CS547089A2 - Method of fertilizing wastes in liquid form with compost and equipment for its realization - Google Patents

Description

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of composting in liquid form wastes comprising, in particular, animal and / or human discards such as slurry, sewage, sludge from refining equipment, and the like.

Wastes that contain animal and / or human discards are used in the past, mixed with solids, such as straw, peat, foliage or earth, in solid form as fertilizer or manure, in liquid form such as manure or slurry, to fertilize agricultural uses. areas. As a result of mass animal husbandry, as well as changes in the habits of people, especially the high population density in and around cities, these wastes are not only predominantly in liquid form, but also in very large quantities.

As a result, large quantities of such liquid wastes, when exported to farmed areas, are increasingly overgrown with soil. This gives plants too large a supply of nutrients, which they themselves cannot use in the growing season and which the soil can no longer store. As a result, the liquid state of these wastes, especially in conjunction with rainfall, results in substances that cannot be absorbed by the plants, soak up and leach through the soil, with nitrates and trace elements coming from the area of plants into deeper areas of the soil and polluting groundwater.

The same is true for sludge from refining plants, that is to say, in liquid form residues from water treatment plants, which often still contain harmful substances, such as heavy metals, dioxin, and therefore must not be used immediately for fertilization, but export to special landfills.

In addition, due to the impoverishment or deterioration of the multivariate of composting, respectively. humidification of these liquid wastes to produce nutrients for plants is limited. In humification, the aerobic microorganisms degrade the solid organic substances biologically and convert them into humus. A prerequisite for humification under aerobic conditions is the water content required for microbial degradation and sufficient aeration, i.e., the supply of oxygen to the soil as well as the action of aerobic microorganisms suitable for nitrogen to nitrogen (C / N).

Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide the possibility of composting or humidifying such waste in the liquid form as quickly and efficiently as possible so that it can then be supplied to the soil in a microbially distributed form.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves this problem by converting the liquid wastes in a closed vessel with the addition of biodegradable carbonaceous substances, such as straw, wood, and the like, in a pulverized manner by means of at least one dispersing device for introducing mechanical energy and under controlled feeding. high viscosity dispersion of the air suspension and then composting under aerobic expulsion. Suitably, the mechanical energy is introduced by the cavitation-induced suction effect induced by the dispersing device and the air inlet directly into the liquid swirl region is controlled such that a vacuum that is locally limited is maintained in the region. Suitably, the air is supplied by suction conditioned by vacuum and the sieve is limited to maintaining the vacuum.

A small amount of bio-mass containing aerobic microorganisms such as compost may be added to the liquid waste. Dispersed wastes are expediently stored in a settling tank and then deposited on a digestion dump »

The digestion process is expediently carried out in a plurality of stages, wherein the mass to be composted is transferred from the pre-digestion site to the main digestion site and then to the final digestion site. For pre-digestion, the material to be treated is weighed in layers, with a layer of biocompatible carbonaceous substances, such as straw, wood and the like, between the two layers of dispersed waste.

Biodegradable carbonaceous materials are used in about 1 to 3% liquid waste mass.

The basis for the invention is the recognition that nature has had a decisive influence on the living space on the ground, and it still tries to maintain organogenic and biogenic substances in the cycles, but often changes the structures of these substances. bringing energy primarily by wind, water and temperature differences, but also by certain ongoing movements and transport of these substances; time is not playing rolio in time The humus and black earth layers as well as loess soils have been and are still in the coastal areas of the rivers. It is an object of the invention to remove certain wastes from a natural biological transformation process for a certain period of time in order to influence this in order to accelerate

According to the invention, the liquid to be treated is first mixed very intensively with the aid of a dispersing device, yet the solid components are considerably comminuted both mechanically by the dispersing agent itself, but also by spreading. At the same time, mechanical energy is introduced into the limited space to a greater extent by the known process of res. »When rotating the dispersing device at a speed of 1,800 rpm. and at a circumferential velocity of about 38 to 44 meters per second, the liquid flow is torn off in the region of the jamming bodies and thereby necessarily lead to cavitation. Cavitation arises when the liquid flows at high velocity along the rigid body and, as a result of the non-continuity of the body surface, can no longer follow it, but tears it away. There is a vacuum at this point; as a result of this under-pressure, the liquid at this point evaporates in accordance with the vapor pressure associated with that temperature. This phenomenon is, however, in a great mile-stable. When the bubbles formed in the vacuum area and filled with liquid vapors burst, an impregnating effect is created which releases large forces that act on the surface of the rigid body. In doing so, there may be local corrosion of the body surface.

According to the invention, the addition of the biodegradable carbonaceous substances, the so-called carbon carriers, results in the control of the C / N ratio. On the other hand, hydrogen ions, which are released by breaking hydrogen bonds by introducing mechanical energy, will offer the carbon atoms to which they can re-bind; hence the hydration effect, ie the addition of water molecules, or the formation of new compounds with water, which can be seen from the observed increase in dry matter as a result of the dispersion according to the invention.

Furthermore, it is essential for the invention to stabilize the cavitation or suction effect by allowing air generation to be controlled in the region where suction is most abundant. The amount of air drawn in the bubbles can only be so great that the vacuum is not canceled, i. In order to keep the pressure below the atmospheric pressure value, the working air is an essential component of the process according to the invention. On the one hand, the resulting micropores provide aerobic micro-organisms with excellent points of attack, which has a beneficial effect during the later expulsion, thereby accelerating. air in addition to oxygen and nitrogen, which, when reacted, increases the fertilizing effect of the compost obtained »

Furthermore, the process according to the invention is advantageous in that dispersing results in a high viscosity mass having a thixotropic nature from the liquid wastes, which is possible not only immediately after dispersion but also after 24 hours of aging in the downstream settling tanks where As a result of the gentle dispersion of the air in the dispersed mass, the digestion takes place immediately and proceeds under aerobic conditions, so that after a relatively short period of 7 to 5 weeks the it is available as a fertilizer. The present invention also relates to a device for dispersing liquid wastes by means of at least one dispersing device provided in a closed vessel on a drive shaft and rotating about a rotational axis, characterized in that it is designed as a circular disc, which is provided on its periphery with side-by-side arrangement with disintegrating bodies, at least part of which extend from the plane of the disc, and in the region of the dispersing device there are provided devices for the supply of air

The ratio of the diameter of the dispersing device to the container diameter is approximately 1: 2. Lim creates an annular space between the dispersing device and the container wall, in which a barrier is provided which pierces the flow of liquid which is rotatable and adjustable by the rotation axis of the dispersing device.

The jamming bodies are expediently designed as jagged protrusions protruding around the periphery of the disc, which, apart from approximately angular to the axis of rotation extending and angled to the plane of the disc, extend from this plane of protruding lip in a preferably double-curved surface. to the rear, approximately in the plane of the tip of the disc. The outer edge of the jamming bodies 8 extends between the outer end of the cutting edge and at the back, which is curved in a convex fashion.

Breaks may be adjusted between the discontinuities on the disc circumference. These breaks are conveniently formed as longitudinal holes that extend approximately tangentially to the circumference of the disc.

Outlet openings for air are expediently provided along the periphery of the disc, which in conjunction with the outside air are channeled axially in the drive shaft formed as a hollow shaft. The outlet openings are expediently arranged uniformly around the circumference of the disc. a concentric disk of approximately the same diameter is provided in the concentric disk and in a plane parallel to the plane of the disk, and the space between the two shoes serves to supply air.

On the drive shaft, two dispersing devices spaced apart from one another can be arranged one above the other, the dispersing devices having different diameters.

The dispersing device thus formed serves very well to carry out the process according to the invention, namely to disperse liquid wastes to introduce mechanical energy and to process the air in finely divided form.

By forming jamming bodies with a cutting direction directed towards the direction of rotation, a hydraulic grinding stream is produced that favorably comminutes the solids to form a colloidal dispersion.

At the same time, the carbon carriers added in crushed form, such as straw, are entrained by the stream and decomposed into finely divided components, but are preferably kept available in the actual reaction zone. The toothed formation of the jamming bodies and the double-curved shape of their surface results in a depression in the lower tip at the cavity or suction effect behind the straight edges. In addition, the centrifugal force of the liquid mass acts as a vortex, this effect being intensified by the bulkhead treated according to the invention, which can be rotated into the grinding stream during rotation of the dispersion device. Since the masses in the mediation are delayed during the flow, the suction effect is even increased. By arranging the outlet air openings along the periphery of the disc, in particular by creating a rotating slit between the actual disc and the cover disc, the air sucked in by the vacuum is processed into the mass where the sieve is most massive, for example behind the counter.

According to the method of the invention, respectively. not only liquid wastes, such as slurry, waste water, etc., can be processed in the respective plant to accelerate composting but also sludge from refining plants as well as wastes from industrial processing of fruit - 10 - and vegetables as well as water-suspended residues from preparation shavings in the form of grape marc. With reference to the accompanying drawings, another embodiment of the invention is set forth below.

FIG. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the process of the invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through a suitable liquid dispersing vessel; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vessel of Fig. 1 along the longitudinal line III-III; 4, FIG. 6 shows a section along the line VI - VI in FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the longitudinal section along the line VH - VII in FIG.

FIG. 1 shows schematically an overview of the method according to the invention and the equipment needed for its implementation. Vessel 1 serves initially to collect the treated liquids. Just to show the flexibility of the process according to the invention, the illustrated container 1 is provided with two chambers 2 and J and it is indicated that in such a container one can store the slurry 4 (chamber 2) or 5 of the refining apparatus (chamber J). The dotted line 4 ' with the dashed line 5 ' indicates how slurry 6 or slurry 2 '

In the vicinity of the tank 1 there is a storage space 2 for biodegradable carbonaceous substances, such as straw 8, and for biofuels, such as compost 2. · Saar 8Z indicates how these masses can also be transferred to dispersing device 6. In dispersing the apparatus, which will be discussed in more detail below, disperses the treated liquid with the addition of a small amount of straw 8 or another carbon carrier and optionally a biomass 2a for the change of its physical and chemical structure to a thixotropic liquid by changing its physical and chemical structure high viscosity. This liquid is then withdrawn from the dispersing device 6 (line 10) and pumped into one or more settling tanks 11. Aging of the treated material takes place within a relatively short period of about 24 hours in the settling tank. As a result, a small amount of water 12 is deposited at the bottom of the settling tank 11, while the mass becomes stronger. However, even after this aging, it is still possible to pump auxiliary pumps directly to the digester.

In the right part of the diagram in Fig. 1, it is indicated how the mass 13 - on the system line 13 '- is first transferred to the pre-digestion location A - 12, where it is superimposed on a solid, impermeable substrate 14 with a water trap 15 in the unit. Between the individual layers of the layer 13, straw or other carrier layers are again laid in such a way that the addition of the carrier is in the total amount, i.e. in the dispersing device and in the digester, of about 1 to 3% of the liquid weight, from the site A pre-digestion is transferred to the main digestion site B for about 7 to 10 days after being held there, where the microbiological reaction takes place. At 60 DEG -70 DEG C., most of the bound water evaporates here, so that the mass has to be sprayed with water to moisten and to aid in hydration processes. Water can be used to obtain this process. From the main digestion point B, the material is transferred to the final digestion point C where it is left to complete maturation.

In order for the mass 13 to be protected during digestion, in particular at the pre-digestion site A and at the main digestion site B, from the effects of weathering, both from rainfall and sunlight, there is a roof above the digesters. In this digestion process, the liquid starting material is reduced by up to 97%, in particular by the loss of bound water. In total, the digestion time at digestion sites takes approximately 7 to 8 - 13 weeks. After digestion, a valuable humus product is obtained from previous waste products, which can be used immediately as fertilizers.

Figures 2 and 3 show a dispersing device 6 in a longitudinal and transverse cross-section; Figures 4 to 7 show the details of the dispersing device.

In particular, the dispersing device 6 comprises a dispersing cup 21 which rests on the stand 22. The container 21 has a filling opening 23 in the upper area which can be closed by a lid 24. In the lower area, the container 21 is conical; the inclined bottom 25 of the outlet opening 26, which is also closable by the lid 27. The lower portion of the container 21 could also be curved, e.g.

In the vertical longitudinal central axis of the dispersing vessel 21, a drive shaft 26 is disposed, which protrudes from the container 21 at the top; the shaft 26 is housed therein in the bearing housing 29. The shaft 28 is connected to the drive motor 31, for example, by an electric motor, a drive mechanism enclosed in the gearbox 30.

In the illustrated embodiment, on the drive shaft 28, two equally formed dispersing devices 40 are provided, which are described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7. The drive shaft 28 is formed as a hollow shaft; has an axially extending air duct 32 which at the upper end of the shaft 28 opens 14 to the inlet air opening 33 and in the region of the dispersing devices 40 to the horizontal branch duct 34 which leads to the respective dispersing device 40 ' it is equipped with an adjustable nozzle in order to dispense the amount of air sucked as a result of the vacuum generated by the rotation of the dispersing devices 40.

The diameter of the dispersing devices 40 provided in the cylindrical portion of the container 21 is about half that of the largest diameter of the container 21, so that an annular space remains between the outer periphery of the dispersing devices 40 and the bladder. A rotatable partition 35 is provided in this annular space. It comprises a wing 36 which is mounted on the shaft 11 and which shaft 37 is mounted in the upper bearing 38 and in the lower bearing on the vessel 21 '.

Each dispersing device 40 consists of one - lower - dissolving disc 41 and one concentric and parallel to the upper one of the cover disc 42. Both of these discs 41 and 41 are, as is particularly evident from FIG. The two discs 41 and 42 are fixed to the annular flange 43 by suitable coupling means, such as bolts 45, leaving the interspace 44 in the region of the cutout 55 in the flange. The branch channel 34 extends from the air channel 32 to the interspace 44 between the intermediate discs 41 and 41.

Disturbing bodies 46 are provided densely adjacent to each other at the periphery of the dissolving disc 41. These jamming bodies 46 consist, in a simpler manner, of protrusions 47 which have been made of a material blank for the dissolving disc 41 by punching on the press. on the side in the direction of rotation (FIG. 4 - arrow 48), the straight edge 49 is the outer edge 51 extending from the outer face 50. It runs circularly curved to the upward point 52.

There is approximately a longitudinal, approximately tangentially extending overhang 53 between each of the two jamming bodies 46 in the course of the dissolution disc 41.

The jamming bodies 46 arise from the initially flat projections 47 by bending upward by the angle β from the plane of the disc 41 (FIG. 6) and then rotating by an angle α about the radially extending axis (FIG. 5). This results in a trough-shaped depression 54 between the lip 49 and the upward tip 52, which positively affects the formation of cavitation in the region of the back tip 52 and the longitudinal bend 53. the filling is indicated in FIG. 2. After the lid 24 is closed, the dispersing device 40 mounted on the shaft 28 is brought into rotation in the direction indicated by the arrow 48 in FIG. in the approximately tangential position indicated by the reference numeral in FIG. Once the required speed has been reached, the carbon carrier, for example in the form of comminuted straw, is added to the cell again via the filler 23 or other suitable means. As a result of the high circumferential velocity of about 40 m and the particular shape of the jamming bodies 46, a suction effect is generated in the region of the recess 54 extending in the tip 52, which results in a vacuum in this region of the dissipating disc 41 ' air is not sucked through the air suction opening 33 along the outer edge 56 of the cover disc 42, which is via a branch channel 34 in conjunction with the air channel 32 in the shaft 28, the amount of air can be accurately dosed by a nozzle fitted into the air passage In this way, it is possible to supply air in the form of bubbles in a controlled amount not only directly into the intensively processed liquid area, but also to dispense the air in such a manner that the vacuum generated by the suction effect in this area is not canceled.

As soon as this process is carried out, the shaft 37 of the lever is rotated at the upper end of the shaft 37, and thus the wing 36 is rotated in the positions b (frame 3); therefore, the wing abuts against the container wall and is pressed against it by the jutting liquid. The high speed liquid thus breaks as on the weir so that a swirling effect is created, overlapping the rotational movement of the entire liquid, and the vacuum behind the baffle 35 seen in the flow direction is intensified by forming the dispersing devices 20 with double walls it is possible to let the aspirated air exit exactly at the point where the lid is greatest, namely behind the partition 35 seen in the flow direction »- η

After a few minutes of processing, the drive is disengaged and the slurry, which has been altered into an almost colloidal dispersion with thixotropic properties, can be discharged from the discharge port 26 and further processed as described in connection with the pad.

In the same way, a bio-mass, such as a com-post, can be added to accelerate the digestion process0

Claims (9)

A method of composting in liquid form wastes containing, in particular, animal and / or human discards such as slurry, sewage, sludge from refining equipment, etc., characterized in that the liquid waste is converted into a sealed container by adding biodegradable carbonaceous materials, such as wood, wood, and the like, in comminuted form by swirling the at least one dispersing device to introduce high-viscosity mechanical and energy-induced air to the suspension dispersion and then composting under aerobic digestion. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mechanical energy is introduced by the cavitation or suction effect exerted by the dispersing device and the supply of air immediately to the liquid is controlled so that a locally limited vacuum is maintained in said region. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the air is supplied by vacuum suction and the suction is limited to maintaining the vacuum. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a small amount of biomass containing aerobic microorganisms such as compost is added to the liquid waste. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dispersed waste is provisionally stored in a settling tank and then deposited on a digester. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said digestion operation is carried out in a plurality of stages, wherein said mass for composting translates from a predetermined digestion site of said main digester and then to a final digestion site. that pre-digestion is carried out in a layer-wise manner between the treated mass and between two; The layers of dispersed wastes always contain biodegradable carbonaceous substances, such as straw, wood and the method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that about 1 to 3% of the liquid waste mass is added to the biodegradable carbonaceous material. A device for dispersing liquid wastes according to items 1 to 8 with at least one dispersing device provided in a closed manner on a drive shaft and rotating about a pivot axis, characterized in that a circular disk (41) is formed in the dispersing device (40), at its periphery, a plurality of tamper-evident jaws (46) are provided, at least parts of which extend from the plane of the disc (41), wherein air supply means are provided in the region of the percussion device (40); 9, characterized in that the diameter of the dispersing device (40) to the container diameter is about 1: 2. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a partition is provided in the annular space between the dispersing device (40) and the container wall (21) for a rotating fluid flow, rotatable and adjustable about a pivot axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the dispersing device. (40). 12. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the disintegrating bodies (46) are designed to be jagged, circumferentially projecting protrusions (47), which, in addition to approximately rotationally extending to and outwardly inclined at an angle to the disc (41), are provided. the planes of the protruding lip (49) in the preferably double-curved surface extend to the rear approximately in the plane-tipped tip (52). 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the outer edge (51) of the jamming bodies (46) extends between the outer end (50) of the cutting edge (49) and the tip (52) lying in a rearward curve. 14. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that breaks (53) are provided between the individual jamming bodies (21) at the periphery of the disc (41). 15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the intersections (53) are formed as longitudinal holes which extend approximately tangentially to the circumference of the disc (41). 16. An apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that outlet openings of the air are provided along the periphery of the disc (41), which are in communication with the outside air by means of a channel (32) extending axially in the drive shaft (28) formed as hollow shaft. 17. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the outlet openings are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the disc (41) of the device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, at a small distance from the disc (41), a disc (42) of approximately the same diameter is provided by the plane of the disc (41), and the space between the two discs serves to supply air. 19. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least two dispersing devices (40) disposed one above the other are provided on the drive shaft (28). - 22 - 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the dispersing means (40) have different diameters.