CN87104550A - 检测柱形管和棒上缺陷的方法及装置 - Google Patents

检测柱形管和棒上缺陷的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN87104550A
CN87104550A CN87104550.8A CN87104550A CN87104550A CN 87104550 A CN87104550 A CN 87104550A CN 87104550 A CN87104550 A CN 87104550A CN 87104550 A CN87104550 A CN 87104550A
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弗莱德海姆·施罗恩
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Abstract

本发明涉及检测柱形管和棒上不同位置的缺陷的一种方法,其中,样品在轴向上非转动地沿着确定的发送转换器和接收转换器延伸,在样品中,导向正切旋转脉冲波在节拍内产生并被接收,一个节拍里依次接收到的信号的幅值在一个计算机中得到处理,通过商比系数的建立以确定缺陷所在。接收信号以具有同一频率、适当的延续时间和起始延迟的形式与脉冲信号串同步,接收信号被送到峰值检波器,其幅值在计算机中进行数字化处理。

Description

本发明涉及一种按类别检测柱形管和棒上缺陷的方法及实现这种方法的装置。
德国专利公报2605405号中公布了一种方法,本发明中的建议就是根据这一方法提出的,并在此基础上作了进一步的发展。这种已知结构的优点在于,在样品中产生一音频振荡,特别是通过一电动式转换器产生,这转换器可以放在样品周围的不同位置上,并且不需要液体耦合,还避免了样品的旋转运动及超音频振荡,但事实证明,按上述发表的那样,只通过一个系数建立而在一个发射节拍内对显示读数进行处理是不可靠的。
由于在样品发射端会出现反向和干涉,从而它们对接收信号产生影响,使得不能接收到单一信号,因而对样品的性能没有衡量的标准;另外证实,只从两个最大幅值中得出的系数比对于统计干扰是非常灵敏的,在实际情况中,先把接收信号完全数字化,再寻找每个最大幅值,接着进行处理,这一做法很浪费时间。
本发明的任务是,提高此方法的检验速度,改善计算处理的可靠性。利用独立权利要求中的特征部分解决这一问题,并通过从属权利要求中的附加措施得到了进一步的改进,设备权项中的装置是实现该方法所用的。
由于同步产生脉冲信号,取消了传统装置中为寻找最大幅值而采用的接收信号完全数字化,更确切地说,根据现在的建议,在峰值检波器进行数字化处理的每个节拍中,只存在一个数字值对应于该节拍中最大幅值。因此,每个发送节拍中的数字值的评价量减少,从而可以对峰值序列作出详细的处理。特别是,可以形成一个发送周期之内的脉冲序列组并对之进行处理。
本方法只通过脉冲信号序列的选择,必要情况下对多种可能测试结构及样品也可通过脉冲延迟和脉宽的选择的调整进行检定。
特别是,如果发送转换器在样品中旋转脉冲波的激励之后又转换为接收转换器的话,将会出现很简单的结果。同样,也可以利用在样品上重叠放置两个变换器线圈来进行工作。如果变换器在待测体上互相相对放置,也得到很简单的比例关系,在所有这些结构中,都会出现在样品中沿两个方向的旋转载波的干涉,该波在每次循环中向接收端送去一个峰值,利用简单的方法可计算出节拍之内直至旋转脉冲波衰减的峰值序列。与上述结构相对,如果使发送或接收转换器大约半个载波波长位错排列,则在这个节拍之内同样可出现均匀的峰值序列。此外,若将发送转换器和接收转换器相对于样品互成90度放置,则可以形成一个很简单的峰值序列结构。然后,来自两个旋转方向的波交替到达接收转换器,并以完全一样的时间间隔形成一个峰值序列。
如果通过上述结构,在这个节拍内产生具有相同时间间隔的接收信号序列,则本方法工作如下:借助一个信号源产生一个脉冲信号,其频率与节拍内的峰值频率相同,其长度与可测的峰值序列的长度大致相符。脉冲信号串的形状和占空比要符合要求。一般来说,希望是简单的矩形信号。为使测量信号与脉冲信号串同步,驱动发送转换器的发送器和产生脉冲信号串的信号源受相同的节拍脉冲控制,这个节拍脉冲由节拍发生器或计算机产生,在这还考虑到使测量信号与脉冲信号串之间有一个可调的时间延迟。这样的一个接收信号由相对于时间轴19的图形1a表示。在同一时间轴上的图形1b表示脉冲信号串,形成的可调时间延迟与图中所示图形同步。因而,通过脉冲信号串的作用,峰值检波器总是在一个时间窗口中被激励,在这个窗口中可以等待到一个接收信号。峰值检波器保持在时间窗口中获得的峰值,直至在下一个时间窗口中获得一个新的最大值。将一个由脉冲信号串产生的触发信号送至模数转换器,转换器将峰值检波器的输出信号作数字化处理。在最简单的情况下,这一触发信号是通过脉冲信号串的时间延迟而产生的,最终数字值序列被读到一计算机中,计算机对整个序列进行计算处理,由峰值检波器给出的信号如图形1c所示。
本方法也可应用于样品上变换器非对称放置的情况,在这种情况下将产生一个具有不同时间间隔的峰值序列。不同的时间间隔可以这样产生,由转换器在样品中产生的超声波在样品中不仅以左旋而且以右旋的形式传播,而两个波列不同时到达接收转换器;或者是,两个波列中的一个不是正好滞后另一个的半个循环周期而到达接收器,如同转换器互成90度放置的情况那样。这个一般的方法将通过图2和3所示的实施例作进一步的说明。
图3示出装置的配备和发送转换器4及接收转换器6在样品5上的安排,在这里涉及到电动式转换器,它从发送转换器4起右旋一个介于90-180度之间的角度。在这样一种结构中,为一检定的起始,计算机1给信号源2一个起始节拍的触发信号,信号源将信号通过发送放大器3送给发送转换器4的线圈。发送转换器在样品5中产生引导波,该波以右旋和左旋的形式沿样品表品均匀传播。接收转换器6首先接收到样品5中的右旋波的信号,它在图2a中由时候轴20上的21来表示。然后,左旋波的信号被接收转换器6接收,这个信号由图2a中的22表示。通过波的继续旋转,又接收到信号23、25直至35和信号24、26直至36。这些信号在前置放大器7和放大器8中进行窄频带放大,并可以送给观测部分9。放大后的信号还通过整流器10和低通滤波器11送入峰值检波器12。
计算机产生的用于起始检验的触发信号还通过一个延迟网络13到达信号源14,它向峰值检波器提供在计算机处理中必需的同步脉冲信号串,这个脉冲信号串由图2b所示,它通过下一个延迟网络15作为触发信号送入模数转换器16,模数转换器将峰值检波器的输出信号数字化(见图2C)。数字值数据被读入计算机中并在计算机中进行计算处理。其结果产生于标记单元17和记录或存储单元18。
计算机1还能对所需装置编程,以适应短时间内电力的大小变化。
根据本发明,计算机是根据数值序列进行计算处理的,而不是只考虑到一个或两个数值。从迅速而准确地进行计算处理的观点来说,首先要建立起始峰值序列的多个峰值的和,因此这里的第一个单独值也应是可靠的。例如,先是前两个峰值幅度之和被证明是可靠的。接着,在几次旋转周期之后,形成后续多个峰值幅度的和。如果20个峰值是可测的,则这个和可以假设为包括8-20个峰值的幅值。然后,以两个求和值中求得商比系数,该系数作为确定检验部分样品质量的衡量尺度。这种处理方法的特殊优点是:因为只需进行几次求和与一次商比系数形成,所以所占用的计算时间很少。因此,检验的速度不是由计算处理所占用的时间决定,而是由超声波在待测区域传播所必需的时间决定。通过商比系数的建立,可以消除来自发送转换器或接收转换器的耦合波动,因为这种耦合波动要影响总的被测幅度,但不改变峰值序列的包络线形状。经过求和,特别是经过对多次循环的幅度求和,受已提及的边缘效应(在样品端部出现的反向和干涉)影响的峰值序列的结构将变得很均衡,接收信号的随机噪声也将大大地降低。
所述的衡量尺度在计算机中与一个极限值进行比较,若超过极限值,则可以向缺陷标志发出一个信号。通过前两个峰值和与一个预定临界值的比较,可以进一步实现转换器的提升控制。

Claims (3)

1、检测柱形管和棒上不同位置的缺陷的方法,其中,样品在轴向上非转动地沿着确定的发送转换器和接收转换器延伸,在样品中,导向正切旋转脉冲波在节拍内产生并被接收,一个节拍里依次接收到的信号的幅值在一个计算机中得到处理,通过商比系数的建立以确定缺陷所在,其特征在于,接收信号以具有同一频率、适当的延续时间和起始延迟的形式与脉冲信号串同步,接收信号被送到峰值检波器,其幅值在计算机中进行数字化处理。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在计算机中以连续的幅值组之和完成商比系数的建立。
3、实现根据权利要求1或2的方法的装置,其特征在于,沿样品传送轨迹固定放置的发送转换器(4)(例如电动式转换器)与供给计算机(1)触发脉冲的一个脉冲信号串发生器(14)相连,接收转换器(6)与脉冲信号串输出端通过一个峰值检波器(12)相连,峰值检波器又与计算机相接。
CN87104550A 1986-07-03 1987-07-01 检测圆管和棒上缺陷的方法及装置 Expired CN1012848B (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1095560C (zh) * 1993-10-19 2002-12-04 富士通株式会社 修改汉字转换结果的系统
CN102323336A (zh) * 2011-06-08 2012-01-18 沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司 棒材超声波检测时缺陷反射回波的识别方法

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GB8715325D0 (en) 1987-08-05
DE3622500C2 (zh) 1991-03-21
GB2192283B (en) 1990-02-14
AR241824A1 (es) 1992-12-30
MX168706B (es) 1993-06-04
GB2192283A (en) 1988-01-06
JP2622970B2 (ja) 1997-06-25
FR2601140A1 (fr) 1988-01-08
IT1204513B (it) 1989-03-03
IT8720067A0 (it) 1987-04-10
DE3622500A1 (de) 1988-01-07
CN1012848B (zh) 1991-06-12
FR2601140B1 (fr) 1990-07-27
JPS6327749A (ja) 1988-02-05
KR880002014A (ko) 1988-04-28
US4817431A (en) 1989-04-04

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