CN86103258A - Microbial fertilizer and soil improvement agent - Google Patents

Abstract

At bio-feritlizer is that concentrated culture with many different bacterium is mixed in a kind of culture medium that is suitable for organic-biological amount propagation, then with the granule packing or be packaged in the bag, to be suitable for agricultural application and soil improvement.Preparation method system utilizes the waste liquid in alcohol distillation and other foodstuffs industry processing, with each bacterial isolates that ferments.Through continuously stirring and ventilation, make bacterial population in each fermentor tank be increased to enough levels after, concentrate bacterial cultures and dehydration, and then mix with the organic substratum of augmenting that suits with about 1 to 10 ratio.This system obviously improves the fertility of its soil of executing.

Description

Microbial fertilizer and soil improvement agent

The present invention relates to agricultural biological fertilizer composition and use and be mixed in the production method that organic many different bacterium bacterial strains of augmenting in the substratum carry out relevant fertilizer.Particularly, each bacterial isolates is to obtain in the environment of suitable growth velocity nutraceutical separately being suitable for most it.Most of different bacterial culturess combine with organic culture medium of augmenting after their growths and concentrating, to form bio-feritlizer.

Mostly the market practice of modern agriculture production all over the world is to depend on a large amount of chemical fertilizer, sterilant and weedicide, and had proved every acre yield that can increase agriculture cereal greatly already at present.But this effect is a short-term, has proved that these methods need annual or repetitive administration agrochemical substances more continually, can keep high productivity.

The research that USDA is announced just concentrates the agricultural production practice of using chemical substance that the long-term effect of U.S.'s various places soil fertility level is monitored.These research work were carried out more than 25 years, had comprised the statistical analysis to various agricultural pedotheque in the U.S. different weathers region.

For most applications, these studies show that after through the concentrated use chemical substance in three to five years the natural fertility of soil significantly descends along with annual continuous administration chemical substance.The result of this decline must strengthen the amount of application of chemical fertilizer gradually for every year all keeps high yield.So just caused expense to increase and quicken whole declines of soil.This specific question is the most serious in rainy area, temperate zone.For example in Brazil, when rainforest ground is opened up wasteland and carried out field management with modern chemistry agricultural planting method, the natural soil fertility consequence of decline has rapidly appearred then.Finally be in five to ten years, the value of Agricultural land is all exhausted totally.Some soil is obviously barren, becomes barren land, even after abandoning famine, can not grow rainforest again.

Though the research work of USDA and Brazil is carried out respectively, has all obtained same believable basic scientific research achievement.Under situation separately, cause that the details of Soil degradation is identical with root; Different is in the less area of temperate zone rainfall amount, and these processes take place slowly and be gentle.

Observe in each research, the natural soil fertility descends and has increased the reason of chemical fertilizer with the dependence of artificial method, comprises because of the detrimentally affect of administered with high dose chemical substance to the activity generation of natural microorganisms group in the soil.Be present in natural microorganism-fungi and bacterium, by its nutrient substance recycle system, the mode that plant is facilitated the use obtains various elements, mineral substance and nutrient substance.

Along with the evolution of soil profile, the different soils type under the different weather condition has been set up their specific microbial population at nature for many years.The delicate balance of many kinds has been represented in the combination of these colonies.Each microbial population is by its chemical reaction, generation can be the most complete and effectively with the interactional whole cluster activity of physico chemical factor that is present in the special soil.Developed the complicated ecosystem in the soil, wherein type of microorganism and number are that physics, electrochemical conditions with their microenvironments in soil balances each other.

Agrochemical substances is because to the destruction of the chemical equilibrium of having set up in the soil to the long-term disintegration of these natural microfloras.According to the special condition and the specific type of microorganism and chemical reaction, to the severity of this effect of any specific soil, possible low weight also have very serious that has.In the soil of warm and moist, physics of microorganism and chemical reaction take place the rapidlyest, than even more serious and rapid in temperate climate, microbial metabolism is carried out slowlyer in moderate climate to the destruction of chemical equilibrium, and some months being arranged in 1 year may be almost dormancy.Yet in all cases, this imbalance makes the circulation of round-robin mineral substance and nutrient substance with it and be that the resulting efficient of plant temporarily or for good and all reduces by action of microorganisms, use more fertilizer thereby needing to cause every year, keeping high yield, thereby increased cost and destroyed the chemical equilibrium of soil more seriously.

Observed the small group of soil described as follows destructive special sign:

1. the sum that is present in the microbial population in certain specific soil generally reduces.

2. the microorganism of some crucial kind is all eliminated from colony or disappears.

3. the per-cent and the absolute quantity of the microbial species of representative residue obviously change.

4. the multiple biochemical reaction of soil generation and process reduce or simplify.

5. with soluble form bonded, or the micro-nutrients that exists with unusual other form that maybe can not be plant obtains and the per-cent of chemical substance increase.

6. show by carbon and nitrogen cycle data that whole nutrient substance round-robin speed entirely slows down.

7. the organism total content reduces gradually in the soil.

8. the gas exchange rate between soil and the atmosphere reduces.

The net result of these processes is comprehensive declines of soil fertility, comprises that the exhaustion, organic substance of available trace mineral reduces, and can be carbon and the nitrogen reduction that form that plant assimilated and utilized exists.The important reaction that some are special, the fixed nitrogen reaction of carrying out as the soil microorganisms that is lived by free all is badly damaged.

Microbial fertilizer of the present invention and soil improvement agent are a kind of mixed fertilizer of formulated, can be applied to multiple soil and plant variety.This fertilizer contains the blended microbial population, wherein selects microorganism by setting up the small group of soil stable on the kinetics, to be suitable for the nutrient substance utilization and to improve soil fertility.In addition, this product contains and can stablize and cushion the inorganic of microbial population and organotrophy composition.These supplementary components itself also are very useful to soil.Though available various method is made bio-feritlizer, a kind of suitable especially method is to utilize by the waste liquid of discharging in the ethanol distillation course of processing.Thereby the serious environmental pollutent is become valuable organic biofertilizer product.

This production method at first is that the nutrient solution that is suitable for is adjusted to the pH value that is suitable for microorganism growth.Then nutrient solution is imported the flash distillation Sterilizers, import multiple different fermentor tank thus, continuously stirring and to wherein feeding the gas be suitable for contained bacterial isolates growth in each jar most.The bacterial strain that can contain more than one in each fermentor tank is as long as each bacterial strain can be grown together compatible with each otherly.Certainly, bacterial strain incompatible with each other should be cultivated in different jars.Microorganism species is concentrated behind the level of significance, the content of fermentor tank can be concentrated on one mix alone and settled jar in.Then the portion water decant of mixing tank is gone out, simultaneously remaining slurry is imported the center drying machine, further reduce water-content again.Import another mixing pit with formed bacterial biomass this moment, at there and organic substratum of augmenting, is suitable for combining with bacterial biomass bonded matrix as muck and other.Further afterwards dry bonded biological fertilizer products, and/or make it to form granule, carry out later processing treatment again, be packaged into and be convenient to the biological product that agricultural goes up use.

Fig. 1 is the schema of production the present invention's bio-feritlizer.

Fig. 2 A, B, C and D are the functions as the time, and the nitrogen reservation amount in the various soil is compared.

When Fig. 3 A and B system use dissimilar fertilizer, represent the relative growth rate of corn and wheat respectively.

When Fig. 4 A and B were to use dissimilar fertilizer, as the function of time, the crop yield data to corn and wheat compared respectively.

After Fig. 5 is presented at and adds bacterium in soil, the funtcional relationship of zinc activation and time when the different bacterium level is arranged in the soil.

Work flow with reference to shown in Figure 1 can be well understood to bio-feritlizer production of the present invention.Method discussed in this article is several one of methods of producing thing fertilizer next life that effectively utilize.Why effective especially this ad hoc approach is, is because the original useless waste liquid that it utilizes ethanol distillation to produce.At first this effluent liquid is fed hold-up vessel 10, and then the pH of the content of jar 10 can be adjusted to about 6.8 ± 0.3 to wherein adding chemical substance.Generally get final product with lime or calcium hydroxide adjustment.The sugared content that flows out flow container should be corrected to about 6% ± 1%.For this reason, if necessary can be to wherein adding cane molasses or citrus molasses.To import habitual flash distillation sterilising plant 12 through the solution of suitably adjusting then, be present in microbial population in the effluent liquid with destruction.To import a plurality of fermentor tanks (being denoted as 14,16,18 and 20 among the figure respectively) by many pipelines through the effluent liquid of sterilization again.Each fermentor tank all is equipped with stirring or mixes instrument 22.In addition, each jar also is equipped with the pressurized air blow and vent system, comprising an air compressor 24, pressurized air infeeded air compartment 26, deflated by a plurality of airlines 28,30,32 and 34 by air compartment, thereby is respectively jar 14,16,18 and 20 ventilations.In this four can system, find that following bacterial mixture can growth effectively in following each jar.In fermentor tank 14, blended actinomycetes and schizomycete bacterial strain are together grown with useful fungi.Growth is vinelandii in the fermentor tank 16, as Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas and aerobacter.Growth is sulphur and general nutrient substance transformed bacteria in the fermentor tank 18, as Thiobacillus, bacterial strain of bacillus and there is not Thiobacillus (Athiobacter).20 of fermentor tanks contain the bacterial strain of trace element important in the activating soil effectively.These bacterium all are the bacterial strains of metabolism metal.Be envisioned that these special bacterial isolateses should be to be suitable for the special service requirements that those are furnished with agricultural district bio-feritlizer source mill, certain most.In this specification sheets aft section with the selection and the cultural method that discuss about these specific types of metals metabolism bacterium.This bacterioid can include colourless sulphur Pseudomonas (Achromatiaceae), Jia Shi handspike Bacillaceae (Gallionella), Metallogenium (Metallogenium), Thiodendron (Thicdendron), Caulobacter (Caulcbacter) and Leptothrix (Leptothrix).

Through fully fermenting process is finished in ventilation and stirring.This can be by keeping dissolved CO ₂Measure and make O ₂Surpass the 10ppm level of excessive unconjugated dissolved oxygen and measure expediently.General ventilation and stir about carried out 40 hours, and perhaps biomass reaches every milliliter 10 approximately in jar ¹⁰Till the bacterial cell density of individual cell.In case reach this cell density, be about to jar content and mix and slurry tank 40 by the center that different pipelines import bacterial biomass.When biomass sinks to the bottom of jar 40, promptly pump with the liquid of decanting pump 42 with the tank top, in case of necessity it is further used as liquid waste disposal.Yet this waste liquid has been clear to about 250 numerical value with regard to its biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.) level.By slurry conveyer 44 sedimentary bacterial biomass is imported one or more centrifugal driers 46 by mixing and slurry tank 40.Via the biomass slurry that conveyer 44 imports, before it enters centrifugal drier 46, generally removed nearly 40% of its volume by decanting pump 42.Make about 30 minutes of general centrifugal drier 46 runnings then, to remove as dark one deck, other 40% of the slurry volume of waste liquid.Further waste liquid leaves centrifugal drier by pipeline 48.The horizontal prevailing value of the B.O.D. of this waste liquid is approximately less than 500.Then remaining bacterial biomass is imported an additional mixing tank 52 by conveyer 50, also feed organic substratum of augmenting by pipeline 54 in this jar, it is about 10 to 1 with the ratio of bacterial biomass.Make bacterial biomass and organic substratum of augmenting in this jar 52, be mixed into tight admixture then.The blended biological fertilizer products is sent to next group air blast drying machine by jar 52,, humidity is remained on about 15% to adjust humidity from the material of jar 52.The temperature of air blast drying machine should be no more than 50 ℃.The product that is come out by the air blast drying machine is introduced next step handler again, and product is packed or make granule, so that agriculture human consumer uses.

Then the bio-feritlizer that makes is applied to various Different Soil expediently, improves soil fertility and microbiology environment wherein significantly.Bio-feritlizer of the present invention also can be applied to the farmland for many years, and those long-term deleterious effects of decaying that do not caused as common nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) fertilizer of having noticed.In fact, bio-feritlizer of the present invention grows up in order to overcome the shortcoming of using conventional chemical fertilizer to be occurred in the world wide just.

In the agrochemistry practice, the rainwater leaching and the losing issue of applied nitrogen are heavy losses factors, and this also is the major cause of the compound polluted river of the excess nitrogen surface water simultaneously.The U.S. studies show that, these nitrogenous compounds may have carcinogenesis.

In soil, use the special bacterial strain of nitrogen transformation bacterium, can cause this excessive soluble nitrogen to be converted into bacterium combining form, can stop the leaching and the loss of water.Owing to excess nitrogen is converted into these stable forms, can reaches by nitrification, the nitrogen transformation of nitrogen natural processes such as organic nitrogen fixation are stablized the excessive NH that is applied to soil ₃Soluble nitrogen is changed into insoluble form, can in than common agricultural, be released to plant in the observed longer time with certain manipulated variable.Fig. 2 a, b, c and d compared with or the pretreated situation of specific culture without bacterium under, the hold-up of total nitrogenous fertilizer of using to sandy soil.

By increasing the original bulk of nitrate free nitrate in the reduction soil that is converted of immobilization organonitrogen,, can make the leaching of the excess nitrogen of executing and rapid minimizing of running off then by the activity of microorganism component in the soil.Therefore the nitrogen of being used is through being converted into organic form, and is stable in the soil effectively.By natural ammonfication, make combination nitrogen slowly and equably be released to environment.Fig. 2 a and c promptly contrast with regard to above-mentioned situation especially, wherein have a kind of free soluble nitrogen in same sandy soil.

Can clearly be seen that by these data, when applied nitrogen, can utilize microbial process, be present in excessive soluble nitrogen compound in the soil this moment by improving immobilization process " catching ".So just, can stop losing of the flushing of water and institute's nitrogen fertilizer application that leaching causes, and because the fixed organonitrogen is converted into soluble form again by natural ammonfication in fact, and a transmission system that regularly discharges is provided.

Because it is big to make expense height, the energy consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer, so use a kind of simple approach, promptly use the utilization ratio that the bacterium product improves these chemical productss, this is favourable economically.Estimate because the leaching of water and flushing are run off, have 30～50% nitrogen fertilizer application to be wasted approximately in the U.S. according to USDA.Shown in Fig. 2 a, b, c and d,,, can make this loss reduce to 15% or 20% by using the bacterium alive that to improve the ammonia process simultaneously even on sandy soil.

Completed one group of similar studies show that, the micro nutrient deficit of using in the arable land of chemical substance is a more and more serious problem.In the U.S., wherein zinc and sulphur deficiency are the most general.The research of USDA is pointed out, be the obvious shortage of trace metal (as zinc) in the situation more than 60% nearly in the soil micro-nutrients, this shortage is not owing to do not have a this element fully, but since it with a kind of can not be due to the resulting unsuitable chemical species of plant exists.Have enough micro-nutrients to exist, but be with a kind of can not be that the chemical species that plant was utilized exists.

These results of study show, by being converted into the chemically bonded of element, unavailable form solvable and chemically can utilizing form, can make the incidence decline of micro nutrient deficit in the agricultural soil reach 50%.The enzymic process of microorganism is only currently known methods of these reactions in the catalysis soil seemingly.

Can turn out the special bacterial strain of metal solubilising bacterium with the enrichment culture technology.The initial incubation isolate be by natural enrichment collected by the place of the compound of metabolism.This can be finished most effectively at mine refuse leaching bed place, for example, and useful metallic elements that this has located soil enrichment.

Containing the high-content culturing bacterium bacterial strain that goes down to posterity repeatedly on by the defined medium of the element of metabolism or compound, finish culture enrichment chosen process.This continuous passage that may need 6 months to 1 year is cultivated.

In order to ensure the survival of final cultures in the natural soils environment, in the greenhouse soil sample, apply and contain 5 * 10 approximately ⁸50 milliliters of broth cultures of cells/ml.Then these samples are imported the compound of labelled with radioisotope, these compounds represented the micronutrient element (Zn, S, Fe, Se etc.) of described chemically common insoluble form.By the release of the solubility isotopic label in the pedotheque leacheate in 4 day time, observe culture and insoluble compound can be converted into soluble form.

In this way, can in soil, develop the bacterial cultures of the conversion reaction that can finish special elements.After beginning plantation or plantation, handle soil in the week by Zn-activation culture thing, can improve plant growth significantly with live microorganism.

In this product that is applied to specific soil of development, needn't carry out the genetic engineering of bacterial isolates.From rich soil with mix that isolated these bacterial isolateses are natural, harmless fully and are according to the flora interoperability the fertilizer, and finish that the total capacity of the soil reactions such as fixed nitrogen, nitrogen stabilization and micro-nutrients activation of expection selects.

Microorganism biological fertilizer product of the present invention provides the important bacterial classification and a kind of mixture that helps its mushroom special organic compound of soil microorganisms alive for soil, this product charm price economically carries out production and selling.Test-results shows that this product will help to keep and recover the natural fertility of those soil that use this product regularly.

This product can use separately, also can be used in combination with traditional chemical fertilizer, and its overhead cost is equal to or less than the cost of independent use chemical fertilizer.Three kinds of different operational versions of ubi infra.Though still there is not trial edition product under tropicalization so far, and can carry out little preparation changes to obtain maximum effectiveness under tropical climate and edaphic condition, but can be confident in saying that fully, that compares has been proved under temperate climate that this product should be proved to be it and more help tropical soil.To this, address as preceding, because the certified fact is under tropicalization, the importance of the microorganism active in the soil is more much bigger.The seriousness of Brazil's problem proves, that the chances are is impossible for the modern agriculture of development intensive cultivation stably under tropical climate and edaphic condition, unless certain biological organic soil replenishment system is provided.

This fact has been familiar with by people since several centuries in Asia area, and the small scale-farm of there development all is to depend on muck traditionally or the dunghill system is finished this function.Unfortunately, though these methods are very effective to small-scale production,, accepted by the production of extensive modern agriculture not very easily with regard to its labour intensity situation.Comprise on a large scale and produce, manage and use as the problem of materials such as hybrid composting very greatly, make it must develop more effective and practical system, can interact with the modern agriculture practice.

The U.S. and external technical specialist and agronomist thereof very understand a kind of effective organic biofertilizer product of needs.Fully prove the deleterious effect of continuous administration high dosage chemical fertilizer on soil in the U.S., Brazil and India.Runjab, Cujarat and other area in India, and Amazon River basin and Brazil, soil toxicity has become agrological serious problems.Soil toxicity is to use the result that the chemical pesticide product causes chemical pH imbalance in the soil in a large number.

Nowadays Chang Yong biological fertilizer products comprises the bacterium product (as root nodule bacterium, azolla or blue green alga) of muck, hybrid composting and special producing.Muck and hybrid composting tradition were used existing thousands of years, and its value is indubitable.Yet its supply can not satisfy the needs of intensive cultivation.

Special bacterium product is not used widely, and the successful use various places of these products are also slightly different.In general, this situation is owing to production process control difference causes product quality bad, or uses knowledge and improper use because the part peasant lacks.For example, Herba azollae imbricatae and blue green alga are only useful to paddy rice, when being used for arid soil or then not being worth during irrigated crop.Root nodule bacterium are only useful to leguminous crop.Plants such as pea, Kidney bean, root of Szemao crotalaria and peanut can be incorporated into this bacterium in the root nodule of special formation.Wheat, corn, rice, sugarcane, cotton and other non-leguminous crop such as vegetables can not be subjected to the favourable influence of root nodule bacterium.Except in legume nodule, root nodule bacterium can not grow and play a role.

Because the peasant is short in understanding to these restrictions, add over producer aspect quality product and distribute the bad problem that causes, cause generally bad to the evaluation of these biological fertilizer products.Some government organs take measures for this reason, and control is produced comprehensively and strictly, distribute and carry out relevant use knowledge education, so that these products can more effectively be utilized.

All these three kinds of microorganism biological fertilizer all are diazotroph basically.Their effect is to be free on airborne atmospheric nitrogen (N ₂) being converted into can be by plant absorbing and utilization.Soluble nitrogen (NH ₃), unfortunately, when being applied to soil as pure growth, then survival rate is low, and nitrogen-fixing efficiency even lower.This is because the pure culture bacterium is difficult to already present compound and microbial balance in the adapted soil as the adventive body.

The survival rate and the active efficient that are incorporated into the bacterium in hybrid composting and the muck are then much higher.In these cases, bacterium has been used as a colony and has been present in other kind microorganism buffering in hybrid composting and the muck.Second ballast that helps surviving is in the balance that has the organic and inorganic chemistry material of having set up with microorganism in as the muck of moiety or hybrid composting.These factors are intended to cushion accepts a new edatope, and promotes the survival of the bacterium of new introducing.

With regard to this point, product of the present invention is similar in appearance to muck or hybrid composting bio-feritlizer.It is the colony of microorganism on kinetics, particularly cooperates existence, the growth kept mutually each other in soil, and finishes some valuable nutrition conversion reactions.

Not only comprise the fixed nitrogen reaction in these reactions, also comprise the priming reaction of nitrogen stabilization reactions and some micro-nutrients.This colony is incorporated into and can and physically cushions in its organic substrate at chemistry, makes it existence and the maximum keep alive rate must be arranged.In addition, also the same at hybrid composting and muck, some nutrient substances and important organic composition can be stored in the soil.

Organic composition in the fertilizer component also can increase effective pot life of this product.Be contained in after the manufacturing in the plastics bag, can survive 6 months to 1 year, pure by contrast cultivation bacterium (as root nodule bacterium) then can only survive 2～4 months.In this respect, because just be compounded with the balance of chemistry and biology during our product design, so more also be more novel product with hybrid composting.

This bio-feritlizer and soil improvement agent product, can preferentially use with one of following three kinds of different modes:

1. this product can share with chemical nitrogen or phosphate base fertilizer, cuts the harmful effect of these products to soil to support.In this way use, the buffer reagent that this product can be used as a kind of reinforced soil microbial population uses, and prevent deleterious long-term attenuation, so that by the unlikely serious imbalance of introducing due to the chemical fertilizer that causes the soil microorganisms flora of chemical loss of equilibrium to soil fertility.Test under the temperate climate condition shows, uses to contain 15～25%(weight) this product, all the other mixtures as standard chemical fertilizer, to obtain crop yield identical with use 100% chemical fertilizer product.In addition, use bio-feritlizer/chemical fertilizer mixture not observe and comprise aforementioned those 8 signs the soil fertility attenuation.Because this product price is similar to chemical fertilizer or more cheap, all suit economically with on the science so use like this.Another advantage of this using method is, when the microorganism of the work in the biological product is used with chemical fertilizer, can act on the nitrogen and the phosphate component of chemical fertilizer rapidly, make it to water resisting leaching and loss effect, and the latter's main root of agrochemistry fertilizer system efficiency difference just.

2. this product can not have under other fertilizer situation the soil that is used to cultivate intensely.In this case, more obvious to the advantageous effect of soil, and can make that dead soil recovers fertility again along with regularly carrying out this processing.Though in initial 1～2 year, the crop yield of the lean soil of Chu Liing in this way is lower slightly than the soil of carefully having used chemical fertilizer, but after having crossed 3～5 years soil fertility recoveries, just can remedy the loss of the first two years, after this soil promptly no longer relies on heavy dose of chemical fertilizer and keeps throughput.In view of the long-term increase of chemical fertilizer price from now on, add because soil becomes barren gradually, and increasing to the usage quantity of these fertilizer, this just makes people that bio-feritlizer is paid attention to more, and only avoid to these chemical fertilizer economically and basis biologically.

3. can be on untilled soil, or concentrate interval in sowing and to use this product, to recover and to improve the original situation of soil.Make in this way, this product can promote the microbial population balance in reconstruction rapidly and the recovery soil, also makes soil set up dynamic (dynamical) chemical equilibrium simultaneously.The result recovers the natural fertility of soil rapidly, to compensate by the caused infringement of original use chemical substance.Soil can return to normal fertility state by nearly half barren state in a growth season, and produces a fertile soil condition by the micropopulation of its kinetic balance.With chemically unavailable form bonded trace mineral, by the biological action of microorganism, can be released, and can be utilized at first by plant.The natural nitrogen fixation of the Azotobacter of free existence increases more than 100% in the temperate soil, and the organic carbon total content significantly increases.In same test, the nutrient substance recirculation efficient increase that demonstrates soil respiration and generation thereupon reaches 200%.In addition, also observe in two years, comprise Soil structure, tilth, air permeability and suitable character such as moisture retention the favourable influence of soil physical.

Sugar/molasses brew alcoholic beverages and profoundly recognize the problem of liquid waste disposal in the industry.Producing alcohol by sugar/molasses and can produce a large amount of waste liquids, approximately is 15 times of the alcohol produced.Like this, produce 1,000 liter of alcohol, then will produce about 15,000 liters of waste liquids as distillation every day.In India, have and produce the distillation brewery of nearly 30,000 liters of alcohol and 4500,000 liters of waste liquids more than 150 every day.

Handling and thisly have very high organic composition and be rich in sulphur and the waste liquid of potassium, is a great environmental problem.For example in the carbohydrogenic area of many lifes, the sugar industry waste liquid is the water pollution source problem that is only second to the urban water system.Because organic content is very high in the waste liquid, comprise nearly 10% sugar sometimes, so when introducing river or other water source indirectly, promptly cause a very high biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.).The rapid consumption of oxygen, except that water is unsuitable for human the use, can cause anoxic or hypoxgia condition in the water, fish and other aquatic organism can not be survived, in addition, dye the water that this waste liquid is arranged and also have distinctive, undesirable molasses sulphur flavor and yellow color.

Attempted already waste liquid is carried out floor treatment.If not before being applied to soil, waste liquid being neutralized and dilution, can produce the soil toxicity problem rapidly, can cause the gross recession of soil property and fertility.This consequence is observed repeatedly in Brazil, and there was once made extensive floor treatment, but failed.

On the other hand, the dilution waste liquid causes waste liquid amount excessive, and so big volume deals with needs many acres soil.Also have, though with the waste liquid continuous administration that do not deal with through dilution in soil, can be penetrated into the substratum of soil, cause phreatic pollution.At all water near the ground treatment zone, because waste liquid diafiltration and leaking in the sublayer water, and make it to produce distinctive yellow color and undesirable smell and taste.In view of these reasons, this method for treating waste liquid no matter to soil still to water, all be unsafty.On the other hand because in the waste liquid enrichment organic and contain the nutrient substance of enough support microorganism growth, so approach very much the ideal culture medium of large scale culturing certain micro-organisms.

This material can be suitable for carrying out the anaerobic lixiviate, to produce methane.But this class methane production system is unstable economically, and the result is always very not reliable.Moreover though reduced the B.O.D. that flows out material by degradation of organic matter process in the waste liquid, the volume of discharging does not become yet.

At last, a large amount of nutrient substances are discharged in the water source as refuse after methane conversion.In addition, stimulated the organism excessive increase because the nutrient substance of these discharges enters the water source, can cause potentially that the downstream organism is excessive, this is as the consequence that former refuse itself is caused.This situation is relatively hour more outstanding at the water source volume of accepting effluent discharge.This moment, the B.O.D value still remained on a unacceptable high level.

Waste liquid is converted into the practical studies of useful economically product, comprises that also nutrient substance in the waste liquid and organic substance are incorporated into the exploitation of this technology in the product that can be used for increasing agricultural soil fertility.

Technology of the present invention can be competed mutually with the technology of utilizing waste liquid to produce methane most effectively economically, and the product with economical efficiency of its production has caused the great attention of agricultural industry department.For methane production, the B.O.D. of waste liquid drops to 85%; But present technique reduces by 95% with B.O.D., and cumulative volume reduces by 60% simultaneously.In this production technique, the part that to produce economically feasible product gross investment be the methane conversion industrial investment.

Following test-results has shown the potential value of the fertilizer product that is used for agricultural.

The microorganism nitrogen stabilization is summed up

At co-administered culture hybrid composting and urea or NPK(24-16-20) after the blended microbial fertilizer,, analyze soluble nitrogen and total nitrogen reservation amount in the soil respectively at getting whole 400 parts of pedotheques 0,2,4 and 6 weeks.Result in two kinds of situations has all shown tangible favourable influence.

Scheme

On 100 random sites in the crop test district, the sample spot that each mark is 1 square inch.Each square is divided into four quadrants so that sampling.The crop test district of half is with containing underlined N ¹⁵Fertilizer (24-16-20) is (with the amount inoculation N of 950ppm ¹⁵) urea handle.Normal content applying fertilizer with 30 kilograms every acre.Similar contrast Tian Ze is fertilise not.Directly add the microorganisms cultures compost to half of half and check plot of each test site with 10 kilograms every acre normal content behind the applying fertilizer.Between two sub-samplings, to spray weekly 1 time, irrigation quantity is 3/8 inch.

Per two weeks are taken a sample once the soluble total N of chromatographically method and mass spectrometric determination ¹⁵

The result learns by statistics to handle and is listed as follows, and provides standard deviation.The table I is corresponding with Fig. 2 a and c; The table II is corresponding with Fig. 2 b and d.

The table I

Solubility N in the soil ¹⁵

Week

0 2 4 6

Urea adds training 30,80/,135 22,30/,125 1,740,/95 1150/100

Support thing

NPK adds 2,240,/75 1,670,/85 1,330,/60 890/75

Culture

C add culture----

Single with urea 35,40/,110 15,80/,100 860,/75 710/52

Single with 2,450,/85 1,860,/90 1,010,/85 850/80

NPK

List C----

The table II

Solubility N in the soil ¹⁵

Week

0 2 4 6

Urea adds training 31,25/,110 28,90/,100 24,50/,120 2380/115

Support thing

NPK adds 26,50/,130 25,43/,110 27,10/,140 2330/95

Culture

C add cultivation----

Thing (continuing)

Single with urea 29,90/,225 18,40/,135 12,40/,115 980/110

Single with 28,70/,150 21,10/,125 12,80/,240 1100/130

NPK

List C----

Microorganism hybrid composting grown in field Test Summary

The sowing in continuous 3 years of 4 acres of experimental plots.At 2 experimental plot upper seeding wheel corn Northrup cross-fertilize seed X that respectively are 1 acre ₁₀₇Other 2 respectively be 1 acre experimental plot upper seeding wheel wheat Durhan red.Half crop is executed NPK(24-16-20 at seeding time) fertilizer, the standard consumption is 30 kilograms every acre.Second half crop is not applied fertilizer.In fertilising simultaneously, each fertilising of every kind of crop and half of not fertilising part are handled with the hybrid composting of microorganism culturing, and consumption is 10 kilograms every acre.Spray once weekly, irrigation quantity is 3/8 centimeter.

Each treatment condition, interior random sampling 50 strains are measured growing state according to plant height.Mensuration was carried out in 4,8 and 12 weeks.

Artificial gather in the crops crop each growth conditions under respectively measuring crop yield, and the comparison yield data.

The plant-growth data

Plant height when 1984 differences are all (centimetre)

Corn 4(week) 8(week) 12(week)

Single with chemical fertilizer 18/3.0 142,/14 195/18

Chemical fertilizer+compost 15/2.5 164,/18 187/19

(continuing)

Fertilise 5/2.5 96,/19 135/32

Do not add 1,4/4 135,/20 179/23 to fertilize

Compost

Plant height when plant-growth data difference is all (centimetre)

1984

Wheat 4(week) 8(week) 12(week)

Single with chemical fertilizer 4/1.5 3,4/5 58/4

Chemical fertilizer adds compost 7/2 4,0/4 61/5

Do not apply fertilizer 2/1 1,8/3 36/5

Do not add 4/2 3,0/3 58/4 to fertilize

Compost

Crop yield data: summed up in 3 years

Same crop-corn or the wheat described in (not crop rotation) sowing in continuous 3 years front report in same soil.During sowing, execute NPK(24-16-20 with 30 kilograms every acre normal content) fertilizer.Do not apply fertilizer in the contrast field.Experimental plot of half and control stripes field impose 10 kilograms of blended microorganism compost for every acre.The annual same field piece that uses is accepted same the processing, and sowing is with a kind of crop.The 3/8 inch water of spraying weekly.

Gather in the crops with artificial when crop is ripe.Buy new planting seed every year.These data displays are in Fig. 3 a and b.In this way continuous three seasons of growth test, and do not change the crop and the soil treatment condition of each experimental plot.

Corn, Ncrthrup King hybrid X167, output is shown with every square dry weight kilogram numerical table.

1982 1983 1984

Single with NPK 30.6 24.2 25.9

NPK+ compost 32.4 29.6 35.3

Contrast 24.5 21.0 12.7

Contrast+compost 27.8 25.3 28.7

Wheat, Durham Red standard, output is shown with every square dry weight kilogram numerical table.

1982 1983 1984

Single with NPK 17.4 15.8 15.3

NPK+ compost 19.7 18.2 19.8

Contrast 14.4 11.3 10.9

Contrast+compost 15.9 16.5 16.8

These data are respectively represented the mean number of 10 plantation squares of selecting at random, and the square of each data point is 20 feet and takes advantage of 20 feet sizes.It in the table standard deviation.

These data have clearly illustrated that the usefulness and the value of the present invention's bio-feritlizer.Certainly, various possible problem or the various variations in its bacteria combination or the variation of various organic materials etc. that run in the production bio-feritlizer can not be described in this manual fully.These many variations all are possible, but the description that scope of the present invention not only is subject to herein to be done.Only following claim defines true scope of the present invention.

Errata

Claims (16)

1, a kind of Biofertiliser composition, it comprise with nitrogenous organic augment culture medium intimately mixed, contain many different work soil bacteria cultures that concentrate.

2, according to the bio-feritlizer of claim 1, wherein organic culture medium of augmenting also contains phosphorus and potassium.

3, according to the bio-feritlizer of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cultures of Nong Suoing is 1 to 10 to organic ratio of augmenting culture medium approximately.

4, according to the bio-feritlizer of claim 1, the wherein different bacterial culturess that concentrate are to be selected from optionally stablize nitrogen, to carry out the nutrition conversion and to activate the bacterial isolates of micro-soil element between solubility and bonding state.

5, according to the bio-feritlizer of claim 1, it also comprises a kind of soil fungi culture of spissated work in addition.

6, a kind of Biofertiliser composition that comprises the concentrated microorganisms cultures of the various work that are present in the soil, it comprises vinelandii, soluble nitrogen and stablizes bacterium, soil trace element activation and solubilising bacterium, and with an organic soil fungi of augmenting the culture medium intimately admixing.

7, according to the bio-feritlizer of claim 6, wherein bacterium is to be selected from Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, aerobacter, Thiobacillus, bacillus strain, no Thiobacillus (Athiobacter) and soil trace element activation bacterium and solubilising bacterium.

8, according to the bio-feritlizer of claim 6, wherein organic substratum of augmenting comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound.

9, bio-feritlizer according to Claim 8, wherein organic substratum of augmenting is a kind of muck.

10, bio-feritlizer according to Claim 8, wherein organic substratum of augmenting is a kind of organic compost.

11, a kind of preparation comprises many different concentrated live microorganism soil cultures and a kind of organic method of augmenting the bio-feritlizer of matrix, comprising the multiple different microorganisms cultures of in disjunct fermentor tank, cultivating, in each jar, obtain the microbial population of significant quantity, dewater then and concentrate various cultures and in center storage pond, merge it, spissated microorganisms cultures is closely mixed with organic culture medium of augmenting, the water content that further reduces the bio-feritlizer mixture then is suitable for the level that agricultural goes up use to reach one again.

12, according to the method for claim 11, wherein microorganisms cultures is to be grown in the stable growth matrix, growth matrix comprises the normal waste liquid from alcohol distillation factory, its pH is transferred to about 6.8, sugar content about 6%, before in the matrix of various microorganisms cultures being introduced stable growth, culture medium is through sterilising treatment.

13, according to the method for claim 11, wherein many microorganisms cultures are grown in other several disjunct fermentor tanks, each fermentor tank contains a kind of microorganism at least, and all microorganisms cultures that are introduced in the fermentor tank all have compatible growth characteristics like this.

14, according to the method for claim 11, multiple different microorganisms cultures wherein includes vinelandii, nitrogen is stablized bacterium, soil trace element activation and solubilising bacterium, and soil fungi.

15, according to the method for claim 11, wherein with organic augment substratum and mix before, the content in storage pond, center is further dehydrated.

16, according to the method for claim 11, wherein the temperature of microorganisms cultures is never above about 50 ℃.

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