RU2097979C1 - Method for producing biologically active feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: feed has biologically active substances and biomass of somatic fungus structures produced by performing solid-phase fermentation of fodder grain. Biologically active substance producer used in the process may be quick-growing basidial fungus (Agricus Bisporus) strain. Method involves growing strain in solid substrate-fodder grain for 5-7 days with following drying and grinding biomass together with substrate. Obtained product is introduced as feed additive into poultry ration to increase weight gain and reduce feed consumption per unit of weight gain. Additive may be also introduced into ration of fur-animal kept in farms to preserve young animals. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and increased weight gain. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to biotechnology and for the production of feeds enriched with biologically active substances and biomass of somatic structures of the fungus in the conditions of solid-phase fermentation of feed grain.

 Biologically active feed preparations (BVC), amino acids, feed antibiotics, some vitamins, enzymes are obtained by microbiological synthesis, mainly by the deep method of cultivating fodder yeast, bacteria, and lower fungi on liquid media.

 To do this, prepare a liquid nutrient medium containing the necessary components for the cultivation of the corresponding producer, sterilize, cool, add the producer inoculum, grow at a temperature optimal for the producer, under conditions of continuous mixing and aeration. After the cultivation process, the target product is isolated from the culture fluid: either biomass, or one of the active biologically active substances.

 At the same time, liquid or solid production wastes go to treatment plants to neutralize their negative impact on the environment.

 The disadvantage of this method is the high energy intensity of the process associated with the cost of electricity at the stage of cultivation, allocation of the target product, waste treatment.

 Closest to the claimed object in technical essence is a method for producing a protein feed product [1] based on a strain of somatic structures of the basidiomycete fungus Bjerkandera adusta, which is cultivated on vine pruning and wheat straw.

Air-dry cuttings of vines or straw are ground to 0.5 - 2 • 3.0 10.0 mm, treated with water until humidity is 65-70%, sterilized for 30 minutes at 0.5 atm, cooled, introduced 1 2 ml of 5-day inoculum of the fungus. B. adusta VKM F-2934D in flasks with a capacity of 100 ml. With 3 5 g of moistened substrate, they are incubated for 20 days at 28-30 ^o C. Get protein feed product containing protein 15% linides to 7% enzymes of the cellulose complex 124 389 units, pectinase 30 units.

 However, the above method is not without drawbacks. Cellulose and lignin-containing raw materials (straw, vine) are not completely processed by the producer and about 28 36 36% of these substances remain in the finished product. Not all types of animals can consume such food. In addition, the pruning of the vine and straw during the preparation of the substrate for the cultivation of the producer B.adusta has to be crushed into small crumbs, spending energy on this operation (the work of a straw chopper, chopper). The cultivation process of B.adusta is long, occurs within 20 days. The chemical composition of the obtained feed product depends on the feedstock and producer, which is applicable in each of the methods, because metabolic products are specific for each of the producers and the conditions of their cultivation. In this sense, the search for new producers is advisable.

 The objective of the invention is to expand the range of protein feed products, improve their quality, simplify the process, reduce energy costs for their production.

 The problem is solved by applying the somatic structures of a new strain of the basidial edible fungus Agaricus bisporus D 49, cultivated on moistened to 50 48% feed grain for 5 7 days, followed by drying and grinding of the resulting product.

 The strain of somatic structures of the fungus Agaricus bisporus D-49 (4) was isolated from the fruiting body of the fungus growing in the Balkhash district of the Almaty region. It was deposited in the collection of non-pathogenic microorganisms of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology of the All-Union Agricultural Institute of St. Petersburg

 On Wort agar, culture forms velvety colonies from a dense layer of straight short hyphae of aerial mycelium. The edge of the colony is undulating, submerged, with a fluffy outer line. The outside of the colony is not stained. Aerial mycelium consists of well-developed generative and skeletal hyphae. Generative hyphae are thin, weakly branching, centered, rare spice-buckles. Skeletal hyphae with almost no partitions, swellings occur.

 From carbon sources, the fungus assimilates starch, maltose, orobinose, and glucose from the nutrient medium. From sources of nitrogen, it preferentially assimilates organic forms, for example, pentone, a yeast autolysate, worse it assimilates the mineral forms of nitrogen: urea, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid and chloride.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that feed grain, for example, wheat, barley, oats, is washed, poured with water in a ratio of 1: 1, boiled for 15 30 minutes, freed from free moisture, chalk, gypsum are added in an amount of 5 g per 1 kg of grain, stirred, sterilized at 130 132 ^o C for 1 h, cooled to 20 25 ^o C, after which the liquid inoculum of the fungus Agaricus bisporus D-49 in the amount of 5 7% by weight of the substrate. Somatic structures of the fungus are grown without stirring and aeration for 5-7 days. Then milice, well grown in the grain, without being separated from the grain, is crushed, dried on a belt dryer at a temperature of drying air of 120 130 ^o at the inlet and 50 - 60 ^o C at the outlet of the dryer. The dry product is ground using a mill.

 Inoculum preparation.

From peeled oats prepare the environment of the following composition, g / l:
Peeled oats 30
Chalk 5
Water 1 L
pH 6.5 7
Oats are boiled for 15 minutes, filtered. Chalk and water up to 1 liter are added to the filtrate. Sterilized at 115-120 ^° C. min. After cooling to 20 ^o C, small pieces of somatic structures of the fungus Agaricus bispirus D-49 grown on wort agar are introduced into the medium.

 The inoculum is grown on a rocking chair at 160-180 rpm for 5 days. The finished inoculum is then introduced into sterile grain.

Example 1. Take 10 kg of barley, washed until the wash water is transparent. Pour 10 l of water, cook in an autoclave at 105 ^o C for 30 minutes, cool. Using a sieve, excess water is removed, chalk with gypsum in equal amounts of 50 g is added, mixed with grain, placed in metal containers or in glass jars with a layer of 15 20 cm, covered with a cotton towel and paper, sterilized at 130 132 ^o C for 1 h, cooled to 25 26 ^o , make the inoculum in an amount of 1 1.4 l. Tanks are placed in a plant chamber. Grown at 20 22 ^o C, without stirring, for 5 7 days, because with a cultivation duration of less than 5 days, the mycelium does not have time to develop in the entire thickness of the substrate, it is inappropriate to grow more than 7 days, because after this period, the content of important components of the protein product, lipids, does not increase. After completion of the cultivation process, the obtained substrate blocks intertwined with mycelium hyphae are crushed, dried on a belt dryer at a temperature of drying air of 120 130 ^o C at the outlet and 50 60 ^o C at the exit of the dryer. The dry product is ground.

The chemical composition of the finished product contains
Moisture 5 10
Protein 16 18
Fiber 5 6
Lipid 1 5
Vitamin C-32-34 units / 100g B-0.6 units / 100g PP-8-, 5 units / 100g Enzymes: units / g:
Amylase 55 119
Protease 41 57
Lipase 6 27
Cellulose 82.0
Carboxylic acids 500 600 mg / 100g (including sorbic, oxalic, fumaric, succinic, malic, tartaric, citric).

 Example 2. The technological stages of the process are similar to example 1, in addition, in the fermented grain of barley, wheat add 15 30% of germinated grain of wheat, barley. The chemical composition of the product within paragraph 1.

 The product of solid-phase fermentation of grain using a strain of somatic structures of the fungus Agaricus bisporus D-49, containing biomass and biologically active substances, can be recommended as a feed additive in animal diets in order to increase their productivity. The product is named by the applicant: "feed additive" BSH ".

 The useful properties of this product are proved by examples of its use in the cultivation of poultry and fur animals in captivity. The results are presented in table. 1 and 2.

 In the experimental farm of the Kazakh zonal experimental station for poultry farming, the feed additive "BSh" was tested on ducklings of the Medeo cross from daily to 49 days of cultivation in dosages: 1, 2, 3, 5 g / kg of feed.

 Example 3. In the Alma-Ata fur farm "Koopzveropromhoz" the feed additive "BSh" was tested in the diets of feeding muskrat, silver-black foxes, at a dose of 1 g per day, for adults during rutting for 10 days, as well as young animals after planting them from mothers. One typical example is shown when feeding a muskrat.

 The technical result in the implementation of the proposed method consists in the following: simplification of the process and saving costs for the production of biologically active feed additives is achieved by eliminating the operation of grinding the substrate, because instead of straw, vines use grain that does not require grinding.

 The coefficient of utilization of technological equipment at the fermentation stage is increased 4 times, since due to the use of the Agaricus bisporus strain, the fermentation process is accelerated; it lasts 5 7 days, instead of 20 days in the case of B.adusta strain.

The range of feeds containing biologically active substances is expanding. in the implementation of the proposed method, a new complex biologically active preparation is obtained containing a complex of substances produced specifically by the strain Agaricus bisporus D. 49. In addition to those components that accumulate B.adusta mushroom by the known method (proteins, lipids, cellulase complex enzymes), the product according to the proposed method will additionally contain vitamins PP, B, C, carboxylic acids, enzymes amylase, kartalase, lipase, and fiber contains not more than 5 6%
The drying of the product provided for by the proposed method improves the properties of the final preparation, because when dry, the product has a longer shelf life and can be transported at any distance.

 The dry form of the drug and a wider range of biologically active substances contained in it, increases the usefulness of the product as a feed and wider areas of application. The BSh feed additive allows you to increase the yield of healthy offspring of fur animals held in captivity, increase the weight gain during bird feeding, and save feed per unit gain.

Claims (1)

 A method of producing a biologically active feed additive, including preparing a solid substrate, introducing an inoculum of a basidiomycete producer of biologically active substances, growing biomass at the optimum temperature, characterized in that feed grain is used as a solid substrate, and Agaricus basidiomycete is used as a producer of biologically active substances bisporus, cultivation is carried out for 5 7 days, followed by drying and grinding of biomass together with the substrate.

Images