CN1005860B - 制造铁路道岔辙叉的方法 - Google Patents

制造铁路道岔辙叉的方法 Download PDF

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CN1005860B
CN1005860B CN87107554.7A CN87107554A CN1005860B CN 1005860 B CN1005860 B CN 1005860B CN 87107554 A CN87107554 A CN 87107554A CN 1005860 B CN1005860 B CN 1005860B
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wheel
surface course
steel
track
frog
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CN87107554A (zh
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弗兰茨·罗特
罗伯特·皮尔克
恩斯特·斯洛特尔
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Voestalpine Railway Systems GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/10Frogs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08Explosive welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046Welding
    • B23K15/0086Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046Welding
    • B23K15/0093Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/10Frogs
    • E01B7/12Fixed frogs made of one part or composite

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Studio Circuits (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

在制造位于道岔区域内的受车轮冲击的铁路道岔辙岔或轨条段的方法中,包括将车轮在其上面行驶的、由如下化学成分C0.01至0.05% Cr0至13% Si0.01至0.2% Al0至0.2% Mn0.01至0.2% BO至0.1% Co0至15% Zr0至0.1% Mo1.5至6% Ni7至20% Ti0.1至1%组成的时效硬化钢的高耐磨表面层,在可焊性好的钢基体上,尤其是在含C≤0.24%、P和S分别≤0.04%、S≤0.65%和Mn≤1.7%的钢基体上通过爆炸覆层或电子束焊接或轧制覆层,施加车轮要行驶的表面层。

Description

制造铁路道岔辙岔的方法
本发明涉及制造道岔区域内受车轮冲击的铁路道岔辙岔或轨条段的方法,在此方法中,是将具如下化学成分:
C0.01至0.05% Cr0至13%
Si0.01至0.2% Al0至0.2%
Mn0.01至0.2% B0至0.1%
Co0至15% Zr0至0.1%
Mo1.5至6%
Ni7至20%
Ti0.1至1%
的时效硬化钢的高耐磨表面层施加在具良好可焊性的钢基体上,并让车轮在其上行驶。按欧洲专利(EP-A-105864)制造的辙岔是有名的,尤其是铁路交道道口或铁路道岔的钢质辙岔尖。准备行驶车轮的这些辙岔尖或辙岔表面层即由上述的时效硬化钢构成。当车轮从铁路翼轨行驶到岔尖上时,施加于辙岔尖上的应力特别大,并且随着轴向载荷的增加,尤其是随着车轮行驶速度的增加,应力可增高到无可比拟的程度,因此辙岔尖发生严重的变形,而这样的变形大大地缩短了辙岔的寿命。按照此EP-A专利,是将所述EP-A中所提出的材料通过堆焊施加在标准的轨条钢的基体上。用如此高耐磨钢生产整体辙岔是相当昂贵的,在供车轮通过的间隙区内和辙岔尖上使用结合有此种耐磨层的复合材料,就为在连接区内通过焊接该基体材料和/或该标准的轨条钢而完成连接提供了可能性,并且不会产生困难。可以在没有特别措施的条件下,使用电弧对焊机通过焊接来连接基体材料。按照上述已知的生产这种辙岔的方法,由于在标准的轨条钢的基体上堆焊制成耐磨层所用的材料,所以仍然存在困难,即若不同时降低质量,则无法完成均匀热连接。靠堆焊施加耐磨材料结果总是与基体材料产生相互混合,由于使用该方法产生或多或少的明显不均性区域。因此,当按照已知的堆焊方法操作时,就不可能充分利用耐磨层材料的优点。
本发明目的在于提供一种本文开头提到的方法,即根据一种热加工方法,可以使工作表面的材料与基体均匀地连接,从而提高辙岔的质量。尤其是,应该防止在辙岔件的不同材料之间或在轨条段的不同材料之间形成不均匀的边界层。为此,本发明方法的基本点在于通过在具良好可焊性的钢基体上,尤其是在含C≤0.24%、P和S分别≤0.04%、Si≤0.65%和Mn≤1.7%的钢基体上采用爆炸覆层或电子束焊接或轧制覆层法来施加车轮行驶的表面层。
众所周知,爆炸覆层技术是用来沿着金属表面连接相同的或不同的材料。在爆炸覆层法中,由短时间的高压作用引起连接,通过塑性变形使一个金属表面相对另一个表面的距离拉近为原子级的距离。一般的规律是,在结合区内并未达到熔融温度,所以这种方法也可以说是压焊法。爆炸覆层法还提供了连接金属的可能性,因为在熔焊的条件下,会导致脆性相的形成。当按照本发明选择耐磨层的材料时,可以防止在爆炸覆层时出现相互混合区,并且能使车轮在其上面行驶的工作表面可靠地获得耐磨性能方面的优点。应用轧制覆层具有相似的效果。
为耐磨层所选择的材料要满足电子束焊接所要求的前提。关于作为比较方案的电子束焊,只可应用含碳量相当低的材料作为电子束焊接的耐磨层,并且使用本文开头提出的耐磨层材料可以达到此要求的目的。并且当采用电子束焊接时,只是产生很薄的连接层,因此基本上避免了不均匀性。在上述两种情况下,加工后仍然是可焊性很好的钢基体,因而可以毫无困难地将辙岔同连接轨焊接。与已知的耐磨性特好的辙岔材料(例如奥氏体锰钢和高度改进的低合金钢)有很大不同,上述的辙岔很容易和连接轨焊接,因此可以毫无困难地使用在现代铁路轨道的的焊接牢固的轨道上。对比之下,无论是奥氏体锰钢,还是淬火和退火的低合金钢,在与轨条钢焊接时,由于这些钢的焊接性能的限制而需要特殊的措施,所以焊接费用是相当昂贵的。
如果在施加了让车轮行驶的表面层以后,尤其是在用电子束焊接施加了上述的表面层以后,在350℃至450℃(最好是400℃)温度经时效处理,可以进一步改善在让车轮通过的表面层材料和基体件之间热连接的均匀性。在400℃温度进行时效处理还有额外的好处,即同时对填充间隙的焊道进行了去应力退火,值得注意的是基体材料本身包括在可焊性好的材料系列中。
通过上述的方法,较好的方式可以施加厚度12毫米至25毫米厚度的工作表面,最好的厚度为15毫米至20毫米。
因此,总的来说,这里分别提供了一种辙岔和一种翼轨,其中将价格便宜、可焊性好的基体材料结合一层由耐磨性能极优的材料组成的表面层,该表面层体积小,因此对复合材料来说,重量也是轻的,该复合材料可用于让车轮驶过的区域内,并且可经受最大的应力。因此,有可能生产成本低廉的优质辙岔,而在焊接铁路轨道时,不需要额外的措施。尤其在采用爆炸覆层法来施加耐磨层和车轮要行驶的表面层时,爆炸覆层法能够做到比较薄的层厚度(15毫米),而在用电子束焊接方法的情况下,施加的厚度大约等于20毫米,用以提供一定程度的烧损量。当使用电子束焊接法时,首先必须考虑到0.03%碳的上限。但是当使用爆炸覆层法时,这种上限是不重要的。

Claims (11)

1、一种制造位于道岔区域内受车轮冲击的铁路道岔辙岔或轨条段的方法,在此方法中,是将如下化学成分:
C0.01至0.05% Ti0.1至1%
Si0.01至0.2% Cr0至13%
Mn0.01至0.2% Al0至0.2%
Co0至15% B0至0.1%
Mo1.5至6% Zr0至0.1%
Ni7至20%
的时效硬化钢的高耐磨表面层施加在具良好可焊性的钢基体上,并让车轮在其上行驶,其特征在于通过在含C≤0.24%、P和S分别≤0.04%、Si≤0.65%和Mn≤1.7%的可熔性好的钢基体上进行爆炸覆层或电子束焊接或轧制覆层,施加车轮行驶的表面层。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于在施加了让车轮行驶的表面层之后,在350℃至450℃温度进行时效处理。
3、根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于在施加了让车轮行驶的表面层之后,在400℃进行时效处理。
4、根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其特征在于施加让车轮行驶的表面层的厚度为12至25毫米,最理想表面层厚度为15至20毫米。
CN87107554.7A 1986-10-29 1987-10-28 制造铁路道岔辙叉的方法 Expired CN1005860B (zh)

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ATA2873/86 1986-10-29
AT0287386A AT387049B (de) 1986-10-29 1986-10-29 Verfahren zur herstellung von weichenherzstuecken

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JP (1) JPS63119992A (zh)
KR (1) KR920004548B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1005860B (zh)
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AU (1) AU600316B2 (zh)
BG (1) BG49502A3 (zh)
BR (1) BR8705751A (zh)
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DD (1) DD263482A5 (zh)
DE (1) DE3767982D1 (zh)
DK (1) DK165912C (zh)
EG (1) EG18351A (zh)
ES (1) ES2021396B3 (zh)
FI (1) FI88518C (zh)
GR (1) GR3001829T3 (zh)
IN (1) IN167787B (zh)
MA (1) MA21090A1 (zh)
NO (1) NO167714C (zh)
NZ (1) NZ221943A (zh)
PL (1) PL268345A1 (zh)
PT (1) PT85959B (zh)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101326568B (zh) * 2005-12-07 2011-08-03 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 音乐琴弦和包括所述琴弦的乐器

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AU653436B2 (en) * 1991-10-09 1994-09-29 Eric Sydney Murdoch Mcleod Railway switch blade carrier
FR2700344B1 (fr) * 1993-01-08 1995-03-31 Cogifer Procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément d'appareil de voie ferroviaire et élément en résultant.
FR2737739B1 (fr) * 1995-08-10 1997-10-24 Cogifer Pointe mobile de coeur de croisement pour appareils de voie ferree de tres grande longueur, incorpores dans les longs rails soudes
DE19621017C1 (de) * 1996-05-24 1998-01-08 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gleisoberbauteils sowie Gleisoberbauteil
DE19621018C1 (de) * 1996-05-24 1997-10-16 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Gleisoberbauteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen
DE19721818A1 (de) * 1997-05-26 1998-12-10 Schreck Mieves Gmbh Verschleißfestes Weichenteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verschleißfesten Weichenteils
DE10159516C5 (de) 2001-06-05 2010-08-05 Josch Strahlschweißtechnik GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung einer starren Herzstückspitze
CN102409265B (zh) * 2011-10-31 2013-06-26 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 轨道辙叉用合金钢
CN102825434B (zh) * 2012-09-24 2015-07-15 济钢集团有限公司 一种复合耐磨钢板生产方法
CN106167871A (zh) * 2016-07-08 2016-11-30 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 一种不锈钢母合金材料及其制备方法

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BE548761A (zh) * 1955-07-06 1900-01-01
GB1342582A (en) * 1970-03-20 1974-01-03 British Steel Corp Rail steel
DE2363391A1 (de) * 1973-12-20 1975-06-26 Krupp Gmbh Verfahren und anordnung zum verbinden von metallteilen
AT374846B (de) * 1982-09-15 1984-06-12 Voest Alpine Ag Herzstueck, insbesondere herzstueckspitze, fuer schienenkreuzungen oder -weichen, sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS60226901A (ja) * 1984-04-24 1985-11-12 新日本製鐵株式会社 耐久性のすぐれたレ−ル

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101326568B (zh) * 2005-12-07 2011-08-03 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 音乐琴弦和包括所述琴弦的乐器

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DK565687D0 (da) 1987-10-28
PL268345A1 (en) 1988-09-01
FI874752A (fi) 1988-04-30
DD263482A5 (de) 1989-01-04
EP0269603A2 (de) 1988-06-01
PT85959A (pt) 1988-11-30
CN87107554A (zh) 1988-05-11
DK165912C (da) 1993-06-28
KR920004548B1 (ko) 1992-06-08
ES2021396B3 (es) 1991-11-01
TNSN87119A1 (fr) 1990-01-01
FI874752A0 (fi) 1987-10-28
KR880005328A (ko) 1988-06-28
NO167714C (no) 1991-12-04
ATA287386A (de) 1988-04-15
DK565687A (da) 1988-04-30
ATE60725T1 (de) 1991-02-15
AU600316B2 (en) 1990-08-09
NO167714B (no) 1991-08-26
AT387049B (de) 1988-11-25
EP0269603B1 (de) 1991-02-06
EG18351A (en) 1993-02-28
BG49502A3 (en) 1991-11-15
NZ221943A (en) 1990-07-26
JPS63119992A (ja) 1988-05-24
DE3767982D1 (de) 1991-03-14
FI88518B (fi) 1993-02-15
GR3001829T3 (en) 1992-11-23
NO874501L (no) 1988-05-02
IN167787B (zh) 1990-12-22
NO874501D0 (no) 1987-10-28
MA21090A1 (fr) 1988-07-01
ZA877690B (en) 1988-04-19
DK165912B (da) 1993-02-08
FI88518C (fi) 1993-05-25
PT85959B (pt) 1993-07-30
AU7978787A (en) 1988-05-05
CA1313610C (en) 1993-02-16
EP0269603A3 (en) 1988-06-08
BR8705751A (pt) 1988-05-31

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