CN87107554A - 制造铁路道岔辙岔的方法 - Google Patents
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- CN87107554A CN87107554A CN87107554.7A CN87107554A CN87107554A CN 87107554 A CN87107554 A CN 87107554A CN 87107554 A CN87107554 A CN 87107554A CN 87107554 A CN87107554 A CN 87107554A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
- E01B7/10—Frogs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
- E01B7/10—Frogs
- E01B7/12—Fixed frogs made of one part or composite
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Studio Circuits (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
- Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
- Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
Abstract
在用以制造铁路道岔辙岔或受车轮冲击、位于道岔区域内的轨条件的方法中，包括车轮在其上面行驶的、由如下化学成分
C 0.01至0.05％ Cr 0至13％
Si 0.01至0.2％ Al 0至0.2％
Mn 0.01至0.2％ B 0至0.1％
Co 0至15％ Zr 0至0.1％
Mo 1.5至6％
Ni 7至20％
Ti 0.1至1％组成的时效硬化钢的高耐磨表面层，通过在可焊性好的钢基体上，尤其是在含C＜0.24％、P和S分别＜0.04％、S＜0.65％和Mn＜1.7％的钢基体上进行爆炸覆层或电子剌焊接或轧制覆层，施加车轮要行驶的表面层。
Description
本发明涉及用以制造铁路道岔辙岔或受车轮冲击、位于道岔区域内的轨条件，其中加工成车轮在其上面行驶的高耐磨的表面层，即将如下化学成分
C 0.01至0.05% Cr 0至13%
Si 0.01至0.2% Al 0至0.2%
Mn 0.01至0.2% B 0至0.1%
Co 0至15% Zr 0至0.1%
Mo 1.5至6%
Ni 7至20%
Ti 0.1至1%
的时效硬化钢的高耐磨表面层施加在可焊性好的基体上。欧洲专利（EP-A-105864）制造的辙岔，是有名的，尤其是铁路交道道口或铁路道岔的钢质辙岔尖，这些辙岔尖或待车轮行驶的辙岔表面层分别由上述的时效硬化钢组成。当车轮从铁路翼轨行驶到岔尖上时，施加辙岔尖上的应力特别大，并且随着轴向载荷的增加，尤其是随着车轮行驶速度的增加，应力竟增高到无可比拟的程度，因此辙岔尖发生严重的变形，从而大大地降低了辙岔的寿命。根据此EP-A的特点，通过堆焊将上述EP-A的材料施加在标准的轨条钢的基体上。用如此高耐磨钢生产整体辙岔是相当昂贵的，通过在连接区内相应地对基体材料和标准的轨条钢的焊接，具有耐磨层的复合材料的使用可以提供在车轮通过的间隙区内和辙岔尖上顺利进行连接的可能性。可以在没有特别措施的条件下，由电弧对焊机通过焊接连接基体材料。由于根据这种已知的生产上述辙岔的方法，在标准的轨条钢的基体上堆焊产生了耐磨层的材料，所以在那里仍然有不均匀热连接的困难，同时降低了质量。应用靠堆焊产生的耐磨材料结果总是与基体材料混合，以至该方法产生或多或少的明显不均性区域。因此，当按照已知的堆焊方法操作时，就不可能充分利用耐磨层材料的优点。
本发明目的在于提供一种开头就提到的加工方法，根据热工方法，可以使工作表面的材料与基体均匀地连接，从而提高辙岔的质量。尤其是，应该防止在辙岔件的不同材料之间或在轨条件的不同材料之间形成不均匀的边界层。为此，本发明方法的基本点在于通过在可焊性好的钢基体上，尤其是在含C≤0.24%、P和S分别≤0.04%、Si≤0.65%和Mn≤1.7%的钢基体上进行爆作覆层或电子束焊接或轧制覆层施加车轮行驶的表面层。
从所周知，爆炸覆层技术是用来沿着金属表面连接同样的或不同的材料。在爆炸覆层法中，由短时间的高压作用引起连接，因塑性变形引起金属一个表面相对另一个表面的距离为原子级的距离。一般说来，在结合区内不会达到熔融温度，所以这种方法也可以说是压焊法。爆炸覆层法还提供了连接金属的可能性，因为在熔焊的情况下，会导致脆性相的形成。当按照本发明选择耐磨层的材料时，可以防止在爆作覆层时出现混合区，并且可靠地获得有关工作表面（车轮在其上面行驶）耐磨性能的优点。应用轧制覆层具有相似的情况。
为耐磨层所选择的材料要满足电子束焊接所要求的前提，而电子束焊作为一个比较方案。只可应用含碳量相当低的材料作为电子束焊接的耐磨层，并且使用开头提出的耐磨层材料可以达到此要求的目的。并且当采用电子束焊接时，在那里产生只是很薄的连接层，因此基本上避免了不均匀性。在上述两种情况下，仍然是可焊性很好的钢基体，因而可以毫无困难地将辙岔同连接轨焊接。与已知的耐磨性特好的辙岔材料（例如奥氏体锰钢和高度改进的低合金钢）比较起来，上述的辙岔最容易和连接轨焊接，并且可以毫无困难地使用在现代铁路轨道的的焊接牢固的轨道中。此外，在对比中，无论是奥氏体锰钢，还是淬火和退火的低合金钢与轨条钢焊接时，由于接受到这些钢焊接性能的限制需要特殊的措施，所以焊接费用是相当昂贵的。
如果在施加了车轮要行驶的表面层以后，尤其是在用电子束焊接施加了上述的表面层以后，在350℃至450℃（最好是400℃）温度下经时效处理，可以进一步改善在用于车轮通过的表面层材料和基体件之间热连接的均匀性。在400℃温度下的时效处理还有额外的好处，即同时对有焊珠填满的间隙进行了去应力退火，值得注意的是基体材料本身包括在可焊性好的材料系列中。
通过上述的方法，用最佳的方法可以施加具有12毫米至25毫米厚度的工作表面，最好的厚为15毫米至20毫米。
因此，总的来说，这里分别提供了一种辙岔和一种翼轨，其中价格便宜、可焊性好的基体材料结合一层由耐磨性能优良的材料组成的表面层，该表面层体积小，因此对复合材料来说，重量也是轻的，该复合材料可用于车轮要驶过的区域内，并且可经受最大的应力。因此，有可能生产成本低廉的优质辙岔，而不需要更多的用于焊接铁路轨道的措施。尤其在采用爆炸覆层法来施加耐磨层和车轮要行驶的表面层时，爆炸覆层法能够做到比较薄的厚度层（15毫米），而在电子束焊接方法的情况下，施加的厚度大约等于20毫米，用以提供一定程度的烧损。当使用电子束焊接法时，首先必须考虑到0.03%的碳上限。但是当使用爆炸覆层法时，这种上限是不重要的。
Claims (3)
1、一种用以制造铁路道岔辙岔或受车轮冲击、位于道岔区域内的轨条件的方法，其中加工成车轮在其上面行驶的高耐磨表面层，即将如下化学成分
C 0.01至0.05% Ti 0.1至1%
Si 0.01至0.2% Cr 0至13%
Mn 0.01至0.2% Al 0至0.2%
Co 0 至15% B 0至0.1%
Mo 1.5 至6% Zr 0至0.1%
Ni 7至20%的时效硬化钢的高耐磨表面层施加在可焊性好的基体上，其特征在于通过在可焊性好的钢基体上，尤其是在含C≤0.24%、P和S分别≤0.04%、Si≤0.65%和Mn≤1.7%的钢基体上进行爆炸覆层或电子束焊接或轧制覆层，施加车轮行驶的表面层。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于在施加了车轮要行驶的表面层之后，并且尤其在用电子束焊接施加了上述的表面层以后，在350℃至450℃的温度下经时效处理，尤其在400℃进行时效处理。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于将车轮要行驶的表面层施加成12至25毫米的厚度，最理想的表面层厚度为15至20毫米。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0287386A AT387049B (de) | 1986-10-29 | 1986-10-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von weichenherzstuecken |
| ATA2873/86 | 1986-10-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87107554A true CN87107554A (zh) | 1988-05-11 |
| CN1005860B CN1005860B (zh) | 1989-11-22 |
Family
ID=3541660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87107554.7A Expired CN1005860B (zh) | 1986-10-29 | 1987-10-28 | 制造铁路道岔辙叉的方法 |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0269603B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPS63119992A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR920004548B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1005860B (zh) |
| AT (2) | AT387049B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU600316B2 (zh) |
| BG (1) | BG49502A3 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR8705751A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1313610C (zh) |
| DD (1) | DD263482A5 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3767982D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK165912C (zh) |
| EG (1) | EG18351A (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2021396B3 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI88518C (zh) |
| GR (1) | GR3001829T3 (zh) |
| IN (1) | IN167787B (zh) |
| MA (1) | MA21090A1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO167714C (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ221943A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL268345A1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT85959B (zh) |
| TN (1) | TNSN87119A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA877690B (zh) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102409265A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-04-11 | 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 | 轨道辙叉用合金钢 |
| CN102825434A (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 济钢集团有限公司 | 一种复合耐磨钢板生产方法 |
| CN106167871A (zh) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-30 | 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 | 一种不锈钢母合金材料及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU653436B2 (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1994-09-29 | Eric Sydney Murdoch Mcleod | Railway switch blade carrier |
| FR2700344B1 (fr) * | 1993-01-08 | 1995-03-31 | Cogifer | Procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément d'appareil de voie ferroviaire et élément en résultant. |
| FR2737739B1 (fr) * | 1995-08-10 | 1997-10-24 | Cogifer | Pointe mobile de coeur de croisement pour appareils de voie ferree de tres grande longueur, incorpores dans les longs rails soudes |
| DE19621018C1 (de) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-10-16 | Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh | Gleisoberbauteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen |
| DE19621017C1 (de) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-01-08 | Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gleisoberbauteils sowie Gleisoberbauteil |
| DE19721818A1 (de) * | 1997-05-26 | 1998-12-10 | Schreck Mieves Gmbh | Verschleißfestes Weichenteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verschleißfesten Weichenteils |
| DE10159516C5 (de) * | 2001-06-05 | 2010-08-05 | Josch Strahlschweißtechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer starren Herzstückspitze |
| SE531483C2 (sv) * | 2005-12-07 | 2009-04-21 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Sträng för musikinstrument innefattande utskiljningshärdande rostfritt stål |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE548761A (zh) * | 1955-07-06 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| GB1342582A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1974-01-03 | British Steel Corp | Rail steel |
| DE2363391A1 (de) * | 1973-12-20 | 1975-06-26 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren und anordnung zum verbinden von metallteilen |
| AT374846B (de) * | 1982-09-15 | 1984-06-12 | Voest Alpine Ag | Herzstueck, insbesondere herzstueckspitze, fuer schienenkreuzungen oder -weichen, sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| JPS60226901A (ja) * | 1984-04-24 | 1985-11-12 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 耐久性のすぐれたレ−ル |
-
1986
- 1986-10-29 AT AT0287386A patent/AT387049B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-09-25 NZ NZ221943A patent/NZ221943A/xx unknown
- 1987-09-25 IN IN766/CAL/87A patent/IN167787B/en unknown
- 1987-10-09 CA CA000548950A patent/CA1313610C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-13 ZA ZA877690A patent/ZA877690B/xx unknown
- 1987-10-14 EG EG592/87A patent/EG18351A/xx active
- 1987-10-15 AU AU79787/87A patent/AU600316B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-10-20 PT PT85959A patent/PT85959B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-21 ES ES87890232T patent/ES2021396B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-21 DE DE8787890232T patent/DE3767982D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-21 EP EP87890232A patent/EP0269603B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-21 AT AT87890232T patent/ATE60725T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-21 PL PL1987268345A patent/PL268345A1/xx unknown
- 1987-10-26 DD DD87308278A patent/DD263482A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-26 MA MA21331A patent/MA21090A1/fr unknown
- 1987-10-26 BG BG81529A patent/BG49502A3/xx unknown
- 1987-10-28 CN CN87107554.7A patent/CN1005860B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-10-28 BR BR8705751A patent/BR8705751A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-28 DK DK565687A patent/DK165912C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-28 FI FI874752A patent/FI88518C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-28 NO NO874501A patent/NO167714C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-28 JP JP62270519A patent/JPS63119992A/ja active Pending
- 1987-10-29 TN TNTNSN87119A patent/TNSN87119A1/fr unknown
- 1987-10-29 KR KR1019870011991A patent/KR920004548B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-04-23 GR GR91400514T patent/GR3001829T3/el unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102409265A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-04-11 | 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 | 轨道辙叉用合金钢 |
| CN102409265B (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-06-26 | 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 | 轨道辙叉用合金钢 |
| CN102825434A (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 济钢集团有限公司 | 一种复合耐磨钢板生产方法 |
| CN106167871A (zh) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-30 | 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 | 一种不锈钢母合金材料及其制备方法 |
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