CZ19315U1 - Plant protection formulation - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to plant protection products and their use for protecting plants against diseases and pests. 4 »<

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION j

In the protection of plants against diseases and pests, fungicidal and insecticidal or acaridic preparations are usually used which have a curative effect. Most of these products are toxic. ;

\ environmentally dangerous with a negative impact on non-human organisms. They are usually based on the action of one or up to three biologically active substances, which in practice results in the formation of resistant pests and harmful pathogens.

IN

Oil-based preparations consist mainly of a mixture of mineral oils (including paraffin, polypropylene oil), or rapeseed oil and emulsifier with the addition of stabilizers. Most of these oil preparations are used as an insecticide against pests (including against hibernation at the egg stage). Their biological activity is based on the fatty acid activity. Oil emulsions can cause phytotoxicity in some sensitive plants or parts thereof, especially in synthetic preparations, the risk of water contamination, with degradation of these substances in the environment, the need for a withdrawal period. For these reasons, it is necessary to seek further improvements in the state of the art.

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated by the plant protection product according to the invention, which comprises a concentrate of synergistically acting mixture of oil or extract of Pongamia pinnata in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight, fertilizer in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight. . and a surfactant and / or emulsifier carrier in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight, the concentrate forming an emulsion with water at a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight. concentrate.

The formulation according to the invention is further characterized in that the fertilizer is of inorganic and / or organic origin.

The preparation according to the invention is also characterized in that its aqueous emulsion is usable for spraying plants, preferably containing 0.5 to 4% by weight. % oil or extract of Pongamia pinnata and 0.05 to 0.3 wt. % fertilizer and 0.05 to 0.4 wt. carriers.

The preparation according to the invention is a completely ecologically harmless, non-toxic plant protection product which consists of a unique combination of oil and / or water or with the aid of organic solvents of the extract obtained from the seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (syn. Pongamia glabra Vent. Millettia pinnata L., Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet) - hereinafter referred to as oils - and synergistic fertilizer components (fertilizers), the composition of the fertilizer being advantageously varied according to the needs of the intended use, plant species, plant phenological phase and expected time and method of application.

The preparation according to the technical solution can be supplemented in the fertilizer component with components which lead to supplementation of plant nutrition through the leaves. It is particularly advantageous that the oleic or extracted part of the preparation contains, in addition to fatty acids (oleic 40 to 74% by weight and linoleic 10 to 20% by weight), also biologically active substances from the furanoflavonoid group (eg karanjan at least 2% by weight). have fungicidal and bactericidal effects, which are currently used mainly in medicine and cosmetics.

The formulation of the invention comprises carriers, at least one of which is a surfactant and / or an emulsifier. The surfactant and / or emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, surfactant, dispersant or humectant;

- 1GB 19315 U1 can be non-ionic or ionic. Suitable surfactants include sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids and ligninsulfonic acids; condensation products of fatty acids or aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitan, sucrose, or pentaerythrole; their condensates with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; condensation products of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols, for example p-octylphenol or p-octylcresol, with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; sulfates or sulfonates of these condensation products; alkali or alkaline earth salts, preferably sodium salts or sulfonic acid esters containing at least 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sec-10 alkyl sulfates, sodium sulfonated castor oil and sodium alkylarylsulfonates such as dodecylbenzenesulfonate; and polymers of ethylene oxide and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

The essence of the technical solution is the use of the composition according to the technical solution for the protection of plants against insect pests and diseases, both preventively and chickens outside, especially against spider mites, whiteflies, aphids, caterpillar larvae and adults of leaf-eating beetles. gray) and leaf blotches caused by bacterial agents, as successfully demonstrated by the inventors of the technical solution.

The composition according to the invention is preferably applied in the form of sprays to utility and ornamental plants in the wild, greenhouses and households diluted with water (depending on the method of use), preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight. of the active ingredient (oil) in an appropriate aqueous emulsion.

The advantage of the preparation according to the technical solution is its non-toxicity, as it is composed of oil used in cosmetics and medicine. Another advantage of the preparation according to the technical solution is its versatility, because it acts both preventively, when it increases the vitality of plants, and curatively against diseases and pests. It is able to increase vitality, improve the appearance and immunity of plants, with standard preventive application repeated as necessary.

The inventor has been tested that the composition according to the invention is capable of killing at least 80% of the phytophagous pest population, in particular spider mites, whiteflies, aphids, larvae and adult butterflies and beetles, at a concentration of 1 to 3% by weight. % infestation of plants by plant pathogens, in particular against fungal leaf diseases (powdery mildew, gray mold) and leaf spots caused by bacterial agents. The obtained preparation according to the technical solution can be used in agricultural practice and households to increase vitality and to protect useful and ornamental plants against a wide spectrum of diseases and pests.

The following examples illustrate the device according to the invention without limiting it in any way.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1

The preparation according to the technical solution is prepared by thorough mixing of 2 basic components' component - fertilizer and emulsified base:

1. Fertilizer component:

150 ml of standard liquid fertilizer (containing 7% nitrogen, 0.25% iron, 5% magnesium, 7% sulfur)

2nd component - oil part:

800 ml of oil (clarified from waxes and plant residues) is heated to 45 ° C and 30 g of an emulsion stabilizer polymeric agent (eg Atlox 4914, Nonionic polymeric surfactant) heated to 50 ° C is added. The stabilizer is thoroughly mixed with oils. To the mixture was added 1 ml emulsifier (e.g., Tween 85, p.l polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) and mixed thoroughly.

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The two components are then mixed together. The thus prepared base concentrate of the preparation according to the invention is applied in the form of a water emulsion by spraying on the plants until it is wound from the leaves.

Example 2

The effect of the preparation according to the invention on the growth of tomato plants

Tested plants; Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. - Currant Tomato cv. Idyll. (pot diameter 12 cm, common peat substrate, plant size -10 cm)

Dilution variants: The preparation according to the invention prepared according to Example 1 was diluted with water to emulsions with a concentration of 3.1 and 0.5% by weight. Water was used as a control.

Methods: Tomato plants were obtained from their own sowing in a tempered greenhouse. Equally high plants were selected for monitoring. The plants were planted in pots with a diameter of 12 cm, a week after rooting, the plants were placed on the cultivation tables in a greenhouse. The ambient temperature ranged from 21 to 27 ° C, the dressing was carried out into pots as needed. Plants were measured (height) and plants of approximately equal height (10-12 cm) were selected and each plant was unmistakably labeled.

The plants were treated outside the cultivation tables (in order to avoid contamination of the tables and surrounding stands), the application was carried out in the form of spraying - hand sprayer and according to normal horticultural practice to roll out leaves (it is assumed that the users will be small growers) performed as is most common in the practice of potential users). After drying the plants, about 3 hours after application, the plants were placed back on the cultivation tables. The first evaluation was performed on day 3 after application. Further evaluation was 6, 10, 16 and 20 days after application. Each variant was based on 8 plants, the whole experiment was repeated 4 times.

Evaluation: Plant height, overall vitality and phytotoxicity were evaluated. The evaluation of total vitality, which is a subjective property, was performed by three independent observers, on a scoring scale. Each plant in the variant was evaluated and graded according to the scale, an average mark from all observers was used for the overall evaluation of the efficacy of the plant appearance products.

The scale used to assess overall plant vitality as a manifestation of health status and overall impression of plants was as follows:

visibly improved appearance since last rating

2 plants vital visibly healthy visibly impaired appearance since the last evaluation visibly bad (damaged, do not grow, sick, infected) plants dead plants.

As an objective criterion, plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity of preparations. All changes in plants were recorded according to the following scale:

no signs of signs (yellowish leaves, margins) damage up to 30% damage 30 to 50%

5 damage more than 50%.

Results: Mean values (± STANDARD) of plant height are shown in Fig. 1. Mean values (± STANDARD) of total plant vitality are shown in Fig. 2. Phytotoxicity was not detected in any plant and in all variants and repeats the plants were all the time monitoring without visible phytotoxicity. Higher evaluation of the control plants was caused, besides the worse overall appearance, also by the beginning of the attack by greenhouse whiteflies, which occurred randomly in the greenhouse and preferred untreated plants.

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Conclusion:

The preparation according to the invention significantly improved the appearance of plants compared to untreated plants at all tested concentrations. There was a difference between the concentrations, when at higher concentrations the plants were vivid green, the leaves were shiny. At the lowest concentration tested, this effect was not as pronounced. The overall improved vitality of the treated plants was caused by the preparation according to the technical solution.

The plant height was significantly higher in the treated plants by the preparation according to the invention (in conc. 3 and 1 wt.%) By about 5 cm compared to the control. The effect on the preference of the greenhouse whitefruit which it chose to develop an untreated plant (which were loose on the tables, not isolated) was found. Overall the preparation according to the technical solution increased the growth and healthy development of plants.

Example 3

Effect of the product on aphids

Tested plants: Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. - currant tomato cv. Idyll. (pot diameter 12 cm, common peat substrate, plant size 10 cm)

Method: The preparation concentrate according to the invention, prepared according to Example 1, was diluted to a content of 1% by weight. emulsion. The emulsion was sprayed with tomatoes infested with Aphis fabae Sco. (at least 200 adults and nymphs on the plant). The ambient temperature ranged from 25 to 27 ° C, the dressing was carried out into pots as needed. Plants (5 pots) were treated outside the cultivation tables (to avoid contamination of the tables and surrounding crops), application was done by hand spraying, according to normal horticultural practice, to roll out the leaves (it is assumed that the users will be small growers, therefore the application was performed as it is most common in the practice of potential users of the product). The experiment was repeated 5 times.

Assessment: Aphid mortality was assessed 24 hours after application.

Results: 90 (± 5.3)% of pests died 24 hours after application.

Example 4

Effect of the product on spider mite

Tested plants: Humulus lupulus L. Swivel hops, (pot diameter 12 cm, common peat substrate, plant size 10 cm)

Method: The preparation concentrate prepared according to Example 1 was diluted to a 2 wt. emulsion. The emulsion was sprayed with hop plants attacked by spider mite Tetranychus urticae CL Koch. (at least 500 adults and nymphs per plant). The ambient temperature ranged from 23 to 25 ° C, the dressing was carried out into pots as needed. Plants ____ (5 pots) were treated growing outside tables (to avoid contamination of the tables surrounding vegetation), an application was made formoupostřiku ^- - riichi "pOštrikovaěkou ^_ and ^_ topodle-běžné'zahradnické practice to runoff point of the leaves. The experiment was repeated 5 times.

Assessment: Adult and nymph mortality was assessed 48 hours after application.

Results: 92.3 (± 3.3)% of pests died 48 hours after application.

Example 5

Effect of the product on powdery mildew

Tested plants: Humulus lupulus L. - Hops, (pot diameter 12 cm, common peat substrate, plant size 10 cm)

Method: The concentrate of the formulation prepared according to Example 1 was diluted to a 3 wt.

emulsion. The hop plants affected by hop powdery mildew Podosphae-4CZ 19315 Ul ra macularis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takam were sprayed with the emulsion. (visible white colonies of at least 20% leaf area). Ambient temperature ranged from 15 to 20 ^Q C, 80% air humidity, watering was carried out as required in pots. Plants (5 pots) were treated outside the cultivation tables (in order to avoid contamination of the tables and surrounding stands), the application was carried out in the form of spraying - manual spraying, according to normal horticultural practice until the leafing. The experiment was repeated 5 times.

Evaluation method: Was the infestation of plants evaluated 10 days after application compared to untreated plants?

Results: After 10 days the plants were not infected (white spots were not visible), the leaves were ₍ also green, new shoots and leaves healthy). Control plants were also infected with new shoots, the plants were covered with white coating of 50 to 60% .

Claims (2)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS CLAIMS 1. A plant protection product comprising a concentrate of a synergistic blend of Pongamia pinnata oil or extract in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight, fertilizer in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight. and carrying a surfactant and / or emulsifier in an amount of 0.5 to 20 wt%, the concentrate forming an emulsion with water at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 wt%. concentrate. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer is of inorganic and / or organic origin. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that its aqueous emulsion is useful for spraying plants, and preferably contains from 0.5 to 4% by weight. % oil or extract of Pongamia pinnata and 0.05 to 0.3 wt. % fertilizer and 0.05 to 0.4 wt. carriers.