CZ26051U1 - Liquid formulation suppressing occurrence of Sciara fly larvae in cultivation substrate - Google Patents

Description

Liquid agent suppressing the occurrence of saddle larvae in the growing substrate

Technical field

The present invention relates to plant protection products and their use for protecting plants from the larvae of the genus Sciaridae.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Adult species of sadar of the genus Sciaridae mostly do not harm the plants, but they are among the difficult insects found in households. They occur in the vicinity of plants, sit or fly around or occur on the growing substrate. The females then lay eggs on the damp substrate, from which larvae which transparently to white color hatch, which mostly feed on dead parts of the plants. However, in the case of a high incidence, ie in case of their overgrowth, larvae mourning and living plant tissues, especially young roots. This damage may be the gateway for the spread of root system diseases and / or the plants may die and die. Mourning larvae can thus be important pests, especially germinating plants or potted plants.

Insecticidal products are usually used to protect plants against these pests. However, most of these products are toxic, environmentally dangerous with a negative impact on non-target organisms, human and animal health.

Furthermore, the application of parasitic nematodes of the genus Steinemema, for example Steinemema feltiae. However, this method is not always effective to the extent necessary, since it depends on the method of application and subsequent soil and climatic conditions, which often may not be suitable for the development of parasitic nematodes.

Furthermore, various mechanical barriers and glue plates are used which is not aesthetically advantageous.

In addition, it is known that plants grown in containers have the disadvantage that their root system has limited space for obtaining the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of the grown plants. It is therefore necessary to fertilize such plants. The effect of fertilizers based on the principle of plants acceptable nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is sufficiently described in the literature. Likewise, the formulation of fertilizer products made from these fertilizers. The methods and methods of formulation of fertilizers and active ingredients described in the literature are explicitly considered herein.

It is known that fertilizers in ornamental plants are used in the form of fertilizer toppings.

Especially in households where plants are grown in containers, the use of synthetically produced insecticides is undesirable and the application of parasitic nematodes or mechanical barriers is inappropriate.

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned deficiencies are solved by a preparation suppressing the presence of larvae of mourning, which according to the technical solution relates to the creation of a fertilizer emulsion of the type of essential oil-water with dissolved nutrients containing

(a) one or more essential oils isolated from aromatic plants by distillation or other isolation method

(b) appropriate fertilizer

c) a surfactant and / or emulsifier emulsifier system

(d) water.

The compositions according to the invention comprise vegetable oils from one or more types of aromatic plants, preferably two essential oils, in particular one essential oil.

The term "essential oils" refers to aromatic or also essential oils which can be isolated from plants, preferably aromatic plants, by various extraction and isolation methods. Most often they are

The oil consists of terpenes and terpenic derivatives, but also hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and other substances. For our purposes are particularly advantageous essential oils containing monoterpenes (molecular formula CioHi ₆₎ which consists of two isoprene units, as an example we preferably limonene contained in orange peel, further menthol, thymol, carvacrol, camphor, beta-pinene, or geraniol. However, these examples do not limit the invention.

The term "fertilizer" refers to fertilizer components containing, in addition to the urea preferably used, organic and inorganic compounds containing potassium salts, preferably chlorides, sulphates and nitrates, and phosphoric acid or salts thereof, exclusively potassium and ammonium salts. Fertilizers may also contain salts of trace elements, exclusively manganese, magnesium, iron, boron, copper, zinc and molybdenum. Commercially available solid fertilizers are preferably used.

'Concentrate' means a preparation in concentrated form which is further diluted with water to an application concentration which is used immediately for watering plants.

The concentrate of the present invention may contain varying amounts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus over a wide range. Usually contents of 1 to 30 wt. % nitrogen, preferably 5 to 15 wt.%, 1 to 20 wt. % potassium, preferably 3 to 12 wt.%, and 1 to 20 wt. % phosphorus, preferably 3 to 10 wt. The trace elements are preferably comprised between 0.001 and 0.01% w / w.

The preparation according to the invention contains in the concentrate 0.5 to 50 wt. % essential oil, preferably 10 to 20 wt. preferably so that the essential oil content after dilution with water is at a level of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. in the appropriate water emulsion used for the dressing.

The formulation according to the invention comprises carriers, at least one of which is a surface-active agent and / or an emulsifier. The surfactant and / or emulsifier is selected from the group of: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, surfactant, dispersant, or humectant, may be nonionic or ionic. Suitable surfactants include sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids and lignin sulphonic acids, condensation products of fatty acids or aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitan, sucrose or pentaerytrol. , their condensates with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, condensation products of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols, for example p-octylphenol or p-octylcresol, with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, sulphates or sulphonates of these condensation products, alkali or alkaline earth salts, preferably sodium salts or esters of sulfonic acids containing at least 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sec. polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

The essence of the technical solution is also the use of the composition according to the technical solution for the protection of plants against the larvae of Sciaridae, both preventively and curatively, as successfully proven by the inventors of the technical solution.

The composition according to the invention is preferably applied in the form of watering of useful and ornamental plants grown in containers after dilution with water at a concentration of 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight. of the composition in an appropriate water emulsion.

The advantage of the preparation according to the technical solution is its non-toxicity because it is composed of oils used also in cosmetics and medicine. Another advantage of the preparation according to the technical solution is its versatility, because it acts both preventively, when it increases the vitality and growth of plants, and curatively against the larvae of mourning.

The inventor has been tested that the composition of the present invention is capable of killing at least 90% of the Sciaridae mourning population at a concentration of 1-5% by weight.

-2 CZ 26051 Ul

The following examples illustrate the device according to the invention without limiting it in any way.

Examples of technical solutions

Example 1

The preparation according to the technical solution is prepared by thorough mixing of 2 basic components, fertilizer and emulsifying system:

Component 1 - fertilizer components:

In 62 wt. 5.6 parts by weight of pure water were thoroughly dissolved. % of potassium nitrate, 7.8 wt. % of potassium sulfate and 24.5 wt. % of ammonium nitrate.

2nd component - oil part:

Orange oil obtained from orange peel (Citrus chinensis (L.) Osbeck) characterized by a limonene content (95.5% by weight) is mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.5% by weight. with a polymeric agent - (Atlox 4914, Ú.l. nonionic polymeric surfactant). 0.5 wt. % of an emulsifier (Tween 85, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) and mixed thoroughly.

Thereafter, the two components are mixed together in a ratio of 8 parts by weight. component No. 1 and 2 parts of component No. 2. The concentrate of the preparation thus prepared according to the invention is applied in the form of a water emulsion by means of a dressing.

Example 2

The preparation according to the technical solution is prepared by thorough mixing of 2 basic components, fertilizer and emulsifying system:

Component 1 - fertilizer components:

In 80 wt. 15 parts by weight of water are thoroughly dissolved. of urea.

2nd component - oil part:

Peppermint essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from peppermint (Menha x piperita L.), containing predominantly linalyl acetate of 72% by weight. and linalool of 12 wt.%, mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.5 wt. with a polymeric reagent - (Atlox 4914, UI nonionic polymeric surfactant). 0.5 wt. % of an emulsifier (Tween 85, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) and mixed thoroughly.

Thereafter, the two components are mixed together in a ratio of 6 parts by weight. Component No. 1 and 4 parts of Component No. 2 are prepared in this way.

Example 3

The preparation according to the technical solution is prepared by thorough mixing of 2 basic components, fertilizer and emulsifying system:

Component 1 - fertilizer components:

In 75 wt. 10 parts by weight of pure water are thoroughly dissolved. parts of urea and 5.8 wt. parts of potassium nitrate.

2nd component - oil part:

Mixture of essential oils obtained by mixing two essential oils in a ratio of 1: 1 by weight. These essential oils have been obtained from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) plants and are characterized by thymol (49% by weight) and para-cymene (29% by weight) and orange peel (Citrus chinensis)

The mixture of essential oils is mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.5% by weight of limonene (95.5% by weight.). with a polymeric agent - (Atlox 4914, Ú.l. nonionic polymeric surfactant). 0.5 wt. % of an emulsifier (Tween 85, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) and mixed thoroughly.

Thereafter, the two components are mixed together in a ratio of 8 parts by weight. components No. 1 and 2 parts of component No. 2. The concentrate thus prepared according to the invention is applied in the form of a water emulsion by means of a dressing.

Example 4

The effect of the preparation according to the invention on the growth of tomato plants

Tested plants: Lycopersícon lycopersicum L. - tomato currant cv. Idyll. (pot diameter 12 cm, common peat substrate, plant size -10 cm).

Dilution variants: The preparation of the invention prepared according to Example 1 was diluted with water to emulsions of 3, 1 and 0.5% by weight. Water was used as a control.

Methods: Tomato plants were obtained from their own sowing in a tempered greenhouse. Equally tall plants were selected for monitoring. The plants were planted in pots with a diameter of 12 cm, a week after rooting, the plants were placed on the cultivation tables in a greenhouse. The ambient temperature ranged from 21 to 27 ° C, the dressing was carried out into pots as needed. Plants were measured (height) and plants of approximately equal height (10-12 cm) were selected and each plant was unmistakably labeled.

The plants were treated outside the cultivation tables (to avoid contamination of the tables and surrounding stands), the application was carried out in the form of watering, always 100 ml of watering per pot. The first evaluation was performed on day 3 after application. Further evaluation was 6, 10, 16 and 20 days after application. Each variant was based on 8 plants, the whole experiment was repeated 4 times.

Evaluation: Plant height and phytotoxicity were evaluated.

As an objective criterion, plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity of preparations. All changes in plants were recorded according to the following scale:

no sign of signs (yellowish leaves, margins) damage up to 30% damage 30 to 50% damage more than 50%.

Results: Average plant height values are shown in Table 1. Phytotoxicity was not detected in any plant and in all variants and repetitions the plants were free of visible phytotoxicity throughout the observation period.

Conclusion:

The preparation according to the technical solution significantly improved the growth of plants compared to untreated plants at all tested concentrations. There was a difference between the concentrations, when at higher concentrations the plants were vivid green, the leaves were shiny. At the lowest concentration tested, this effect was not as pronounced. The overall improved vitality of the treated plants was caused by the preparation according to the technical solution.

The plant height was significantly higher in the treated plants with the preparation according to the invention (λ 'conc. 3 and 1% by weight) compared to the control. Overall the preparation according to the technical solution increased the growth and healthy development of plants.

-4GB 26051 Ul

Table 1 Average tomato plant height values

Concentration 3.den 6.den 10.den 16.den 2O.den 3% 10.5 15.6 18.7 28.9 32.7 1% 12.1 16.9 19.1 27.6 33.3 0.5% 10.8 13.9 16.8 22.5 28.7 Control 10.5 12.5 15.6 19.8 26.5

Example 5

Influence of the preparation on the sadness trip

The pots with a diameter of 12 cm were filled with a peat substrate which was sufficiently attacked by the larvae of the sadar Sciaridae. Each pot was placed in 15x20x15 cm breeding cages. The pots were in each case filled with 100 ml of different emulsion concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 5.0% by weight) obtained by mixing the preparations according to the invention, prepared according to Examples 1, 2 and 3, with water . The number of newly hatched doo mourners within 20 days of application was evaluated. The experiment was repeated 7 times and was housed in 25 ° C breeding boxes, 18 hours light and 6 hours dark.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Conclusion All preparations according to the technical solution significantly reduced the number of newly hatched adults of sadness.

Table 3

Effect of watering of preparations according to the technical solution on the trip of adults of Sciaridae.

The table shows the average number of adults hatched in one pot within 20 days of application.

Preparation according to example 0.5% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 5.0% 1 12.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 5.8 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 2.9 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 control 89.7

Industrial applicability

The obtained preparation according to the technical solution can be used in agricultural practice and in households to increase the growth of cultivated plants and to protect them against mourning larvae.

Claims (6)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A liquid composition for controlling the presence of larvae of saddles in a growing substrate, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of one or more essential oils obtained from orange plant, peppermint and / or thyme, fertilizer components, a surfactant-based emulsifier system and / or an emulsifier and water. Liquid composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant essential oils are selected from the group consisting primarily of aromatic monoterpenes linalool, linalyl acetate, thymol, para-cymene, preferably limonene. A liquid composition according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it contains at least 10% by weight of vegetable essential oil for the release of an effective amount of monoterpenic agents against the larvae of the mourning. Liquid preparation according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains as fertilizer components organic and inorganic compounds containing potassium salts, preferably chlorides, sulphates and nitrates, and phosphoric acid or salts thereof, preferably potassium and ammonium salts, and fertilizers containing trace element salts, preferably manganese, magnesium, iron, boron, copper, zinc and molybdenum. 5. A liquid composition as claimed in claim 4 comprising varying amounts for plants of acceptable nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in a wide range of 1 to 30% by weight. % nitrogen, preferably 5 to 15 wt.%, 1 to 20 wt. % potassium, preferably 3 to 12 wt.%, and 1 to 20 wt. % phosphorus, preferably 3 to 10 wt.%, with trace elements preferably comprised in the range of 0.001 to 0.01 wt.%. Liquid composition according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains a surfactant and / or an emulsifier which is selected from the group comprising in particular the sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids and ligninsulphonic acids, condensation products of fatty acids or aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitan, sucrose or pentaeryl, their condensates with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, condensation products of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols, with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, sulfates or sulfonates these condensation products, polysorbates, alkaline or alkaline earth salts, sulfonic acid esters containing at least 10 carbon atoms λ 'molecule, sodium secondary alkyl sulfates, sodium sulfated castor oil and sodium alkylarylsulfonates, polymers e thylene oxide and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, natural emulsifiers such as lecithin, fatty acid salts, saponins.