CS199337B1 - Manufacturing process of bodies,especially stairs and step on surfaces with anti-sliding surface - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of mfg. treads for stairs and walkways, having anti-slip, wear-resistant surfaces, is as follows: a negative mould is used, corresp. to the outer surface or upper face of the tread, and into this a resin-based layer contg. wear-resistant additive is introduced and allowed to harden; then a reinforced plastics layer is applied and the resultant hollow, semifinished prodt. is removed from the mould; the hollow, i.e., interior face is filled with a plastics foam or other lightweight matl., the article being pref. pressed, compacted and possibly laminated; the lower surface, i.e., that initially in contact with the mould, is then sand-blasted and coated with a thin resin surface layer. Prefd. matls. are: for the wear-resistant treadllayer initially in contact with the mould, elastic polyester or epoxy resin contg. an agent to make it thixotropic, and also comprising sharp-edged mineral grains, esp. 100-140 wt. %, relative to the resin of electrocorundum, quartz dust or silicon carbide; in partic. grey silicon carbide of grain size 140-400mu; reinforced plastics layer polyester or epoxy resin reinforced with glass mat or fabric or strands; light-weight layer, hard PVC foam, balsa wood, or other syntactic foam esp. having closed cells and a density of 60-100 kg./m3; thin resin coating epoxy or polyester resin contg. non-slip additive, esp. mineral additive.

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing bodies, in particular stairs and tread surfaces having a wear-resistant anti-slip surface in which the body is molded in one piece by hand pressing, spraying glass fibers with resin, vacuuming or cold pressing in negative form.

Pedestrian communications of different heights are interconnected by appropriate devices · Most often they are stairs of different shapes, made of different materials * From the safety point of view, strict requirements are imposed on stairs, especially on stairs placed on open areas ·· lift and exposed to weathering ·

Particularly strict requirements for the non-slip properties of stairs and other treads are particularly in the following areas of application:

- for railways, rail vehicles, ships, airplanes

- in swimming pools, spas and other wet or humid places

- for residential and commercial buildings and other public or private buildings, in particular for tread roofs for chimney sweeping purposes |

- for engine or other engine cover elements on ships, railways, iron199 337

199 337 road vehicles for acoustic or aesthetic purposes but also used as tread surfacesJ

- for deck covers and handles ·

Wooden or metal stairs used so far do not have sufficient anti-slip properties and are disadvantageous for other reasons. · Dense wear and tear and are not sufficiently resistant to weathering and corrosion. · Their weight is relatively high, which is disadvantageous especially for vehicles and their production is complicated · They are composed of a relatively large number of components, are not replaceable when fitted to vehicles and must be adapted individually to the assembly.

The object of the invention is to improve the quality of stairs and treads, to eliminate their existing disadvantages, to improve and simplify their production, in particular by using suitable materials

The problem is solved by providing a method of manufacturing bodies, especially steps and treads with wear-resistant slip surface, in which the body is formed in one piece by hand pressing, spraying glass fibers with resin, vacuuming or cold pressing in negative form. according to the invention, in that it adds a wear-resistant additive to the synthetic resin-based mass and then it is applied to the inner wall of the negative mold and then cured, thereby forming a base outer layer, the inner side of which then The reinforced layer of platinum is applied and the resulting blank is removed from the negative form and then a foam or plastic foam is introduced into the cavity of the blank, which is then pressed, compacted or covered with a covering layer, whereby the base outer layer of the blank is pages roughened p skováním and then was applied to a thin resin layer povrohová into which is introduced against the slip additive ·

In order to achieve the necessary anti-slip properties according to the invention, a polyester or epoxy resin containing a tizotropic agent is added as a synthetic resin for the formation of the base outer layer, to which mineral grains with sharp edges and with increased wear resistance are added.

According to the invention, electrocorundum grains of quartz flour or silicon carbide, in particular gray silicon carbide having a grain size of 140 to 400 .mu.m in an amount of 100 to 140% by weight of the crystal mass, are used as a sharp-edged material introduced into the resin for the cargo outer layer.

According to the invention, an unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin is applied as a reinforced plastic layer, which is reinforced by inserting a glass mat, glass mesh

199 337 or combed fibers ·

The cavity of the blank according to the invention fills balzovým wood, hard polyvinyl chloride foam, or other foam syntettakou DMOT particular material forming a closed Dunky which in * 1 in ^YPE sive to ^{h t ENGINE} nose 60 to 100 kg / m ·

In order to further improve the anti-slip properties according to the invention, a thin layer of epoxy or polyester resin is applied as a surface layer to the roughened surface of the base outer layer of the workpiece, in which a wear-resistant granular non-slip mineral additive is introduced.

The steps and treads made by the method of the invention are substantially lighter than iron, are corrosion resistant and more durable. Both iron and wood.

One-piece bodies in one mold are precise in size, easy to attach with screws · and replaceable · Easy to use ·

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 2 shows the ladder of a bus, Fig. 2 shows a ladder used in ships, various machines and building structures, both produced according to the invention and Fig. according to the invention

Inner ^p ovrc ^h negatovní forms of ^{ET EXAMPLE} * ros ^class edkem, usnatóujícím removed ^í zhotaveného blank · Then the inner wall of the negative mold coated base outer layer 1 Deles containing additive wear resistant · For making the base of the outer layer 1 is ^running in ^p ou ^{n p and} butyl ester of ^{poly p} scored ^{NCE g} elového shrink type with natural taxotaopními. Properties, or other unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin containing 4% to 7% by weight of thixotropic agents · Silic acid, for example, may be used as the thixotropic agent. 100 to 140 phy weight of 140 grit grain resin are added to this resin to. 400 yum of gray silicon carbide, lactocorundum or siliceous quartz ·

After hardening of the base layer 1, a reinforced plastic layer 2 is applied having a thickness of 4 mm to 6 mm, depending on the dimensions of the molded body. The unsaturated polyester resin, most preferably the ring which cures at atmospheric temperature using suitable catalyst, for example dimethyl-aniline bezolperosyd- or kobaltmaftenat-metyletylketomρeroxyd or kodaltootoat-cyklohexanmnderoxyd · Syntetioké resin must have suitable strength characteristics and be odolnéproti dogs ^Pooh mhemikálití tions with ^b · M ⁱ MO's gotta ⁱ SMA ^{number d} of them . in ^the L-and ^{D and some} way ^of external ^I O ^{I materials of manufacture} of p then ^possibly they Chronicle · 'can also be used epoxy mryskyřic, at atmospheric temperature vytvrdltelných

199 337

Reinforced layer 2 plastic local mass Different thickness is reinforced! glass fiber materials ·

possible glass felt of different thicknesses * to Is different basis weight · For manual, vacuum processing, as well as under pressure processing and cold pressing It is preferable to use a glass mat · weighing 450 g / m ·

When spraying fiberglass-reinforced resin, endless glass fibers with a diameter of 8 to 12 or combed fibers have proven their best. The glass fibers are divided by cutting the head of the syringe into a length of 50 mm and applied together in the resin by spraying.

Fabrics weighing 400 to 600 g / m 2 of glass silk or combed fibers of flax, atlas, twill may be used as reinforcing materials. Individual carrier materials may be used either alone or in combination, for example, glass fibers with combed or glass mats with glass Thus, it is possible for the reinforced layer 2 reinforced with glass mats and combed fibers to contain 25 to 30% by weight of glass and, using glass fabrics, 40 to 50% by weight of glass. Depending on the technology used · For manual processing and spraying, the values stated above are achieved · Forming under pressure and · increase by 5 í and Ю Ю

After application of the reinforced layer 2, the preform is removed from the mold and its cavity is filled with a foam layer 2 of plastic, balsa or synthetic foam containing air or gas cells having a bulk density of 60 to 100 kg / m. foam layer 2 can also be used for other materials such as tubular or honeycomb structure · foam layer 2 can also be polyurethane or polystyrene · suitable synthetic materials contain up to 60 air cells by volume · foam layer 2 ·· pressed, compacted ^{on the} outside, optionally covering with a covering layer 4, thereby increasing the rigidity of the shaped body ·

In the manufacture of moldings by the process according to the invention, processes which are customary in the processing of polyester and epoxy resins are used. In a manual manufacturing process, reinforcing materials, such as fibers, are mixed with liquid synthetic resin, the mass thus prepared is applied and thickened When spraying, a synthetic resin comes out of the spray gun together with scattered glass fibers, chopped to a length of about 50 mm. Vacuum molding reinforces the materials placed on the mold wall with a synthetic resin, then a rubber bag is placed on them and the air is sucked off between the negative mold and the rubber bag. 40 to 50 kPa «« Pressurized, synthetic resin-reinforced materials are also overlaid with a rubber bag · Then the negative mold is closed with a steel lid and the air bag between the rubber bag and the steel lid is pressurized with an overpressure of 300 to 500 kPa gumový

199 337 bag and draws the necessary pressing pressure · In another way, the mold is two-piece and a reinforcing material is placed in the space between the two parts, whereupon the synthetic resin is sucked by vacuum from the synthetic resin channel under 200 to 300 kPa. In cold pressing, the mold is unhindered and curing is done by the heat ^{produced by the} chemical reaction.

When the sandwich structure of the body is formed by making the cover layer 4, the body on the side of the cover layer 4 is covered with a mask and its free surface formed by the base outer layer 1 is roughened by sandblasting. epoxy or polyester resin, which is coated with an anti-slip additive, preferably a grained mineral * motif. · After curing. the surface layer £, the excess additive material is removed.

The steps and step surfaces produced by the process according to the invention, as experience has shown, retain the anti-slip properties irrespective of the quality of the mashing, i.e. whether the sole is rum. leather or plastic, or whether they are walked bare feet. Resist SPO ^{l l} er Iva-aggressive ^{even for} Oroz Minkům in ^d y ^P ros ^{line examples cl} e m ^{p h} c oužívan ^{characterized} к sprinkling of road and ^s neopotřebuj even after many měsícíoh intense use;

Claims (6)

Method for producing a body, particularly stairs and treads, with a wear-resistant non-slip surface, the body being molded in one piece by hand pressing, spraying glass fibers with resin, vacuuming or cold pressing in a negative form, For example, by adding a wear-resistant additive to the synthetic resin-based composition, the composition is applied to the inner wall of the negative mold and then cured to form a base outer layer, the inner side of which is then coated with a reinforced plastic layer. the thus formed blank is removed from the negative mold and then the foam or plastic foam is introduced into the cavity of the blank, which is then pressed, compacted or covered with a covering layer, whereby the base outer layer of the blank is roughened - se na-. it is applied by a thin surface layer - resin, into which the anti-slip agent is introduced, 2? The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mineral grains and sharp edges and with increased wear resistance are added to the synthetic resin for forming the base layer, which is a polyester or epoxy resin containing a thixotropic agent. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is formed into a synthetic resin for forming. the base outer layers - carry electrocorundum, quartz flour or carbide grains 199 397 silica with sizes from 1Й0 to 400 resin The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin is applied as a reinforced plastic layer, which is reinforced by inserting a glass mat _{t of} glass mesh or combed fibers. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cavity of the blank is filled with balsa wood, rigid polyvinyl chloride foam, or other synthetic foam, in particular a closed cell mass which is foamed to a weight of 60 to 100 kg / nP. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a thin layer of epoxy or polyester sputtering is applied as a surface layer to the roughened surface of the base outer layer of the workpiece, into which a wear-resistant granular non-slip mineral additive is introduced