CS118992A3 - Process for making welded joints between polyolefin elements - Google Patents

Process for making welded joints between polyolefin elements Download PDF

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Publication number
CS118992A3
CS118992A3 CS921189A CS118992A CS118992A3 CS 118992 A3 CS118992 A3 CS 118992A3 CS 921189 A CS921189 A CS 921189A CS 118992 A CS118992 A CS 118992A CS 118992 A3 CS118992 A3 CS 118992A3
Authority
CS
Czechoslovakia
Prior art keywords
tube
radiation energy
members
welded joints
polyolefin
Prior art date
Application number
CS921189A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Trevor George Stafford
Andrew Smart
Original Assignee
British Gas Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Gas Plc filed Critical British Gas Plc
Publication of CS118992A3 publication Critical patent/CS118992A3/cs
Publication of CZ278782B6 publication Critical patent/CZ278782B6/cs

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91218Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods using colour change, e.g. using separate colour indicators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/68Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52297Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising slip-off prevention means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612Making circumferential joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1409Visible light radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412Infrared [IR] radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S285/00Pipe joints or couplings
    • Y10S285/909Fluorocarbons and memory plastics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Description

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Způsob vytváření svarových spojů mezi pdlv^UžCirio vvmi členy.-
Oblsst techniky
Vynález se týká způsobu vytváření svarových spojů mezipolyoleflnovými členy. Způsob je využitelný pro členy z poly-ethylenu a z jiných polyolefinů, například z polypropylenua z polybutylenu. Zvláště se pak týká způsobu vytváření sva=- - ý ,nových spojů členů, z nichž jeden je ze sesílovaného materiálu.
Dosavadní stav technik;/
Je výraznou vlastností zesilovaného materiálu, že přidosažení teplot, které normálně odpovídají teplotě tání, do-stávají kaučukovitý avšak stále pevný charakter; platí tonapříklad pro polyethylen. Je to proto, že se krystalickástruktura polyethylenu narušuje, trojrozměrné zesilováni po-lymeru však zůstátá v důsledku přítomných molekulárních příč-ných vazeb. Dalším důsledkem chování zesilovaného polyethylenupři "tavení" je změna optických vlastností.
Kepigmentovaný zesilovaný polyethylen má mléčně bílývzhled v důsledku lámání světla krystalickou strukturou ma-teriálu. Při teplotě kolem 130 °C se tato krystalická struk-tura bortí a základní polymerní struktura se dostává do amorf-ní fáze taveniny. V takovém stavu je materiál čirý jako sklo.
Pozorování této změny optického charakteru podnítilo myš-lenku využití radiační energie jakožto prostředku pro svařo-vání zesilovaného polyethylenu s nezesilovaným materiálem. K takovým svarům v podstatě dochází tak, že se povrchy dvoumateriálů uvádějí do vzájemného styku při teplotě, která jevyšší než jejich teploty krystalického tání. Pro vytvořenísvarů mezi zesilovaným polyethylenem, podléhajícím deformač-ním změnám, jako je srážení, je nutné zahřívat celý objemmateriálu, aby teplota hmoty materiálu byla vyšší, než je tep-lota krystalického tání.
Potřeba prohřátí zesilovaného produktu vyžaduje dodáníznačného množství tepla běžným elektrickým odporovým drátem ne-bo technikou horkého železa, přičemž je proces pomalý, jelikožje materiál špatným vodičem. Kromě toho předání tepelné energievedením vyžaduje teplotní gradient. Kapříklad pro zvýšenívnitřní teploty stěny na 140 °C pro uskutečnění svaru je třebaudržovat vnější povrch na teplotě nad 250 °C, při které může do-cházet k odbourání. Liyšlenka použití radiační energie k součas-nému prohřátí a svaru styčných ploch tyto problémy řeší. Zesilo-vaný polyethylen absorbuje, elektromagnetické záření o viditel-ných a infračervených frekvencích až do roztavení, kdy se sta-ne čirým, přičemž prochází větší množství záření. Pokud povrch,na který se navařuje, je sám pigmentovaný, zvyšuje se absorpceenergie na styčném povrchu. Hlavní tepelnou výhodou tohoto ře-šení je skutečnost, že doba prohřívání je kratší, teplota ven-kovního povrchu nestoupá nadměrně, celkové množství absorbovanéenergie je pro danou teplotu svařování menší, takže se může i snižovat nutné chlazení. Hlavní předností je, že svařovací zaříze-ní pro tento proces může být jednoduché a primitivní. Kromě to-ho se enrgie může dodávat jakožto radiační energie do bezpro-střední blízkosti svaru bez zřetele na polohu místa, ve kterémse má svar uskutečnit.
Americký patentový spis číslo 3 953059 popisuje způsob spo-jování trubek, přičemž jedna trubka je z polyethylenu o vysokéhustotě a připojuje se na stěnu druhé trubky rovněž z polyethy-lenu o vysoké hustotě. Ve stěně druhé trubky se vytvoří otvor,který má menší průměr, než je průměr první trubky. Spojovaný ko-nec první trubky se napřed rozšíří směrem ven. Pak se tentýž ko-nec za studená v zápustce zpěchuje ke zmenšení průměru koncetrubky. Zmenšený průběr konce polyethylenové trubky se pak za-sune do otvoru ve druhé trubce. Za studená napěchovaný konecprvní trubky se po regeneraci, díky její mechanické paměti, při-tlačí k původnímu průměru první trubky a tak se dosáhne těsnéhospoje uvnitř otvoru ve stěně druhé trubky. Nakonec se nanese o-kolo první trubky, v místech jejího spojení s druhou trubkou,tmel nebo lepidlo.
Dvě trubky při způsobu podle shora uvedeného amerického pa-tentového spisu číslo 3 953059 nejsou spojeny tavným svařová-ním. Způsob je popisován jako vhodný pro spojování kanalizač-ních trub, jasně se však nehodí, pro vytváření svarových spojůnapříklad v případě vodovodních a plynovodních trubek.
Podstata vynálezu
Podstata způsobu vytváření svarových spojů mezi prvnímčlenem z polyolefinového materiálu a druhým členem ze zesilo-vaného materiálu podle vynálezu spočívá v tom, že se spojova-né členy uspořádají tak, že alespoň jedna část vnitřního po-vrchu jednoho člene obklopuje a je přivrácena k alespoň čás-ti vnějšího povrchu druhého člene, přičemž tento druhý členje teplem regenerovatelný a povrch tohoto druhého člene, vzdá-lený od těchto přivrácených povrchů spojovaných členů, se pod-robuje působení radiační energie tak, že alespoň v oblastipřivrácených částí povrchů tento druhý člen regeneruje směremk uvedenému prvnímu členu a vtlačuje se do styku s protileh-lým povrchem prvního člene tak, že protilehlé povrchy dosahu-jí teploty, při níž dojde k tavnému svaření. Při jednom provedení způsobu podle vynálezu se druhý členrozšíří, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný.
Podle jiného provedení způsobu podle vynálezu se druhýčlen protáhne, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný.
Oba tyto způsoby provedeni vynálezu jsou dále popsány veformě příkladu praktického provedení. Provedení blíže objasňu-jí připojené výkresy. Na obr. 1 je příčný řez a na obr. 2 jepodélný řez trubkami, uspořádanými konci k sobě ve spojce v poloze, připravené pro spojení spojkou, přičemž spojka je zezesilovaného materiálu a tvoří uvedený druhý člen, přičemžobě trubky tvoří první Člen. Na obr. 3 je podélný řez dokon-čeného spoje mezi oběma trubkami a spojkou z obr. 1 a 2. Naobr. 4 je trojrozměrný pohled na druhé provedení vynálezu,přičemž druhý člen má podobu protažené trubky, zasahující - 4 - do otvoru ve stěně trouby, tvořící první člen a na obr. 5 ε 6jsou řezy protažené trubky a části stěny trouby před spojeníma po ukončeném spojení. Příklad provedení vynálezu
Podle prvního provedení vynálezu, znázorněného na obr. 1až 3,jsou dvě polyethylenové trubky 10 a 12 uspořádány koncik sobě a koncové části těchto trubek jsou přemostěny dutouválcovou spojkou 14, zhotovenou ze zesilovaného polyethylenu.Trubky 10 a 12 tvoří první člen a spojka 14 tvoří druhý člen.Spojka 14 má vnitřní povrch vroubkovaný a je rozšířena tak,aby byla tepelně regenerovatelná. Spojka 14 má vnitřní průměrponěkud větší než 90 mm po expanzi, tedy vnitřní průměr asi92 mm, přičemž vnější průměr spojovaných trubek 10 a 12 je 90mm. Vnější průměr spojky 14 je jmenovitě 110 mm. K osvětlení vnějšího povrchu spojky 14 je uspořádána řa-da 150 W lamp 20. Lampy jsou rovnoměrně rozděleny po obvodu,jak patrno z obr. 1. Ke sledování teplot je použito termočlán-ků na vnějším povrchu spojky 14 θ na vnějším povrchu trubky 10.Teplo se šíří spojkou 14 kolmo k jejímu povrchu a po přibližně10 minutách se spojka 14 stává čirou a smrští se do stykus trubkami 10 a 1 2. Teplota trubky 10 překračuje 140 °C a vy-tvoří se tavný svarový spoj mezi spokou 14 θ trubkami 10 a 12.Jak je patrné z obr. 3, smrští se spojka 14 dostatečně k tomu,aby vnitřní povrch pronikl oxidovanou vrstvou vnějšího povrchutrubek 10 a 1 2, přičemž dojde k tavnému svaru se základním ma-teriálem trubek 10 a 1 2, ležícím pod povrchovou vrstvou. Vněj-ší povrchy trubek 10 a 12 nejsou nijak předem upraveny.
Toto uspořádání je základem způsobu spojování dvou trubek10 a 12 se spojkou 1_4, které není omezováno počáteční vzducho-vou mezerou mezi spokou 14 a trubkami 10 a 12.
Podle druhého provedení způsobu podle vynálezu, znázorně-ného na obr. 4 a 5, je prvním členem polyethylenová trubka 30s vnějším průměrem 125 mm. Po trubky 30 je vyříznut otvor 32 - 5 - o průměru 20 mm s otvor 32 je definován povrchem hrany 34 ot-voru 32. Druhým členem je trubka 40 ze zesilovaného materiáluo průměru 20 mm. Ka stroji pro zkoušku tahem se trubka 40 pro-táhne do vytažené části 42 s vnějším průměrem 10 mm. Vytaženáčást 42 se vloží do otvoru 32 a do trubky 40 se zavede projek-torová lampa 5_0, 12 V, 20 W, Vnitřní povrch trubky 40 je osvět-lován. a vytažená část 42 expanduje do styku s hranou 34λ Lam-pu 50 lze pak zastrčit do vytažené části 42. Vytažená část 42,přivrácená k povrchu hrany 34, je k této hraně přitlačována avytváří se tavný svarový spoj, znázorněný na obr. 6. V průběhurozšiřování vytažené části 42 přechází její vzhled ze zakalené-ho na čirý a světlo lampy 50 ýčinněji prochází polyolefinovýmmateriálem v rozhraní přiléhajících povrchů vytažené části 42.a povrchu hrany 34. V konečném spoji má trubka 40 téměř stej-ný průměr po celé délce. První člen, trouba 30,je mírně napě-chován v místech 52 a 54, kde jsou vytvořeny prstencovité "ná-kružky", obklopující trubku 40 a 42.
Popsaný spoj je užitečný v případě plynového potrubí, kdetrouba 30 je hlavní a trubka 40 je odbočkou od hlavního potru-bí ke spotřebiteli. Trubku 40 je možno prostrčit existující li-tinovou přípojkou /neznázorněno/, když je žádoucí zlepšení pří-pojky pomocí polyethylenové trubky.
Lampu 50 lze od spotřebitele prostrčit do otevřeného koncevytažené části 42 uvnitř trubky 30 nebo je možno ji zasunouthlavní trubkou 30 speciálně zkonstruovaným přístrojem k usku-tečnění svarového spoje uvnitř hlavní trubky 30. Po ukončeníspojování je možno přístroje použít k obrobení přečnívajícíhokonce vytažené části 42 v hlavní trubce 30, jak znázorněno naobr. 6.
Průmyslová využitelnost
Vynález je využitelný u velkých i malých trub. Hlavní trou- ba může mít průměr 1 m nebo více m a připojované trubky mohou mít průměr například 125 mm k připojení k hlavnímu potrubí.
Trubky se mohou spojovat spojkami o průměru alespoň 500 mm,
Dochází ke svarovým spojům polyolefinových trubek.

Claims (10)

  1. 6
    1. Způsob vytváření svarových spojů mezi polyolefinovýmičleny přičemž je první člen z polyolefinového materiálu a dru-hý člen ze zesilovaného polyolefinového materiálu, vy zná-čů j í c í se tím, že se spojované členy uspořádajítak, že alespoň jedna část vnitřního povrchu jednoho členeobklopuje alespoň část povrchu druhého člene a je k němu při-vrácena, přičemž tento druhý člen je teplem regenerovatelný, a na povrch tohoto druhého člene, vzdálený od přivrácených po-vrchů spojovaných členů, se působí radiační energií, přičemžse alespoň v oblasti přivrácených částí povrchů druhý člen re-generuje směrem k uvedenému prvnímu členu a vtlačuje se dostyku s protilehlým povrchem prvního členu za dosahování tep-lot protilehlých povrchů, při nichž dojde k tavnému svaření.
  2. 2. Způsob podle nároku 1,vyznačující setím, že jedním spojovaným členem je druhý člen a je expan-dován tak, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný.
  3. 3. Způsob podle nároku 2,vyznačující setím, že druhý člen má vnitřní povrch opatřený zoubky.
  4. 4. Způsob podle nároku 1,vyznačující se t í m , že druhý člen tvoří jiný člen a tento druhý člen jevytažen, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný.
  5. 5. Způsob podle nároku 4, vyznačující se t í m , že prvním členem je trubka definovaná stěnou a vnitř-ním povrchem protilehlých povrchů je hrana otvoru, vytvořenéhove stěně trubky.
  6. 6. Způsob podle nároku 1 až 5, vyznačující setím, že radiační energií je infračervené světlo.
  7. 7. Způsob podle nároku 1, 2 nebo 3, vyznačujícíse t í m , že radiační energií je světlo prstence lampobklopujících druhý člen. - 7 -
  8. 8. Způsob podle nároku 1, 4 nebo 5, vyznačujícíse t í m , že radiační energií je světlo, vydávané žárov-kou, zasunutou dovnitř druhého člene.
  9. 9. Způsob podle nároku 1 v popise popsaný za pomoci obr. 1 až 3.
  10. 10. Způsob podle nároku 1 v popise popsaný za pomoci obr. 4 a 5.
CS921189A 1991-04-24 1992-04-17 Process for making welded joints between polyolefin elements CZ278782B6 (en)

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GB2214863B (en) * 1988-02-19 1991-09-04 British Gas Plc Joining polyolefinic members by fusion
GB8805911D0 (en) * 1988-03-12 1988-04-13 Victaulic Plc Process for jointing of polyolefin bodies
JPH01288422A (ja) * 1988-05-16 1989-11-20 Kuraray Co Ltd 成形体
JPH0239117U (cs) * 1988-09-09 1990-03-15

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GB2255040A (en) 1992-10-28
CA2066896C (en) 1995-06-13
EP0510804A3 (en) 1993-08-18
GB2255040B (en) 1995-02-08
TR28680A (tr) 1997-01-08
HUT64615A (en) 1994-01-28
GB9108934D0 (en) 1991-06-12
JPH05133495A (ja) 1993-05-28
YU38792A (sh) 1994-06-24
HU9201345D0 (en) 1992-07-28
CZ278782B6 (en) 1994-06-15
DE69216280T2 (de) 1997-08-21
DE69216280D1 (de) 1997-02-13
EP0510804B1 (en) 1997-01-02
GR3023019T3 (en) 1997-07-30
ES2099209T3 (es) 1997-05-16
PL169277B1 (pl) 1996-06-28
YU48553B (sh) 1998-11-05
EP0510804A2 (en) 1992-10-28
DE69216280T4 (de) 1998-03-05
JP2770644B2 (ja) 1998-07-02
US5296073A (en) 1994-03-22
HU211010B (en) 1995-09-28
PL294314A1 (cs) 1993-02-08

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