CZ278782B6 - Process for making welded joints between polyolefin elements - Google Patents
Process for making welded joints between polyolefin elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CZ278782B6 CZ278782B6 CS921189A CS118992A CZ278782B6 CZ 278782 B6 CZ278782 B6 CZ 278782B6 CS 921189 A CS921189 A CS 921189A CS 118992 A CS118992 A CS 118992A CZ 278782 B6 CZ278782 B6 CZ 278782B6
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- CZ
- Czechia
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- tube
- coupler
- radiation energy
- members
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
- B29C66/91218—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods using colour change, e.g. using separate colour indicators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
- B29C65/1467—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/68—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
- B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
- B29C66/52297—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising slip-off prevention means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
- B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1409—Visible light radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
- Y10S285/909—Fluorocarbons and memory plastics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
Description
Oblast techniky
Vynález se týká způsobu vytváření svarových spojů mezi polyolefinovými členy. Způsob je využitelný pro členy z polyethylenu a z jiných polyolefinů, například z polypropylenu a z polybutylenu. Zvláště se pak týká způsobu vytváření svarových spojů členů, z nichž jeden je ze zesilovaného materiálu.
Dposavadní stav techniky
Je výraznou vlastností zesilovaného materiálu, že při dosažení teplot, které normálně odpovídají teplotě tání, dostávají kaučukovitý, avšak stále pevný charakter; platí to například pro polyethylen. Je to proto, že se krystalická struktura polyethylenu narušuje, trojrozměrné zesíťování polymeru však zůstává v důsledku přítomných molekulárních příčných vazeb. Dalším důsledkem chování zesilovaného polyethylenu při tavení je změna optických vlastností.
Nepigmentovaný zesíťovaný polyethylen má mléčně bílý vzhled v důsledku lámání světla krystalickou strukturou materiálu. Při teplotě kolem 130 ’C se tato krystalická struktura bortí a základní polymerní struktura se dostává do amorfní fáze taveniny. V takovém stavu je materiál čirý jako sklo.
Pozorování této změny optického charakteru podnítilo myšlenku využití radiační energie, jakožto prostředku pro svařování zesilovaného polyethylenu s nezesilovaným materiálem. K takovým svarům v podstatě dochází tak, že se povrchy dvou materiálů uvádějí do vzájemného styku při teplotě, která je vyšší než jejich teploty krystalického tání. Pro vytvoření svarů mezi zesíťovaným polyethylenem, podléhajícím deformačním změnám, jako je srážení, je nutné zahřívat celý objem materiálu, aby teplota hmoty materiálu byla vyšší, než je teplota krystalického tání.
Potřeba prohřátí zesilovaného produktu vyžaduje dodání značného množství tepla běžným elektrickým odporovým drátem nebo technikou horkého železa, přičemž je proces pomalý, jelikož je materiál špatným vodičem. Kromě toho předání tepelné energie vedením vyžaduje teplotní gradient. Například pro zvýšení vnitřní teploty stěny na 140 °C pro uskutečnění svaru je třeba udržovat vnější povrch při teplotě nad 250 °C, při které může docházet k odbourání. Myšlenka použití radiační energie k současnému prohřátí a svaru styčných ploch tyto problémy řeší. Zesíťovaný polyethylen absorbuje elektromagnetické záření o viditelných a infračervených frekvencích až do roztavení, kdy se stane čirým, přičemž prochází větším množstvím záření. Pokud povrch, na který se navařuje, je sám pigmentovaný, zvyšuje se absorpce energie na styčném povrchu. Hlavní tepelnou výhodou tohoto řešení je skutečnost, že doba prohřívání je kratší, teplota venkovního povrchu nestoupá nadměrně, celkové množství adsorbované energie je pro danou teplotu svařování menší, takže se může i snižovat nutné chlazení. Hlavní předností je, že svařovací zařízení pro tento proces může být jednoduché a primitivní. Kromě toho se energie může dodávat jakožto radiační energie do bezprostřední blízkosti
-1CZ 278782 B6 svaru bez zřetele na polohu místa, ve kterém se má svar uskutečnit .
Americký patentový spis číslo 3 953059 popisuje spojování trubek, přičemž jedna trubka je z polyethylenu o vysoké hustotě a připojuje sena stěnu druhé trubky rovněž z polyethylenu o vysoké hustotě. Ve stěně druhé trubky se vytvoří otvor, který má menší průměr, než je průměr první trubky. Spojovaný konec první trubky se napřed rozšíří směrem ven. Pak se tentýž konec za studená v zápustce zpěchuje ke zmenšení průměru konce trubky. Zmenšený průměr konce polyethylenové trubky se pak zasune do otvoru ve druhé trubce. Za studená napěchovaný konec první trubky se po regeneraci, díky její mechanické paměti, přitlačí k původnímu průměru trubky a tak se dosáhne těsného spoje uvnitř otvoru ve stěně druhé trubky. Nakonec se nanese okolo první trubky, v místech jejího spojení spojení s druhou trubkou, tmel nebo lepidlo.
Dvě trubky při způsobu podle shora uvedeného amerického patentového spisu číslo 3 953059 nejsou spojeny tavným svařováním, Způsob je popisován jako vhodný pro spojování kanalizačních trub, jasně se však nehodí pro vytváření svarových spojů například v případě vodovodních a plynových trubek.
Podstata vynálezu
Podstata způsobu vytváření svarových spojů mezi prvním členem z polyolefinového materiálu a druhým členem ze zesilovaného materiálu podle vynálezu spočívá v tom, že se spojované členy uspořádají tak, že alespoň jedna část vnitřního povrchu jednoho členu obklopuje a je přivrácena k alespoň části vnějšího povrchu druhého členu, přičemž tento druhý člen je teplem regenerovatelný a povrch tohoto druhého členu, vzdálený od těchto přivrácených povrchů spojovaných členů, se podrobuje působení radiační energie tak, že alespoň v oblasti přivrácených povrchů tento druhý člen regeneruje směrem k uvedenému prvnímu členu a vtlačuje se do styku s protilehlým povrchem prvního členu tak, že protilehlé povrchy dosahují teploty, při níž dojde k tavnému svaření.
Při jednom provedení způsobu podle vynálezu se druhý člen rozšíří, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný.
Podle jiného provedení způsobu podle vynálezu se druhý člen protáhne, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný.
Oba tyto způsoby provedení vynálezu jsou dále popsány ve formě příkladu praktického provedení. Provedení blíže objasňují připojené výkresy. Na obr. 1 je příčný řez a na obr. 2 je podélný řez trubkami, uspořádanými konci k sobě ve spojce v poloze, připravené pro spojení s trubkou, přičemž spojka je ze zesíťovaného materiálu a tvoři uvedený druhý člen, přičemž obě trubky tvoří první člen. Na obr. 3 je podélný řez dokončeného spoje mezi oběma trubkami a spojkou z obr. 1 a 2. Na obr. 4 je trojrozměrný pohled na druhé provedení vynálezu, přičemž druhý člen má podobu protažené trubky, zasahující do otvoru ve stěně trouby, tvořící první člen, a na obr. 5a 6 jsou řezy protažené trubky a části stěny trouby před spojením a po ukončeném spojení.
-2CZ 278782 B6
Příklad provedení vynálezu
Podle prvního provedení vynálezu, znázorněného na obr. 1 až 3, jsou dvě polyethylenové trubky 10 a 12 uspořádány konci k sobě a koncové části těchto trubek jsou přemostěny dutou válcovou spojkou 14, zhotovenou ze zesilovaného polyethylenu. Trubky 10 a 12 tvoří první člen a spojka 14 tvoří druhý člen. Spojka 14 má vnitřní povrch vroubkovaný a je rozšířena tak, aby byla tepelně regenerovatelná. Spojka 14 má vnitřní průměr poněkud větší než 90 mm po expanzi, tedy vnitřní průměr má asi 92 mm, přičemž vnější průměr spojovaných trubek 10 a 12 je 90 mm. Vnější průměr spojky 14 je jmenovitě 110 mm.
K osvětlení vnějšího povrchu spojky 14 je uspořádána řada 150 W lamp 20. Lampy jsou rovnoměrně rozděleny po obvodu, jak patrno z obr. 1. Ke sledování teplot je použito termočlánku na vnějším povrchu spojky 14 a na vnějším povrchu trubky 10. Teplo se šíří spojkou 14 kolmo k jejímu povrchu a po přibližně 10 minutách se spojka 14 stává čirou a smrští se do styku s trubkami 10 a 12. Teplota trubky 10 překračuje 140 °C a vytvoří se tavný svarový spoj mezi spojkou 14 a trubkami 10 a 12. jak je patrné z obr. 3, smrští se spojka 14 dostatečně k tomu, aby vnitřní povrch pronikl oxidovanou vrstvou vnějšího povrchu trubek 10. a 12., přičemž dojde k tavnému svaru se základním materiálem trubek 10 a 12., ležícím pod povrchovou vrstvou. Vnějším povrchy trubek 10 a 12 nejsou nijak předem upraveny.
Toto uspořádání je základem způsobů spojování dvou trubek 10 a 12 se spojkou 14, které není omezováno počáteční vzduchovou mezerou mezi spojkou 14 a trubkami 10 a 12.
Podle druhého provedení způsobů podle vynálezu, znázorněného na obr. 4 a 5, je prvním členem polyethylenová trubka 30 s vnějším průměrem 125 m. Do trubky 30 je vyříznut otvor 32 o průměru 20 mm a otvor 3 2 je definován povrchem hrany 34 otvoru 32.. Druhým členem je trubka 40 ze zesilovaného materiálu o průměru 20 mm. Na stroji pro zkoušku tahem se trubka 40 protáhne do vytažené části 42 s vnějším průměrem 10 mm. Vytažená část 42 se vloží do otvoru 32 a do trubky 40 se zavede projektová lampa 50, 12 V, 20 W. Vnitřní povrch trubky 40 je osvětlován a vytažená část 42 expanduje do styku s hranou 34,. Lampu 50 lze pak zastrčit do vytažené části 42. Vytažená část 42, přivrácená k povrchu hrany 34, je k této hrabě přitlačována a vytváří se tavný svarový spoj, znázorněný na obr. 6. V průběhu rozšiřování vytažené části 42. přechází její vzhled ze zakaleného na čirý a světlo lampy 50 účinněji prochází polyolefinovým materiálem v rozhraní přiléhajících povrchů vytažené části 42 a povrchu hrany 34. V konečném spoj 3 ma 40 remer stejnv průměr po cele délce. První člen. trouba 30, je mírně napěchován v místech 52 a 54, kde jsou vytvořeny prstencovité nákružky, obklopující trubku 40 a 42.
Popsaný spoj je užitečný v případě plynového potrubí, kde trouba 30 je hlavní a trubka 40 je odbočkou od hlavního potrubí ke spotřebiteli. Trubku 40 je možno prostrčit existující litinovou přípojkou (neznázorněno), když je žádoucí zlepšení přípojky pomocí polyethylenové trubky.
-3CZ 278782 B6
Lampu 50 lze od spotřebitele prostrčit do otevřeného konce vytažené části 42 uvnitř trubky 30 nebo je možno ji zasunout hlavní trubkou 30 speciálně zkonstruovaným přístrojem k uskutečnění svarového spoje uvnitř hlavní trubky 30,. Po ukončení spojování je možno přístroje použít k obrobení přečnívajícího konce vytažené části 42 v hlavní trubce 30., jak znázorněno na obr. 6.
Průmyslová využitelnost
Vynález je využitelný u velkých i malých trub. Hlavní trouba může mít průměr 1 m nebo více m a připojované trubky mohou mít průměr například 125 mm k připojení k hlavnímu potrubí. Trubky se mohou spojovat spojkami o průměru alespoň 500 mm. Dochází ke svarovým spojům polyolefinových trubek.
Claims (2)
1. Způsob vytvářeni svarových spojů mezi polyolefinovými členy, přičemž je první člen z polyolefinového materiálu a druhý člen ze zesilovaného polyolefinového materiálu, vyznačuj ící se tím, že se spojované členy uspořádají tak, že alespoň jedna část vnitřního povrchu jednoho členu obklopuje alespoň část povrchu druhého členu a je k němu přivrácena, přičemž tento druhý člen je teplem regenerovatelný, a na povrch tohoto druhého členu, vzdálený od přivrácených povrchů spojovaných členů, se působí radiační energií, přičemž se alespoň v oblasti přivrácených částí povrchů druhý člen regeneruje směrem k uvedenému prvnímu členu a vtlačuje se do styku s protilehlým povrchem prvního členu za dosahování teplot protilehlých povrchů, při nichž dojde k tavnému svaření.
2. Způsob podle nároku 1, vyznačující setím, že jedním spojovaným členem je druhý člen a je expandován tak, aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný
3. Způsob podle nároku 1, v y z že druhý člen má vnitřní povrch
4. Způsob podle nároku 1, v y z n že druhý člen je jiným členem aby byl tepelně regenerovatelný
5. Způsob podle nároku 1, v y z že prvním členem, je trubka, povrchem protilehlých povrchů j stěně trubky.
načující se tím, opatřený zoubky.
ačující se tím, a tento druhý člen je vytažen, načující se tím, definovaná stěnou, a vnitřním e hrana otvoru, vytvořeného ve
5, vyznačující se infračervené světlo.
3, vyznačující se světlo prstence lamp, obklopu-4-,
8. Způsob podle nároků 1, 4 nebo 5, vyznačující se tím, že radiační energií je světlo, vydávané žárovkou, zasunutou dovnitř druhého členu.
2 výkresy
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9108934A GB2255040B (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1991-04-24 | Method of forming a welded joint between polyolefinic members |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CS118992A3 CS118992A3 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
CZ278782B6 true CZ278782B6 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
Family
ID=10693937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CS921189A CZ278782B6 (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1992-04-17 | Process for making welded joints between polyolefin elements |
Country Status (13)
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US (1) | US5296073A (cs) |
EP (1) | EP0510804B1 (cs) |
JP (1) | JP2770644B2 (cs) |
CA (1) | CA2066896C (cs) |
CZ (1) | CZ278782B6 (cs) |
DE (2) | DE69216280D1 (cs) |
ES (1) | ES2099209T3 (cs) |
GB (1) | GB2255040B (cs) |
GR (1) | GR3023019T3 (cs) |
HU (1) | HU211010B (cs) |
PL (1) | PL169277B1 (cs) |
TR (1) | TR28680A (cs) |
YU (1) | YU48553B (cs) |
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GB2264765B (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1995-04-12 | British Gas Plc | Method of lining a pipeline |
GB2286147B (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1998-01-07 | Uponor Aldyl Ltd | Method of joining elongate hollow members |
GB2301187B (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1999-04-21 | British Gas Plc | Method of and apparatus for locating an anomaly in a duct |
ES2164814T3 (es) * | 1995-08-19 | 2002-03-01 | Ruppert Hans Peter | Dispositivo de conexion para la conexion de tubos. |
EP0921921B2 (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 2007-04-04 | Uponor Wirsbo AB | Method for heating and/or cross-linking of polymers and apparatus therefor |
DE19725326C2 (de) * | 1997-06-10 | 2000-12-07 | Donald Herbst | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Matte mit dünnwandigen Kunststoffrohren |
WO1999022170A1 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-05-06 | Moshe Kotzer | Pipe joints |
US20020100540A1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2002-08-01 | Alexander Savitski | Simultaneous butt and lap joints |
JP2001171007A (ja) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-26 | Solar Giken:Kk | 熱可塑性樹脂よりなる小口径管の熱融着接合法 |
KR100417032B1 (ko) * | 2001-03-14 | 2004-02-05 | 주식회사 테크소닉 | 수지파이프의 접합방법 |
US8272406B2 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-09-25 | Fer-Pal Construction Ltd. | Methods for rehabilitating conduits using structural liners |
JP2018162858A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 電気融着継手 |
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US3861972A (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1975-01-21 | Johnson & Johnson | Intravenous catheter |
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US3847183A (en) * | 1972-11-22 | 1974-11-12 | V Meyer | Closure |
JPS502577U (cs) * | 1973-05-08 | 1975-01-11 | ||
SE390802B (sv) * | 1973-11-27 | 1977-01-24 | Atomenergi Ab | Forfarande for sammanfogning av detaljer av fornetade polymerer |
US3953059A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-04-27 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Pipe connection and process to make same |
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-
1991
- 1991-04-24 GB GB9108934A patent/GB2255040B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-03-19 DE DE69216280A patent/DE69216280D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-03-19 DE DE69216280T patent/DE69216280T4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-19 ES ES92302357T patent/ES2099209T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-19 EP EP92302357A patent/EP0510804B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-10 TR TR00392/92A patent/TR28680A/xx unknown
- 1992-04-14 YU YU38792A patent/YU48553B/sh unknown
- 1992-04-17 CZ CS921189A patent/CZ278782B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-22 HU HU9201345A patent/HU211010B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-23 CA CA002066896A patent/CA2066896C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-23 PL PL92294314A patent/PL169277B1/pl unknown
- 1992-04-23 JP JP4103303A patent/JP2770644B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-24 US US07/873,424 patent/US5296073A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 GR GR970400691T patent/GR3023019T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GR3023019T3 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
CS118992A3 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
HU211010B (en) | 1995-09-28 |
DE69216280T2 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
DE69216280D1 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
PL294314A1 (cs) | 1993-02-08 |
TR28680A (tr) | 1997-01-08 |
JPH05133495A (ja) | 1993-05-28 |
JP2770644B2 (ja) | 1998-07-02 |
EP0510804A3 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
GB2255040B (en) | 1995-02-08 |
ES2099209T3 (es) | 1997-05-16 |
PL169277B1 (pl) | 1996-06-28 |
EP0510804B1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
HU9201345D0 (en) | 1992-07-28 |
US5296073A (en) | 1994-03-22 |
CA2066896C (en) | 1995-06-13 |
GB2255040A (en) | 1992-10-28 |
HUT64615A (en) | 1994-01-28 |
DE69216280T4 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
YU38792A (sh) | 1994-06-24 |
YU48553B (sh) | 1998-11-05 |
GB9108934D0 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
EP0510804A2 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
IF00 | In force as of 2000-06-30 in czech republic | ||
MM4A | Patent lapsed due to non-payment of fee |
Effective date: 20030417 |