SK642003A3 - Self- and load-supporting component, its use and method for producing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self- and load-supporting component (1), with at least one, preferably two cover layers (7), upon which are preferably arranged several strip-like distance elements (18), distributed on an inner cover surface (15a) of the cover layer (7). Said elements are bonded to the cover layer (7) with a positive and/or non-positive fit, by means of a hardening connecting and/or fixing agent (70). The cover layers (7) and/or the distance elements (18) comprise randomly-oriented wood or wood material elements (73) bonded together by a binding agent, with cavities (75) and pores 74 between the above. In a connecting region (71), between the cover layer (7) and the distance elements (18), is a connecting and/or fixing zone (80) of hardened connecting and/or fixing agent (70) and wood or wood material elements (73) and/or pores (74) and/or cavities (75), which has a higher mechanical load capacity than the region of the cover layers (7) and/or distance elements (18), adjacent to the connecting and/or fixing zone (80).

Description

SELF-SUPPORTING CONSTRUCTION PART, ITS USE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

Technical field

The invention relates to a self-supporting load-bearing component with two cover layers spaced apart by a core layer comprising a plurality of spacers distributed over mutually facing surfaces of the cover layers, at least some of the spacers being their length spatially shaped, mainly corrugated, respectively. the non-planar and narrow sides of the spacers as well as the facing surfaces together form parallel connecting surfaces which are fitted with butt fitting, the spacers being at least locally connected to the cover layers by means of a curable fastening and / or reinforcing means.

The invention also relates to the use of the aforementioned component.

The invention further relates to a process for the production of the aforementioned wood and / or wood component in which a core layer consisting of strip spacers is bonded to the top and bottom layers by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means.

The invention also relates to a process for the production of the aforementioned wood and / or wood component in which a core layer consisting of strip spacers with a bottom cut layer, cut to size, and an upper cover layer is bonded by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means. a layer cut into a format, whereupon the cover layers and the core layer are pressed together.

066 / B

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

U.S. Pat. No. 5,738,924 A discloses a component of the type mentioned above, with three cover layers spaced apart from one another by a core layer, and the core layer being formed by a plurality of spacers distributed over the facing surfaces of the cover layers, and spacers are formed spatially shaped along their length. Spacers are made of wood veneer strips. The narrow side surfaces of the spacer elements as well as the inner surfaces of the cover layers form mutually facing, parallel arranged connecting surfaces which are placed butt-fitting. A bonding layer is applied fully on the surfaces of both cover layers and the core layer is pressed into the bonding layer until the narrow side faces of the spacer elements abut on the internal surfaces.

GB 1 281 686 discloses a method for manufacturing a core layer for a building component composed of a plurality of spacers shaped into a sine wave. In the method, the timber belt spacers are gripped by cylindrical shaped heads mounted on an infinitely circulating conveyor belt, and during the displacement movement of a conveyor belt driven in one direction, the shaped heads following the conveyor belt travel direction are deflected several times so that the spacers engage basically a sine wave. The two adjacent sinusoidal spacers are joined to their mutually adjacent peaks and then the sine-shaped narrow side faces of the spacers are joined to each other by a suitable adhesive.

It is further known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,428,993 A a component having two cover layers and one core layer disposed between the two cover layers. The core layer consists of a plurality of spacers distributed over the facing surfaces of the cover layers and are spatially shaped over their length, in particular sinusoidal, and connected by their narrow side faces to the inner surfaces of the cover layers. nuclear

The 066 / B layer is made of a plurality of planar wooden blocks, glued together and cut to one another in the form of a sinusoidal curve and connected to one another in a grid by applying an adhesive to adjacent wide side surfaces. Another embodiment of the core layer production is that the water-dipped wood veneer strips are sinusoidal shaped by a pressing process, whereby the individual corrugated veneer strips are stacked on each other and are joined to each other by side glue to each other and after curing of the adhesive, they are cut to the length of the desired core layer corresponding to the height.

FR-A-2 545 037 A discloses a fiber-based component consisting of two cover layers and a core layer disposed between them, one of the two cover layers being formed as a curved surface. The core layer is formed of cross-inserted pre-formed planar spacers, formed by a blank corresponding to the surface contour of the component, of the same composite fiber mass as the cover layers.

DE 925 858 C2 discloses a girder component having a plurality of corrugated spacers arranged relative to one another with an offset of half the wavelength or of the same phase and parallel in the longitudinal direction of the component and spaced apart in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the component . Spacers made of non-glued plywood, in particular wall elements, fit into recesses in strip, mainly lath or beam cover layers, with which the spacer layers are connected in a force-transmitting and positive fit. Such spacers are spaced apart from one another and are preferably connected in a form-fitting and force-transmitting manner, as a result of which these wood components have little resistance to the transverse forces acting in the transverse direction. In addition, due to the small width, limited by the growth limits, of the cover layers made of lumber, the field of application of these components is severely limited and such components can only be loaded centrally to avoid the risk of sideways tipping. Furthermore, they have the disadvantage that the amplitudes of the lateral spacings of the spacers

066 / B elements are very small and large return forces present in the spacer element in the glued joints between the cover layer and the spacer cause high shear forces transversely to the length direction of the component, resulting in costly shaping of the spacer cover layer element.

EP 0 568 270 B1 discloses a building component with covering layers spaced apart by spacers whose spacers form a plurality of chambers or cavities separated from one another in the length direction of the building component. Spacers which at least locally contact, in particular the wall elements, are joined together in mutually contacting partial sections, and connected to the covering layers on narrow wall surfaces. The cell chambers formed by the wall elements are filled with a filler and form a core that is interposed between and connected to the first and second cover layers. Such wood components have the disadvantage that the covering layers are only supported over a part of their width by the spacers, and consequently have only a low load-bearing capacity, especially in the extreme regions of the narrow side surfaces, especially in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, these components carrying substantially only a very low load can be used as highly loadable primary structures, which again leads to a very limited field of application.

Furthermore, a construction element, in particular a double T-shaped beam (I), is known from the document 195 21 027 A1, consisting of two cover layers spaced apart by two spacers, in particular wall elements, with only one cover between the cover layers. a wall element, extending ¹ non-planarly, resp. corrugated between the cover layers. By assembling several components, especially corrugated walls, it is possible to form a sheet-like element. Such arrangements of wood components have the disadvantage that the supporting elements connected in the longitudinal direction into one sheet are stressed by a very high shear in the area of the connecting surfaces under load, and a step can be formed between the two joined layers. Therefore, in order to form a large-area part, a series of connecting surfaces, which can only be manufactured in a corresponding manner, is needed.

066 / B high production costs. Furthermore, the field of application is severely limited, since a plurality of double T-shaped beams has to be arranged side by side in order to form a sheet-like component, as a result of which the component has little lateral bending resistance due to missing proportions in the component width.

From another published EP 0 314 625 A1 there is known a building component with two covering layers, spaced apart from one another by spacers which on another facing surface comprise a further layer, one of which is a decorative plate carrier and the other is a backing plate carrier. The spacer, especially the cells of, for example, a honeycomb core layer, is connected to the cover layers, in particular glued by a low-flammable adhesive. The disadvantage lies in particular in the fact that these components are not designed as load-bearing elements, which means that there is no need for use as a primary load-bearing structure. In addition, for a structurally similar component with the structural element proposed according to the invention, a much higher core layer material volume is required for this structural component, about 50% compared to the component material volume, and core layer spacers can only be produced with extremely high cost.

All these systems are characterized by the disadvantage of high material consumption with comparatively low load capacity, respectively. The load-bearing capacity of a component and its construction as a large-area wall, floor or ceiling component is possible only to a limited extent or at extremely high production costs. Also, these components are not, as currently required, suitable for the rapid assembly of buildings, where they advantageously directly connect already prefabricated components up to 20 m long and up to 4 m wide, which are only fastened to already erected columns or with each other by means of fasteners such as screws, nails, etc. and inexpensive erection with these parts is hardly possible.

For example, as known from DE 925 858 C2, spacers are embedded in recessed recesses in the cover layers to increase

066 / B connecting surfaces between spacers and spacers and glued, which, in order not to reduce the load-bearing capacity, increase the thickness of the cover layers by at least the depth of the recess, so that the material consumption of the cover layers will have to be greatly increased. Consequently, these components made of wood are not capable of spanning up to 20 m and a width of 4 m and are therefore no longer capable of meeting the current economic requirements of the market.

A further disadvantage of these shape-glued timber components is that the use in areas at risk of earthquakes is only possible to a limited extent, since they can only be used as a large-area building component by serving as spaced-spaced beams spanning the large-area building. however, no further transmission of the dynamic forces acting on the board itself can occur. In another case, when a plurality of longitudinally oriented components are joined to each other on their longitudinal side surfaces, the cover layers or the longitudinally-oriented components fail to bond. the strips in the area of glued joints and the assembled sheet component are tilted sideways or cracked.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a self-supporting component capable of transmitting a load which is dimensionally stable and easy to manufacture and of wood material, in which the required material fraction can be kept as low as possible. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a thin-walled structural arrangement of a building component which could be used in areas at risk of seismic effects. It is further an object of the invention that the component exhibits different properties for different applications, such as thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

066 / B

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is solved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 in that the covering layers and spacers are made of wood or wood and the material proportion of the covering layers at a minimum span or length of 6 m is less than 0.03 m ³ / m ^{2 of} surface area. preferably from 0.01 to 0.024 m ³ / m ^{2 of} surface area and the material fraction of the non-planar spacer elements is less than 0.005 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component, preferably from 0.0035 to 0.0043 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building part.

The surprising advantage of this solution is that the use of spacers and timber coverings and the formation of spatially shaped, mainly corrugated spacers, will significantly reduce the required proportion of timber relative to timber components at the same load rating, and the net weight, as well as the entire material need can also be kept small over a wide range. In addition, the curved spacers can also prevent the cover layer from bulging in the case of low thickness coatings and the load can be transmitted in the longitudinal as well as the width direction, in a substantially equal measure.

Furthermore, the object of the invention is solved according to the characterizing part of claim 2 in that the non-planar spacers are made of wood or wood and constitute from 50% to 98% of the volume of the component, the spacers distributed over the surface of the cover layer. 10% to 50%, especially 20% of the material volume of the component. The surprising advantage of the above-mentioned features is that spacers, constituting the majority of the component volume, can transmit high loads or forces acting on the component and / or moments, with evenly distributed loads being taken up by thin-walled coatings and thin-walled spacers. A further advantage is also that the forces can now be absorbed in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the component and distributed evenly throughout the cross-section.

066 / B

Furthermore, the object of the invention is also solved according to the characterizing part of claim 3, in that the covering layers and spacers consist of at least one layer of wood or wood elements arranged in a random spatial position connected to each other by means of binders, wood chips or wood fiber. materials, with at least locally interposed cavities or pores lying between the wood or wood elements, the cured connecting and / or reinforcing means penetrating the connecting surface of the spacers and forming at least the wood or wood elements and / or with the pores and / or cavities in at least one connecting region between the covering layer and the spacer element a connecting and / or reinforcing zone arranged over a portion of the thickness of the covering layers and the height of the spacers having a higher mechanical loading than the areas of the covering layer and the spacer elements following the connecting and / or reinforcing area.

The advantage is that the connecting and / or reinforcing means, which is liquid in the initial state, penetrate in the joining areas by the joining surfaces of the spacer element and the covering layer with open or diffusely open pores, and on the joining surfaces of wood or wood elements arranged with offset to the connecting surfaces, adheres, respectively. it is at least partially absorbed and optionally fills cavities formed between the wood or wood mass elements. After a predetermined setting time, the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means form a bonding and / or reinforcing zone between the cover layer and the spacer element extending from the connecting surface to the interior of the spacer element and the cover layer, thereby providing a simple cross-section for load transfer. . The component according to the invention, which is capable of transmitting a load, therefore makes use of the fact that wood-based covering layers and spacers have an open-pore structure for manufacturing reasons, which promotes diffusion of the bonding and / or reinforcing agent, especially adhesive, due to capillary action. into the narrow side faces of the spacer elements and in the joining area to the inner surface of the cover layers. By providing this increased bonding and / or reinforcing zone, high mechanical loads can be transmitted to the components, especially in the

066 / B tensile, compression, shear and torsion, now also when joining spacers with butt-covering liners and with small cross-sectional spacers and liners.

Depending on the embodiment according to claims 4 to 7, already known and well proven and in large numbers at low production cost can be used thick chipboards, chipboards (OSB) or fiber boards (FPY, MDF, HDF), which contributes to an economical design load carrying component. In addition, it is possible to adapt to different types of loads and different fields of application.

According to claim 8, it is possible to achieve a further increase in the load-bearing capacity of the load-carrying component when it is between adjacent non-planar and non-planar components, respectively. at least one further linearly extending spacer element disposed by the corrugated spacers.

Also preferred are solutions according to claims 9 and 10, wherein the thickness of the spacer is from 4 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 6 to 14 mm, for example 8 mm, and the thickness of the covering layer is from 6 mm to 20 mm, especially from 8 mm. up to 14 mm, for example 12 mm. Advantageously, the thin-walled load-carrying structure advantageously allows the formation of curved spacers by means of manufacturing methods known in the art, such as pressing, preferably under the action of temperature.

A further embodiment according to claims 11 to 13 is advantageous in that even the largest pores and / or cavities are filled with liquid adhesive diffusing into the surfaces to be bonded and the adhesive is absorbed in part by wood or wood mass elements and inside the spacer or covering layer. forming a reinforcing region, and between the spacer and the cover layer forms a connecting or deflecting region. a reinforcing region which is particularly suitable for transmitting greater shear forces through the bonding and / or reinforcing zone. This is all the more possible, the more the structure of the spacers and the wood-based covering layer is a liquid adhesive material distributed over a portion of its surface by capillary action or sucked in, resulting in a toothing or retaining effect structure between the cover-layer and the spacer

066 / B significantly increases fracture strength values up to 7 N / mm ² , even by butt-gluing.

Further embodiments according to claims 14 and 15 have the advantage that due to different static and / or dynamic load cases, mainly due to forces acting in a direction parallel to the plane of the components, adaptation can occur and the component can be affected in its elastic or . oscillating behavior, especially for use in areas exposed to seismic effects. By correspondingly selecting the joining regions, it is possible in a simple manner to form a partial region of the spacer element, lying between two successive joining regions, resiliently yielding and optimizing it due to the dynamic load.

The solution according to claim 16 allows a combination between a wood or wood material covering layer and a wood or wood material covering layer so that spatial shaping can be performed with this component. It is thus possible for a part of the cover layer to consist of a plastic plate, in particular transparent and possibly colored, for example of plastic.

Preference is given to embodiments according to claims 17 to 20 which constitute a component capable of carrying loads, modifiable for various purposes of use, for example resistance to fire or moisture or resistance to weathering or sound or heat. Thus, it is possible in a simple manner to provide a component with a controlled flame retardant area or to provide at least one of the cover layers as a controlled flame retardant area, so that the component retains its load-bearing capacity up to a predetermined fire resistance time. In addition, the layer provided on the side of the facing layer or facing away from the spacer elements may consist of a wear-resistant material and a highly wear-resistant material, such as plastic, thereby widening the spectrum of use of the component. It is also advantageous to provide a cover layer with a vapor barrier which prevents the passage of water vapor and thus improves the functionality of the component. For example, the layer

066 / B may form a water-releasing material to take into account the fire resistance requirement.

According to claim 21, the optimum inevitable consumption of material or material volume of the core layer from the structural members spacers has been found, and the corrugated spacers can be prevented from swelling of the cover layers due to shock loads. Large-area coating layers spanning the core layer allow the force in the coating layers to be passed on and the force transferred to the core layers.

According to further variants of the embodiment according to FIG. 22 to 24, a structural component which is capable of transmitting a load, which is particularly resistant to external influences, is produced with standardized materials. In addition, large-area covering layers are also shown to be advantageous, since at the same time, with a low component weight, high loads and large spans, for example 6 m and 12 m, can be simultaneously accommodated and increase the load-bearing capacity and torsion resistance of the component. layers and / or spacers. The functionality of the component can additionally be increased by providing at least one of the cover layers as a vapor barrier.

According to claim 25, the use of standardized cheap wood and / or wood materials is allowed. Advantageously, the connecting surface of the spacer elements can also be increased.

The embodiments according to claims 26 and 27 have the disadvantage that, with a low number of individual layers with different or intersecting fiber directions, it is easy to construct a structural component which is bending in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction and / or torsion. the at least one bundled layer receives a function of transversely distributing the loads acting from the outside, and the other bundled layer can receive a large part of the tensile and / or compressive forces in the plane of the plate. By orienting the fibers of the individual layers in an optimized manner in terms of force flow, an optimal longitudinal and transverse distribution of the fibers of the individual layers is possible. As a result, the component has a high load-bearing capacity in several directions

066 / B and can be produced with large spans and / or spacers due to the continuous force flow in the cover layers and / or spacers. lengths.

In the embodiment according to claim 28, a component which is highly load-bearing and of low weight can be provided.

According to claim 29, by fully overlapping the joining region, it is possible to achieve the joining of a plurality of partial or component layers in the cover layer and / or the spacer, highly tensile or compressive, and by offsetting and overlapping the individual partial and component layers.

A further embodiment according to claim 30 is also advantageous, which makes it easy to manufacture and low machine requirements. A further advantage is that no bevel of the veneer sections is required and layer irregularities are avoided.

The embodiment according to claim 31 makes it possible to utilize the entire thick cross-section in the longitudinal direction and, on the one hand, maintains low production costs and on the other hand overlaps the preferably adjacent adjacent veneer sections to utilize substantially the entire clean cross-section in the longitudinal direction. forces.

Also preferred is an embodiment according to claim 32, in which it is possible, on the one hand, to create diffuse open cover layers by simply making through holes and, on the other hand, to avoid additional manufacturing costs by using standardized materials.

However, the embodiments according to claims 33 and 34 are also advantageous, since any arbitrary solid body, the fields of application of which are widely used, can be manufactured in a simple manner.

In the embodiment according to claim 35, supply lines, in particular water lines, power lines, etc., can be arranged in the free spaces between the spacers. Furthermore, these free spaces or channels may assume a ventilation or ventilation function.

066 / B

In the embodiment according to claim 36, properties adapted to different requirements can be achieved, in particular a decrease in heat permeability or sound attenuation. However, it is also advantageous in this connection to have a plurality of airtightly sealed cavities distributed over the covering surface of the components in which the filler is deposited, since this segmentation does not give rise to undesirable phenomena in the form of settling even if the component is inclined. as thermal insulation. A further advantage here is that the filler remains intact in the closed cavities due to environmental influences, as a result of which the high durability and resistance of the components is possible. Naturally, in order to increase the load-bearing capacity and shear resistance of the component, fiber reinforced plastic may also be added to the filler.

According to claim 37, the installation of steam valves, etc. in cavities, to compensate for the pressure resulting mainly from exposure to sunlight or high temperature differences to atmospheric pressure, since the cavities are airtight but vapor permeable in the longitudinal direction.

The embodiment according to claim 38 is also advantageous, since it is possible to form a large-scale endless and dimensionally stable component from a plurality of individual components, whereby the components to be connected to each other can also assume high tensile and compressive forces in the connecting region. components in a perpendicular and / or horizontal direction. In this case, it is advantageous if a recess and / or a protrusion is formed in the front end region of the cover layers and / or the spacers by means of which the components to be joined to one another are held in position or in relation to one another. interconnected in form and force transmitting contact. In this way, a continuous connecting region transmitting force and / or torque is obtained between a plurality of components to be connected to one another.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the load applied to the sheet is transferred to a plurality of components connected to the sheet, as a result of which, due to the load distribution, the components can be formed with a low height and wall thickness and thus a low weight. It is advantageous

066 / B if the recesses and / or the protrusion are designed as abutment and / or connecting surfaces, inclined at an incline away from the front end, as a result of which under heavy loads, especially shear loads, they can be absorbed by the inclined supporting and / or connecting surfaces eventually small displacements of the two components positioned relative to one another without the clamping or breaking of the component in the transverse direction occur in the component.

The solution according to claim 39 is also advantageous because the component exhibits a high load-bearing capacity in a comparatively thin construction in several spatial directions, since a uniform load distribution can occur. An additional advantage is to increase the transmission of shear force in the direction of the width of the building component, while it is possible to prevent the wall elements from tipping over when the building components are inclined.

It is also advantageous to use the component according to claim 40 as a shuttering board, since the panel can take up heavy loads, in particular up to 10 tonnes, even in large-format formats, such as 10 m long and 3 m wide, without causing the sheet to be impermissible.

According to claim 41, the invention proposes the use of the aforementioned structural element as a wall and / or roof and / or ceiling element of a load-bearing structure, for carrying a payload, particularly in shocks and / or soft ground soils. This is made possible by the fact that the component has a low weight and a high stiffness, and thus a high intrinsic oscillation frequency, in particular under force actions in a direction parallel to the component. Furthermore, by providing large-format building components in relation to a predetermined surface, such as a ceiling surface, a wall surface, etc., the number of statically problematic locations between the building components can be greatly reduced. Due to the different orientation of the wood or wood elements in the covering layer and / or in the spacer element, the stress peaks occurring during the earthquake are also reduced, especially in corner areas such as door or window openings of buildings, so that optimum use of the component in seismic

066 / B areas. Furthermore, the use of a building component as a roof component also allows it to be supported or laid on gable walls or masonry partitions, thereby reducing the labor and cost of truss construction.

The component according to claim 42 finds application primarily as a floor or roof component, for which a plurality of components are stacked. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of laterally offset components are superimposed, extending beyond at least one longitudinal side surface and / or transverse side surface of the component. For example, when a building component is used as a floor component, the building components are bluntly placed in a row adjacent to each other so that a fluid-tight connection is formed between the adjacent building components.

However, the object of the invention is also solved by the measures according to claim 43. The advantage is that it is now possible to produce a fully automated component in an endless process in a very simple manner at a low production cost. It is particularly advantageous for the arrangement of the spacing elements perpendicular to the inner surface and the joining of the spacing elements with the butt-covering layer.

Furthermore, the task according to the invention is solved by the measures according to claim 44. The advantage is that it is possible to respond to the series requirement with other formats and without major conversion work, so that high production flexibility is possible.

Also advantageous is the measure according to claim 45, as a result of which the production of the component in an endless process can be considerably shortened.

According to claims 46 to 48, various variants of the production of the component have been proposed, by which a different sequence of production process processes can be carried out and the core layer of spacers, which in the stretched state forms approximately lattice, is applied thereto or continuously to the lower covering layer. to connect with her. The measure according to claim 39 is particularly advantageous, as a result of which a simple application of the connecting and / or reinforcing means can be carried out on the narrow side surfaces of the spacer elements. According to claim 40, the advantage is that the preformed spacers, for example molded or extruded wood-based board elements, are

066 / B can be applied to the cover layer in a de-energized state and bonded to it. Thereby, the core layer constitutes a substantially force-free system, so that stresses, in particular shear forces within the bonding and / or strengthening zone, caused by the backward-deforming forces of the spacer elements can be avoided.

Also advantageous is the measure according to claim 49, whereby the structure formed by the pores, cavities and wood elements in the region of the connecting surfaces of the covering layer and the spacers becomes accessible or increases, thereby improving both the creep and the flow. diffusing the bonding and / or reinforcing means into the interior of the cover layer material and the spacers, and, on the other hand, planar and / or spaced apart elements are formed. full-area support for spacers on the inner surface of the cover layer.

The measure according to claim 50 is advantageous, since during the manufacture of the component in the immediately following process, the component can be manufactured as an end product, as a roof with support elements, as roof battens and / or weather protection.

Finally, there are also advantages concerning the placement of the fastening and / or reinforcing means according to claims 51 and 52.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a component in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 2 is a plan view of partial areas of two interconnected components in a highly simplified schematic representation; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a partial part of a component with receiving grooves for spacers, as they are known per se, in a strongly simplified schematic representation,

056 / B fig. 4 is a plan view of a partial area of a component in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the component according to the invention, in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 6 is a front view of a further embodiment of the component according to the invention and in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the component according to the invention, in a plan view of the core layer, in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a plurality of interconnected components, in a highly simplified schematic representation; FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the construction according to the invention, in front view and in a highly simplified schematic representation, FIG. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the component, in a front view and in a strongly simplified schematic representation; Fig. 11 is a front view of a component in a strongly simplified schematic representation; 12 shows a cross-sectional view of a further variant of the construction according to the invention, in a front view and in a strongly simplified schematic representation, FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of a further variant of a construction element according to the invention, in a highly simplified schematic representation,

066 / B

Fig. 14 a cross-sectional view of a component part of the structural component with the construction of the covering layer according to the invention and with the spacer in perspective, in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 15 a sectional view showing a further variant of the construction of the covering layer, in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 16 a perspective view of a component according to the invention, in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 17 a section along line XVII - XVII in FIG. 16 in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 18 a detail of the connecting region of the spacer and the cover, in cross-section through parts of the spacer and the cover, in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 19 detail showing the effect of mutual restraint between the spacer and the covering layer, after the spacer has been peeled, in cross-section and in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 20 an example of the use of a component as a wall and ceiling element, in side view and in a strongly simplified schematic representation, Fig. 21 an exemplary embodiment of a device for manufacturing a building component according to the invention, in a perspective view and in a strongly simplified schematic representation, and Fig. 22 another exemplary embodiment of a component in side view in a strongly simplified schematic representation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It should be noted at the outset that in different embodiments, the same parts and groups of parts are indicated with the same reference numerals, and the facts contained in the description may be transferred to parts and groups of parts bearing the same reference numerals. Also the location data selected

066 / B in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., can refer to the immediately described as well as the illustrated image and can be transferred to a new position when the position is changed. Furthermore, the individual features or combinations of features of the various embodiments illustrated and described herein may also constitute separate inventive solutions.

In FIG. 1 to 4, the planar, self-supporting and dimensionally stable component 1 according to the invention is shown in various views and in a strongly simplified schematic representation. The component 1, designed as a load-bearing and / or self-supporting and torsionally rigid part of at least a part of wood and / or wood, constitutes in particular a multilayer board which can be used as a roof and / or wall and / or floor and / or ceiling panel. etc. Due to the high torsional stiffness of the components 1, materials or substances sensitive to breakage can now also be deposited on the components. In the illustrated embodiment, the panel has a width 2 defining the distance of the parallel longitudinal side faces 3 mutually perpendicular to the transverse side faces 5, which are at a distance corresponding to the length 4 of the panel.

As shown in this embodiment, the panel has two parallel or mutually extending one or more layered cover layers 7 spaced apart from each other to form a height 6 perpendicular to the width 2 of the length between which lies another layer 10 defining a partial height 9, especially the core layer. The height 12 of the component 1 is the sum of the height of the side walls 13 and the thicknesses 14 of the cover layers 7. The plate-like cover layers 7, which are expediently planar, calibrated and / or ground or multilayered, form a connecting surface 16a for their faces 15a. The opposed side surfaces 17 of the side walls 13, perpendicular to the cover surface 15a, delimit the core layer 11 over their width, the core layer U, as shown in this embodiment, at least locally adjacent the side surface. 17 side wall 13.

066 / B

In order to define the height 6, the cover layers 7 are kept at a distance from one another and / or multilayer assembled strip spacers 18, preferably made of wood, which support them. Spacers 18, preferably perpendicular to the cover layers 7, form in the length direction 4 one or more wavy or meander wall elements 19 spaced apart in the length direction 4 and / or width 2. These have the shape of a periodically repeating continuous function or a curve whose amplitude measured in the width direction 2 may have the same or different values along the length 4. Naturally, the spacers 18 having a length greater than the length 4 of the component 1 may also run substantially parallel to the cover layers 7 so that the peaks 20 support the faces 15a of the cover layers 7 facing them.

As shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, at least two spacers 18 arranged parallel to one another, offset by half the wavelength, in particular the wall elements 19 which may possibly lean against each other, even in an unlocked state or only under a corresponding load, thereby overlapping tangentially in the region of the peaks 20; touch, at least point and especially line. By correspondingly supporting the wall elements 19, high transverse forces can be taken up. The wall members 19, arranged parallel and offset by half a wavelength, define between the two successive peaks 20 a cavity 21 or a chamber which is closed on all sides and is airtight but vapor permeable.

Thus, the panel 1, in particular the layer board, comprises a plurality of cavities 21 or chambers separated from each other by the contact areas. Advantageously, the partial regions of the two side faces 23, 24 of the wall elements 19 face one another tangentially, but may optionally be roughened. The cavities 21 or chambers can naturally also be diamond-shaped. Optionally, the spacers 18 may be spaced apart such that they rest against each other in a loaded state or are biased towards each other in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the component 1.

066 / B

Preferably, the distance (transverse spacing) 25 of the peaks between two mutually facing wall elements 19 is measured in the width direction 2, which is from 200 to 700 mm, preferably from 300 to 500 mm, dimensioned less than the distance (longitudinal). The spacing 26 measured in the length direction between two successive contact areas 22 is from 800 mm to 3000 mm, preferably from 1000 mm to 1400 mm. The thickness 27 of the wall elements 19 is from 4 to 20 mm, preferably from 8 to 12 mm, and is preferably equal to or greater than the thickness 14 of the cover layers 7, which is from 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 5 to 10 mm . The opposing narrow side surfaces 28 of the wall elements 19 facing the surfaces 15a of the cover layers 7, preferably having the same or greater width than the thickness 27 of the spacer elements 18, are with the cover surface 15a and 15a, respectively. the connecting surface 16a of the cover layers 7 at least locally joined in the form and / or force transmitting contact, in particular glued in form or butt-glued, etc. The thickness 29 of the rectilinear wall elements 30 and 30, respectively. The side walls 13, which is from 5 to 40 mm, preferably from 20 to 35 mm, are equally large or larger, preferably larger than the thickness 27 of the wall elements 19.

The self-supporting component 1 with two or more spatially formed and / or multilayer cover layers 7 is connected by means of spacers 18 distributed over the surfaces 15a of the cover layers 7 at least locally in the form-fitting and / or force-transmitting joints. The fastening points between the spaced-apart spacers 18 and the cover layers 7 are disposed in spaced apart positions in the longitudinal direction of the spacers 18 and in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction at a distance from each other greater than the thickness 27 of the spacers. the elements 18 are supported at least in partial areas for the transmission of force to adjacent spacers 18 or are displaceably connected thereto.

The spacers 18 may also optionally rest on each other under load, with the support capable of transmitting the load, so that they lie slightly apart from each other in the unloaded state.

066 / B

In order to increase the spacing surface 16b of the spacing elements 18, the spacing elements 18 may be provided with at least one bar extending over at least a portion of the length of the spacing elements 18 which is connected to the side surfaces 23, 24 of the spacing elements 18.

The ratio of the transverse pitches 25 measured transversely to the length direction to the longitudinal pitches 26 measured in the length direction is from 1: 2 to 1: 4, preferably from 1: 3.33 to 1: 3.5.

The essential advantage of the self-supporting and load-bearing structural component 1 having a low weight is, in particular, that for the cover layers 7 and spacers 18, preferably made of wood and / or wood, a wood fraction is required for the cover layers 7 at a minimum span. or a length 4 of 6 m smaller than 0.04 m ³ / m ^{2 of} surface area 15a, 15b, preferably from 0.01 to 0.035 m ³ / m ^{2 of} surface area 15a, 15b, and the wood fraction of the strip spacers 18, in particular, the wall elements 19, 30 and / or side walls are from 0.0015 to 0.01 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} total building component 1.

By way of example, the thickness 27, 29 of the spacing members 18, in particular the spatially shaped or undulating wall elements 19, is 12 mm and the rectilinear wall elements 30 or side walls 13 30 mm and at a height of 6, 9 side walls 13 or wall elements 19 140 mm, a material proportion of approximately 0.00826 m ³ / m ^{2 is required} . In the case of non-planar wall elements 19 with a transverse distance of 25 400 mm, having a height of 9 140 mm, a material proportion of approximately 0.005 m ³ / m ^{2 is required} . Naturally, the thickness of the side wall 13 may be of a different dimension than the thickness 27 of the wall elements 19, 30.

The total material consumption of wood and / or wood mass at a thickness of 6 mm of the cover layers 7 is then approximately 0.0203 m ³ / m ² . For this purpose, two rectilinear side walls 13 or wall elements 30 and seven spatially formed and / or three-dimensionally shaped side walls are used. non-planar, respectively. of the corrugated wall elements 19, wherein the component 1 is disposed in the longitudinal direction in both opposite end regions and in the middle, and thereby

066 / B consists of several sub-areas between the stowage points, having a length 4 of 12 m and a width 2 of 2 500 mm.

The following functional relationships apply as the basis for the calculation:

m ² non-planar wall element / m ² component = (height of spacers x 1 meter length x number of non-planar wall elements x 1.06): (component width x 1 meter length) m ² straight wall / m ² component = (spacer height x 1 meter length x number of straight wall elements): (component width x 1 meter length) m ³ uneven wall element / m ² component = (spacer height x 1 meter length x number of non-planar wall elements x thickness wall elements x 1.06): (component width x 1 meter length) m ³ linear wall element / m ² construction element = (spacing height x 1 meter length x number of rectilinear wall elements x wall element thickness x 1.06) : (component width x 1 meter length)

In this example, the rectilinear wall elements 30 apply as side walls

13th

The material proportion of wood and / or wood mass for this example is divided as follows:

Total volume, resp. the volume volume at a partial length of 6 m is approximately 0.152 m ³ / m ² .

Uneven wall elements 19 need 3.2%, rectilinear wall elements 30 approximately 2.1%, cover layers 7 approximately 7.8% of the total volume, respectively. the volume of the core layer U is approximately 92%.

066 / B

Naturally, any arbitrary design is possible, depending on static requirements.

The self-supporting, dimensionally stable component 1 with one or more cover layers 7 comprises a plurality of spatially shaped spacing elements 18 distributed over the surfaces 15a of the cover layers 7 which are at least locally connected to the cover layers 7 in form and / or force transmitting contact, The core layer 11 constitutes from 50% to 98% of the volume of the component 1. The spacer elements 18, distributed over the cover area 15a of the cover layer 7, need from 10% to 10%. up to 50% of the material volume of the component 1, the narrow faces 28 of the spacer elements

18 facing the surfaces 15a are arranged substantially parallel to the surface 15a of the cover layers 7.

It should be pointed out that the component 1, in particular the cover layers 7 and / or the wall elements 19, 30 can also consist of a metal or non-metallic material and / or a glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Naturally, it is also possible that the wall elements 19 offset by half a wave length or arranged with the same phase, preferably arcuate, are spaced apart in the width direction, and there are therefore several adjacent cavities 21 in the longitudinal direction of the component 1 or chambers bounded by corrugated wall elements 19 and / or rectilinear wall elements 30 or side walls 13.

Furthermore, the wall elements 19, 30 and / or the wall elements 19 and the side walls 13 in the region of the apexes 20 or the contact areas 22 can also be connected in the form and / or force transmitting contact.

In FIG. 2 is a plan view of a plurality of components 1 in a highly simplified and schematic representation. Wall elements

19, spaced apart from each other and with a thickness 29 which is offset by half a wave length, at least locally in line with the surface 17 of the side wall 13 or with the surface 23, 24 of the rectilinear wall element 30 which is formed with a thickness 29 corresponding to their distance.

066 / B

If a gap is left between two adjacent spacers 18, the circulation of the environment is possible through this cavity or channel defined by the gap as necessary to ensure ventilation and ventilation tasks.

The wall element 30 or side wall 13 and the wavy curved wall element 19 define a cavity 21 or a chamber. Of course, it is also possible for the wavy curved wall elements 19 lying side by side to be parallel to each other and to run in phase or phase shifting and spaced apart. Of course, one or more wall elements 30 may be interposed between the wall elements 19. Of course, the wall elements 19 may be connected to one another in one or more areas 22 overlapping the cover layers 7 and / or the wall element 30. Naturally, there may be between the rectilinear wall element 30. and / or a plurality of non-planar wall elements 19 are also disposed by the side walls 13.

A plurality of components 1, which are butt-stacked in the connection region 32 and are connected in an infinite form to each other in form and / or force transmission contact, can be connected to one of the large-scale components 1 by one or more connecting elements 31. Advantageously, the components 1 to be joined to each other, in particular their cover layers 7, comprise at least one of the faces facing each other at the end regions 33 and / or on the narrow faces of the cover layers 7, a supporting and / or connecting surface 34 (FIG. 3), which is arranged at least obliquely over the thickness 14. Preferably, the support and / or connection surface 34 extends over the entire width 2 and / or length 4 or only over a portion of the width 2 and / or length 4 of the cover layers 7. from the cover layers, at least a groove recess 35 with at least two abutment and / or connecting surfaces 34 converging to each other at an inclination to A padding and / or adhesive layer is expediently interposed between the mutually facing and interlocking surfaces 34 of the two components 1 facing each other. By such a combination of connecting elements 31, a large-area one-piece component capable of carrying a load can be formed.

066 / B and particularly exposed to high tensile and bending loads. Of course, the side walls 13 may also be provided with a connecting element 31 so that they are mutually interconnected by locally overlapping side walls 13.

The wall elements 19 and / or 30 of the interconnected components 1 may be butt-connected or overlapping or overlapping locally in the connection region 32, and at these points they may also be joined by force transmission and / or positive fit.

As can be better deduced from FIG. 3, the component 1 in the end region 33 connected to the other component 1 is provided with a recess 35 into which the projection of the further component 1 protrudes. Spacers 18, butt-wound or overlapping in the connection region 2 and / or the cover layers 7 of the components 1 form an equally flat transition between the interconnected components 1 and allow the force and / or positive engagement to form a force and / or torque transfer member 31. Naturally, spacers 18 and / or cover layers 7 in the connection region 32 may be bevelled.

The wall elements 19 and / or the wall elements 30 form a spacing between the cover layers 7, preferably multilayered, of height 9, subtracting the depth of the grooves for receiving the wall elements 19, 30, as will be described more precisely. Furthermore, it would also be possible for a plurality of components 1 to be connected to each other by means of at least one connecting element on the facing surfaces 15b of the cover layers 7 in mutually positive and / or force transmission contact.

As can be further deduced from FIG. 3, the cover layer 7 may be formed as a multilayer. For example, the cover layer 7 is formed by an intermediate layer 36 lying between spaced apart top layers 37, joined by a filler and / or adhesive layer or an artificial resin. The intermediate layer 36 may be formed by glued or pressed together wood and / or wood masses 38 or a sandwich part, for example consisting of different foam plastics or corresponding aluminum construction and wood or wood masses and the like.

066 / B

Of course, there is also the possibility that the intermediate layer 36 is formed from a prepreg known in the art, in particular fiber prepreg, or veneer layers arranged in a longitudinal direction and / or in a direction oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction or intersecting and glued together wherein the veneer layers are deposited to optimize the force flow.

Suitably, for this purpose the at least one veneer layer of the cover layers 7 and / or the wall elements 19, 30 and / or the side walls 13 in a plane perpendicular to its length direction and / or across the longitudinal direction of the veneer layer comprises at least one bevel S corresponding to another the bevel S to be connected to it. Thereby an overlapping or bonding region is formed between the individual veneer layers. Preferably, the bevels S are arranged so that they lie in the opposite covering layers 7 in the longitudinal direction at a distance, i.e. offset. For the sake of clarity, this has been illustrated schematically in FIG. Second

Another not shown embodiment is that in the longitudinal direction of the component 1, a plurality of spaced apart spacing elements 18, in particular wall elements 19, 30, abut one another, or that these elements are disposed in at least a locally overlapping or overlapping position; are optionally connected. Conveniently, the connection areas in the longitudinal direction of the component 1 are offset with respect to one another, so that substantially no positive break points are created which would result from the connection points lying in the same plane. Naturally, cover layers 7 can also be formed in this way.

Likewise, vapor barriers or fibrous reinforcements or flame retardants can also be placed between the individual veneer layers. Conveniently between the topsheets 37 having a width 2 and / or length 4 of rectangular cross-section 38, a larger cross-sectional dimension preferably lies in the thickness direction 14 of the cover layer 7. The strips 38 arranged in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the cover layers 7 are bonded to the top layers 37, in particular glued. The topsheets 37, overlapping the narrow sides of the strips 38, provide the topsheet 7 with a high flexural and tensile strength that

By providing one or more strips 38 of metal and / or plastic, they contribute to increasing the flexural strength in the longitudinal and / or transverse directions.

As schematically illustrated, spacers 18, in particular wall elements 19 and / or 30, may comprise a plurality of layers, one or more interlayers 40 being formed between the top layers 39, which are formed, for example, of wood and / or wood or synthetic resins and / or filler or adhesive layers or foam plastics or aluminum structures and the like. Naturally, there is a possibility that the cover layers 7 and / or the wall elements 19 and / or 30 consist of slats or glued plywood or molded chip-based parts with or without reinforcement or metal, etc.

The recessed groove 41, recessed in at least one of the facing surfaces 17 of the cover layers 7, positions or holds the wall elements 19 and / or 30 extending in the longitudinal or transverse direction embedded in the groove 41. The cross-sectional course of the wall elements 19 and / or 30 with a cross-sectional course of the bearing grooves 41, wherein the width of the bearing grooves 41 is expediently dimensioned as slightly larger than the thickness 27 or 29 of the wall elements 19 or 30 in which sealant is placed in the hollow groove defined by the difference with dimensions 27, 29. . or a plastic grout for positioning the wall elements 19, 30. Naturally, it is also possible to form the bearing groove 41 as a flush fit groove.

In FIG. 14 shows a further variant of the construction of the component 1 in plan view with a strongly simplified schematic representation. A plurality of wall elements W, 30 are disposed in the longitudinal direction between the two opposing side walls 13, and a rectilinear wall element 30 is disposed between at least two wall elements 19, 30 offset by half a wave length. respectively. an adjacent corrugated wall element 19 adjoins immediately to the previous corrugated wall element 19, such that the corrugated wall elements 19 or the corrugated and linear wall elements 30 adjoin each other. At least one of the cover layers 7 comprises an additional layer 43 connected to the surface 42 flat

066/8

15b of the cover layer 7, the further layer 43 apparently constituting a protective layer 44 formed of a non-combustible or hardly combustible material, in particular a mineral material. Naturally, the protective plate 44 may be provided with a fireproof coating. The non-flammable or low-flammable protective plate 44, optionally with a non-flammable coating, is bonded to the cover layer 6 by a low-flammable adhesive. Another possibility is that the layer 43 is formed, for example, of mineral wool for thermal insulation or of plastic, such as foamed polystyrene, or veneer layers, or metal or radiation repellent materials, such as lead.

The protective plate 44 may be made of a non-combustible, but in the case of fire, foamable and insulating material, for example potassium or sodium silicate. Naturally, the layer 43 may, for example, be formed by a facade cladding such as a decorative board, etc., or from a plastic film or a laminate of plastic or aluminum or a sheet or veneer layer or water-repellent material, especially impregnated materials.

Another option is to integrate solar energy elements, in particular collectors or photovoltaics.

Fig. 2 and 4 show only exemplary embodiments with respect to the arrangement of the wall elements 19, 30 between the two opposite, preferably parallel, side walls 13. Naturally, the wall elements 19, as shown, can also be arranged parallel and with the same phase and / or a plurality of wall elements 19 offset by half the wavelength may be combined, and the other wall elements 19 are arranged with the same phase, for example, at least local, linear wall elements 30 may be disposed therebetween. Wall elements 19, 30 and / or lateral the walls 13 and / or the cover layers 7 can be joined to each other in a force-transmitting and / or form-fitting connection, in particular gluing, sizing, clamping and the like.

In FIG. Figures 5 and 6 show further embodiments in various views in a strongly simplified schematic representation. The component 1 shown in FIG. 5, is formed essentially

066 / B cover layers 7 having a width 2 and length 7, side walls 13 defining width 2 and spacers 18 having a height 9, in particular wall elements 19 and / or 30. Wall elements 19, 30 arranged between the cover layers 7 extend in the direction of the length 4 and / or width 2 of the component 1, as can also be derived for the other embodiments, and may be formed by one or more partial layers.

One of the two single-layer or multi-layered and spatially shaped cover layers is formed as a curved concave cover layer 7 facing the plate-like second cover layer 7. Naturally, the cover layer 7 opposing the even flat cover layer 7 may have the shape of a convex curved surface. or the two facing and parallel facing layers 7 have the same convex or concave curvature so as to form a substantially circular arc segment. As a result, various shapes of solid bodies or components 7 can be formed. Advantageously, the spacers 18 are glued to the cover layers 7 as they are formed in order to increase the load-bearing capacity. The construction of the individual components required is expediently carried out by means of CNC machines with economical production costs.

If one of the two opposing heights 9 of the core layer, respectively, is in the longitudinal direction. the height 12 of the component 7, consisting of the height 9 and the thicknesses 14 of the covering layers made substantially higher than the height 9 opposite thereto, such a component 1 can be produced by setting an abrasion-resistant plastic coating on the surface 15b of the covering layer 7 a core layer 11, for example a skateboard track which, after filling the cavities 21 or chambers with material, in particular recycled material, plastic and the like, enables both a damping effect and a minimization of noise by damping sound waves.

066 / B

Another embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows that at least one of the cover layers 7 or side walls 13 extends in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction of the component 1 at an angle to the opposite cover layer 7 or side wall 13 and, for example, forms a support element for the support structure. In this case, at least one cover layer 7, extending between the side walls 13, runs obliquely to this opposite cover layer 7. Of course, the two cover layers 7 can be arranged to run together or be arranged parallel to one another. Between these cover layers 7 are mounted wall elements 19, 30 running parallel to the side walls 13, whose height 9 decreases continuously as a function of the angular progression towards the smaller height 6 of the side wall 13.

Naturally, all geometric shapes in the arrangement of the cover layers 7 and / or side walls 13 and wall elements 19 and / or 30 are possible. For example, the component 1 may have an approximately trapezoidal or square or rectangular cross-section whose cross-sectional the dimensions may increase or decrease in the longitudinal direction.

In FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in plan view and in a substantially simplified schematic representation. The spacers 18 are formed by a plurality of cells 45 whose walls 46 may be formed of wood and / or wood or metal, etc., preferably aluminum, and are arranged perpendicular to the surface 15a of the cover layer 7 towards the opposite cover. The cells 45 have a square and / or hexagonal honeycomb structure and their walls consist of partially simple and partially double baffles 47 which are connected or welded to each other, etc. The side walls 13 and / or baffles 47 enclose airtightly sealed cavities or chambers 21, which are optionally filled with non-combustible or hardly flammable and / or heat insulating materials.

FIG. 8 to 13, the component 48 according to the invention is shown in various views. The component 48 is formed by one or more at least partially overlapping components 1. The component 1 is essentially formed by cover layers 7 having a width 2 and a length of 4, side walls 13 defining width 2, and spacers 18, in particular walls.

066 / B and / or 30 and / or cells 45. As can be deduced from the exemplary embodiments, each of the embodiments may be provided with sound-damping materials, heat-insulating, non-flammable or hardly flammable, as partially schematically shown, housed in cavities 21 or chambers. . The side surfaces 5 define a height 12, wherein the height 12 may be in the direction of the length of the components! different size.

For example, as not shown below, one or more components 1 may also be joined to a bonded truss or load-bearing structure, etc., in the form of a primary structure.

As is better seen in FIG. 8, the multilayer building block 48 is formed of at least two partial building blocks 1 stacked on top of each other and in the direction of width 2 and / or length 4 and connected together in positive and / or force transmitting contact. The multilayer components 48 stacked one after the other and / or adjacent to each other overlap in the connection area 49 where the components are located! on their mutually facing longitudinal side faces 3 and / or transverse side faces 4 and / or on the outer, facing and overlapping surfaces 15b of the cover layers 7, joined together in form-fit and / or force-transmitting contact. Naturally, in the region of the longitudinal side surface 3, the joint region 42 can be formed to connect a plurality of components. Advantageously, the components 1 of one of the faces 50 facing each other are attached butt together. Between the longitudinal side faces 3 and / or the transverse side faces 4 and / or the faces 15b of the cover layers 7 facing each other, preferably there is a filler or adhesive layer which connects the two components 1 in a form fit and / or a fit fit to transmit power.

The components 1 on the surface facing away from the surface 50 and facing each other are preferably mounted at a small distance from each other, so that after the two components have been applied and joined together! a gap or elastic expansion joint is formed, so that any tolerances such as angular error, etc., have no effect on, for example, fluid-tight

Alternatively, the components 1 can also be connected to each other in the connection region 49 on the mutually facing and overlapping transverse side surfaces 5 or surface surfaces 15b. Furthermore, any stresses caused by temperature differences can be compensated for by the gap. By aligning the plurality of components 1, a large-area multilayer panel 48 may be formed, in particular a floor panel or a wall panel or a roof panel.

Of course, there is also the possibility that the components 1 can also be offset with respect to one another in the direction of their length 4 and / or width 2. Another possibility is that, for example, the component 1 facing the surface 50 projects on both opposing longitudinal side surfaces 3 and / or the front end region 33.

As schematically illustrated below, it is also possible to use spacers 18 in the shape of approximately I, which are made of wood or preferably of profiles extruded from plastic, etc. and formed substantially symmetrically spaced apart U-shaped wall sections having a common vertical web and transverse flanges. Between the vertical web and the transverse flanges, the transition region in the form of a circular arc is sized as large with respect to the height 9 of the spacer 18. The chamber, located between opposite transverse walls, serves to accommodate adhesive, especially waterproof adhesive, thereby increasing the bonding area 16b.

As shown in FIG. 9 and 10, cavities 21, respectively. the chambers are at least partially filled with thermally and / or acoustically insulating and / or hardly flammable and / or non-flammable fillers 51, which may have various properties. By providing a series of cavities 21 or chambers, the load distribution and the high shear strength of the component 1 are achieved, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the segmentation of the filler 51 is achieved. For example, the filler 51 can be formed of bulk material, organic or inorganic substances, in particular sawdust or chips, cellulose, etc., or a non-combustible rock wool or plastics or recycled material. In particular, segmentation can prevent the formation of settlements that may occur, for example, at an inclined or vertical angle.

066 / B installation position of components 1, resp. 48. By depositing different filler layers 51 having different thermal conductivity, an optimized heat transfer can be achieved. Of course, the filler 51 can, for example, also be reinforced with fibers.

Than. FIG. 10; the cavity 21 or the chamber may also be partially filled with the filler 51, with a free air layer available in the free space left between the surface of the filler 51 and the surface 15a. Thus, the filler 51 is still not immediately exposed to changing ambient conditions, so that the properties of the filler 51 are not adversely affected.

As can be better seen in FIG. 11, a plurality of components 1 can naturally also be superimposed, for example between at least one further component 1 extending between at least one longitudinal side surface 3 and / or the transverse side surface 4 of at least one of the outer parts 1 Thereby, at least one plug-in connection can be established between a plurality of components 1 arranged adjacent to each other. Naturally, in this arrangement, the cavities 21 or chambers of at least one component 1 can also be filled wholly or at least partly with filler 51.

In FIG. 12 and 13, two further embodiments are now shown in which the cavities 21 or chambers are wholly or partially filled with fillers 51.

As shown in FIG. 12, by means of spaced apart wall elements 19, 30 from the at least one component 1, the circulation of the medium is taken over and, as a result, no additional vapor barrier is required in the filled component 1. In addition, an additional load-bearing component 1 is provided by the additional component 1 placed on top. By placing a diffusion-open cover layer 7, which is achievable, for example, through the through holes passing through the cover layer 7 or the diffusion-open materials, circulation of the medium is possible through both components 1. In this way, it is possible to avoid multiple loads in the production of an additional arrangement or attachment of, for example, a laminated or glued vapor barrier

In addition, there is a possibility that the medium may circulate through the orifices or diffusely open materials between a plurality of filled or unfilled components L

As is also evident from this figure, the spacers 18 may comprise at least one topsheet 39 and at least one intermediate layer 40. The intermediate layer 40 is formed by a plurality of longitudinal strips extending in the longitudinal direction between each other and spaced apart by the top layers 39 of the spacer elements 18. Conveniently they are spaced apart at a height of 9 and the interlayers 40 are connected to the top layers 39, a longitudinal strip is disposed in the regions facing the cover layers. It is advantageous here that a larger connecting surface 16b is created and, in addition, a thermal improvement is achieved.

In FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment in which at least one component 1, in particular a cover layer 7, forms a defined flame control zone 52, the material composition of which is dimensioned on the basis of the required fire resistance time. This flame retardant control zone 52 may consist, for example, of a metallic or organic or inorganic material. All materials known in the art can be used for this purpose. These naturally also include materials which release water at elevated temperatures, such as aluminum hydroxides, alkali metal silicates, hydrated phosphates, hydrated borosilicates, etc. Suitably, the strength-enhancing core layer 11 is likewise formed from hardly flammable or non-flammable materials or fillers 51 which consist of a number of different components or substances. It is particularly advantageous in this arrangement that after the burn-out of the component Ί provided with the burn-off control area, the tensile and / or compressive forces can be transmitted from another component 1 having a residual load-bearing capacity. As can be seen from the figures, the spacing elements 18 of the superposed components 1 arranged in the same cross-sectional plane can be arranged one above the other in the width direction or offset from one another, which in particular leads to a thermal improvement.

066 / B

Naturally, the component 1 can also at least partially fill cavities 21 or chambers with fillers 51 to form a sound and / or heat insulating core layer 11 through which the ventilation or ventilation tasks and / or the burn-out control area 52 can be taken.

Preferably, the wall elements 19 and / or 30 constituting the spacing elements 18 are formed by veneer layers arranged in the length direction and / or transversely thereto, overlapping and glued to each other or lath lamellae and the like. Naturally, vapor barriers of aluminum or plastic foil or fiber reinforcements or fire protection or heat insulating materials and / or metal materials, etc. may also be placed between the individual veneer layers. The spacers 18 are mainly butt-glued to the cover layers on their connecting surface 16a and / or are glued in a positive fit into the receiving groove 41. The cover layers 7 can naturally be formed by all prior art boards, such as fiber boards, especially medium MDF or OSB dense fiber boards or laminate boards or compact boards or coated particle board or sandwich board, etc. Naturally, the spacers 18 of a plurality of components 1 connected to each other can be provided with a bevel and / or dovetail or toothed connection on their faces facing each other facing each other so that an endless component can be formed.

Finally, it should be noted that the airtight but expediently vapor-permeable cavities 21 or chambers are provided with a through-hole provided with a diaphragm or steam valve, the pressure exerted by sunlight or high temperature differences in the cavities 21 can be equilibrated to atmospheric pressure. Advantageously, the end region 33 of the first component and the end region 33 of the last component 1 are provided with at least one air-impermeable sealing strip in which the diaphragm or steam valve is disposed, so that the vapor pressure can escape in the longitudinal direction of the component 1. through a diaphragm or steam valves. The vapor permeability is possible through spacers 18 lying

066 / B spaced apart and / or vapor permeable spacers 18 or cover layers 7.

In FIG. 14 and 15 show a partial area of the component 1 in a side view, in section and in a partially simplified schematic representation. The cover layers 7 comprising a plurality of sub-layers 53, 54 are spaced from one another corresponding to the height 9 of the spacing elements 18, in particular the wall elements 19, 30, and form the height 19 of the component 1. The sub-layers 53, 54 each comprise two or more wherein at least one of the component layers 55, 56 comprises a plurality of stacked veneer sections 57, 58 or veneer sublayers in the cover layer and / or the spacer 18 of the component 1, as a result of which the joining area 59 of the component layer 55, 56, formed between successive veneer sections 57, 58, fully overlaps another component layer 55 of the same sub layer 53 or a layer layer 56 of the second sub layer 54 in parallel with it. 56 in the cover layer 7 and / or at least one spacer of 18 µl they are offset in the longitudinal direction. The individual component layers 55, 56 of the cover layers 7 are formed symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the median plane of the component 1 and connected to each other.

As can be seen from the figures, a contact 60 is formed between the mutually facing side faces, in particular the side faces of the end portions 57 of the component layer 55 and between the mutually facing side faces, especially the end faces of the end portions 58 of the layer layer 56, perpendicular to the direction of the length of the veneer section 57, 58. By the multilayer construction of the cover layers 7, each contact 60 of one component layer 55, 56 is completely overlapped by another component layer 55, 56, so that no bevel of the individual component layers 55, 56 however, it is possible.

066 / B

The sub-layers 53 facing the spacers 18, especially one above the other and the spaced-apart veneer sections 57 of the individual component layers 55, are arranged with the fiber direction 61 transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cover layer 7, while the veneer sections 58 of the next sub-layer 54. For example, the longitudinally-oriented fibers of the outer sub-layer 54 may be tensile and transmitted, and the inner sub-layer 53 with the fibers perpendicular to the longitudinal direction may be taken up by the longitudinally-oriented fibers of the outer sub-layer 54. and transmit pressure forces. Therefore, the fibers of the individual sub-layers 53, 54 intersect.

The outer sublayer is preferably provided with two to seven, preferably from three, five superimposed component layers 56 of the veneer sections 57, which are connected to each other via the facing surfaces 64 of the veneer sections 57 or 58, preferably glued. The inner partial layer 53 is preferably provided with one to three, preferably two superimposed layers 55 of the veneer sections 57. Due to the large-area gluing on the surfaces 63, it is no longer necessary to join the stacked and adjacent veneer sections 57, 58 to each other. Naturally, any arbitrary arrangement of the individual sub-layers 53, 54 of the two facing layers 7 is possible. The sub-layer 53 and / or the layer 54 may also be formed by longitudinally extending wood strips and / or intersecting them. wood strips, which can be bevelled in the joining region 59 or can be joined to each other by a lap or dovetail joint.

As can be deduced from FIG. 15, it is also possible that at least one of the sub-layers 53, 54, in particular the outer sub-layer 54, consists of a material other than wood, in particular a thin sheet 64 or plastic having a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, in particular from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. In this case, the sheet metal 64 can at the same time take on the function of a vapor barrier or a cover. Of course, there is also the possibility of placing the sheet 64 between the sub-layer 53 and the spacer elements 18 and / or between the two sub-layers 53 and 54.

066 / B. The component layers 55, 56 are bonded together by a waterproof and reacted and irreversible component adhesive.

Such a construction of cover layers 7 is naturally also applicable to spacers 18 and sidewalls 13, such as the top layers 39 of spacers 18 formed by veneer sections containing fibers extending in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction, and an intermediate layer 40 formed by veneer sections extending parallel to spacers 18. Contact 66 is formed between the veneer sections of the layers.

Another not shown embodiment consists in that the component 7 comprises a plurality of cover layers 7, in particular more than two cover layers 7 between which spacers are connected to the cover layers 7, the two outer cover layers 7 expediently comprising a plurality of sub-layers 53, 54 and between them the cover layer 7 comprises at least one partial layer 53 or 54. The spacing elements 18 between the two cover layers 7 can be disposed in the longitudinal direction of the component 1 and / or transverse to it. If the spacers 18 are disposed in the longitudinal direction between the two cover layers 7, they may be displaced relative to one another with an offset in the transverse direction and / or in the longitudinal direction.

The self-supporting and load-bearing building element 7 can also be used as a roof element, placed between opposing gable walls and / or supported and supported on one or more partitions. The surface 15b of the building component 1, which lies on the side facing away from the inside of the building, may already be provided with transverse battens for laying or retaining the roof tiles prior to the assembly of the component.

Another embodiment (not shown) of the component 1 consists in that at least one of the cover layers 7 comprises at least one diffusion-tight partial layer 53, 54, in particular a component layer 55, 56 or at least one other layer 43 deposited on the cover layer 7, and another the cover layer 7 comprises at least one hygroscopic sub-layer 53, 54 and / or a sub-layer 53, 54 capable of storing a liquid, in particular a component layer 55, 56 that collects and accumulates and / or discharges condensate into the air around the building

066 / B appearing in the core layer 11 of the component. The diffusion-tight sub-layer 53, 54 or another layer 43 may be a plastic, aluminum, etc. foil. or metal materials. Suitably, the cover layer 7 facing the interior space is airtight and capable of transmitting force, closable openings, pores, etc.

In FIG. Figures 16 to 18 show the self-supporting and load-bearing component 1 together described in various views and in a very simplified schematic representation. The building component 1, formed at least in part of wood, is designed as a composite laminated board and can be used as a large-area building component 1, for example for wall, ceiling or floor panels. According to this embodiment, the panel has longitudinal side surfaces 3 arranged at a distance corresponding to the width 2 of the panel, and transverse side surfaces 4 arranged perpendicular thereto. At a distance corresponding to the height 6 of the panel perpendicular to width 2, two parallel or single layer layers 7, between which a core layer 11 with a height 9 is disposed. The height 12 of the component 1 is formed by the sum of the height 6 of the side walls 13 and the thicknesses 14 of the cover layers 7.

In the simplest case, but not further illustrated, the component 1 consists of a cover layer 7 and a core layer 11 limited by side walls 13. The core layer 11 is formed by strip spacers 18 distributed over the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7. The core layer 11, in particular the spacers 18, are connected by means of at least one connecting element 70, which preferably extends over the entire length of the spacing element 18, with their connecting surfaces 16b facing the surface 15a in form and / or force transmitting contact with at least a portion of the surface. area 15a. At least one connecting region 71 extending along the length 4 of the spacer element 18 is formed between the spacer element 18 and the cover layer 7. For the purpose of adapting to different applications of the load-bearing component 1, there may be at several locations 72 between the spacer element 18 and the cover layer 7. spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the spacer element 18, is provided

066 / B of the connecting area 7Ί as shown in FIG. 16, in which the connecting and / or reinforcing means 70 are accommodated.

According to this embodiment, the thickness 14 of the cover layer 7 defined by the inner surface 15a and the outer surface 15b extending therethrough is formed by a board 76 consisting of timber or wood mass elements 73 disposed in a random spatial position, in particular wood chips and / or wood fiber mass, with at least locally between the elements 73 disposed by the cavities 75 and / or on the surfaces of the wood or wood mass elements 73 formed by the pores 74. The board 76 thus formed may for example be a particle board (FPY) or medium dense board ( MDF) or laminated-strand-lumber (LSL) or oriented-strand-board (OSB). Suitably, the OSB is used for the cover layer 7. The OSBs well known in the art are generally multilayered or single-piece, wherein both the outer layers 37 or outer layer regions are oriented lengthwise and the intermediate layer or intermediate region comprises transversely oriented elements 73 or wood elements 73, in particular chips. The two outer layers 37 of the OSBs can naturally differ in thickness depending on the load to be absorbed.

In this case, the outer layers 37 defining the intermediate layer or intermediate region constitute at least a part of the thickness 14 of the cover layer 7. Naturally, several layers 36 and / or 37 may also be used. The thickness of the two outer layers 37 or outer areas is from 0.3 to 8 mm. from 0.5 to 2 mm, for example 0.8 mm. As a result, the load-bearing capacity in the longitudinal direction or the length 4 of the component 1 can be substantially increased or increased. The elements 73 of wood or wood, respectively. the chips, in particular the outer layers 36 or the outer region of the cover layers 7, have a cross-section of approximately 75 mm in length and 0.7 mm in thickness. Another embodiment of the multilayer OSB-board 76 is that the wood or wood elements 73 and 73, respectively. chips of the outer and middle layers 36, 37, respectively. The outer and middle regions are formed by veneer strips with a length of 120 mm to 350 mm, for example 150 mm long, possibly waterproofed. This embodiment is characterized in particular by the reduction of undesirable shape changes of the cover layer 7,

066 / B caused by moisture. Such cover layers 7, in particular of OSB boards, generally have a high proportion of wood, in particular over 96%, for example of through-timber, and can, due to the cross-gluing of the two outer layers 37 to the interlayer 36, assume high loads in the length and width directions. Further, these boards 76 are characterized by high weather resistance. The coating thickness 14 is from 8 mm to 14 mm, for example 10 mm.

As shown in FIG. 16, the spacers 18 are arranged in the length direction 4 of the component 1 and are oriented perpendicularly to the inner surface 15a and extend with the joining surfaces 16a, 16b of the narrow side surfaces 28 parallel to the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7 to which they are applied and form a connection region 71 between these surfaces.

As a result, the connecting surface 16b and its corresponding inner surface 15a extends in the same plane and the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7 are placed perpendicular to each other and joined together by butt jointing.

As a result, no groove recesses are needed to receive the spacer elements 18 and to support them to fix them to the cover layer 7.

Spatially shaped, spacing element 18, in particular wavy in the longitudinal direction, is formed by timber or wood mass elements 73 in a spatially random position, in particular wood chips and / or wood fiber masses, with at least locally spaced cavities 75 between the elements 73 and / or on the surfaces of these wood or timber elements 73 formed by pores 74. The board 76 thus formed may, for example, be a particle board (FPY) or a medium-density fiber board (MDF) or an oriented-strand-board (OSB) or laminated-strand-lumber (LSL) board. Suitably, the spacer 18 is formed by plate strips 77 of bent chipboard (Biegenspannplatte, FPY). Such single-layer, three-layer or multilayer flat pressed plates or bent particle boards are already known in the art.

066 / B

As is evident from this preferred embodiment, a plurality of mutually parallel spacers 18, each offset by half a wavelength, are disposed on the inner surface 15a of the cover layer, the reversal areas 78 of two adjacent spacers 18 adjacent to each other. they sit down and lean on each other. The distance between two consecutive longitudinal directions of the component 1 by successive turn zones 78 is from 800 to 3,000 mm, in particular from 2,000 to 2,800 mm, for example 2,500 mm, and is preferably greater than the transverse spacing 25 measured across the longitudinal direction of the component 1 between the turnover regions 78 of two side-by-side spacing elements 18, which are 200 to 700 mm, in particular from 300 to 500 mm, for example 400 mm. This results in a ratio of the longitudinal pitch 26 to the transverse pitch 25 from 1: 4 to 1: 4.3.

Advantageously, the spacers are on their side faces 23, 24 facing each other in the region of the turnover 78, respectively. in the regions of contact 22 formed therewith interconnected with the force-transmitting and / or positive-fit contact and form a one-piece core layer 11, respectively. the chamber is delimited by the partial regions of two adjacent spacers 18 and / or by the partial region of the spacer 18 and the side wall 13 between two successive reversal areas 78 and preferably both cover layers 7. The thickness 27 of the spacer 18 is from 4 mm to 8 mm; for example 6 mm. As mentioned above for the cover layer 7, but not further illustrated, the spacer element 18 may be multilayered and may comprise both outer layers 39 or regions and an intermediate layer 40 or intermediate regions.

In this case, the outer layers 39 or the regions and the intermediate layer 40 or the region of the cover layer 7 and / or the spacers 18 may, for example, have a different density and / or cross orientation of the wood or wood mass elements 73 or material different from the wood or wood mass elements 73 , such as plastic and / or metal, etc. Therefore, the spacer element 18 may consist of the above described three-layer or multi-layer strand board or OSB-strand board. Naturally, the cover layer 7 and / or the spacers 18 may also comprise at least one reinforcing layer formed by

066 / B with fiber prepreg and / or resin impregnated fiber mats, for example with carbon and / or glass fibers and / or nets and / or knitted fabrics of the same or different threads or fibers for fabric reinforcement.

As is better seen in FIG. 17, the component 1 with two cover layers 7 and spacers 18 disposed therebetween is shown in strong simplification, wherein at least one connecting region 71 is formed between the first lower and further top cover 7 and the spacers 18. As already mentioned above, the cover layers 7 are formed from OSB-board 76 and the spacer elements 18 are formed from strips 77 of FPY-boards, with the top layer 37 of cover layers 7 facing the spacer 18 containing band or fiber elements 73 wood or wood masses arranged substantially in the longitudinal direction of the component 1 and the intermediate layer 36 of the cover layers 7 are disposed substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the construction element 1. Due to the manufacturing process of the cover layers 7, cavities are closed between the wood or wood mass elements 73 75, and pores 74. Du are unevenly formed over the surface of the wood and wood elements 73 The tines 75 in the region of the outer cover layer 37 or the cover area facing the spacer 18 extend substantially parallel and / or at least obliquely to the inner surface 15a and / or cross each other. The wood or wood elements 73 of the outer cover layer 37, extending substantially crosswise and / or at an angle to the wood or wood elements 73 of the intermediate layer 36 of the cover layers 7 surround cavities 75 formed between the wood or wood elements 73 and substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wood or wood elements. 73 and / or crosses.

The spacers 18, consisting essentially of the wood-based web strips 77, preferably comprise wood or wood elements 73, arranged crosswise over their thickness 27, which also comprise pores 74, irregularly distributed over their surface. The timber or timber elements 73 of the spacer elements 18 extend at an incline substantially in a plurality of spatial directions at an angle to the joining surface 16b and the joining surface 16b, respectively. the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7. As is known in the art, the wood or wood elements 73 have spacers

The 066 / B elements 18 of the formed FPY plate strips 77 have a main dimension 79, in particular a length or width of approximately 1 mm to 10 mm, for example 6 mm.

It should be noted at this point that any arbitrary combination of cover layers 7 and spacers 18 made of wood, such as FPY and FPY or OSB and FPY or FPY and OSB or OSB and OSB is possible.

At least the wood or wood element 73 of the OSB cover layer 7, arranged substantially parallel to the surface area 15a in the region adjacent to it, especially the topsheet 37, oriented in the longitudinal direction, is formed in the region 71 of the spacer element 18 at least its main dimension 79 is greater than the thickness 14 of the spacer element 18 or is a multiple of the thickness 14 of the spacer element 18. To attach the spacer element 18 in the joining area 71 extending over the entire length of the joining surface 16b or in several joining areas 71 spaced apart, by a spacer element 18 and a cover layer 7, the connecting and / or reinforcing means 70, in the joining area or areas 71 between the spacer 18 and the cover layer 7, spaced apart.

The curable bonding and / or reinforcing agent 70 is preferably an adhesive, preferably an adhesive capable of filling pores or a cavity of up to 2 mm, mainly of urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde or melamine-urea or phenol-formaldehyde condensation resins. Naturally, the cold or hot-curable fasteners and / or fasteners 70 may also form

A resorcinol adhesive or any other preferably thermosetting synthetic adhesive, for example PVAC or PUR. Naturally, any prior art adhesives having such a viscosity that they can diffuse into the bonding surfaces 16a, 16b of the surface area 15a and the spacer element 18 can be used to bond the core layer 11 to the at least one cover layer 7. Highly viscous adhesives can at least during application to the bonding surfaces 16a, 16b by microwave energy or by the influence of temperature, etc. change them

066 / B viscosity so that reliable diffusion into the interior of the connecting surfaces 16a, 16b is possible.

Naturally, the bonding and / or reinforcing means 70 may also be a one- or two-component or multi-component adhesive, with or without an extender, and a filler and / or hardener. The inner cover layer 15a with open pores and a narrow side surface 28, respectively. The curable liquid adhesive diffuses through the wood or wood elements 73 with open pores, applied to the narrow side surface 28 and / or in the joining area 71 for connecting the spacer 18 to the cover layer 7, inside the spacer elements 18 and the cover layer 7. diffuses through the arrangement of the wood or wood elements 73 in the covering layer 7, substantially in the longitudinal direction and / or partially in the width direction and over a portion of its thickness 14 and is absorbed by the arrangement of the wood or wood elements 73 in the spacer 18 substantially in the direction its height 9.

Thereby, in a simple manner, a bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 with wood or wood elements 73 and / or pores 74 and / or cavities 75 between the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18 is formed in the bonding area 71 between the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18. The bonding and / or reinforcing means 70. This bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 has a higher mechanical load-bearing capacity to the adjacent areas of the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18, particularly in compression, tension, bending, shear and torsional stiffness. The bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 between the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18, provided over a portion of the thickness 7 and the height 9, has in each of these connecting areas 71 a T-shaped connection profile, the maximum connecting section 81 of the first section of the connecting and and / or the reinforcement zone 80 extending into the spacer element 18 is defined by the minimum thickness 14 of the spacer element 18, and the minimum joint cross section 82 of another section of the joining and / or reinforcement zone 80 extending into the cover layer 7 is greater than the maximum thickness 27 of the spacer 18. Thus, when two cover layers 7 are arranged, a approximately I-shaped connecting cross-section is formed between the cover layers 7 and the spacer element 18. Connecting and / or strengthening means

The 066 / B zone 80 extending into the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18 is made at its thickness d several times greater than the maximum surface roughness of the cover layer 7 and the spacer 18 in the joining area 71 of these parts and is approximately from 0.02 to 8 mm, in particular 4 mm, for example 4 mm. The bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 is designed to be hardly flammable and / or preventing the spread of fire.

It should be noted that the bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80 formed by the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means 70 in the connecting regions 71 is shown in FIG. 17 is shown only schematically and that attempts have been made to show how this zone is in the form of a hedgehog and the individual thistle arms of this zone are clawed in with claws or wood elements. The component 1 can assume higher tensile and compression loads due to the presence of the bonding and / or reinforcing zone 80.

As further shown in FIG. 17, of course, there is also the possibility that at least one of the cover layers 7 on the outer surface 15b facing away from the core layer 11 is provided with at least one additional layer 43, as indicated by the dotted lines. This layer is preferably formed of a fiber mat of additionally expandable raw materials with a porous surface and with added inorganic material, in particular silica flour. Suitably, the fibrous mat is inseparably connected to the surface 15a, 15b through the filler or adhesive layer 42. Naturally, it is also possible for the layer 43 deposited on the inner and / or surface layer 15b to be formed by a coating of plastic, film, paint, varnish or by refining the surface of melamine resin. Furthermore, this layer 43 may be formed by an optionally colored layer or an adhesive layer, at least partially embossed into the outer layer 37 of the cover layer 7, such as a melamine-urea-formaldehyde layer or a phenol-formaldehyde layer, or a plastic film. In addition, it is also possible for the outer surface layer 15b to be smooth or structured at least in partial areas.

066 / B

For better understanding and clarification of small material, respectively. For example, a two-field system with a total component length of 12 m and a length of 4, measured between two support points, of 6 m, and a width of 2 with a size of 2 m, as well as a lateral spacing of 25 s 400 mm and longitudinal spacing (longitudinal spacing width) 26 2,500 mm.

At a thickness of 27 spacers 18, in particular spatially shaped, respectively. the non-planar wall elements 19 having a size of 6 mm and a wall element height of 140 mm, the material portion is approximately 0.0043 m ^{3 of the} non-planar wall elements per m ^{2 of the} building component.

At a thickness of 27, 29 of the spacer elements 18, in particular of the rectilinear wall elements 30 and 30, respectively. the side walls 13 of 12 mm and the height of 6, 9 side walls 13 or wall elements 19 140 mm is a material fraction of approximately 0.00168 m ^{3 of} non-planar wall elements per m ² of the component.

The total material consumption of the planar and non-planar spacers 18 is then about 0.00598 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component and the covering layers 7 are about 0.024 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component. Two rectilinear side walls 13 or walls 30 and ten spatially reshaped and / or three-dimensionally reshaped and non-resilient side walls were used as the substrate for this purpose. non-planar wall elements 19. The correction factor for uneven wall elements was found to be 3% and was taken into account accordingly in the calculations for the material share m ^{3 of the} non-planar wall element / m ^{2 of the} building component.

The core layer 11 constitutes from about 50% to 98% of the volume of the component, wherein the planar and / or non-planar spacers 18 distributed over the inner surface 15a of the cover layer 7 represent from 10% to 50%, in particular from 18% to 25%. and, for example, 20% of the material volume of the component 1. It should be pointed out that the height 9 of the core layer 11 can naturally vary, resulting in a variation in the volume of the component 1 and the material volume of the component 1 and spacers 18. 9 from 80 mm to 350 mm, in particular from 120 mm to 300 mm and for example 140 mm.

066 / B

It is particularly advantageous here that the construction of the core layer 11 and the spanning planar cover layers 7 at a span or length of 4 with a size of 6 m and a height of 9 approximately 140 mm and a thickness 27 of spacer elements 18 and a thickness of 14 are 7 of approximately 12 mm. to transmit a payload of approximately 1 kN / m ² .

In FIG. 19 shows a partial area of the cover layer 7 and a partial area of the spacer 18 separated from the cover layer 7 in a highly simplified and schematic representation. In this connection, it is apparent that after the spacer element 18 and / or the cover layer 7 has been subjected to an inadmissible test force substantially perpendicular to the cover layer 7, the joining area of the joining and / or reinforcing zone 80 is composed of wood or wood elements 73 and joining and / or reinforcing means 70, torn out. By increasing the lateral cross-section 81 in the region of the cover layer 7 relative to the maximum cross-section 82 of the spacer 18, a high resistance to tearing of the spacer 18 from the cover layer 7 is achieved, thereby raising the cover 7 from the spacer 18.

Tests have shown that even when the spacer element 18 and the cover layer 7 are glued, the shear values of up to 7 N / mm ² could be achieved in the shear

In FIG. 20 shows an exemplary use of a large-scale building component 1 as a wall component 83 or a ceiling component 84 for a building in a side view and a highly schematic representation. The wall panel 1 comprises at least one cover layer 7 and spacers 18 distributed over its inner surface 15a, which are connected to the cover layer by positive and / or force transmitting contact. The cover layer 7 and the spacers 18, as described above in detail, are made of wood mass. In the illustrated embodiment of the wall panel 83, this panel has longitudinal side walls 3 parallel to one another at a distance corresponding to a width 2 to which transverse side walls 5 perpendicular to each other correspond to a length 4 relative to each other. of the variant variants, the spacers 18, made of wood, are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction

066 / B or a length of 4, and are arranged parallel to each other by half a wave length. The wall panel 83 and the ceiling panel 84 are fastened to the support members 86 perpendicular to the base plate 86 via the connecting portions 85. The horizontal planar base plate 86 is supported on the ground soil 88 and is formed of concrete with or without reinforcement. The support members (columns) 87 located at a pitch corresponding to the length 4 of the wall panel 83 are inserted into the base plate 86 and are immovably connected thereto. The components 1 are connected to the support elements 87 immovably or with a floating grip via the connecting parts 85. The connecting portions 85 may be formed, for example, by profile angles extending over at least a portion of the width 2 and the width 2, respectively. of the transverse side faces 5 and / or the longitudinal side faces 3.

When a small gap is formed between the lower side surface 3 and the base plate 86, the wall member 84 is held and supported essentially solely by the support elements (columns) 87. The construction of the wall members 84 corresponds to that already described in FIG. 1 to 19 and can also be transferred to the embodiment of FIG. 20th

The component is well suited for load-bearing structures in seismic areas, especially buildings where there are soft ground soils 88, especially sandy soils, because in the case of an earthquake dynamic forces acting substantially parallel to the plane of the wall component 84 can occur. are transmitted to the support members 87, to absorb the component 1 by its predetermined oscillation behavior. This is possible to the extent that the component 1 is designed as a large-area and low weight, and therefore a high vibration amplitude. For this purpose, the component 1 comprises corrugated spacers 18 which are connected to the inner surface 15a. Naturally, the behavior of the component 1 in oscillation can also be greatly affected by the flexibility of the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means 70, in particular the adhesive, and the configuration of the connecting regions 71 as well as the thickness 14, 27 of the cover layer 7 and spacers 18. to the component 1, the component is resiliently deformed substantially in the longitudinal direction. This effect is known to the person skilled in the art as a wall action (Scheibenwirkung).

066 / B

The connections, like the various structural arrangements of the component 1, result from the above-described Figs. 1 to 19.

As is further evident from this figure, one of the cover layers 7 is formed by a plastic plate, in particular a transparent and possibly colored plastic plate, for example of plexiglass.

In FIG. 21 schematically illustrates a method for manufacturing a load-bearing self-supporting component 1, with considerable simplification and in perspective. It should be noted that in this figure, the component 1 has a lower and an upper cover layer 7, between which a core layer H consisting of a plurality of spacers is disposed.

18. Naturally, this component 1 may also comprise only the lower cover layer 7 and the core layer U, in which case the method is modified accordingly.

The manufacturing apparatus 89 for manufacturing the component 1 comprises at least one, preferably endlessly circulating conveyor device 90 for the backsheet 7, infinitely disposed in a first roll about the pivot axis 91, and at least one first applicator roll 92 disposed adjacent the inner surface 15a of the lower for a fastener and / or reinforcement means 70 that rotates about an axis 94 disposed transverse to the conveying direction 93, a filler feed dispenser 95 disposed downstream of the applicator roll 92, and at least one shaking device 96 disposed at the outer surface The movable conveyor device 90, in particular a belt conveyor, has a length which is preferably several times greater than the maximum format length and is at least slightly wider than the maximum format width of the manufactured component 1.

The cover layer 7, which can be unwound from the first coil, continuously moves with its own weight at a predetermined speed bypassing the conveying device 90 in the conveying direction 93. The applicator roll 92, associated with the lower cover layer 7, respectively. to the inner surface 15a, is formed relative to the inner surface 15a by means of adjusting elements (not shown), in particular by pneumatic cylinders, relative to the inner surface 15a,

066 / B by hydraulic cylinders, etc., as a result of which the application of the fastening and / or strengthening means 70 on the inner surface 15a can be switched on and off.

After the at least partially sectioned, preferably full-area application of the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 on the inner surface 15a, the inner surface 15a is deposited with the core layers H formed in a length of 97 in a row immediately in succession. The successive core layers 11 and 11, respectively. their spacers 18 may be butt-stacked in their joining regions 32 together or in a partially overlapping layer or with bevels, as already described with reference to FIG. 3. A substantially continuous endless planar core layer 11, as shown in FIG. 21. In the region of the connection 32, the immediately arranged core layers 11 can be joined together with the positive and / or force-transmitting contact.

Then, the cavities 21 and 22, respectively. of the chamber as shown in FIG. 9, 10, 12 and 13, at least partially fill with filler 51 or a layer or fiber mat is inserted. In order to better distribute the filler 51 in the cavities 21 or chambers, the lower cover layer 7 and the core layer H are vibrationally deposited at least for a short period by shaking 96. After optionally filling the cavities 21 or chambers, the upper cover layer 7 may eventually be used. applies, again by means of a further application roller 92, the connecting and / or reinforcing means 70 on the upper narrow side surfaces 28 or exclusively in the connecting areas 71 or at spaced apart locations 72 as schematically indicated by crosses on the narrow side surfaces 28 of the spacer elements 18 FIG. 16. For this purpose, a further deposition roll 92 is made relatively adjustable.

Thereafter, the upper cover layer 7, infinitely unwound from the upper further coil, is deposited by the inner surface 15a on the narrow side surfaces 28 of the spacer elements 18 butt-jointed and a mutual transmission is carried out to transfer the force, in particular gluing. The unwinding movement of the topsheet 7 is effected by a power roller and a bonding between the topsheet 7 and the core layer U, the controllable speed of the unwound topsheet being

066 / B is slightly less than the adjustable speed of the lower cover layer 7 so that a tensioning force is exerted during the unwinding of the upper cover layer 7 from the next roll.

After the topsheet 7 has been deposited, the endless structural member 7 is fed to a pressing and / or possibly curing device, not further shown and in the transport direction 93, for fast solidification of the coupling and / or reinforcing means 70. The curing device may be chamber, etc., so that a rapid curing or solidification process of the bonding and / or strengthening means 70 can be performed or shortened. Such press and cure devices are already conventional in the art.

After pressing the component 1 and / or optionally curing the reinforcing and / or fastener 70, the endless component 1 is cut in its overall length to a predetermined format length. The core layer 11 has a shorter length 96 relative to the total length of the cover layer 7 being wound. Naturally, the bonding and / or reinforcing means 70 can also be injected or applied by a spray nozzle under a pressure different from atmospheric pressure, in particular overpressure or underpressure.

As will be seen further, the spacers 18 are disposed in the longitudinal direction of unwinding of the lower cover layer 7. Naturally, however, spacers can, as desired when used as a wall panel, also be placed on the inner surface 15a when arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of unwinding. cover layer 7 or transport direction 93.

In FIG. 22 schematically illustrates another method of manufacturing the self-supporting and load-bearing component 1 with great simplification. It should be noted that in this figure, the component 1 has a lower and upper cover layer 7 between which a core layer 11 consisting of a plurality of spacing elements 18 is disposed. Naturally, this component may also comprise only the lower cover layer 7 and the core layer U and the method will change accordingly.

066 / B

The conveyor device 89 is formed by a plurality of partial sections 98 to 103 disposed one behind the other, which are provided with rollers 104 with axes transverse to the conveying direction 93, rotating and driven. In such a way, each of the lower backsheets 7 already cut to a predetermined length 4 is conveyed by these downstream sections 98 to 103. Preferably, a plurality of rollers 104 of one of the downstream sections 98 to 103 are connected to each other for common purpose. drive, such as a chain or belt, one of the rollers being driven by a motor to which it is connected via a flange.

Different work steps occur in the individual sub-sections 98 to 103. In the sub-section 98, the already formatted cover layers 7 are then deposited onto the rollers 104 forming the conveying path and are thus conveyed in the direction 93 in the next sub-section 99. In this sub-section 99 the connecting and / or strengthening means is applied. 70 on the lower narrow side surface 28 of the spacer elements 18 and / or the inner surface 15a of the lower cover layer 7. In a further sub-section 100 following in the conveying direction 93, the cover layers H consisting of spacers 18 are deposited during positioning by the handling system. 107. Further, optionally filling the cavities or gaps with a filler is also performed in a further sub-section 101. Thereafter, in a further sub-section 102, the application of the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 is carried out by means of a spray nozzle 106 on the upper narrow side surface 28 of the spacer elements 18 and / or the inner surface 15a of the upper cover layer 7. the cover layer 7, where it is positioned and placed on the core layer H when positioned by the handling system 108. The applicator nozzle 106 is configured to be displaceable when guided by the sensors in a direction parallel to the plane of the component, i.e. the length and width of the component, preferably along the length. spacers 18.

Prior to laying the core layers 11 on the lower cover layer 7, the core layers are precisely adjusted. Likewise, the topsheet 7 is also set with respect to the bottomsheet 7 prior to the deposition of the core layer 11.

066 / B at the end of the manufacturing process, in the last sub-section 109, the finished component 1 is fed via a handling system 119 to another pressing process or subsequent processing process.

As not shown in greater detail, the production apparatus 89 of FIG. 21 or 22 to place additional equipment for performing other working processes where, for example, the outer surface 15b undergoes subsequent processing, in particular a surface treatment such as grinding, painting, coating, surface hardening, etc. Naturally, carrier elements, such as for roofing tiles and / or protective films, such as plastic film or resin film, can also be subsequently mounted on the component, or the component 1 can be subjected to a chemical treatment, for example, an insect spray.

As is not further illustrated, there are also various production variants with respect to the production of the core layer 11. For example, it is possible for a plurality of equal flat plate strips 77 to be positioned immediately next to each other in a row and, prior to or after the deposition of the core layer 11, to the adjacent surface 15a of the lower cover layer 7 webs 77 for spacers 18 in predetermined joint regions 71 on side faces 23, 24 facing each other, wherein the joint regions 71 between the two plate strips 77 would be offset in their longitudinal direction with respect to the joint regions 71 of the other plate strips 77 to be joined to each other, and before or after the deposition of the portions of the plate strips located between the connecting regions 71, so as to exert force on the grid forming the core layer H.

Furthermore, it is also possible to stack a plurality of planar plate strips 77 in a row adjacent to each other and, under the action of force, to expand them onto the lattice forming the core layer U, and by means of connecting and / or reinforcing means 70 to them in predetermined connecting areas 71 on the lateral surfaces. 23, 24 point or line to each other,

066 / B, the core layer 11 with the spacers 18 is then point or line bonded by means of a fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 in predetermined bonding regions 71 to the inner surface area 15a, first of the lower cover layer and then of the upper cover layer 7.

Naturally, it is also possible for the spacers 18 to be obtained after they have been made by corresponding devices, for example presses, their final wavy shape and the corrugated spacers 18 are deposited on the inner surface layer 15a in the joining area 71 for the spacers 18. in the predetermined connecting regions 71 on the side faces 23, 24 of the spacer elements 18 facing each other, the spacer elements 18 connect the spacers 18 point or line to one another. In this case, before placing the spacer elements 18 in the spacer regions 71 for the spacer elements 18 between the spacer elements and the inner surface 15a of the lower cover layer 7, the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 are applied. Naturally, the connecting and / or reinforcing element can also be applied immediately to the inner covering surface 15a of the upper covering layer 7.

Of course, it is also possible that the spacers 18 and / or the covering layer 7 formed of wood mass are in predetermined connecting areas 71 before the application of the fastening and / or reinforcing means 70 on the inner surfaces 15a and / or on the narrow faces facing each other. the side surfaces 28 and / or the broad side surfaces 23, 24 at least slightly grind, both because of the enlargement of the pores 74 and / or cavities and, secondly, because of planar abutment.

It should be noted that the spacers 18 and the cover layers 7 are connected to each other by means of fasteners and / or reinforcement means 70 in the joining areas 71 and / or that at predetermined locations 72 the spacers 18 with cover layers 7 are optionally additionally connected by means of fasteners. , such as self-drilling screws or staples or nails, etc. Furthermore, it is also possible for the spacer elements 18 to be in them

066 / B abutting points 78 associated with positive or positive engagement, for example in the form of a glued dovetail or toothed joint, or a tongue and groove joint running in the direction of the height of the spacer element 18.

Finally, it should be noted that all features or combinations of features, as explained with reference to FIG. 1 to 15 may be transmitted as an explanation to the embodiments explained with reference to FIG. 16 to 22.

For the sake of completeness, it is noted that for the sake of a better understanding of the component 1, the component 1 is shown partially outside the scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced.

The role of the invention relating to a separate inventive solution can be deduced from the description.

In particular, the individual embodiments and measures shown in FIG. 1 to 22, to form a separate inventive solution. Appropriate inventive tasks and solutions can be derived from the detailed descriptions of these figures.

Claims (52)

PATENT CLAIMS A self-supporting load-bearing component (1) having two cover layers (7) spaced apart from one another by a core layer (11) consisting of a plurality of spacers (18) distributed over facing surfaces (15a) of the cover layers (7), wherein at least some of the spacer elements (18) are spatially shaped along their length, in particular corrugated respectively. the non-planar and narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacer elements (18), as well as the mutually facing surfaces (15a) together form parallel joining surfaces (16a, 16b) which are placed butt-fitting, the spacer elements (18) being at least locally connected to the cover layers (7) by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70), characterized in that the cover layers (7) and spacers (18) are made of wood or wood and a material proportion of the cover layers (7). 7) for a minimum span or length (4) of 6 m, it is less than 0.03 m ³ / m ^{2 of} surface area (15a, 15b), preferably from 0.01 to 0.024 m ³ / m ^{2 of} surface area (15a, 15b) ) and the material proportion of the strip non-planar spacers (18) is less than 0.005 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component (1), preferably from 0.0035 to 0.0043 m ³ / m ^{2 of the} building component (1). Self-supporting load-bearing component (1), with two cover layers (7) spaced apart by a core layer (11) consisting of a plurality of spacers (18) distributed over facing surfaces (15a) cover layers (7), 32 066 / B, wherein at least some of the spacing elements (18) are spatially shaped along their length, in particular corrugated, respectively. the non - planar and narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacer elements (18), as well as the mutually facing surface surfaces (15a) together form parallel connecting surfaces (16a, 16b) which are placed butt together,. wherein the spacers (18) are at least locally connected to the cover layers (7) by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70), characterized in that the band non-planar spacers (18) are made of wood or wood, and form from 50% to 98% of the volume of the component (1), wherein the spacers (18) distributed over the surface (15a) of the cover layer (7) constitute from 10% to 50%, in particular 20% of the material volume of the component (1) ). Self-supporting load-bearing component (1), with two cover layers (7) spaced apart by a core layer (11) consisting of a plurality of spacers (18) distributed over facing surfaces (15a) of the cover layers (7), wherein at least some of the spacer elements (18) are spatially shaped along their length, in particular corrugated respectively. the non-planar and narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacer elements (18), as well as the mutually facing surface surfaces (15a), form together parallel parallel surfaces (16a, 16b) which are placed butt together with the spacer elements (18) ) are at least locally connected to the cover layers (7) by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70), 32 066 / B, characterized in that the cover layers (7) and the spacers (18) consist of at least one layer (36, 37, 39, 40) of wood or wood-like elements (73) arranged in a random spatial position , interconnected by means of a binder, in particular wood chips or wood fiber materials, with at least locally between the wood or wood mass elements (73) lying cavities (75) or pores (74), the cured bonding and / or reinforcing means (70) permeates the connecting surface (16a, 16b) of the spacer elements (18) and with the elements (73) of wood or wood and / or with the pores (74) and / or the cavities (75) forms in at least one connecting region (71) between the cover a layer (7) and spacers (18) a connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) arranged over a portion of the thickness (14) of the covering layers (7) and the height (9) of the spacers (18) having a higher mechanical load cover layer (7) ) and spacers (18) following the connecting and / or reinforcing region (80). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cover layers (7) are formed by a plate (76) consisting of elements (73) of wood or wood material arranged in a random manner. a spatial position, interconnected by means of a binder, in particular of wood chips and / or wood fiber materials, with at least locally between the wood or wood mass elements (73) lying cavities (75) and pores (74), for example a thick wood board, such as OSB board. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (18) 32 066 / B are formed by a plate strip (77) consisting of timber or wood mass elements (73) arranged in a random spatial position, connected to each other by means of a binder, in particular wood chips and / or wood fiber materials, with at least locally between the wood or wood mass elements (73) and the voids (75) and the pores (74), for example a strip of medium density fiber board, such as MDF board strips, or a chip board, such as FPY board strips. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, their wood-forming panels (76) each comprise at least two top layers (37) or top regions arranged in their thickness (14) arranged parallel to one another with respect to the orientation of the wood or wood-like elements (73) and at least one intermediate layer (36) ) or an interlayer region extending transversely to the topsheets, wherein the elements (73) of wood or wood material of the topsheets (37) and / or the topsheets (37) and / or the topsheets (73) and / or the topsheets (37); The upper region extends in the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) in planes as parallel as possible to its inner surface (15a). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (18) and / or the spacers (18) and / or the load-bearing component (18) are respectively. their forming plate strips (77), comprising in their thickness (27) at least two mutually parallel topsheets (39) or top regions arranged in parallel, comprising at least one intermediate layer (40) or an intermediate layer arranged transversely to the top layers, the elements (73) of wood or wood in the top layers (39) are arranged in planes along the spacer element (18) as widely as possible perpendicular to the narrow side surface (28) of the spacer element. 32,066 / B Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between adjacent non-planar and non-planar components, respectively, is provided. the at least one further linearly extending spacer (18) is disposed by the corrugated spacers (18). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thickness (27) of the spacer (18) is from 4 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 6 to 14 mm, for example 8 mm. . Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickness (14) of the cover layer (7) is from 6 mm to 20 mm, in particular from 8 mm to 14 mm, for example 12 mm. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) between the spacers (18) and the covering layers (7) in said at least one connecting region (71), comprises a connecting cross-section approximately T-shaped, the maximum connecting cross-section (81) of the first section of the connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) extending in the direction of the spacer (18) being defined by the minimum thickness (27) of the spacer (18); and the minimum connecting cross-section (82) of another section of the connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) extending in the direction of the cover layer (7) is greater than the maximum thickness (27) of the spacer (18). 32,066 / B A load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) is formed by an adhesive substance filling up to at least 2 mm of pores or cavities, in particular adhesive. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 12, characterized in that the adhesive belongs to the group of artificial adhesives and consists of urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde or melamine-urea or phenol-formaldehyde condensate resins or resorcinol adhesive. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that two side-by-side spacers (18) resting on one another in the joining regions (71) on their wide side surfaces (23) 24) are connected to each other by a connecting and / or reinforcing means (70), and a further connecting and / or reinforcing zone (80) is provided in the connecting regions (71). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that between the spacers (18) and the cover layers (7) there is in the longitudinal direction of the spacers formed at the spots (72) lying in spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of bonding and / or reinforcing bands (80) in a plurality of bonding regions (71) between the spacers (18) and the cover layers (7) spaced apart in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction, which is greater than the thickness (27) of the spacer elements (18). 32 066/8 Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a part of the cover layer (7) and / or a recess in the cover layer (7) is provided with a load-bearing part of the cover layer (7). at least one material other than wood or wood, for example a plastic plate, collectors or a photovoltaic device. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the surface (15a, 15b) of the cover layer (7) facing and / or facing away from the spacer elements (18) and / or or at least one layer (43) of metal, non-metal, plastic film, mineral material or organic or inorganic material is disposed within the cover layer (7) and / or between the cover layers (7). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to claim 17, characterized in that the layer (43) is formed by a fiber mat of additionally expanding raw materials having a porous surface and filled with an inorganic insulating material, in particular silica flour. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to claim 17, characterized in that the layer (43) on the outer surface (15b) is formed by a coating of plastic, film, paint, varnish or surface refinement with melamine resin. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to claim 17, characterized in that the layer (43) is formed by an adhesive layer, at least partially pressed into the cover layer (7), such as a layer of melamine-urea-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde resin. 32,066 / B Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the corrugated spacers (18) are arranged parallel and offset by half a wave length, preferably in the direction of the length of the component (1). ), wherein the spacing (26) between two successive turning points (78), measured in the longitudinal direction of the spacers (18), is from 800 to 3,000 mm, in particular from 2,000 to 2,800 mm, for example 2,500 mm , and the transverse spacing (25) between two adjacent spacers (18), measured transversely to their length direction, is from 200 to 700 mm, in particular from 300 to 500 mm and for example 400 mm. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the plate-like cover layer (7) is formed of a plurality of partial layers (36, 37, 53, 54). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the plate-like spacers (18) are formed of a plurality of sub-layers (39, 40, 53, 54). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the further partial layer (36, 37, 39, 40) of the spacer (18) or the cover layer (7) is made of wood or wood. a material or metal material, for example aluminum and / or plastic and / or resin-impregnated fiber mats, for example with carbon and / or glass fibers and / or nets and / or knitted fabrics of the same or different threads or fibers for fabric reinforcement. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to Claim 23, characterized in that the spacers (18) are formed at least 32 066 / B with two layers (39) spaced apart and parallel to each other, and a plurality of rods of wood or wood material arranged between the layers (39) and spaced apart in the height direction (9) of the spacer elements (18). Load-bearing self-supporting construction element according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the sub-layers (53, 54) consist of component layers (55, 56) of wood or wood material intersecting with respect to the directions of the fibers (53). 61, 62) of individual layers (53, 54) of wood and / or wood mass, the number of these layers (56) in which the direction of the plys (62) of the veneer layers extends approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) or The element (18) is greater than the number of layers (55) in which the direction of the fibers (61) extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) or the spacer (18). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to claim 26, characterized in that the component layers (55, 56) of the spacer elements (18) and / or the cover layers (7) overlap one another in the longitudinal direction and the individual component layers (55). 55, 56) are interconnected, in particular glued. Self-supporting load-bearing component according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the sub-layers (53) of the cover layers (7) facing the spacer elements (18) comprise a plurality of fiber-oriented component layers (55) (61) transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cover layers (7), which are at least locally overlapped by a plurality of component layers (56) of the further sublayer (54), with the fiber direction (62) extending in the longitudinal direction of the cover layers (7); 32 066 / B and are connected to each other. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of Claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the connecting region (59) between the immediately adjacent veneer sections (57, 58) of at least one component layer (55, 56) covering The layer (7) and / or the spacer (18) of the component (1) is fully overlaid by another component layer (55, 56) of the same or another sub-layer (53, 54) and the joining region (59) of the individual component layers (55, 56) are offset in the longitudinal direction of the cover layer (7) and / or the spacer (18). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the individual component layers (55, 56) of the cover layers (7) or of the spacer elements (18) are relative to the longitudinal median plane or transverse. preferably in the central plane of the building component (1) symmetrically disposed relative to one another. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the side surfaces, in particular the front side surfaces, of the veneer portions (57, 58) in the connection region (59) face one another. at least locally overlapping or butt abutting or connected to each other with a bevel, in particular glued. A load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that at least one of the cover layers (7) is provided with through holes or is formed by a diffusion-open material. 32,066 / B Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the cover layers (7) and / or the side walls (13) are spaced from one another by spacers (18) connected thereto. , they converge obliquely in the direction of the length (4) and / or the height (12) of the component (1). Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the component (1) forms at least one curved or arched cover layer (7). Self-supporting load-bearing component according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that a gap forming a channel is formed between two spacers (18) juxtaposed and extending in the longitudinal direction of the component (1) . Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the cavity (21) enclosed by the spacers (18) is filled at least partially with a filler (51) from the group of organic or inorganic substances, in particular chips. , cellulose, rock wool, etc. I Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that at least one of the front end regions (33) of the component (1) is provided with a closure strip on which at least one membrane impermeable is placed. for air and vapor permeable or steam valve. 32,066 / B Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that at least one of the cover layers (7) is provided with a connecting element (1) in at least one end region (33) of the component (1). 31), formed by a recess (35) and / or a projection, for positioning the complementary connection element of another component (1) formed by a recess (35) and / or a projection. Load-bearing self-supporting component according to any one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the spacers (18) and / or the side walls (13) located between the cover layers (7) are at least locally supported with by adapting the load transfer, for further force transfer, to adjacent spacers (18) and / or side walls (13). Use of a component according to any one of claims 1 to 39 as a board. Use of a structural component according to any one of claims 1 to 39 as a wall and / or roof and / or ceiling component of a load-bearing structure, for carrying a payload, particularly in environments subject to shock and / or on soft ground soils. Use of a plurality of superimposed and segmentally overlapping and interconnected components according to any one of claims 1 to 39 as a load-bearing floor or roof, with at least one connecting region (71) between the cover layer (7) and the spacer element (18). 32,066 / B Method for producing a wood and / or wood-based building component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein a core layer (11) consisting of strip spacers is bonded by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70). elements (18) with lower and upper cover layers (7), characterized in that the strip lower cover layer (7), unwound from the coil, is continuously moved in the conveying direction (93) at a predetermined speed, and initially an inner surface (15a) of the lower cover layer (7) is applied in the predetermined connecting regions (71) for the spacer elements (18) and / or on the lower narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacer elements (18) 1), the core layer (11) is aligned relative to the lower cover layer (7) and deposited on the inner surface (15a) in the plane of the flattened flat lower cover layer (7) deployed, whereupon the bonding and / or reinforcing the bar (70) cures to the extent that at least some of the spacers (18) are positionally fixed relative to the lower covering layer (7) and is applied to the inner surface (15a) of the banded upper covering layer (7) in predetermined bonding areas (71) for spacers (18) and / or on the upper narrow side surfaces (28) of spacers (18), a fastener and / or reinforcement means (70), and an upper cover layer (7) unwound from another roll (7) is stretched onto the core layer (11) by a predetermined tensioning force, whereupon components (1) with a predetermined length (4) are separated from the strip. A method for producing a wood and / or wood-based building component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the core is bonded by means of a curable bonding and / or reinforcing means (70). 32 066 / B layer (11), consisting of strip spacers (18), with a lower covering layer (7) cut to size, and an upper covering layer (7) cut to size, whereupon the covering layers (7) and the core layer (11) is pressed together, characterized in that the lower cover layer (7) is then conveyed in such a direction (93) in the transport direction (93) through partial sections (98 to 103) of the conveying device (90) one after the other wherein in the first sub-section (99) on the inner surface (15a) of the lower cover layer (7), spacers (18) and / or on the lower narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacers (18) are provided in predetermined connecting sections (71); 18) applies the fastening and / or reinforcing means (70), and in the sub-section (100) following in the conveying direction (93), the core layer (11) is aligned with the lower covering layer (7) by the handling system (107) and deposited to the lower covering layer (7), whereupon the connecting and / or the reinforcing means (70) cures so much that at least some of the spacers (18) are positionally fixed relative to the lower cover layer (7), and in a sub-section (102) following in the conveying direction (93) on the inner surface ( 15a) apply a fastening and / or reinforcing means (70) in the predetermined connecting sections (71) for the spacers (18) and / or on the upper narrow side surfaces (28) of the spacing elements (18), and the next sub-section (103) adjusts the upper cover layer (7) relative to the lower cover layer (7) by the handling system (108) and is deposited on the core layer (11), after which the core layer (11) and the cover layers (7) they compress together with a predetermined compressive force under the action of temperature or microwave energy or a radio frequency radiation field. 32,066 / B Method according to claim 43, characterized in that after placing the spacer elements (18) and the cover layers (7) on top of each other, these parts are pressed together by a predetermined contact force, optionally under the influence of temperature or microwave energy or high-frequency radiation. : A method according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that a plurality of straight flat plate strips (77) in the form of a row are set immediately adjacent to each other and before or after the core layer (11) is applied to the inner surface (15a) of the cover layer ( 7), first adjoining flat plate strips (77), intended for spacers (18), are joined by a connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) point or line in predetermined connecting regions (71) between adjacent wide side surfaces (23) 24), wherein the connecting regions (71) between the two plate strips (77) are offset in their longitudinal direction with respect to the connecting surfaces (71) of the other interconnected plate strips (77), wherein the portions of the plate strips (77) located in front of or after settling between the joining regions (71), they are expanded upon application of force to the grid forming the core layer (11). Method according to any one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that a plurality of straight flat plate strips (77) in the form of a row are set directly next to each other and are pulled into the core layer forming grating (11) and predetermined by force. the joining areas (71) between adjacent wide side surfaces (23, 24) are connected by point or line by means of the connecting and / or reinforcing means (70), 32 066 / B, whereupon the core layer (11) is joined to the spacer elements (18) by means of a fastening and / or reinforcing means (70) in predetermined connecting regions (71) point and / or line with the inner surface (15a) first lower and / or thereafter the upper cover layer (7). A method according to any one of claims 43 to 47, characterized in that the spacers (18) are formed as corrugated preformed, for example shaped or extruded board strips (77) of wood, preferably after placing the corrugated spacers. of the elements (18) on the inner surface (15a) of the lower cover layer (7), the spacers (18) interconnect by means of connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) in predetermined connecting regions (71) between their point or line adjacent to each other wide side surfaces (23, 24). Method according to any one of claims 43 to 48, characterized in that the spacer elements (18) and / or the cover layer (7) are disposed in the predetermined connecting regions (71) on the narrow side surfaces (28) and / or the front surfaces (28). the coupling surfaces (16b) and / or the inner surface (15a) and / or the wide side surfaces (23, 24) of the grinding machine. Method according to any one of claims 43 to 49, characterized in that after assembly of the component (1), an additional treatment, in particular a surface treatment such as grinding, is preferably carried out on the outer surface (15b) of the at least one cover layer (7). In particular, the fastening mechanisms for the façade elements or carrier elements, for example for tiles and / or a protective film, for example a plastic film or resin film, are deposited in the next working step. 32,066 / B Method according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) are disposed along the entire length of the narrow side faces (28) of the spacer elements (18) or in the direction of the length of the narrow side faces (28) in predetermined connecting areas (71) spaced apart along the length of the narrow side surfaces (28). Method according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the connecting and / or reinforcing means (70) are arranged along the entire length of adjacent connecting regions (71) for spacers (18) distributed over the inner surface (15). or in predetermined connecting regions (71) spaced apart from each other along the length of the cover layers (71).