DD283988A5 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR COMPOSTING LIQUIDS SUFFICIENT IN LIQUID FORM, SUCH AS GUELL, WASTEWATER, CLAUSE SLUDGE OR THE LIKE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for composting waste products present in liquid form, such as bales, sewage, sewage sludge or the like. For composting present in liquid form, animal and / or human excrement containing wastes, such as galle, wastewater or sewage sludge, a method is proposed in which these wastes in a closed container with the addition of biodegradable carbonaceous substances such. As straw, in comminuted form by Aufwirbelung by means of one or more dispersing tools with entry of mechanical energy and under controlled supply of air into a suspensoide dispersion with high Viskositaet be converted and then composted in an aerobic rotting process. The mechanical energy is introduced by the application of a special dispersing tool by means of cavitation or cavitation effects, resulting in a physical and chemical conversion of the fluid into a mass of high viscosity. As a result of the air incorporated in the finest distribution, the composting process quickly sets in on the compost and accelerates under aerobic conditions, so that compost is available after a relatively short time, which can be used directly as organic fertilizer. Fig. 1 {composting; wastes; Guelle; Sewage; sewage sludge; Container; biodegradable carbonaceous substances; whirling; dispersing; Air; suspensoid dispersion; aerobic composting methods; high viscosity; Fertilizer}

Description

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Method and apparatus for composting waste in liquid form, manure, sewage, sewage sludge or the like

Field of application of the Erflndunp

The invention relates to a method for composting wastes present in liquid form, in particular animal and / or human excrements, such as manure, sewage, sewage sludge or the like, and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.

Characteristics of the known state of the art

Waste containing animal and / or human excretions are mixed with solids such as straw, peat, leaves or soil in solid form as manure or manure or in liquid form as manure or slurry used since time immemorial for fertilization of agricultural land By keeping animals on the one hand and changing human habits on the other hand, especially the large population density prevalent in and around cities, such wastes are not only predominantly liquid, but also very large quantities of »

The large amount of such liquid waste, when applied to agricultural land, therefore increasingly leads to over-fertilization of the soil. Thus, the plants receive an over-supply of nutrients that they can not utilize even during the growing season, and that too Can no longer store soil » The low-viscosity

State of this waste has flush especially in connection with precipitation with the result that the substances _f are not absorbed by the plants can Worden the soil and leach; In particular, nitrates and trace elements from the area of the roots of the plants get into deeper areas of the soil and pollute the groundwater,

The same applies to sewage sludge, ie the residues of sewage treatment plants, which are also in liquid form and often contain pollutants such as heavy metals, dioxin or the like and therefore must not be used directly for fertilization but must be taken to special landfills. «

Moreover, due to the depletion or obliteration of many soils composting is or ₀ humification of these liquid waste to the formation of nutrients for plants only to a limited extent * When humification aerobic microorganisms decompose solid organic substances gradually biodegrade or convert it into humus to "precondition for Humification under aerobic conditions is a water content required for microbial degradation and adequate aeration, ie oxygenation of the soil, as well as a carbon to nitrogen (C / N) ratio suitable for the action of the aerobic microorganisms.

Aim of the invention;

The aim of the invention is to compost waste present in liquid form, such as liquid manure, sewage, sewage sludge and the like, in an economical manner or to be able to humify it

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P _{1 of} the essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to propose a method for composting waste present in liquid form, such as liquid manure, sewage, sewage sludge or the like, by means of which it is possible to dispose of wastes present in liquid form quickly and effectively to compost or to humify in order to be able to feed them to the soil in microbially digested form as a fertilizer, and to develop a device for carrying out the process.

According to the invention, this object is procedurally achieved in that the liquid waste in a closed container with the addition of biodegradable carbonaceous substances such. B ₀ straw, wood or the like, in comminuted form by vortexing by means of one or more dispersing tools with the input of mechanical energy and under controlled supply of air into a suspensoido Qispersion with high viscosity and then composted in an aerobic rotting process

Suitably, the mechanical energy is introduced by means of a Kavitations- or Hohlsogeffektes generated by the dispersing tool and the supply of air is controlled directly in the region of fluidization of the fluid so that in the said region a localized vacuum is maintained. Suitably, the air is supplied by means of a vacuum caused by the suction and the suction to maintain the vacuum limited

The liquid waste may contain a small amount of an aerobic biomass contained Mikroorganeismen such _e B ₀ compost to-

The dispersed waste is expediently stored in a settling tank and then placed on a soil.

The rotting process is expediently carried out in several stages, wherein the mass to be composted is converted from a preliminary rotting via a main rotting into a rerun. In this case, the preliminary rotting is built up in layers, with a layer of biodegradable carbon-containing substances, such as Z ₀ B. straw, wood or the like, being arranged between two layers of dispersing waste.

A total of about 1 to 3 % of the mass of liquid waste is added to biodegradable carbonaceous substances

The basis of the invention is the recognition that nature

It has always had a decisive influence on the habitats on earth and constantly tries to preserve organogenic and biogenic substances in cycles, although the structures of these substances are often changed. "In nature, this is done with high energy input, mainly through wind, water and temperature differences, but also by certain movements and by transport of these substances; the time does not matter · Earnings were and are still partly in riparian zones of rivers good humus soil and black soil layers and loess ₀ With the invention, the aim is to remove certain waste for a period of time from the natural biological process of transformation to those in To influence the sense of acceleration.

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According to the invention, the liquid to be treated is first mixed very intensively by means of an Oispergierwerkzeuges; At the same time, mechanical energy is increasingly applied in a limited space, namely according to the known principle of cavitation in respect of the hollow suction ο during the rotation of the Oispergierwerkzeuges at a speed of about l '800 revolutions per minute and a peripheral speed of about 38 to 44 meters per second «is forced in the region of the bluff body tearing of the liquid flow and thus cavitation« cavitation arises »when a liquid at high speed along a fixed Body flows and, as a result of an inactivity, can no longer follow the surface of the body, but leaves it. »At this point, a negative pressure is created; As a result of this negative pressure, the liquid evaporates at this point according to the vapor pressure associated with each temperature. "However, this phenomenon is highly unstable. When the bubbles filled with liquid vapor in the negative pressure zone collapse, an implosion effect is produced, which causes large forces to act on them the surface of the solid body act, this can lead to local corrosion of the surface of the body ·

According to the invention, by the addition of biodegradable carbonaceous substances, so-called carbon carrier, on the one hand, a control of the C / N ratio is achieved. On the other hand, the hydrogen ions, which are released as a result of the breaking of hydrogen bonds by the entry of mechanical energy, offered carbon atoms,

with which new bonds can be made », thereby preventing the appearance of corrosion on the soiled bodies · In addition, there is a hydration effect ·, i. h ₀ the addition of water molecules or the formation of new compounds with water "on which the observed increase in dry matter by the Oispergierung invention can conclude»

It is also essential for the invention to stabilize the cavitation effect by introducing controlled air into the area where the suction is most violent. The amount of air drawn in may only be so great Vacuum is not broken "de ho" that the pressure is kept below the atmospheric air pressure · The incorporation of air sin ional component of the inventive process. »On the one hand, the resulting micropores aerobic microorganisms excellent points of attack, whereby the subsequent rotting process favors and accelerates On the other hand, in addition to oxygen, the air also contains nitrogen, which, after conversion, enhances the effect of the compost obtained.

In addition, the Verfanren invention has the advantage that by the dispersion of the liquid waste a thixotropic properties having mass of high viscosity is formed, not only immediately after the dispersion "but also after a 24-hour aging in downstream settling tanks" where small amounts of water excreted "is still pumpable and can be placed in layers as a result of the rotting ₀ Feinetverteilung of air in the disperse mass is then the rotting process immediately and runs under aerobic conditions accelerates from" so that

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after a comparatively short time of about 7 to 8 weeks compost is already available as a fertilizer ₀

The invention also relates to a device for dispersing the liquid waste with at least one arranged in a closed container on a drive shaft and rotating about a rotation axis Dlspergierwerkzeug, which is designed as a circular disc provided at its periphery with a number of closely juxtaposed Störkörpern at least parts of which protrude out of the plane of the disc and in the area of the slide-in tool devices are provided for the supply of air. "

The ratio of the diameter of the Dispsrgierwerkzeuges to the diameter of the container is about 1 to 2 «This results between the dispersing and the wall of the container, an annular space in which an about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the dispersing tool pivotable and lockable barrier is arranged for the rotating liquid flow ,

The bluff bodies are expediently designed as a zinnförmige, projecting beyond the circumference of the disc protrusions, which in addition to an approximately radially to the axis of rotation and at an angle alpha to the plane of the disc outwardly inclined from this heraueragendßn cutting edge in a preferably double-curved surface in a rear, lying substantially in the plane of the disk tip auelaufen ₀ the outer edge of the bluff body extends between the outer end of the blade and the rear tip of conveniently continuously curved.

At the circumference of the disc openings can be provided between the individual stirrup bodies. "These openings

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are expediently all elongated holes formed "approximately tangent to the circumference of the disc

Along the circumference of the disc expedient outlet openings are provided for air, which are connected via a formed in the ale hollow shaft drive shaft axially extending air duct with the outside air, the outlet openings are expediently distributed uniformly over the circumference of the disc arranged

Suitably, at a small distance from the disk concentric with this and in a plane parallel to the plane thereof, a cover disk of approximately the same diameter is arranged, wherein the intermediate space formed between these two disks of the air supply is used.

On the drive shaft, two or more dispersing tools may be arranged one above the other at a mutual distance; These dispersing tools can also have different diameters.

A dispersing tool designed in this way excellently serves to carry out the process according to the invention, namely the dispersion of the liquid wastes while introducing mechanical energy and incorporating air in finely divided form.

The formation of the bluff body with a pointing in the direction of rotation cutting a hydraulic Mahlstrom is generated, which favored the crushing of the solid components up to the colloidal dispersion The maelstrom can be increased by arranging several Dispe ^r gierwerkzeuge übereinender even more »

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At the same time added in crushed form carbon carrier _t such. B, straw, taken away and broken down into the finest components, but above all kept available in the actual reaction area. Ourch the tooth-shaped configuration of the bluff body and the doubly curved shape of its surface behind the straight cutting creates a trough opening into a rear tip, in which the Kavitationsoder Hohlsogeffekt comes into effect. In addition, as in a vortex, the centrifugal force becomes effective from the rotating mass of the liquid; This effect is further enhanced by the inventively provided barrier, which can be pivoted during the rotation of the Diepergierwerkzeuges in the Mahlstrom ₀ Oa the masses in the center of the rotation flow only delayed, the Hohlsogeffekt is still enhanced. By arranging the air outlet openings along the circumference of the disc, but in particular by forming a circumferential gap between the actual disc and a cover plate, it succeeds in incorporating the air sucked in as a result of the vacuum into the mass "where the suction is most violent, e.g. B. behind the barrier ₀

The process according to the invention or the associated apparatus not only enables liquid waste, such as manure, waste water and the like, to be processed for accelerated composting, but also sewage sludge and waste from the fruit and vegetable industry, as well as residues from the juice preparation suspended in water in the form of pomace,

embodiment

The solution according to the invention will be described in more detail below in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

to be purified «» Show It *

1 shows a schematic representation of the course of the process according to the invention;

Fig. 2 s is a longitudinal section through a container suitable for dispersing the liquid;

3 shows a cross section through the container along the line III-III in Fig. 1.

Figure ₀ 4s a section of a Craufsicht a Dlspergierwerkzeug;

Fig. 5s in a mirror image form a view in the direction V-V in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6s is a section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 4 and

7 shows a detail of a longitudinal section along the line VII-VII in FIG. 4.

Figure 1 ₀ shows schematically an overview ahout the inventive method and the necessary means for its implementation "

A container 1 is initially the collection of the liquids to be treated "Just to show the variability of the process" is the illustrated container 1 equipped with two chambers 2 and 3 and is indicated that in such a container either manure 4 (chamber 2) or Sewage sludge 5 (chamber 3)

can be stored »By a dotted line 4 * or one

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dashed line 5 * i9t indicated how manure 4 or Klärechlamm 5 can be brought into a dispersing b ·

Adjacent to the container 1 is a storage space 7 for * biodegradable carbonaceous substances such as Z ₀ B ₀ straw 8 and a biomass 9, such as z, B, compost. Through a line 8. ' is indicated how these masses can be brought into the dispersing device 6 _e

In the dispersing device 6, which will be explained in more detail below, the respective liquid with the addition of a small amount of straw 8 or another carbon support and optionally biomass 9 and under registration of mechanical energy and incorporation of air is finely dispersed and changing their physical and

This liquid is then withdrawn from the dispersing device 6 (line 10) and pumped into one or more sedimentation tanks 11. In the settling basin 11, the mass is aged within a relatively short time of about 24 hours · This has the consequence that at the bottom of the settling tank 11, a small amount of water 12 is excreted, while about the mass 13 solidified Nevertheless, it can still be placed on a rump even after this aging by means of suitable pumps «

In the right part of the illustration of Fig. 1 is then indicated how the mass 13 - the system line 13th! following - is first placed on a preliminary rotting A, in which they stacked on a solid, dense base 14 with a lateral water collecting channel 15 in individual layers one above the other to rows 16

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becomes. Layers of straw or another carbon carrier are again placed between the individual layers of the mass 13, in such a way that the total addition of carbon carrier, ie in the diaper and on the rotting is about 1 to 3 % of the liquid mass.

After a residence time of about 7 to 10 days, the mass 13 is rearranged onto a main soil B where the actual microbial reaction takes place. At a temperature of 60 to 70 degrees C., most of the bound water evaporates here. so that the mass must be sprayed with water for moistening and to support hydration processes. "For this purpose, the water 12 obtained at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 11 can be used; the line 12. ' symbolizes this process step "Finally, the material is transferred from the main stock B to a post-rotting C where it is left until final maturation

In order to protect the mass 13 on the rotting, in particular on the pre-rotting A and the main rotting B, from the weather, both against rainfall, as well as strong sunlight, a cover 17 is provided on the rotting tracks

In this rotting process, the liquid starting material is reduced by up to 97 % , especially by releasing the bound water. In total, the mining time on the field is about ₀ 7 to 8 weeks. "After the rotting process, a high-quality humus product, which can be used directly as fertilizer, is obtained from the previous substances."

In Figs ₀ 2 and 3, the dispersing device 6 in greater

Hauntstab shown in length and cross section; FIGS. 4 to 7 then show details of the dispersing tool.

The dispersing device 6 initially comprises a dispersing container 21, which rested on a stand 22. The dispersing container 21 has a filling opening 23 in the upper region, which can be closed by a lid 24. In its lower region, the dispersing container 21 is tapered; he has an inclined bottom 25 which leads to an outlet opening 26 which is also closed by a cover 27. Instead of the conical shape, the lower part of the dispersing container 21 could also be curved, for example egg-shaped and have a centric outlet opening.

In the vertical longitudinal central axis of the dispersing container is a drive shaft 28, which protrudes upwards out of the dispersing container 21; the drive shaft 28 is mounted there in a housing 29 It is about a housed in a gearbox 30 transmission with a drive motor 31 «z. B ₀ an electric motor, in positive connection «

On the drive shaft 28 are in the illustrated embodiment on each other two identically formed dispersing tools 40, which will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7 · The drive shaft 28 is formed as a hollow shaft; it has an axially extending air channel 32 which opens at the upper end of the drive shaft 28 in an air inlet opening 33 and in the region of the dispersing tools in each case a horizontal branch channel 34 which leads to the respective dispersing 40. The air intake

33 is equipped with an adjustable nozzle in order to dose the amount of air sucked in during the rotation of the dispersing tools 40 sucked air.

The Durchtneeser of the cylindrical part of the dispersing

container 21 arranged dispersing tools 40 is about half as large as the largest diameter of the dispersing container

ters 21 "so that an annular space is left between the outer circumference of the dispersing tools 40 and the container wall ₀ A foldable barrier 35 is arranged in this annular space." It consists of a wing 36 which is fastened to a shaft 37; the shaft 37 is in turn stored in an upper bearing 36 and a lower bearing 39 on the container 21.

Oedos Diepergierwerkzeug 40 consists of a - lower üissolverscheibe 41 and a concentric and arranged parallel to this - upper - cover plate 42 "These two discs are, as especially Fig. 7 reveals, held in its central region by a flange 43 ge , which in turn is attached to the drive shaft 28 ₀ The two discs are attached to the Fianschring 43 while leaving an intermediate space 44 in the region of a Auskiinkung a flange 55 by suitable Vorbindungsmittel, Z ₀ B ₀ screws 45, attached. The puncture channel 34 leads from the air channel 32, starting in the gap 44 between the two discs.

At the periphery of the dissolver disk 41 is close together

a number of interfering bodies 46 arranged »These obstruction bodies consist in the simplest case of projections 47, which were erzugt from dejp material blank for the dissolver disk 41 by punching out» The projections 47 have en the front in the direction of rotation (arrow 48) side a straight edge 49;

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their outer edge 51 extending from the outer corner 50 runs in a kino-arc curve to a rearward tip 52o. Between each two interference bodies 46 there is an elongated approximately tangential opening 53 ₀ approximately in the course of the circumference of the Oiesolver disk 41

The bluff bodies 46 arise from the initially flat projections 47 in that ice is bent upwards at an angle beta from the plane of the dissolver disk 41 (FIG. 6) and then pivoted about an angle alpha about a radially extending axis (FIG. 5). ; Both angles are about 20 degrees ο This creates between the cutting edge 49 and the rear tip 52 a trough-like depression 54, which favored the emergence of a hollow suction in the region of the rear tip 52 and the elongated opening 53

For carrying out the method according to the invention, the dispersing container 21 is filled with liquid through the filling opening 23; the filling level in Fig xst ₀ 2 indicated · After closing the lid 24, the mounted on the drive shaft 28 in the dispersing elements 40 are in Figure "3 by

an arrow 48 indicated direction set in rotation The wing 36 is the barrier 35 is still in the

Approximately tangential position a (Fig ₀ 3) _e As soon as the required three '. Number is reached' is added either again via the filling opening 23 or in another suitable manner a Koncon 8toffträger, z. B ₀ in the form of crushed straw «

Due to the high peripheral speed of about 40 meters per second and the special shape of the bluff body 46 is formed in the region of the terminating in a tip 52 trough-like depression 54, a Hohlsogeffekt that the emergence of a

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pressure in this area of the dissolver disk 41 result. About the gap 44 between the dissolver disk 41 and the cover plate 42 is then along the Außenrendes 56 of the cover plate 42, which communicates via the branch passage 34 with dam air duct 32 in the drive shaft 28, air sucked through the Lufteinlaßöftnung 33 «The amount of LuIt can be accurately metered by means of a nozzle inserted into the Lutteinialiöffnung '33. In this way, it is possible not only to allow air in a controlled amount to be bubbled directly into the intensively processed liquid area, but also to meter the air in such an amount that the vacuum created by the hollow suction effect in this area is not broken.

As soon as this process takes place, this is rotated by means of a lever at the upper end of the shaft 3 ⁷ and so the wing 36 in the position b (Fig ₀ 3) pivoted; the wing 36 abuts against the vessel wall and is pressed against it by the rotating liquid. "The liquid rotating at high speed is thus refracted as on a weir so as to create a vortex effect superimposed on the rotational movement of the entire liquid and in the flow direction seen through the barrier 35 reinforces the negative pressure ₀ Due to the double-walled training dispersing tools 40, it is possible to leak the sucked air exactly at the point where the vacuum is strongest, namely seen in the flow direction behind the barrier 35 ₀

After a processing time of a few minutes dnr drive is switched off and can by this Bearbeitungsvor.iang in

an almost colloidal dispersion with thixotropic properties converted manure at the Auelauföffnung 26 taken and further processed as explained in connection with Fig ₀ 1

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In the same way also know biomass, z. B. Kompost ι be added to accelerate the onset of the Rottoprozesees ₀

Claims (6)

2 8 39 8 B Paten t to sayings 1. A method for composting existing in liquid form «particular animal and / or human excrement containing wastes, such as manure, sewage, sewage sludge or the like, characterized in that the liquid waste in a closed container with the addition of biodegradable carbonaceous substances, such as Bo straw, wood or the like, in comminuted form by means of fluidizing by means of one or more dispersing tools with the introduction of mechanical energy and under controlled supply of air into a suspensoide dispersion with high viscosity and then composted in an aerobic rotting process 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical energy is registered by means of a cavitation or Hohlsogeffektes generated by the dispersing and the supply of air is controlled directly in the field of fluidization of the fluid so that in the said area a localized Vacuum is maintained A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the air is supplied by means of a vacuum caused by the suction and the suction is limited to maintain the vacuum Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the liquid wastes small amounts of a aerobic microorganism-containing biomass, such as Z ₀ B. compost "added" Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dispersed waste in a settling tank (11) are stored and then placed on a rotting ₀ 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, dadurrh characterized in that the rotting process is carried out in several stages, wherein the mass to be composted (13) from a Vortex (A) via a Hauptrotte (B) in a Nachrotte (C) implemented becomes ₀ 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the Vorrotte (A) is built up in layers, wherein between two layers of dispersing waste Each one layer of biodegradable carbonaceous substances such. B, straw, wood or the like, is arranged. 8. The method according to one dsr claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a total of about 1 to 3 % of the mass of liquid waste is added to biodegradable carbonaceous substances. 9 «apparatus for dispersing liquid waste with at least one disposed in a closed container on a drive shaft and rotating about a rotation axis dispersing tool, characterized in that the dispersing tool (40) is formed as a circular disc, which at its periphery with a number of close together arranged Störkörpern (46) is provided, of which at least portions of the plane of the disc protrude and that in the area of the dispersing tool (40) devices for the supply of air vorgeseher are, « Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the dispersing tool (40) to the diameter of the container is about 1 to 2, 11 »Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that in the annular space between the dispersing tool (40) and the wall of the container about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the Dispsrgierwerkzeuges (40) pivotable axis and lockable barrier (35) for the rotating liquid flow is arranged. 12 «device according to claim 9«, characterized in that the bluff bodies (46) are formed as a tooth-shaped, over the circumference of the disc protruding projections (47) extending in addition to an approximately radially to the axis of rotation and at an angle alpha to the plane of the disc outwardly inclined out of this ero-forming Scheneide (49) in a preferably doubly curved surface in a rear, lying approximately in the plane of the disc tip (52) leak. A device according to claim 12, characterized in that the outer edge of the baffles (46) runs continuously curved between the outer end of the cutting edge (49) and the rearward tip (52), 14o Device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that openings (53) are provided on the circumference of the disc between the individual obstruction bodies (46). 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized gekonnzeichnet that the openings (53) ale slots are auegebildet that extend approximately tangentially to the circumference of the disc · 16 «Device according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that along the circumference of the disc outlet openings for air ^{1 are} provided, which via a in the ale hollow shaft auegebildet drive shaft (28) axially extending air channel (32) with the outside air in connection stand· 17o Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the outlet openings are arranged distributed uniformly over the circumference of the disc, 18c Device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that a cover disc (42) of approximately equal diameter is arranged at a small distance from the disc concentric therewith and in a plane parallel to the plane thereof, and that the space formed between these two discs (44) the air supply serves ₀ 19ο Device according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that on the drive shaft (28) two or more Diepergierwerkzeuge (40) are arranged one above the other at a mutual distance from one another Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the dioptric tools (40) have different diameters « For this 3 pages drawings