CS239476B1 - Preparation method of life substrates for the pleurotus ostreatus growing - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution concerns the method of preparation of nutrients substrates for growing oyster hives. Preparation The substrate is that these the materials are fermented under anaerobic conditions preferably in a hermetically sealed space at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C for 1 to 1 hour 4 days in the presence of thermophilic bacteria to achieve substrate selectivity. wetting the substrate and the actual fermentation it is carried out without movement or agitation material in the same space. As a lignocell, the binder is used rapeseed straw, corn harvest residues, wood waste such as shavings, sawdust and wood waste from woodworking operations.

Description

(54) A method for preparing nutrient substrates for growing oyster mushrooms

The invention relates to a process for preparing nutrient substrates for growing oyster mushrooms. The preparation of the substrate consists in that these materials are fermented under anaerobic conditions, preferably in a hermetically sealed space at 40 to 60 ° C for 1 to days in the presence of thermophilic bacteria to achieve substrate selectivity.

the wetting of the substrate and the fermentation itself are carried out without moving or mixing the material in the same space.

Rapeseed straw, maize harvest residues, wood waste such as wood shavings, sawdust and wood waste from woodworking operations are used as lignocell.

239476 2

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nutrient substrates for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), i.e. both mycelium and the fungus spores, from lignocellulosic materials such as rape straw.

Oyster Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus / Jacq.ex Fr./ Kummer) is a fungus that inhabits the wood of various tree species in nature and produces edible, delicious fruiting bodies. On an industrial scale, the mycelium and fruiting bodies of this fungus are mainly grown on foamed, rye and barley straw. In order to reduce the risk of the presence of competing microorganisms in cultures (molds of the genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus etc.), the substrates are fermented briefly in the presence of air at 50 to 60 [deg.] C. for a period of 2 to 3 weeks before inoculation. In this way, the selectivity of the mushroom growing substrate is created. The selectivity is mainly caused by sporulating bacteria growing at higher temperatures in aerobic conditions. It is known that the quality of the oyster substrate can be adjusted by controlling the microbiological processes occurring in the fermentation. Short-term fermentation under aerobic conditions is usually carried out in so-called tunnels, ie in rooms where the substrate layer is deposited on a grate under which steam with air is blown. The disadvantage of the method is the difficulty in obtaining selective substrates from stiffer raw materials, such as rapeseed straw, post-harvest corn residues, etc. Longer fermentation times of these materials deteriorate the substrate quality, shorter fermentation times are insufficient to soften solids and produce substrate selectivities.

These drawbacks are partially eliminated by the method of preparation of nutrient substrates for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom, which is based on the fact that wet lignocellulosic materials, such as rapeseed straw, maize harvest residues, wood waste are fermented under anaerobic conditions, preferably in hermetically sealed space at 40 to 60 ° C for 1 to 4 days in the presence of thermophilic bacteria to achieve substrate selectivity.

According to the invention, the principle of solving these drawbacks lies in exploiting the activity of bacteria causing anaerobic fermentation of the substrate. Thermophilic or thermotolerant bacteria belonging mainly to the genus Bacillus form, under anaerobic conditions, metabolites which inhibit the growth of undesirable fungi. They disrupt the structure of Lignocellulosic materials more easily and thus facilitate the cultivation of nutrients to the cultivated fungus. As a result, mycelium of the mucus grows better and faster and more densely colonizes substrates. Under appropriate conditions, yields of fruiting bodies are higher after use of anaerobic substrate fermentation.

The improved effect of anaerobic fermentation of the oyster mushroom substrate is characterized by a greater rate of growth of the fungal mycelium and its greater density in the substrate, a reduction in the time it takes to inoculate the mycelium into the substrate to form the first fruiting bodies and to increase the yield. Particularly favorable results are obtained using raw materials containing stiffer components, such as post-harvest residues of the lower parts of maize plants, rapeseed straw, some wood waste such as wood shavings, sawdust and wood waste from woodworking plants and the like. The method makes it possible to use raw materials for the cultivation of oyster, which have not yet proved their worth in intensive production of fruiting bodies. Another advantage of the method is the possibility of moistening raw materials and fermentation in one space without any manipulation.

In the practice of the invention, it is advantageous to mechanically disrupt the feedstock beforehand. The prepared materials are either stored in containers in hermetically sealed tubs where they are moistened with hot water and then fermented for 1 to 4 days at 40 to 60 ° C (optimum 47 to 50 ° C) in the absence of air, or first moistened and fermented said conditions in hermetically sealed chambers or bags. Furthermore, it is advantageous to heat the substrate to 70 [deg.] C. for a short period of 3 to 12 hours prior to the actual fermentation, which does not damage the active microorganisms but destroys the germs and pests. After fermentation, the substrate usually smells unpleasant and needs to be ventilated. It is then inoculated with oyster mycelium according to known methods (for example in an amount of 3 to 5% by weight of substrate), placed in sacks, pallets or containers according to the previously described methods. The wetting of the substrate and the fermentation itself can be advantageously carried out without moving or mixing the material in the same space. This method is less laborious because both the preparation of the substrate and the fermentation itself take place in one space (the substrate does not need to be moved to another space for its fermentation).

The following are some examples of the preparation process of the present invention.

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Example 1

Crushed rapeseed straw ee is filled into a container whose walls are densely perforated or made of solid mesh. The container is immersed in a bathtub provided with a hermetically sealed lid (for example with a water seal; the water is heated to the fermentation temperature by steam or hot water convectors (50 ° C). Forced water circulation through the pump enables rapid water saturation, air displacement and even heating Depending on the material properties, the moistening ends in 6 to 48 hours, when the water is drained off with an open air supply in the lid (preferably the gas supply resulting from fermentation in an adjacent bath can be used; the pumped liquid is used to wet the materials in other baths) The substrate is fermented at a temperature of 50 ° C maintained by the internal heating of the tub, and the withdrawn container is tilted into an aeration device such as a rotating perforated drum with internal blades (possibly with a fan), i.e. the outlet of the device where the hopper The inoculated sulphate is filled into pallets or bags in which the fungus is grown by known methods.

Example 2

Mechanically treated corn harvest residues are soaked in a shallow pool filled with water. Mowing is speeded up by passing the pool tractor several times.

The moistened material is placed on the grate of the hermetically sealed chamber so that the space is filled almost to the ceiling. It is heated by steam injected under the grate without adding air. The steam with the internal atmosphere of the chamber is recirculated by means of a fan from the ceiling back under the grate. The fermentation proceeds as described in Example 1. After its completion, the substrate is aerated and used in the same manner as in Example 1. The method can be used advantageously in growing rooms equipped with so-called tunnels for steaming the substrate.

Examples

When growing hilvy to a smaller extent, the substrate, ie a mixture of wood waste from woodworking plants with rapeseed straw in the mass. 1: 1 ratio, ferment under anaerobic conditions after wetting in perfectly sealed polyethylene bags (the possible exchange of foil gases does not substantially affect the anaerobic conditions inside the bag). The bags were placed in a room heated to 40-60 ° C for 1 to 4 days and after fermentation was completed as described in Example 1.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Process for the preparation of nutrient substrates for infusing oyster mushrooms from damp lignocellulosic materials, characterized in that damp lignocellulosic materials, for example rapeseed straw, maize harvest residues, wood waste are fermented under anaerobic conditions, preferably in a hermetically sealed space at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C for 1 to 4 days in the presence of thermophilic bacteria to achieve substrate selectivity. 2. A process for preparing nutrient substrates for growing oyster mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that the wetting of the substrate and the fermentation itself is carried out without moving or mixing the material in the same space.