CS272218B2 - Method of biomass winning from rugae - Google Patents

Abstract

Algae having improved biological properties are cultured in medicinal, mineral or thermal water of natural origin, or their mixts., opt. enriched with metal ions at a concn. of up to 10-2 moles/litre for each metal, and which has been under a pressure of, at most. 10 bars and a temp. of 100-140 deg.C. The culture is aerated with sterile air contg. 0.5-20% carbon dioxide, at ambient temp. After 7-30 days at 0-80 deg.C the algae may be treated by known physical or chemical methods, and may also be treated with metal cpds. to give the same max. concn. as given above.

Description

The invention relates to a method for growing algae with improved biological properties which can be used, for example, for the production of cosmetics for the food and feed industry, and to a method for obtaining biomass from these algae.

Algae has long been used by humans for a variety of purposes. The use for cosmetic purposes, for the food industry and as feed additives is widespread.

Seaweeds are generally used for this purpose, although their usability is limited to their fiber content, since a suitable and economical way of growing algae is not developed. This lack is further compounded by the fact that radioactive substances, carcinogenic substances, toxic heavy metals and industrial waste have been increasing in the seas in recent years; it is these harmful impurities that accumulate in the body. Therefore, the algae thus obtained cannot be used as a whole for cosmetic and food purposes and as feed additives; only the fraction of algae from which the toxic or ballast mixture is removed is applicable. Such a method of cleaning algae is known from publication 11. Carames de Gouvea: Cosmetics and Toiletries, Volume 95, December, pp. 47-50 (1980).

The algae cleaning process means, but the intervention by which part of the biologically active algae components is destroyed and the algae fraction thus obtained is less valuable for cosmetic and food purposes (M. Jochum: Die Thalassotherapie-Alglogie, Kosmetic International, 1982 (October), p. 76) Hare: Properties and Products of Algae, NY Plenum, 1970).

In general, the processing is carried out in such a way that agar, carragenine and alginic acid are obtained from the algae and are individually used.

As a result of the purification process, valuable provitamins such as beta-carotene, unsaturated fats, oils such as arachic acid and linoleic acid are degraded, thereby reducing the value of cosmetic and food products and feed additives containing such algae. Algae grown and growing in surface waters can accumulate bacteria and viruses in their organism and therefore cannot be used generally for cosmetic and food purposes.

The present invention relates to a method for growing algae and to obtain biomass from such algae, in which both the above-mentioned deficiencies are eliminated and the algae thus grown are more effective than algae obtained according to prior art, since algae grown according to the invention they do not have to undergo any additional cleaning or heat treatment and, as a result, the algal active substances are not damaged, so that the entire biological value of the algae is maintained. Such algae may be added to various cosmetic and food products. Cultivated algae according to the invention have the further unexpected advantage of introducing indispensable microelements into the organism in the form bound to the mucoproteid protein. The various elements introduced in this way can be absorbed to a greater extent and can have beneficial effects in the human or animal organism.

It is known that when algae strains are grown in sterilized mineral water, for example medicinal water or in thermal water of natural origin or in a nutrient solution containing their mixtures, algae can be obtained which are excluded accumulated toxic substances (mercury, lead, cadmium, radioactive contaminants, bacteria, viruses, carcinogenic and similar substances).

The term mineral or mineral medicinal or thermal waters of natural origin refers to waters containing primarily ions and trace elements, depending on the localities of their occurrence, which are important and necessary for living organisms. It should be noted that the term mineral waters also includes waters which have no or only limited healing effect, such as table mineral waters. The trace elements or their ions include, in particular, gold, aluminum, zinc, silver, calcium, chromium, manganese, magnesium, sodium, nickel, strontium, copper, selenium, silicon, iron and tungsten.

The composition and occurrence of mineral water does not play a significant role in the produced biomass from algae, but it is always better if the biomass is produced using mineral water than tap water or distilled water, since inorganic salts present in mineral waters have a positive effect on algae cultivation and inorganic salts incorporated it has a beneficial effect on biomass (for example, in a cosmetic composition, inorganic salts have a favorable effect on human skin).

An example is the composition of some mineral and medicinal waters:

Budapest Margaret Spring:

Cations mg mg equivalent K ⁺ 20.58 0.53 Na ⁺ 1759,00 76.47 wh? 0.61 0.03 Γ » Ca 6.18 0.31 .. ++ Mg 3.57 0.29 Fe ⁺⁺ 0.09 0.03 Al ⁺⁺⁺ 1.77 0.20 Sum 1791.81 77.86 Anions no ₃ ~ undetectable - ho ₂ II - Cl 1815.5 51.20 Br 12.51 0.16 J 7.49 0.16 r 1.40 0.07 so ₄ ” 4.76 0.10 HCO3- 1575.0 25.81 1 1 8 1 16.40 0.47 sum 3433,06 77.97 hbo ₂ 97.37 - HgSiO4 47.81 - free COg undetectable - absorbed by Og lf - sum 5370,05 155.83

Mineral water from Heviz:

Cation mg mg equivalent K + Na expressed as Na ⁺ 42.63 1.81 nh ₄ ⁺ 0.2 0.01 "++ Ca 77.18 3.85 Mg ⁺⁺ 34.10 2.81 Pe ⁺⁺ 0.01 - Mn ⁺⁺ tracks - Al ^ undetectable - . +++ As sum 154.12 8.48 Aniont no ₃ ~ undetectable - no ₂ (( - Cl ' 28.0 9.73 Br " 0.15. 0.001 d 0.02 - JF " 1.32 0.56 Sat ₄ 61.91 1,28 HCO ₃ “ 380.1 6.23 with 3.0 0.18 sum 474.50 8,982 hbo ₂ 5.10 - H ₂ SiO ₂ 22.84 - what _? 119.24 undetectable - sum 775.80 17,462

Trace elements also belong to inorganic ions (for example Au, Ag, Cr, Se). The term trace elements is a narrower term than salts or ions. It refers to those inorganic ions that are present in minor amounts and has a beneficial effect.

Likewise, the medicinal mineral water ^from Parad contains potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, divalent iron, and aluminum cations, and the anions of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, and bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide at a family temperature of 12 ° C.

The mineral water of the Gyula springs contains sodium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, ferrous, aluminum and arsenic cations and the anionic chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate and bicarbonate and carbon dioxide.

Mineral waters, mineral healing and thermal waters may contain, in addition to the trace elements mentioned above, other trace elements such as arsenic, bismuth, boron, tin, zirconium, gallium, germanium, indium, iridium, molybdenum, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, radon, thuthenium, samarium, scandium, thalium, tantalum, tepur, titanium and vanadium.

The nutrient solution with the above metal ions can also be enriched with fluorides.

It is known that the active substances contained in mineral medicinal waters, for example small amounts of inorganic ions, accumulate in the organism of algae prepared by the method according to the invention. Balneological use of these substances has been of great importance for centuries.

The biomass obtained from the cultivated algae obtained by the process according to the invention has the further advantage that it introduces into the body the necessary small amounts of inorganic ions in the form bound to the mucoproteid protein. The various elements introduced in this way can be absorbed to a greater extent and can act better in the human or animal organism. In this way, the lack of trace elements in the body can be greatly reduced.

A particularly beneficial effect can be obtained when the algae are grown in a nutrient solution whose metal ion content is increased by the addition of other metals. It is expedient to adjust the metal content of the nutrient solution to a concentration of 10 ⁷ to 10 "mol / liter of nutrient solution, calculated per metal ion. Several algae species can be grown simultaneously in one nutrient solution.

A sterile air stream containing carbon dioxide in an amount of 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1.5 to 5% by volume is provided by the nutrient solution. It is expedient to inoculate the solution and illuminate it with a fluorescent lamp during the operation of the sterile air.

The cultivation cycle lasts 7 to 30 days, preferably 12 to 14 days. The algae thus obtained are separated from the nutrient solution and processed. The treatment may be carried out by conventional physical and chemical methods. The aim of the processing is to cleave the cell membrane by mechanical means or by changing the osmotic pressure and in this way to obtain the cell content. The following can be used for processing:

- heat treatment at a temperature of 40 to 200 ° C at a pressure of up to 5 MPa,

- ultrasonic treatment

- detergent treatment such as sodium lauryl ether sulphate,

processing by mechanical means, for example by comminution in the presence of a carrier material.

The processed algae may optionally be further processed, for example by allowing their cellular content to react with a sterile solution of the metal compound to achieve a metal concentration of 10 ⁷ to 10 mol / kg of algae. The algae thus obtained can be further used in dry form or without drying. In the case of cosmetic, food or feed products, they are used, based on dry matter, 0.05 to 95% by weight, in addition to known liquid and solid additives.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for obtaining algae biomass for use in cosmetics, food and feed, which comprises inoculating a culture of algae in a nutrient solution containing a mineral water of natural origin or a mixture of such waters at pH 5-7 containing inorganic ions and trace elements and, as additives, fluoride and / or noble metal salts, sterilized at a pressure not exceeding 1 MPa at a temperature of 100 to 140 ° C and a sterile air stream containing 0,5 to 20% vol. After 7 to 30 days of growth, the algae were separated at 0 to 80 ° C and the cell contents were released by disrupting the cell walls.

Inorganic ions include, for example, gold, aluminum, zinc, silver, calcium, chromium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, strontium, copper, selenium, silicon, iron, tungsten, arsenic, bismuth, boron, tin, zirconium, gallium, germenium, indium, iridium, molybdenum, osmium _; palladium, platinum, rhenium, radon, ruthenium, samarium, scandium, thalium, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, vanadium.

Trace elements include those mentioned above, except those representing the same inorganic ions such as gold, silver, chromium and others.

The additives are, for example, fluorides of the above inorganic ions or salts of the above inorganic ions up to a concentration of 10 to 10 mol / l calculated for each metal ion.

The sterile air stream contains 1.5 to 5% by volume of carbon dioxide.

The algae are separated from the nutrient solution by filtration or centrifugation.

Cell wall disruption is performed by heat, at a temperature of 40 to 200 ° C and a pressure of 5,

MPa or by ultrasound, or detergent, or mechanically.

The cellular content of the relaxed algae adding compounds of metals from the group uvede_Q -9 out in point 4, until the metal ion concentration of 10 ⁷ to 10 mol / 1, calculated for each metal ion.

The following examples illustrate the invention but do not limit it:

Example 1

Mineral water from Budapest's Lukács baths 1 liter is filled into an algae glass container and sterilized for 3 minutes at 121 ° C under a pressure of 1 bar. The sterile solution is inoculated with a pure culture of Scenedesmus obtisiusculus algae. A sterile stream of air containing 1.5% by volume of carbon dioxide is passed through the nutrient solution at 25 ° C under fluorescent lighting and after 14 days the algae are separated from the nutrient solution by filtration or centrifugation. The obtained algae contains a small amount of inorganic ions from the healing mineral water; it is sonicated and the resulting water-containing material is used for cosmetic purposes.

Example 2

Growing eyelashes

The procedure of Example 1 was followed, but using the Hévíz mineral water.

Example 3

Growing eyelashes

The procedure is as described in Example 1, but the mineral medicinal water from Hajduszoboszlo is used.

Example 4. Growing eyelashes

The procedure is as described in Example 1, but using mineral healing water from Pesnany (CSR) and after inoculation with culture, a sterile air stream containing 5% by volume of carbon dioxide is introduced at 25 ° C under fluorescent lighting.

Example 5

Growing eyelashes

The procedure of Example 1 is followed, but under sterile conditions, 10 µg / ml of gold chloride is added to the mineral water.

Example 6

Growing eyelashes

The procedure is as described in Example 1, but 10 µg / ml of ferric chloride is added under sterile conditions to the mineral water.

Example 7

The procedure of Example 2 was followed, but 10 mg / L of lithium fluoride was added to the healing mineral water.

Example 8

The procedure is as described in Example 1, but using the Parád mineral water in place of the mineral medicinal water of Example 1, and this is supplemented with 1 g / l of potassium nitrate and 0.2 g / l of potassium hydrogen phosphate. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 6.5 by addition of 2N hydrochloric acid. Chemical processing of the algae produced is carried out: 4 g of algae are mixed with 825 g of water and 392 g of sodium lauryl ether sulfate and the solution is heated to 60 ° C.

Example 9

The procedure of Example 1 is followed, but instead of the strain of Scenedesmus obtisiusculus, the strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa is used.

Example 10

The procedure of Example 1 was followed, but 20 mg / l sodium hexachloroplatinate was added to the nutrient solution.

Example 11

The procedure of Example 1 is followed, but 5 mg / l selenium in sodium is added to the nutrient solution.

Example 12

The procedure of Example 1 was followed, but sodium tungstate 30 mg / l was added to the nutrient solution.

Claims (7)

A method for obtaining algae biomass for use in cosmetics, food and animal feed, characterized in that the algae culture is inoculated into a nutrient solution containing a mineral water of natural origin or a mixture of these waters having a pH of 5-7 containing inorganic ions and trace elements and, as additives, a fluoride and / or a noble metal salt sterilized at a pressure of not more than 1 MPa at a temperature of 100 to 140 ° C and a sterile air stream containing 6.5 to 20% by volume of carbon dioxide is passed through the solution at 0 to 80 ° C and disruption of cell walls releases cellular content. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the inorganic ions include, for example, gold, aluminum, zinc, silver, calcium, chromium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, strontium, copper, selenium, silicon, iron, tungsten, arsenic, bismuth, boron, tin, zirconium, gallium, germanium, indium, iridium, molybdenum, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, radon, ruthenium, samarium, scandium, thalium, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, vanadium. 3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additives are, for example, fluoride-2 or metal salts from the group mentioned in point 2 up to a concentration of 10 to 10 mol / l calculated for each metal ion. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sterile air stream comprises from about 1.5% to about 5% by volume of carbon dioxide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the algae are separated from the nutrient solution by filtration or centrifugation. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the disruption of the cell walls is carried out by heat, at a temperature of 40 to 200 [deg.] C. and a pressure of up to 5 MPa or by ultrasound or detergents or mechanically. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein metal compounds of the group set forth in item 2 are added to the released cellular algae content to a metal ion concentration of 10 ⁹ to 10 ^-2 mol / l, calculated for each metal account.