another.

The wall elements 19 and / or 30 of the interconnected components 1 may be butt-connected or overlapping or overlapping locally in the connection region 32, where they may also be joined by force transfer and / or positive fit.

As can be better deduced from FIG. 3, the component 1 is in the end region 33. connected to another component 1, provided with a recess 35 into which the projection of the other component 1 protrudes. Spacers 18, butt-wound or overlapping in the connection region 2, and / or the cover layer 7 of the components 1 form an even flat transition between the interconnected building components 1 and allow the force-transmitting and / or form-fitting connection to form a force and / or torque-transmitting member 31. Naturally, spacers 18 and / or cover layers 7 facing each other in the connection region 32 can be provided with bevels.

The wall elements 19 and / or the wall elements 30 form a spacing between the cover layers 7, which are preferably multilayered,

-33 • 0 000 · ···· height height 9, subtracting the depth of the grooves for accommodating the wall elements 19, 30, as will be described more precisely. Furthermore, it would also be possible for a plurality of components 1 to be connected to each other by means of at least one fastener on the facing surfaces 15b of the cover layers 15 in form-fit and / or force-transmission contact.

As can be further deduced from FIG. 3, the cover layer 7 may be formed as a multilayer. For example, the cover layer ... 7 is formed by an intermediate layer 36 lying between spaced apart top layers 37 joined together by a filler and / or adhesive layer or synthetic resin. The intermediate layer 36 may be formed by glued or pressed together moldings 38 of wood and / or wood, or a sandwich part, for example consisting of different foam plastics or corresponding aluminum construction and wood or wood, and the like.

Of course, there is also the possibility that the intermediate layer 36 is formed from a prepreg known in the art, in particular a fiber prepreg, or from veneer layers arranged in the longitudinal direction and / or in a direction oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction, or intersecting and glued together wherein the veneer layers are deposited to optimize the force flow.

Suitably, for this purpose, the at least one veneer layer of the cover layers 2 and / or the wall elements 19, 30 and / or the side walls 13 in a plane perpendicular to the length direction and / or transverse to the longitudinal direction of the veneer layer comprises at least one bevel S, which corresponds to another bevel S to be associated with it. Thereby an overlapping or bonding area is formed between the individual veneer layers. Advantageously, the bevels S are arranged so that they lie in the opposite covering layers 7 in the longitudinal direction at a distance, i.e. offset. For better clarity, this has been shown schematically in FIG.

Another not illustrated embodiment is that in the longitudinal direction of the building element 1 a plurality of spaced-apart spacers 18, in particular wall elements 19, 30, abut one another, or that these elements are placed in at least locally overlapping or overlapping positions and are optionally combined. Suitably, the connection areas in the longitudinal direction of the component 1 are displaced with respect to each other so that substantially no positive breaking points are created which would result from the connection points lying in the same plane. Naturally, the cover layers 7 can thus be formed in the same way.

Naturally, vapor barriers or fiber reinforcements or flame retardants can also be placed between the individual veneer layers. Conveniently between the topsheets having width 2 and / or length 4 are rectangular cross-sectional bars whose larger cross-sectional dimension preferably lies in the thickness direction 14 of the cover layer 7. The strips 38 arranged in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the cover layers 7 are bonded to the topsheets 37, in particular glued together. The topsheets 37 overlapping the narrow sides of the strips 38 provide a high bending and tensile strength to the cover layer 7, which, if desired by providing one or more metal and / or plastic strips 38, contribute to increasing the flexural strength in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction.

Flick fl fll fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl

-35 • fl ···· fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl Fl fl

As schematically illustrated, spacers 18, in particular wall elements 19 and / or 30, may comprise a plurality of layers, one or more intermediate layers 40 being formed between the top layers 39, which are formed, for example, of wood and / or wood or synthetic resins and Naturally, there is a possibility that the cover layers 7 and / or the wall elements 19 and / or 30 consist of plank slats or blind plywood or molded chip-based parts with reinforcement, or without reinforcement or metal, etc.

The recessed groove 41, recessed in at least one of the facing surfaces 17 of the cover layers 7, positions or holds the wall elements 19 and / or 30 extending in the longitudinal or transverse direction embedded in the groove 41. The cross-sectional course of the wall elements 19 and / or 30 with a cross-sectional course of the bearing grooves 41, the width of the bearing grooves 41 being expediently dimensioned as slightly larger than the thickness 27 or 29 of the wall elements 19 or 30, in which they are supported in the hollow groove defined by sealant, etc., or a plastic grout for positioning the wall elements 19, 30. Naturally, it is also possible to form the bearing groove 41 as a flush fit groove.

FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of the component 1 in plan view with a highly simplified schematic representation. A plurality of wall elements 19, 30 are disposed in the longitudinal direction between the two opposing side walls 13 in the longitudinal direction, wherein at least two wall elements 19, 30 are disposed in the longitudinal direction.

a linear wall element 30 is disposed with the wall elements 19, 30 displaced relative to one another by half the wave length. an adjacent corrugated wall element 19 adjoins immediately to the preceding corrugated wall element 19 so that the corrugated wall elements 19 or the corrugated and linear wall elements 30 adjoin the time. At least one of the cover layers 2 comprises an additional layer 43 connected over the filler or adhesive layer 42 to the surface the further layer 43 in particular forms a protective layer 44 formed of a non-combustible or hardly flammable material, in particular a mineral material. Naturally, the protective plate 44 may be provided with a fireproof coating. The non-flammable or hardly flammable protective plate 44, optionally with a non-flammable coating, is bonded to the cover layer 6 with a low flammable adhesive. Another possibility is that the layer 43 is formed, for example, of mineral wool for thermal insulation or of plastic, such as foamed polystyrene, or of veneer layers or of metal or radiation-repellent materials, such as lead.

The protective plate 44 may be made of a non-combustible, but in the case of fire, foamable and insulating material, for example potassium or sodium silicate. Naturally, the layer 43 may, for example, be a façade cladding, such as a decorative panel, etc., or a plastic film or a laminate of plastic or aluminum or a sheet or veneer layer or a water repellent material, in particular impregnated materials.

Another possibility is to integrate solar energy elements, especially collectors or photovoltaics.

···· • 0 · ·

Figures 2 and 4 show only exemplary embodiments with respect to the arrangement of the wall elements 19, 30 between the two opposite, preferably parallel, side walls

Naturally, the wall elements 19, as shown, may also be arranged concurrently and with the same phase, and / or multiple wall elements 19 offset by half the wave length may be combined, and the other wall elements 19 are arranged with the same phase, wherein, for example, linear wall elements 30, at least locally, may be disposed therebetween. The wall elements 19, 30 and / or the side walls 13 and / or the cover layers 7 may be joined to each other in a force-transmitting and / or positive fit, in particular glued, harvested, stapled, etc.

5 and 6 show further variants of the embodiment in different views in a strongly simplified schematic representation. The component 1 shown in FIG. 5 consists essentially of cover layers T having width 2 and length 7, side walls 13 defining width 2, and spacers 18 having a height, in particular, of wall elements 19 and / or 30. the elements 19, 30 arranged between the cover layers 7 extend in the direction of the length 4 and / or the width 2 of the component 1, as can also be derived for the other embodiments, and may consist of one or more sub-layers.

One of the two single-layered or multi-layered and spatially shaped cover layers is formed as a curved concave cover layer 7 facing the plate-like second cover layer 2. Naturally, the cover layer 7 lying opposite to the planar cover layer 7 may have a convexly curved shape. ··

The surfaces, or both, facing and parallel to each other have the same convex or concave curvature so as to form a substantially circular arc segment. In this way, various shapes of bulk bodies or components 1 can be formed. Preferably, the spacers 18 are glued to the cover layers 7 as they are formed, thereby increasing the load-bearing capacity. The production of the individual components required is expediently carried out by means of CNC machines with economical production costs.

If one of the two opposing heights 9 of the core layer or the height 12 of the building element 1, consisting of the height 9 and the thicknesses 14 of the covering layers, is substantially higher than the height 9 opposite to it, the building element 1 can be manufactured. by placing an abrasion-resistant plastic coating on the surface 15b of the cover layer 7 facing away from the core layer 11, for example a skateboard track which, after filling cavities 21 or chambers with material, in particular recycled material, plastic etc. minimizing noise by attenuating sound waves. AND?

Another embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows that at least one of the cover layers 7 or side walls 13 extends in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the component 1 at an angle to the opposite cover layer 7 or side wall 13 and, for example, forming a support element for the support structure. In this case, at least one cover layer 7, extending between the side walls 13, runs obliquely to this opposite cover layer 7. Of course, the two cover layers 7 can also be arranged to be convergent or parallel to one another.

···· «·· · · · ·

-39dané. Between these cover layers 7 are embedded wall elements 19, 30 running parallel to the side walls 13, whose height 9 decreases continuously as a function of the angular course towards the lower height 6 of the side wall 13.

Naturally, all geometrical shapes are possible in the arrangement of the cover layers 7 and / or the side walls 13 and the wall elements 19 and / or 30. For example, the building element 1 may have an approximately trapezoidal or square or rectangular cross-section whose cross-sectional dimensions they may increase or decrease in the longitudinal direction.

Fig. 7 shows another embodiment in plan view and in a substantially simplified schematic representation. The spacers 18 are formed by a plurality of cells 45, the walls 46 of which may be formed of wood and / or wood or metal, etc., preferably aluminum, and are arranged perpendicular to the surface 15a of the cover layer 7 towards the opposite cover. The cells 45 have a square and / or hexagonal honeycomb structure and their walls consist of partially single and partially double baffles 47 which are connected or welded together, etc. The side walls 13 and / or baffles 47 enclose airtight cavities or chambers. 21, which are optionally refillable with non-flammable or low flammable and / or heat insulating materials.

8 to 13, the component 48 according to the invention is shown in various views. The component 48 is formed by one or more at least partially overlapping components 1. The component 1 is substantially formed.

40 with cover layers 7 having width 2 and length 4, side walls 13 defining width 2, and spacers 18, in particular walls 19 and / or 30 and / or cells 45. As can be deduced from the examples, each of the embodiments may be provided with sound-absorbing, heat-insulating, non-flammable or low-flammable materials, as partially schematically shown, housed in cavities 21 or in chambers. The side surfaces 5 define a height 12, wherein the height 12 may have different sizes in the length direction of the components.

As not further illustrated, for example, one or more components 1 may also be connected to a bonded truss or support structure, etc. in the form of a primary structure.

As can be seen more clearly from FIG. 8, the multilayer building block 48 comprises at least two sub-building blocks 1 stacked on one another and in the width and / or length direction 4 and connected together in a positive fit and / or a force transmitting fit. The multilayer building blocks 48 are stacked one behind the other and / or adjacent to each other in the joining area 49 where the building panels 1 are on their mutually facing longitudinal side faces 2 and / or transverse lateral faces 4 and / or on the outer, facing and overlapping faces the surfaces 15b of the cover layers 7 are connected to each other in a form fit and / or a force transfer fit. Naturally, in the region of the longitudinal side surface 3, the joint region 42 may be designed to connect a plurality of components 1. Preferably, the two components 1 of one of the surfaces 50 are mutually opposed to the probe butt butt. Between the mutually facing longitudinal side surfaces 3 and / or the transverse side surfaces 4 and / or on one another

Preferably, a filler or adhesive layer is disposed on the facing surfaces 15b of the cover layers 7, which connect the two components 1 together in a form fit and / or a force transfer fit.

The components 1 on the surface facing away from the surface 50 and facing each other are preferably located at a small distance from each other, so that after the two components 1 are joined and joined together, a gap or a flexible expansion joint is formed so that possible tolerances such as angular error etc. They have no effect, for example, on the fluid-tight connection of the components 1 connected to each other on the surface 50. Alternatively, the components 1 can also be connected to each other in the connection region 49 on facing and overlapping transverse side surfaces 5 or surfaces 15b. Furthermore, any voltages caused by temperature differences can be compensated by the gap. By aligning a plurality of components 1, a large-area multilayer panel 48 may be formed, in particular a floor panel or a wall panel or a roof panel. /

Of course, there is also the possibility that the components 1 can also be offset relative to one another in the direction of their length 4 and / or width 2. A further possibility is that, for example, the component 1 facing the surface 50 projects on both opposite longitudinal side surfaces 3 and / or the front end regions 33.

As further schematically illustrated, it is also possible to use approximately I-shaped spacers 18 which are made of wood or preferably of extruded profiles.

42 made of plastic, etc., and formed substantially symmetrically opposite U-shaped wall sections having a common vertical web and transverse flanges. Between the vertical web and the transverse flanges, a transition region in the form of a circular arc is sized as large with respect to the height 9 of the spacer 18. The chamber located between the opposite transverse walls serves to receive the adhesive, especially waterproof adhesive, thereby increasing the joining surface 16b.

9 and 10, the cavities 21 and 22 are respectively 10 and 10, respectively. the chambers at least partially filled with heat and / or acoustic insulating and / or flame-retardant and / or non-flammable fillers 51, which may have various properties. By providing a series of cavities 21 or chambers, both the load distribution and the high shear strength of the building component 1 and the segmentation of the filler 51 are achieved. For example, the filler 51 may consist of bulk material, organic or inorganic substances, in particular sawdust or shavings, cellulose, etc. stone wool or plastics or recycled material. In particular, it is possible by segmenting to prevent bumps which may occur, for example, in the inclined or vertical position of the installation of the components 1 and 3, respectively. 48. By depositing different filler layers 51 having different thermal conductivity, it is possible to achieve an optimized thermal transmission. Of course, the filler 51 can, for example, also be reinforced with fibers.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the cavity 21 or chamber may also be partially filled with filler 51, leaving a free space between the filler surface 51 and the surface 15a. a loose air layer is available. Filler

-43 * 4

thus, it is still not immediately exposed to changing environmental conditions, so that the properties of the filler 51 are not adversely affected.

As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 11, a plurality of components 1 can naturally also be stacked therein, for example between at least one other component 1 extending at least one longitudinal side surface 3 and / or between two outer components 1 and / or transverse lateral surface 4 of at least one of the outer components 1. Thus, at least one insertion connection can be established between several adjacent components 1. Naturally, in this arrangement, the cavities 21 or chambers of the at least one component can also be filled in whole or in part filler 51.

12 and 13, two further embodiments are now shown in which the cavities 21 or chambers are completely or partially filled with fillers 51.

As shown in FIG. 12, the spaced-apart wall elements 19, 30 of the at least one component 1 receive the circulation of the medium and, as a result, no additional vapor barrier is required in the filled component 1. In addition, an additional load-bearing component 1 is achieved by an additional component 1 mounted on top. By placing a diffusion-open cover layer 7, which is achievable, for example, through the apertures passing through the cover layer 7 or diffusely open materials, the circulation of the medium is possible through both components 1. This makes it possible to avoid additional costs in the production of an additional arrangement or attachment to the.

In addition, there is a possibility that the medium may be circulated through through openings or diffusely open materials between multiple filled or unfilled components 1.

As can also be seen from this figure, the spacers 18 may comprise at least one topsheet 39 and at least one intermediate layer 40. The intermediate layer 40 is formed by a plurality of longitudinal strips extending in the longitudinal direction between opposing and spaced apart layers 39 of the spacers. Suitably, they are spaced apart at a height of 9, and the interlayers 40 are connected to the top layers 39, wherein a longitudinal strip is disposed in the end regions facing the cover layers 7. It is advantageous here that a larger connecting surface 16b is created and, in addition, a thermal improvement is achieved.

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment _f in which at least one component 1, in particular the cover layer 7, forms a defined flame control zone 52, the fabric composition of which is dimensioned on the basis of the required fire resistance time. This flame retardant control zone 52 may consist, for example, of a metallic or organic or inorganic material. All materials known in the art can be used for this purpose. These naturally also include materials which release water at elevated temperatures, such as aluminum hydroxides, alkali metal silicates, hydrated phosphates, hydrated borosilicates, etc. Conveniently, the strength layer 11 is also made of a non-flammable or non-flammable material. 0 * 00

0000 0 0

0 ·

0000 0 «

Materials or fillers 51 which consist of a plurality of different components or substances. It is particularly advantageous in this arrangement that, after the burn-out of a component 1 equipped with a burn-out control area, the tensile and / or compressive forces can be transmitted from another component 1 exhibiting a residual load-bearing capacity. As can be seen from the figures, the spacing elements 18 of the superposed components 1 arranged in the same cross-sectional plane can be superimposed in the width direction 2 or offset from one another, which in particular leads to a thermal improvement. .

Naturally, at least partially filling the cavities 21 or filler chambers 51, the building component 1 may also form a sound and / or heat insulating core layer 13, by which ventilation or ventilation tasks may be taken over, and / or a burn-off control area 52.

Preferably, the wall elements 19 and / or 30 forming the spacing elements 18 are formed by veneer layers arranged in the length direction and / or in the transverse direction, overlapping and glued together, or by plank lamellas and the like. veneer layers of aluminum or plastic foil or fiber reinforcement or flame retardants or heat insulating materials and / or metal materials, etc. are also provided by the veneer layers. The spacer elements 18 are glued to the covering layers, in particular butt, on their connecting surface 16a and / or glued in the form fit into the receiving groove 41. The cover layers 7 can naturally be formed by all prior art boards, such as fiber boards, in particular medium density MDF or OSB fiber boards or laminate

Naturally, the spacers 18 of multiple interlocking components 1 on their front facing side narrow sides may be provided with a bevel and / or dovetail or toothed joint so that an endless construction member can be formed. .

Finally, it should be noted that the airtight but expediently vapor-permeable cavities 21 or chambers are provided with a through-hole provided with a membrane or steam valve, the pressure exerted by sunlight or high temperature differences in the cavities 21 can be equilibrated to atmospheric pressure. Advantageously, the opposite end region 33 of the first component and the end region 33 of the last component χ are provided with at least one air-impermeable closure strip in which the diaphragm or steam valve is disposed, so that the vapor pressure in the longitudinal direction of the component leak through diaphragm or steam valves. Vapor permeability is possible through spacers 18 spaced apart from each other and / or vapor permeable spacers 18 or cover layers 7.

14 and 15, a partial area of the component 1 is shown in a side view, in section and in a partially simplified schematic representation. The cover layers 7, comprising a plurality of sub-layers 53, 54, are spaced from one another corresponding to the height 2 of the spacers 18, in particular the wall elements 19, 30, and form the height 12 of the building component. a plurality of component layers 55, 56, wherein at least one of the component layers 55, 56 comprises a plurality of stacked layers

Veneer sections 57, 58 or veneer sublayers in the cover layer and / or in the spacer 18 of the component 1, whereby the joining area 59 of the component layer 55, 56 is formed between successive veneer sections 57, 58, is overlapped by another component layer 55 of the same component layer 53 or the component layer 56 of the second component layer 54 disposed parallel thereto. Thus, the joining regions 59 or the joints of the individual component layers 55, 56 in the cover layer 7 and / or at least one the joints of the spacer elements 18 are offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction. The individual component layers 55, 56 of the cover layers 2 are formed symmetrically or asymmetrically to each other and connected to each other in relation to the median plane of the building component 2.

As can be seen from the figures, there are between the side faces, in particular the side faces of the front portions of the veneer sections 57 of the component layer 55, and between the side faces, in particular the side faces; The joint 60 extends approximately perpendicularly to the length direction of the veneer section 52, 58. By multilayer construction of the cover layers 2, each joint 60 of one of the component layers 55, 56 is superimposed over the entire component layer 55, 56, as a result, no bevel of the individual component layers 55, 56 is required, but is possibly possible.

The sub-layers 53 facing the spacer elements 18, in particular their superposed and stacked veneer sections 57 of the individual component layers 55, are arranged with the fiber direction 61 transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cover layer T, while the veneer sections 58 of the other sub-layer 54 superimposed-48 · · · * * 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 «48 48« 48 The sub-layer 53 is arranged with a fiber direction 62 approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cover layer 7. The longitudinally-oriented fibers of the outer sub-layer 54 may, for example, be absorbed and transmitted and the inner sub-layer 53 with the fibers perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. compressive forces must be absorbed and transmitted. Therefore, the fibers of the individual sub-layers 53, 54 cross.

The outer sublayer is preferably provided with two to seven, preferably from three to five, superimposed component layers 56 of the veneer sections 57, which are joined to each other over the facing surfaces 64 of the veneer sections 57 or 58, preferably glued together. The inner partial layer 53 is preferably provided with one to three, preferably two superimposed layers 55 of the veneer sections 57. Due to the large-area gluing on the surfaces 63, it is no longer necessary to connect the mutually stacked and adjacent veneer sections 57, 58 to each other. Naturally, any arbitrary arrangement of the individual sub layers 53, 54 of the two opposing layers 11 is possible. The sub-layer 53 and / or the layer 54 may also be formed by longitudinally extending and / or intersecting timber strips, which may be bevelled in the joining region 59 or may be joined to one another by a lap or dovetail joint.

As can be deduced from FIG. 15, there is also the possibility that at least one of the sub-layers 53, 54, in particular the outer sub-layer 54, consists of a material other than wood, in particular a thin sheet 64 or plastic having a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, in particular from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. In this case, the sheet metal 64 can simultaneously assume the function of a vapor barrier or a cover.

·· · «« ·· ♦♦

·· · 3 ··

-49—

Of course, it is also possible to place the sheet 64 between the sub-layer 53 and the spacer elements 18 and / or between the two sub-layers 53 and 54 and to bond it to them, in particular to glue them. The component layers 55, 56 are bonded together by a waterproof and reacted and irreversible component adhesive.

Such a construction of cover layers 7 is naturally also applicable to spacers 18 and side walls 13 such as, for example, upper layers 39 of spacers 18 formed by veneer sections containing fibers running transversely to the longitudinal direction, and an intermediate layer 40 formed by veneer sections running parallel to the longitudinal direction spacers 18 are formed between the veneer sections of the layers.

. A further embodiment (not shown) is characterized in that the component 1 comprises a plurality of cover layers 7, in particular more than two cover layers 7, between which spacers connected to the cover layers 7 are disposed, the two outer cover layers 7 expediently comprising a plurality of sub-layers 53. The spacers 18 between the two cover layers 7 may be disposed in the longitudinal direction of the component 1 and / or in the transverse direction thereof. If the spacers 18 are disposed in the longitudinal direction between the two cover layers 7, they may be arranged offset from one another in the transverse direction and / or in the longitudinal direction.

The self-supporting and load-bearing building element 1 can also be used as a roof element, interposed between opposing gable walls and / or supported and supported on one or more partitions. The surface area 15b of the component 1 lying thereon

-50 on the side facing the interior of the building, it may be provided with transverse battens for laying or gripping the roof tiles prior to assembly of the panel.

Another embodiment (not shown) of the building component 1 consists in that at least one of the cover layers 7 comprises at least one diffusion-tight sub-layer 53, 54, in particular a component layer 55, 56 or at least one further layer 43 deposited on the cover layer 7, the cover layer 7 comprises at least one hygroscopic sub-layer 53, 54 and / or a sub-layer 53, 54 capable of storing a liquid, in particular a component layer 55, 56 which takes up and accumulates and / or emits condensate appearing in the core layer 11 of the building component. The diffusion-tight sub-layer 53, 54 or the further layer 43 may be a plastic, aluminum, etc. foil or metal material. Suitably, the cover layer 7 facing the interior space is airtight and capable of transmitting force, closable openings, pores, etc.

FIGS. 16 to 18 show the self-supporting and load-bearing component 1 together described in various views and in a very simplified schematic representation. The component 1, formed at least in part of wood, is designed as a composite laminate and can be used as a large-scale component 1, for example, for wall, ceiling or floor panels. According to this embodiment, the panel has longitudinal side surfaces 2 arranged at a distance corresponding to the width 2 of the panel, and transverse side surfaces 4 arranged perpendicular thereto. At a distance corresponding to the height 6 of the panel perpendicular to width 2,

4449 ··· · ♦, · · · · ····· 4 9 4 4 £ · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 or a multilayer cover layer 7 between which a core layer 11 with a height 9 is disposed. The height 12 of the building component 1 is formed by the sum of the height 6 of the side walls 13 and the thicknesses 14 of the cover layers 7.

In the simplest case, however, as not further illustrated, the structural member 1 consists of a cover layer 7 and a core layer 11 limited by side walls 13. The core layer 11 consists of strip-like spacer elements 18 distributed over the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7. The core layer 11, in particular spacers 18, are connected by means of at least one connecting element 70, which preferably extends over the entire length of the spacing element 18, with their connecting surfaces 16b facing the surface 15a in a positive and / or force-transmitting contact with at least a portion of the surface area 15a. At least one connecting region 71 / extending along the length 4 of the spacer 18 is formed between the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7. For the purpose of adapting to different uses of the load-bearing component 1, there may be multiple locations between the spacer 18 and the cover 2. 72, spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the spacer element 18, the connecting areas 21 (as shown in FIG. 16) are provided in which the connecting and / or reinforcing means 70 are accommodated.

According to this embodiment, the thickness 14 of the cover layer 2 defined by the inner surface 15a and the outer surface 15b extending therefrom is formed by a plate 76 consisting of wood or wood elements 73 disposed in a random spatial position, in particular wood chips and / or or wood fiber materials, with at least seats99

9 <i 9 99 99

9

9 9 9 ·

9 9 — nými 52 — — mezi pov mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi mezi MDF) or laminated-strand-lumber (LSL) or oriented-strand-board (OSB). Conveniently, the OSB is used for the cover layer 7. The OSBs well known in the art are generally multilayered or integrally constructed, wherein both outer layers 37 or outer layer regions are longitudinally oriented and the intermediate layer or intermediate region comprises transversely oriented elements 73 or wood elements 73, in particular chips. The two outer layers 37 of the OSB can naturally vary in thickness depending on the load to be taken up.

In this case, the outer layers 37 defining the intermediate layer or the intermediate region form at least a part of the thickness 14 of the cover layer 7. Naturally, multiple layers 36 and / or 37 may also be used. The thickness of the two outer layers 37 or outer regions is from 0.3 to 8 mm. 0.5 to 2 mm, for example 0.8 mm. As a result, the load-bearing capacity in the longitudinal direction or the length 4 of the component 1 can be substantially increased or increased. The elements 73 of wood or wood, respectively. The chips, in particular the outer layers 36 or the outer regions of the cover layers 7, have a cross section with a length of approximately 75 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm. Another embodiment of the multilayer OSB-board 76 is characterized in that the wood or wood elements 73 and 73, respectively. chips of the outer and middle layers 36, 37 respectively. the outer and middle regions are formed by veneer strips with a length of 120 mm to 350 mm, for example 150 mm long, possibly water-resistant. This embodiment is characterized in particular by reducing the undesirable shape changes of the cover layer 7.

• fl fl 4 fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl

-53 caused by moisture. Such cover layers 7, in particular of OSB boards, usually have a high proportion of wood, in particular over 96%, for example of peel-through wood, and can cross-adhere the two outer layers 37 to the interlayer 36, for example.

* Take high loads in the length and width directions. Further, these plates 76 are characterized by high weather resistance. The thickness 14 of the cover layer is from 8 mm to 14 mm, for example 10 mm.

As can be seen from FIG. 16, the spacers 18 are disposed in the length direction 4 of the component 1 and are oriented perpendicular to the inner surface 15a and extend with the connecting surfaces 16a. 16b of the narrow side surfaces 28 parallel to the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7 to which they are applied and form a connection region 71 therebetween. As a result, the connection surface 16b and its corresponding inner surface 15a extend in the same plane and the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7 are arranged perpendicular to each other and joined together by butt jointing. As a result, no groove-like recesses are required in which the spacer elements 18 are placed and supported to fix them to the cover layer 7.

The spatially shaped spacer element 18, in particular a longitudinally shaped wave element, is formed by timber or wood mass elements 73 in a spatially random position, in particular wood chips and / or wood fiber mass, at least locally between the elements 73 and / or on the surfaces of these wood or timber elements 73 formed by pores 74. The board 76 thus formed may, for example, be a particle board (FPY) or a

-54 • ·. 9 • to to 4 • medium density (MDF) or oriented-strand-board (OSB) or laminated-strand-lumber (LSL). Suitably, the spacer 18 is formed by plate strips 77 of bent chipboard (Biegespannplatte, FPY). Such single-layer, three-layer or multilayer flat pressed sheets or bent chipboard. plates are already known in the art.

As can be seen from this preferred embodiment, a plurality of mutually parallel spacers 18, each offset by half a wave length, are disposed on the inner surface 15a of the cover layer, the reversal areas 78 of two adjacent mutually parallel spacers 18 on top of each other. they sit and lean on each other. The distance between two successive longitudinal directions of the component 78 and the successive turnover regions 78 is from 800 to 3000 mm, in particular from 2000 to 2800 mm, for example 2500 mm, and is preferably greater than the transverse spacing 25 measured transversely to the longitudinal direction of the component. 1 between the turnover regions 78 of two side-by-side spacers 18 which are 200 to 700 mm, in particular from 300 to 500 mm, for example 400 mm. This results in a ratio of longitudinal spacing 26 to transverse spacing 25 of from 1: 4 to 1: 4.3.

Advantageously, the spacers are on their mutually facing side surfaces 23, 24 in the region of the turnaround 78, respectively. in the regions of contact 22 formed by them, they are interconnected with the force-transmitting and / or form-fitting connection and form a one-piece core layer 11. the chamber is bounded by sub-regions of two adjacent spacers 18 and / or sub-regions of spacers 18

The thickness 27 of the spacer element 18 is from 4 mm to 8 mm, for example 6 mm. As mentioned above for the cover layer 11, but not further illustrated, the spacer 18 may be multilayered and may comprise both outer layers 39 or regions and an intermediate layer 40 or intermediate regions.

In this case, the outer layers 39 or the area and the intermediate layer 40 or the area of the cover layer 2 and / or the spacer elements 18 may, for example, be of a different density and / or cross orientation of the wood or wood elements 73 or material different from the wood or wood elements 73 , such as plastic and / or metal, etc. Therefore, the spacer 18 may be formed by the above described three-layer or multi-layer chipboard sheet or OSB-chipboard sheet. Naturally, the cover layer 2 and / or spacers 18 may also comprise at least one reinforcing layer consisting of a fiber prepreg and / or resin impregnated fiber mats, for example with carbon and / or glass fibers or and / or meshes and / or knitted fabrics of the same or different threads or fibers for fabric reinforcement.

As can be seen more clearly from FIG. 17, there is shown in a great simplification the component 1 with two cover layers 2 and spacers 18 disposed therebetween, and between the first lower and further top cover 2 and spacers 18 are formed. At least one connecting region 71. As mentioned above, the cover layers 2 are formed from OSB-board 76 and the spacers 18 are formed from strips 77 of FPY-boards, wherein in the top layer 37 kry-56-Φ * Φ Φ · 9 Φ · ·

r. · Φ · Φ · φ · Φ ·> ·> ·> ·

9, 9, facing the spacer 18, the banded or fibrous wood or wood-like elements 73 are arranged substantially in the longitudinal direction of the structural member 1 and the intermediate layer 36 of the cover layers 7 As a result of the manufacturing process of the cover layers 2, cavities 75 are closed between the wood or wood mass elements 73, and pores 74 are unevenly formed over the surface of the wood and wood elements 73. Cavities 75 in the region of the outer cover layer 37 or cover area facing the spacer 18, they extend substantially parallel and / or at least obliquely to the inner surface 15a and / or cross each other. The wood or wood elements 73 of the outer cover layer 37 extending substantially crosswise and / or at an angle to the wood or wood elements 73 of the intermediate layer 36 of the cover layers 2 surround cavities 75 formed between the wood or wood elements 73 and substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction of the wood. or wood elements 73 and / or crosses thereof.

The spacers 18, consisting essentially of wood panels 77, preferably comprise wood or wood elements 73 arranged crosswise over their thickness 27, which also comprise pores 74 irregularly distributed over their surface. The timber or timber elements 73 of the spacer elements 18 extend at an incline substantially in a plurality of spatial directions at an angle to the connecting surface 16b, respectively. As is known in the art, the wood or wood elements 73 of the spacer elements 18 of the formed FPY plate strips 77 have a major dimension 79, in particular a length or width of approximately 1 mm to 10 mm, for example 6 mm.

It should be noted at this point that any arbitrary combination of cover layers 7 and spacer elements 18 made of wood, such as FPY and FPY or OSB and FPY or FPY and OSB or OSB and OSB are possible.

At least dřevěný- or wood member 73 of the cover layers ^- made 7 of OSB disposed substantially parallel with the surface 15a in the surface region adjacent to it, in particular the top layer 37, oriented in the longitudinal direction is formed in the connection area 71 for the spacer element 18 at least in its major dimension 79 as greater than the thickness 14 of the spacer 18 or is several times the thickness 14 of the spacer 18. To attach the spacer 18 in the joining area 71 extending along the entire length of the joining surface 16b or in multiple joining areas 71 spaced apart, between the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7, a fastening and / or reinforcement means 70, in the joining region or areas 71 between the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7 spaced apart

The curable bonding and / or strengthening means 70 is preferably an adhesive, preferably an adhesive capable of filling pores or a cavity of up to 2 mm, in particular of urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde or melamine-urea or phenol-formaldehyde condensation resins. Naturally, the cold or thermosetting bonding and / or reinforcing agent 70 may also be a resorcinol adhesive or any other preferably thermosetting synthetic adhesive such as PVAC or PUR. For bonding the core layer 11 to the at least one cover layer 7, the

Naturally all prior art adhesives having a viscosity such that they can diffuse into the joining surfaces 16a, 16b of the surface area 15a and the spacer element 18 are naturally used. Highly viscous adhesives can at least during application to the connecting surface 16a. 16b by microwave energy or due to temperature, etc., are changed in their viscosity so that reliable diffusion into the connecting surfaces 16a, 16b is possible.

Naturally, the bonding and / or fastening means 70 may also be comprised of one or two or more component glue, with or without extender, and a filler and / or hardener. The open-pored inner liner 15a and the narrow side surface 28, respectively. The curable liquid adhesive diffuses through the wood or wood elements 73 with open pores applied to the narrow side surface 28 and / or in the joining area 71 for connecting the spacer 18 to the cover layer 7, inside the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7. diffuses through the arrangement of the wood or wood elements 73 in the covering layer 7, substantially in the longitudinal and / or partially in the width direction and over a portion of its thickness 14 and is absorbed by the arrangement of the wood or wood elements 73 in the spacer 18 substantially in the j direction. height 9.

Thereby, in a simple manner, a bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 with wood or wood elements 73 and / or pores 74 and / or cavities 75 between the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18 of cured is formed in the connecting region 71 between the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18. coupling and / or reinforcing means 70

9 9999

9999 9 9 '9 9 ι · • »

The reinforcing zone 80 has a higher mechanical load-bearing capacity to the adjacent regions of the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18, in particular in compression, tension, bending, shear and torsional stiffness. The bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 between the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18, arranged along a portion of the thickness / height 7, has a T-shaped connection profile in each of these connecting regions 71, with a maximum connecting section 81 of the first section the joining and / or reinforcing zone 80 extending into the spacer 18 is defined by a minimum thickness 14 of the spacer 18, and a minimum joining cross section 82 of another section of the joining and / or reinforcement zone 80 extending into the cover layer 7 is greater than the maximum thickness Thus, in the arrangement of the two cover layers 7, an approximately I-shaped connecting cross-section is formed between the cover layers 7 and the spacer 18. The connecting and / or reinforcement zone 80 extending into the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18 is in its thickness d made several times greater than ma the maximum surface roughness of the cover layer 7 and of the spacer 18 in the connection region 71 of these parts and is from about 0.02 to 8 mm, in particular 4 mm, for example 4 mm. The bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 is designed to be readily flammable and / or preventing the spread of fire.

It should be noted that the bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 formed by the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means 70 in the joining regions 71 is shown schematically in FIG. 17 and that attempts have been made as to how this zone is formed in the shape of a hedgehog and the individual spiny legs of this zone are clawed up with timber or timber elements. The component 1 can

60 due to the presence of the bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 to assume higher tensile and compressive loads.

provided with at least dashed lines. This

As further shown in FIG. 17, of course, there is also the possibility that at least one of the cover layers 7 is on the outer surface 15b: facing away from the core layer 11, one further layer 43. as indicated, the layer is preferably formed of a fiber mat of additionally expandable raw materials with a porous surface and with an added inorganic material, in particular silica flour. Suitably, the fiber mat is inseparably connected to the surface 15a, 15b through the filler or adhesive layer 42. Naturally, there is also the possibility that the layer 43 deposited on the inner and / or surface layer 15b may consist of a plastic, film, paint, lacquer or melamine resin surface finish. Further, the layer 43 may be an optionally colored layer or an adhesive layer, at least partially embossed into the outer layer 37 of the cover layer 7, such as a melamine-urea-formaldehyde layer or a phenol-formaldehyde layer or a plastic film. In addition, it is also possible for the outer surface layer 15b to be smooth or structured at least in partial areas.

For a better understanding and clarification of the small material content respectively. For example, a two-span system with an overall length of 1 12 m and a length of 4, measured between two support points, of 6 m, and a width of 2 m, as well as lateral spacing (spacing width) of 25 size 400 mm and longitudinal spacing (longitudinal spacing width) 26 2500 mm:

• · · ·

9

9 '9 9

-6148 9 4 4

At a thickness of 27 of the spacer elements 18, in particular the spatially shaped, respectively. the non-planar wall elements 19 having a size of 6 mm and at a wall height of 140 mm the material portion is approximately 0.0043 m ^{3 of the non-} planar wall elements per m ^{2 of the} building component.

At a thickness of 27, 29 of the spacer elements 18, in particular of the rectilinear wall elements 30 and 30, respectively. The side walls 13, 12 mm and the height 6, 9 of the side walls 13 or the wall elements 19 140 mm are the material fraction of approximately 0.00168 m ^{3 of the} non-planar wall elements per m ^{2 of the} building component.

The total material consumption of the planar and non-planar spacers 18 is then about 0.00598 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component and the covering layers 7 are about 0.024 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component. Two rectilinear side walls 13 or walls 30 and ten spatially reshaped resp. non-planar wall elements 19. A correction factor for uneven wall elements was found to be 3% and was taken into account accordingly in the calculations for the material fraction m ^{3 of the} non-planar wall element / m ^{2 of the} building component.

The core layer 11 constitutes from about 50% to 98% of the volume of the component, wherein the planar and / or non-planar spacers 18 distributed over the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7 represent from 10% to 50%, in particular from 18% to 25%. and, for example, 20% of the material volume of the structural member 1. It should be noted that, of course, the height 9 of the core layer 11 can vary, resulting in a variation in the volume of the structural component 1 and the material volume of the structural component.

Thus, the height 9 of the panel 1 and the spacing elements 18. Thus, the height 9 may be from 80 mm to 350 mm, in particular from 120 mm to 300 mm and, for example, 140 mm.

It is particularly advantageous here that the construction of the core layer 11 and the overlapping planar cover layer 7, at a span or length 4 of 6 m and a height 9 of about 140 mm and a thickness 27 of spacer elements 18 and a thickness of 14 mm is sufficient to carry a payload of approximately 1 kN / m ² .

Referring now to FIG. 19, the sub-region of the cover layer 2 and the sub-region of the spacer 18 separated from the cover layer 2 are shown in a highly simplified and schematic representation. It can be seen that, after loading of the spacer element 18 and / or the cover layer 7 with an inadmissible test force substantially perpendicular to the cover layer 7, the joining area of the joining and / or strengthening zone 80 is composed of wood or wood elements 73 and a joining and / or stiffening means 70, torn out. By increasing the lateral cross-section 81 in the region of the cover layer 7 relative to the maximum cross-section 82 of the spacer 18, a high resistance to tearing of the spacer 18 from the cover layer 7 and thereby lifting the cover 7 from the spacer 18 is achieved.

Tests have shown that even when the spacer element 18 and the cover layer 7 are glued together, shear strength values of up to 7 N / mm ² could be achieved.

Fig. 20 shows an example of using large-scale

As a wall element 83 or a ceiling element 84 for a building in a side view and a strongly schematic representation. The wall panel 1 comprises at least one cover layer 7a distributed over its inner surface 15a by spacers 18 '. which are connected with the cover layer to form-fit and / or force-transmitting contact. The cover layer 7 and the spacers 18, as described above in detail, are made of wood. In the illustrated embodiment of the wall panel 83, the panel has longitudinal side walls 3 parallel to one another at a distance corresponding to a width 2 to which the transverse side walls 5 lying at a distance corresponding to a length of 4 are arranged perpendicularly. In an embodiment variant, the timber spacer elements 18 are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction or the length 4, and are arranged parallel to one another by half the wave length. The wall panel 83 and the ceiling panel 84 are fastened to the support elements 86, arranged perpendicularly to the base plate 86, via the connecting portions 85. The horizontal planar base plate 86 is supported on the foundation soil 88 and is formed of concrete with or without reinforcement. The support members (columns) 87, located at a pitch corresponding to the length of the 4th wall panel 83, are inserted into the base plate 86 and are immovably connected thereto / The components 1 are connected to the support members 87 immovably or floating via the connecting parts 85 holding. The connecting portions 85 can be formed, for example, by profile angles extending over at least a portion of the width 2 and the width 2, respectively. the height of the opposing transverse side surfaces 5 and / or the longitudinal side surfaces 3.

When creating a small gap between the lower side • 9 9999

With the surface 3 and the base plate 86, the wall member 84 is held and supported essentially exclusively by support members (columns) 87. The construction of the wall members 84 corresponds to that already described in Figures 1 to 19 and can equally be transferred thereto. 20 of FIG.

The building block is well suited for load-bearing structures in seismic areas, especially buildings where there are soft ground 88, especially sandy soils, because in the event of an earthquake, dynamic forces acting substantially parallel to the plane of the wall member 84 are transmitted in the case of an earthquake onto the support elements 87, absorbed by the component 1 by its predetermined oscillation behavior. This is possible to the extent that the component 1 is designed as large-area and with a low weight and therefore a high vibration amplitude. For this purpose, the component 1 comprises wave-shaped spacers 18 which are connected to the inner surface 15a. Naturally, the vibration behavior of the component 1 can also be greatly influenced by the elasticity of the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means 70, in particular the adhesive, and the configuration of the connecting regions 71 as well as the thickness 14, 27 of the cover layer 7 and spacers 18. panel 1, the structural member is resiliently deformed in a substantially longitudinal direction. This effect is known to the person skilled in the art as a wall action (Scheibenwirkung).

The connections as well as the various structural configurations of the component 1 result from the above-described Figures 1 to 19.

As further evident from this figure, one of the covers

65 layers comprising a plastic sheet, in particular a transparent and optionally colored plastic sheet, for example of plexiglass.

FIG. 21 schematically illustrates a method for manufacturing a load-bearing self-supporting building block 1, with great simplification and perspective view. It should be noted that in this figure, the component 1 has a bottom and an upper cover layer 7 between which a core layer 11 consisting of a plurality of spacers 18 is disposed. Naturally, the component 1 may also comprise only the lower cover layer 7 and the core layer 11, in which case the process is modified accordingly.

The component manufacturing apparatus 89 comprises at least one preferably endlessly circulating conveyor device 90 for a backsheet 7, infinitely unwoundly disposed in a first coil about a pivot axis 91, and at least one first applicator roll 92 disposed adjacent the inner surface 15a of the lower cover. a layer 95 for connecting and / or reinforcing means 70 that rotates about an axis 94 disposed transversely to the conveying direction 93, a feed container 95 for dispensing filler 51 disposed downstream of the application roller 92, and at least one shaker device 96 disposed a surface 15b facing away from the core layer 11.

The drive conveyor device 90, in particular the belt conveyor, has a length which is preferably several times greater than the maximum length of the format and is at least slightly wider than the maximum width of the size of the building component to be manufactured.

The cover layer 7, which can be unwound from the first coil, is 4

4 · · · ·

The weight is continuously moved at a predetermined speed by the conveying device 90 in the conveying direction 93. The applicator roller 92 associated with the lower cover layer 7 and 7, respectively. to the inner surface 15a. it is formed relative to the inner surface 15a by means of adjusting elements (not shown), in particular pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, etc., relative to the inner surface 15a, whereby the application of the fastening and / or strengthening means 70 on the inner surface 15a can be switched on and off.

After the at least partially sectioned, preferably full-area, application of the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 to the inner surface 15a, the core surface 11a formed with a length 97 is deposited in a row immediately in succession on the inner surface 15a. The successive core layers 11 of the rashes. their spacers 18 may be butt-stacked in their connecting regions 32 together or in a partially overlapping layer or with bevels, as already described with reference to FIG. This creates a substantially endless strip-like planar core layer 11, as shown in FIG. 21. In the region of the connection 32, the core layers 11 immediately adjacent to each other can be joined together with a positive fit and / or a force transmitting contact.

Thereafter, the cavities 21 and 22, respectively. 9, 10, 12 and 13 at least partially fill with filler 51 or a layer or fiber mat is inserted. In order to better distribute the filler 51 in the cavities 21 or chambers, the lower cover layer 7 and the core layer 11 are vibrated at least for a short time by the shaking apparatus 96.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - »· 99 9 9 9

The cover layer 7 is to be applied, again by means of a further application roller 92, of the joining and / or reinforcing means 70 on the upper narrow side surfaces 28 or exclusively in the joining regions 71 or at longitudinally spaced apart locations 72, as schematically indicated by crosses on the narrow side surfaces 28 of the spacer elements 18 in FIG. For this purpose, the additional application roller 92 is formed in a relatively adjustable manner.

At the same time, the upper covering layer 7, infinitely unwound from the upper further coil, is deposited by the inner surface 15a on the narrow side surfaces 28 of the spacer elements 18 butt-jointed, and a mutual transmission is carried out for transmitting force, in particular gluing. The unwinding movement of the topsheet 7 is achieved by a propellable pressure roll and sticking between the topsheet 7 and the core layer 11, and the controllable speed of the unwound topsheet is slightly less than the adjustable speed of the bottomsheet 7 so that the next coil exerts a tensioning force.

After the topsheet 7 has been deposited, the endless structural member 1 is fed to a press and / or curing device, not further illustrated and further downstream in the conveying direction 93, for rapidly solidifying the fastening and / or strengthening means 70. The curing device may be, for example, a generator. high frequency radiation, tempering chamber, etc., so that a rapid cure or solidification process of the bonding and / or solidifying means 70 can be accomplished or shortened. Such press and cure devices are already conventional in the art.

998 9 9

-68 • 9 ·· ♦ · · »9 9 9 9 · · ·

9 9

9 «

99

By pressing the building component 1 and / or optionally curing the reinforcing and / or coupling means 70, the endless building component 1 is cut in its total length to a predetermined format length. The core layer 11 has a shorter length 96 relative to the total length of the cover layer 7 being wound. Naturally, the connecting and / or reinforcing means 70 can also be pressed or applied by a nozzle at a pressure different from atmospheric pressure, in particular overpressure or vacuum.

As can be seen further, the spacers 18 are deposited in the longitudinal unwinding direction of the lower cover layer 7. Naturally, however, spacers, as required when used as a wall panel, can also be deposited on the inner surface 15a when arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the unwound cover. layer 7 or transport direction 93.

FIG. 22 schematically illustrates another method of manufacturing a self-supporting and load-bearing component 1 with great simplification. It is noted that in this figure, the component 1 has a lower and upper cover layer 7 between which a core layer 11 consisting of a plurality of spacers 18 is disposed. Naturally, the component may also comprise only the lower cover layer 7 and the core layer 11, wherein the method is modified accordingly.

The conveyor device 89 is formed by a plurality of sections 98 to 103 disposed one behind the other, which are provided with rollers 104 with axes transverse to the conveying direction 93, rotating and driven. Through these sub-sections 98 to 103, one after the other in the conveying direction, each bar is conveyed in bars.

-69 * · ·· ·

The individual lower cover layers 7 already cut to a predetermined length 4. Preferably, a plurality of rollers 104 of one section 98 to 103 are connected to each other for co-drive, for example by a chain or belt, one of the rollers being driven by a motor to which it is connected via a flange.

Different work steps occur in the individual sections 98 to 103. In sub-section 98, the already formatted cover layers 7 are pulled in bars on rollers 104 forming the conveying path and in bars 93 are conveyed to the next sub-section 99 in the direction 93. In this sub-section 99, connecting and / or fastening is applied. means 70 on the lower narrow side surface 28 of the spacer elements 18 and / or the inner surface 15a of the lower cover layer 7. In another sub-section 100, following in the transport direction 93, the cover layers 11 consisting of the spacers 18 are deposited during positioning by the handling Furthermore, the cavity or voids are also filled with filler in a further sub-section 101, optionally. Thereafter, in a further sub-section 102 the application of the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 is carried out by means of a nozzle 106 on the upper narrow side surface 28 of the spacer elements 18 and / or the inner surface 15a of the upper cover layer 7. a cover layer 7, in which positioning and laying on the core layer 11 is positioned and positioned on the core layer 11 during positioning. The applicator nozzle 106 is configured to be displaceable while guiding the sensors in a direction parallel to the plane of the component, i.e. the length and width of the component, preferably along the length spacers 18.

Before laying the core layers 11 on the bottom cover 11 to 9. to · »» to

In the layer 7, the core layers are precisely cut. Likewise, the topsheet 7 is also treated with respect to the bottomsheet 7 prior to the core layer 11 being deposited. At the end of the manufacturing process, the finished component 1 is fed to the next press process or subsequent processing process through the handling system 119 through the last sub-section 109.

21 or 22, another apparatus may be disposed immediately downstream of the manufacturing apparatus 89 of FIGS. 21 or 22, where, for example, an outer surface 15b undergoes subsequent processing, in particular a finish, such as grinding, painting, Naturally, loadbearing elements such as for roofing tiles and / or protective sheeting, such as plastic sheeting or bituminous sheeting, can also naturally also be mounted on the building block, or the building block 1 can be subjected to chemical treatment, for example spraying for protection. against insects.

As not further illustrated below, there are also various manufacturing variants with respect to the production of the core layer 11. For example, it is possible for a plurality of planar plate strips 77 to be processed immediately adjacent to each other in a row, and before or after the core layer 11 is deposited on the inner surface 15a of the lower cover layer 7 by spot or line bonding belts 77, intended for spacers 18, in predetermined connecting regions 71 on side faces 23, 24 facing each other, wherein the connecting regions 71 between the two plate strips 77 would be

-71 »0 · · in 1

W i

0 * in their longitudinal direction deposited with respect to the joining regions 71 further plate strips 77 to be joined to each other, and before or after depositing portions of the plate strips located between the joining regions 71, they would expand on the grid when applying force forming the core layer 11. Nd

Further, it is also possible to stack a plurality of planar plate strips 77 immediately adjacent to each other, in the form of a row, and to extend them under force on the lattice forming core layer 11, and by means of fastening and / or strengthening means 70 23, 24 in a point or line connection to each other, whereupon the core layer 11 with the spacers 18 is spot or line connected by means of a fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 in predetermined connecting regions 71 to the inner surface area 15a, first the lower covering and then the top cover layer 7.

Naturally, it is also possible for the spacers 18 to be obtained after they have been made by corresponding devices, for example presses, their final wavy shape and the wave-shaped spacers 18 are deposited on the inner surface layer 15a in the connecting area 71 for the spacers 18. predeterminable connecting regions 71 on the side faces 23, 24 of the spacer elements 18 facing each other, these spacers 18 interconnect the spots 18 in a point or line connection. Here, prior to deposition of the spacing elements 18 in joining regions 71 for the spacing elements 18 between the spacer elements and the inner surface 15a of the bottom cover layer 7 applied to the joining and / or fixing «9 ⁹ ί <9

-72 ·· β · · · β · · ·

9 «· β · 9 '

The length of the connecting regions 71 between the spacers 18 and the cover layers 7 here corresponds to the spacer element 18. Naturally, the connecting and / or reinforcing element can also be applied directly to the inner covering surface

15a of the upper cover layer 7.

Of course, it is also possible that the spacer elements 18 and / or the wood-based covering layer 7 in predetermined connecting areas 71 before application of the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 on the inner surfaces 15a and / or on the narrow side faces facing each other. the surface 28 and / or the broad side surfaces 23, 24, at least somewhat grind, both for enlarging pores 74 and / or cavities and for planar abutment.

It should be noted that the spacers 18 and the cover layers 7 are connected to each other by means of fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 in the joining areas 71 and / or that at predetermined locations 72 the spacers 18 with the cover layers 7 are optionally additionally connected by connecting elements Furthermore, it is also possible for the spacers 18 to be connected at their adjacent turn points 78 to a positive fit or a force-transmitting fit, for example in the form of a glued dovetail or toothed joint, groove and tongue extending in the direction of the height of the spacer element 18.

Finally, it should be pointed out that all characters or combinations of characters, as explained with reference to Figs. 1 to 15, can be transferred as explanation points to ► 9 '>' e · 9 * S '·' »·· ··· * F · »9« »» «« In 9-9 rt,

Embodiments explained with reference to Figs. 16-22.

For the sake of completeness, it is noted that for better understanding of the component 1, the component 1 is shown partially out of scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced.

The object of the invention relating to separate inventive solutions can be deduced from the description.

In particular, the individual embodiments of the a-measures shown in Figures 1 to 22 may form separate inventive solutions. The respective inventive objects and solutions can be derived from the detailed descriptions of these figures.

Claims (51)

PATENT CLAIMS A self-supporting load-bearing structural member (1) having two cover layers (7) spaced apart from one another by a core layer (11) consisting of a plurality of spacers (18) distributed over facing surfaces surfaces (15a) of the cover layers (7), wherein at least some of the spacers (18) are spatially shaped along their length, in particular wavy or non-planar, and narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18) as well as the mutually facing surfaces (15a) form parallel joining surfaces (16a, 16b) which are placed with a butt joint, the spacers (18) being at least locally connected to the cover layers (7) by means of a curable joining and / or or reinforcing means (70), characterized in that the cover layers (7) and spacers (18) are made of wood or wood and the proportion of the cover layers (7) at a minimum span or length (4) of 6 m is less than 0.03 m ³ / m ² surface area (15a, 15b), preferably from 0.01 to 0.024 m ³ / m ² surface area (15a, 15b) and the material fraction of the non-planar spacer elements (18) is less than 0.005 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component (1), preferably from 0.0035 to 0.0043 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component (1) . 2. Self-supporting structural component (1), capable of transmitting -75flfl · 4 ♦ fl fl flfl # ### · <flfl fl fl fl• fl f flfl »h fl fl fl fl fl a fl fl fl i flfl · ^μ * fl »flfl 'flfl fl # load, with two cover layers (7) which are spaced apart by said core layer (11) which is formed more spacer elements (18) distributed over at facing surfaces (15a) of the cover layers (7), wherein at least some of the spacer elements (18) are spatially shaped over their length, in particular a wave-shaped or a wave-shaped surface. the non-planar and narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18), as well as the mutually facing surfaces (15a) form parallel connecting surfaces (16a, 16b) which are placed butt together, the spacers (18) ) are at least locally bonded to the cover layers (7) by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70), characterized in that the strip-like non-planar spacers (8) are made of wood or wood, and constitute from 50% to 98% The spacers (18) distributed over the surface (15a) of the cover layer (7) constitute from 10% to 50%, in particular 20% of the material volume of the building component (1). Self-supporting load-bearing component (1), with two cover layers (7) spaced apart by a core layer (11) consisting of a plurality of spacers (18) distributed over facing surfaces (15a) cover layers (7); wherein at least some of the spacers (18) are spatially shaped over their length, in particular a wave-shaped or a wave-shaped element. the non-planar and narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18), as well as the mutually facing surfaces (15a) form parallel connecting surfaces (16a, 16b) which are placed butt with each other butt, the spacers ( 18) are at least locally connected to the cover layers (7) by means of a curable fastening and / or reinforcing means (70), characterized in that the cover layers (7) and spacers (18) consist of at least one layer (36, 37, 39) 40) of wood or wood elements (73) arranged in a random spatial position, interconnected by means of a binder, in particular wood chips or wood fiber materials, with at least locally lying cavities (at least locally) between wood or wood elements (73) 75) or pores (74), the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means (70) penetrating the connecting surface (16a, 16b) of the spacer elements (18) and the elements (73) of of wood or wood and / or with pores (74) and / or with cavities (75) form a connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) in at least one connecting region (71) between the covering layer (7) and the spacer (18) arranged over a portion of the thickness (14) of the cover layers (7) and the height (9) of the spacers (18) having a higher mechanical load capacity than the areas of the cover layer (7) and the spacers (18) adjoining the connecting and / or reinforcement area (80). 4. Self-supporting building component, capable of transmitting a harvest * 9 9 9 • 9 9 + 9 · W 9 4 9 9 9 9 9 b 4 ’<, <9 4 99 9» * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9. A · ·...... - carriage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cover layers (7) are formed by a plate (76) consisting of wood or wood-mass elements (73) arranged in a random spatial position, connected together by means of a binder , in particular of wood chips and / or wood fiber materials, with at least locally between the wood elements (73) or wood material lying cavities (75) and pores (74), for example a thick particle board, such as an OSB board. A self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (18) are formed by a plate strip (77) consisting of timber or wood mass elements (73) arranged in a random manner. a spatial position, interconnected by means of a binder, in particular of wood chips and / or wood fiber materials, with at least locally between the wood or wood elements (73) lying cavities (75) and pores (74), for example a strip-like medium density fiber board , such as MDF board strips, or particle board, such as FPY board strips. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cover layers (7) and / or the load-bearing components (7) and / or the load-bearing components (3). the wood-forming panels (76) each comprise at least two top layers (37) or top regions arranged in their thickness (14) arranged parallel to one another relative to the orientation of the wood or wood elements (73) and at least one intermediate layer (36) ) or an interlayer region disposed transversely to the topsheets, wherein the elements (73) of wood or wood material of the topsheets are: ·. ·· »· φφφ« Φ · «φ φ Φ>>>> φ φ φ φ φ Φ ·· Φ ί. ^Γ Φ · ΐφ ·. Φ · «Φ -78tev (37) resp. the upper regions extend in the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) in planes as parallel as possible to its inner surface (15a). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (18) and / or the spacers (18) and / or the spacers (18) and / or the load-bearing components (18). comprising sheet-like webs (77) comprising at least two top layers (39) or top regions parallel to one another in their thickness (27), comprising at least one intermediate layer (40) or an intermediate layer arranged transverse to the top layers, the elements (73) of wood or wood in the top layers (39) are arranged along planar spacing element (18) in planes as perpendicular to the narrow side surface (28) of the spacing element. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between adjacent non-planar and non-planar elements, respectively. at least one further linearly extending spacer (18) is disposed by the waveguide spacers (18). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thickness (27) of the spacer (18) is from 4 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 6 to 14 mm, for example 8 mm. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickness (14) of the cover layer (7) is from 6 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 8 mm to 14 mm, for example 12 mm. . • »r«. . 9 • Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) between the spacers (18) and the cover layers (7) in the at least one connecting region (71) comprises an approximately T-shaped connecting cross-section, wherein the maximum connecting cross-section (81) of the first section of the connecting and / or strengthening zone (80) extending in the direction of the spacer (18) is defined by the minimum thickness (27) of the spacer (18); the minimum connecting cross-section (82) of another section of the bonding and / or strengthening zone (80) extending in the direction of the cover layer (7) is greater than the maximum thickness (27) of the spacer (18). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) is formed of an adhesive substance filling up to at least 2 mm of pores or cavities, in particular with an adhesive. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 12, characterized in that the adhesive belongs to the group of artificial adhesives and consists of urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde or melamine-urea or phenol-formaldehyde condensate resins or resorcinol adhesive. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that two side-by-side spacers (18) resting on one another in the connecting regions (71) on their wide side surfaces (23) 24) are connected to each other ... 9 9 9 9 99 9 9 9999 ‘9 9 9 '9 9 9 9 9 · 9 · 9 · 9999 • 999999 »*« »« »». <fc 9 · 9 9 9 -80the connecting and / or fastening means (70), and in the connecting regions (71) a further connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) is provided. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that between the spacers (18) and the cover layers (7), in the longitudinal direction of the spacers, the spacers (72) are provided at spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of joints and / or. reinforcing bands (80) in a plurality of connecting regions (71) between spacers (18) and cover layers (7) that are spaced apart in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction that is greater than the thickness (27) spacers (18). Load-bearing self-supporting construction element according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a part of at least one of at least one of the outermost surfaces (15b) of the cover layer (7) and / or the recess in the cover layer (7). one material other than wood or wood, for example a plastic plate, collectors or a photovoltaic device. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the surface (15a, 15b) of the covering layer (7) facing and / or facing the spacer elements (18) and / or at least one layer (43) of metal, non-metal, plastic film, mineral material or organic or inorganic material is disposed within the cover layer (7) and / or between the cover layers (7). -81'0 0 0 000000 0 0 0 0 0 '' · · 0 0 0 0 · »00 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 * 000 * 0>» <·; ί 0 ’ 0 0 0 00 0 0-.00 00: 010 0 <100 · 00 9 is »« Self-supporting load-bearing component according to Claim 17, characterized in that the layer (43) is formed by a fiber mat of additionally expandable raw materials having a porous surface and filled with an inorganic insulating material, in particular silica flour. Load-bearing self-supporting construction according to claim 17, characterized in that the layer (43) on the outer surface (15b) consists of a coating of plastic, film, paint, varnish or surface finish with melamine resin. Load-bearing self-supporting construction according to claim 17, characterized in that the layer (43) is formed by an adhesive layer, at least partially pressed into the cover layer (7), such as a layer of melamine-urea-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde resin. Load bearing load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the waveguide spacers (18) are arranged parallel and offset from each other by half the wave length, preferably in the direction of the length of the component (1), wherein the spacing (26) between two successive turning points (78), measured in the longitudinal direction of the spacers (18), is from 800 to 3000 mm, in particular from 2000 to 2800 mm, for example 2500 mm, and transverse spacing ( 25) between two adjacent spacers (18), measured transversely to their length direction, is from 200 to 700 mm, in particular from 300 to 500 mm and, for example, 400 mm. -T7 —z and μ · '. > · Fr. Fr · * A · A fr fr fr fr fr fr fr A fr fr A, fr A * 1 fr fr Ά A fr fr fr fr fr fr fr »fr -8222. A load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the plate-like cover layer (7) is formed from a plurality of partial layers (36, 37, 53, 54). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the plate-like spacers (18) are formed from a plurality of partial layers (39, 40, 53, 54). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the further sub-layer (36, 37, 39, 40) of the spacer (18) or the cover layer (7) is made of wood or wood. or a metallic material, for example aluminum, and / or plastic and / or resin-impregnated fiber mats, for example with carbon and / or glass fibers, and / or meshes and / or knitted fabrics of the same or different threads or fibers for fabric reinforcement. Load-bearing self-supporting construction element according to claim 23, characterized in that the spacers (18) are formed by at least two layers (39) spaced apart and parallel to each other, and by a plurality of rods of wood or wood material, arranged between the layers (39) and spaced apart in the height direction (9) of the spacer elements (18). Load-bearing self-supporting structural component according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the sub-layers (53, 54) consist of component layers (55, 56) of wood or wood material intersecting in terms of directions -83 '·· Φ ΦΦ 99 9 9 Φ' · 9 99 9 9 9 9 '9 9 φ Φ Φ φ. · · · ΦΦ Φ φ φ 9 9 99 ♦ 9 Φ »9, φ 9 9 The fibers (61, 62) of the individual layers (53, 54) of wood and / or wood, the number of which layers (56) being in which the direction of the fibers (62) of the veneer layers extends approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) or the spacer (18) is greater than the number of layers (55) in which the direction of the fibers (61) extends transversely to the longitudinal direction a cover layer (7) or a spacer (18). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 26, characterized in that the component layers (55, 56) of the spacer elements (18) and / or the cover layers (7) overlap each other in the longitudinal direction and the individual component layers (55 56) are interconnected, in particular glued together. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the sub-layers (53) of the cover layers (7) facing the spacer elements (18) comprise a plurality of component layers (55) with a fiber direction (55). 61) transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cover layers (7), which are at least locally overlapped by a plurality of component layers (56) of another sub-layer (54), with the fiber direction (62) extending in the longitudinal direction of the cover layers (7), connected. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the connecting area (59) between the immediately adjacent one-piece veneer sections (57, 58) of the at least one component layer (55, 56) of the covering layer (7) and / or spacer The component (18) of the building component (1) is fully covered by another component layer (55, 56) of the same or another component layer (53, 54) and the joint regions (59) of the individual component layers (55, 56). ) are offset in the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) and / or the spacer element (18). ... Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the individual component layers (55, 56) of the cover layers (7). or the spacer elements (18) are preferably symmetrically disposed relative to one another relative to the longitudinal center plane or the transverse center plane of the building component (1). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the side surfaces facing each other, in particular the front side surfaces, of the veneer sections (57, 58) in the joining area (59) are at least they overlap locally or abut one another or are connected to each other with a bevel, in particular glued together. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that at least one of the cover layers (7) is provided with a through-hole or is a diffusion-open material. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the cover layers (7) and / or the side walls (13), spaced apart by the spacers (18) associated therewith, in the direction of length (4) and / or height (12) of the building 9 99 -859 9 '·. 9 9 * * »·· * 9 · 9 9‘ 9 · <- 9 4 · 9 • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9-9 9 9 9 9 9 9 The panels (1) converge at an angle. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the component (1) forms at least one curved or arched cover layer (7). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that a gap forming a channel is formed between two spacers (18) juxtaposed and extending in the longitudinal direction of the component (1). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the cavity (21) enclosed by the spacer elements (18) is filled at least in part with a filler (51) of the group consisting of organic or inorganic substances, in particular chips, cellulose, stone wool, etc. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that at least one of the front end regions (33) of the component (1) is provided with a closure strip on which at least one membrane impermeable to air and vapor permeable or steam valve. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that at least one of the cover layers (7) is provided in at least one front end region (33) of the component (1). - a connecting element (31) formed by a recess (35) and / or a protrusion for positioning the complementary connecting element of another component (1) formed by a recess (35) and / or a protrusion. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the spacers (18) and / or the side walls (13) disposed between the cover layers (7) are at least locally supported with an adaptation. to transmit loads, to further transfer forces, to adjacent spacers (18) and / or side walls (13). Use of a building component according to any one of claims 1 to 39 as a board. Use of a building component according to any one of claims 1 to 39 as a wall and / or roof and / or ceiling panel of a load-bearing structure, for carrying a payload, particularly in shocks and / or on soft ground soils. Use of a plurality of superimposed and segmentally overlapping and interconnected building components according to any one of claims 1 to 39 as a load-bearing floor or roof panel, with at least one connecting region (71) between the cover layer (7) and the spacer element (18). Method for producing a wood and / or wood-based building component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein a core layer (11) consisting of strip-like spacers is joined by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70). elements (18) with a lower and upper cover layer (7), characterized in that the strip-shaped lower cover layer (7) unwound from the coil is continuously moved in the conveying direction (93) at a predetermined speed, and first on the inner a surface (15a) of the backsheet (7) is applied in the predetermined connecting regions (71) for the spacers (18) and / or on the lower narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18) a fastening and / or reinforcing means (70) 1), the core layer (11) is aligned with the backsheet (7) and deposited on the inner surface (15a) in the plane of the flattened backsheet (7) unfolded, whereupon the bonding and / or reinforcement The fixing means (70) cures to the extent that at least some of the spacers (18) are positionally fixed relative to the bottom cover layer (7), and is applied to predetermined fasteners on the inner surface (15a) of the banded top cover layer (7). areas (71) for spacers (18) and / or on the upper narrow side surfaces (28) of spacers (18) a fastening and / or reinforcing means (70), and an upper cover layer (7) unwound from another roll (7) ) is stretched onto the core layer (11) by a predetermined tensioning force, whereupon components (1) with a predetermined length (4) are separated from the strip. - 88— • 99 9 9 · 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 · 9 9 999 · • a 9 9 9 9 9 9 a ···· a ·· 9a 9 · aa Method for producing a wood and / or wood-based building component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein a core layer (11) consisting of strip-shaped spacers is joined by means of a hardenable connecting and / or reinforcing means (70). elements (18), having a bottom cut (7) cut to size, and a top cover (7) cut to size, whereupon the cover layers (7) and the core layer (11) are pressed together, characterized by: the lower cover layer (7) in turn transports, in the transport direction (93), sub-sections (98 to 103) of the conveyor device (90) lying one behind the other in the conveying direction, the first sub-section (99) on the inner surface (15a) the connecting and / or strengthening means (70) are applied in the predetermined connecting sections (71) for the spacers (18) and / or on the lower narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18); The section (100) following in the conveying direction (93) with the handling system (107) aligns the core layer (11) with respect to the lower covering layer (7) and is deposited on the lower covering layer (7), whereupon the connecting and / or the reinforcing means (70) hardens to the extent that at least some of the spacer elements (18) are positionally fixed relative to the lower cover layer (7), and in the sub-section (102) following in the conveying direction (93) 15a) the top cover layers (7) in the predetermined connecting sections (71) for the spacers (18) and / or on the upper narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18) apply the connecting and / or strengthening means -89dec (70), and in a further sub-section (103) with the handling system (108), the upper cover layer (7) aligns with the lower cover layer (7) and is deposited on the core layer (11), whereupon the core layer ( 11) and the cover layers (7) compress together by a predetermined compressive force under the action of temperature or microwave energy or a high-frequency radiation field. Method according to claim 43, characterized in that after placing the spacers (18) and the cover layers (7) on each other, these parts are pressed together by a predetermined contact force, optionally under the action of temperature or exposure to microwave energy or a high-frequency radiation field. A method according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that a plurality of planar plate strips (77) in the form of a row are immediately adjacent to each other and before or after the core layer (11) is applied to the inner surface (15a) of the cover layer (7). ), first adjoining flat plate strips (77) intended for spacers (18) are joined by a connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) in a point or line in predetermined connecting regions (71) between adjacent wide side surfaces (23), 24), wherein the connecting regions (71) between the two plate strips (77) are offset in their longitudinal direction with respect to the connecting surfaces (71) of the other mutually interconnected plate strips (77), the portions of the plate strips (77) located before or after settling between the connecting regions (71), the - 90— Λ <ν • 5 · tttt 9 9 tttt tt t 9 tttt tttttt> ^r 'tttttt tttt ttt tt tt tttttttt · tt · tttttt · * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 tttttttt · tttt ·· ·· ·· The forces will expand to the lattice forming the core layer (11). A method according to any one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that a plurality of straight flat plate strips (77) in the form of a row and under force action are drawn directly adjacent to each other into the grid (11) forming the core layer, and the predetermined connecting regions (71) between adjacent wide side surfaces (23, 24) are joined together by means of fastening and / or reinforcing means (70) in a spot or 1-n-like manner, whereupon the core layer (11) is joined with spacers (18) by first and / or after the upper cover layer (7) by means of a bonding and / or reinforcing means (70) in predetermined bonding regions (71) of a point and / or line with the inner surface (15a). A method according to any one of claims 43 to 47, characterized in that the spacers (18) are formed as wave-shaped preformed, for example, molded or extruded board strips (77) of wood material, whereupon preferably, after placing the wave-shaped spacers. of the elements (18) on the inner surface (15a) of the backsheet (7) the spacers (18) interconnect by means of a fastening and / or reinforcing means (70) in predetermined connecting regions (71) between their point or linearly adjacent wide side surfaces (23, 24), Method according to any one of claims 43 to 48, characterized in that the spacers (18) and / or the cover layer (7) are disposed on the narrow side surfaces (28) and / or in the predetermined connecting regions (71). connecting surfaces · 9 · 9-9 9 9, 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9999999 9 9 9 9 · · · · · 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9999 9 99 99 99 99 -91 (16b) and / or the inner surface (15a) and / or the broad side surfaces (23, 24) are ground. Method according to any one of claims 43 to 49, characterized in that after assembly of the building component (1), an additional treatment, in particular a surface treatment such as grinding, is preferably carried out on the outer surface (15b) of the at least one cover layer (7). painting, coating, surface hardening, and / or in the next working step, in particular, a fastening mouth for the façade part-or-carrier elements, e.g. for bags, and / or a protective foil, for example plastic foil or bituminous foil, is deposited . Method according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the connecting and / or fastening means (70) are disposed along the length of the narrow side faces (28) of the spacer elements (18) or in the direction of the length of the narrow side faces (28) in advance. defined connecting regions (71) spaced from one another along the length of the narrow side surfaces (28). Method according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) are disposed along the entire length of adjoining connecting regions (71) for spacers (18) distributed over the inner surface (15) of the covering or in predetermined connecting regions (71) spaced from one another along the length of the cover layers (71).