CN86102217A - Vacuum ionic carburization without external heat source - Google Patents
Vacuum ionic carburization without external heat source Download PDFInfo
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- CN86102217A CN86102217A CN86102217.3A CN86102217A CN86102217A CN 86102217 A CN86102217 A CN 86102217A CN 86102217 A CN86102217 A CN 86102217A CN 86102217 A CN86102217 A CN 86102217A
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- carburizing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to thermo-chemical treatment, the equipment and the method for more specifically saying so and being used for ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing.
It is in existing conventional ion nitriding furnace, and the setting and the idiostatic perforated metal set of workpiece on every side of place work piece realize the high temperature ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing on cathode disc.After general ion nitriding furnace used the present invention, not only can carburizing, and still can carry out ion nitriding.The present invention has to be convenient to handle to stock, pipe fitting and local carburizing part, carburizing quality height, advantages such as power consumption consumption gas province.
Description
The invention belongs to thermo-chemical treatment, the equipment and the method for more specifically saying so and being used for ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing.
The advanced method for carburizing that adopts both at home and abroad mainly contains at present: gas cementation, vacuum carburization and vacuum ionic carburization.Vacuum carburization has overcome some shortcoming of gas cementation, and vacuum ionic carburization is a kind of carburizing tech that is better than gas cementation and vacuum carburization at present.It is the effect that utilizes the resistance thermal source in vacuum oven, and elder generation feeds carburizing gas again, and apply volts DS between workpiece (negative electrode) and anode after workpiece is heated to carburizing temperature in stove, make ionization of gas, generation glow discharge realization carburizing.
People once explored and realized industrial high temperature ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing in the conventional ion nitriding furnaces of original no external heat source, but all failed to break through.(see " heat treatment technics trend recently " 1983.2 as a man of virtue and ability of a specified duration in the Japanese mountain " casting is forged and thermal treatment ", No423) and Men Bozi (M.Both) in " (English) metal heat treatmet " (seeing " theory and practice of plasma carburizing " 1983.2) article, all once pointed out, in conventional ion nitrogenize equipment, even wasteful power, depend merely on the ion bombardment heating, it is impossible desiring to make workpiece to reach carburizing temperature, and promptly must rely on has the vacuum oven of external heat source to realize.The present invention does not add external heat source just and has realized industrialness high temperature ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing in existing conventional ion nitriding furnace.
Vacuum ionic carburization has for vacuum carburization: infiltration rate is fast, carburizing efficient height, groove, thin blind hole treatment effect are good, processing parameter easily control and comparatively power saving economize advantages such as gas.But the facility investment that still there is vacuum carburization in it and is had is big, effectively utilizes the space little, and the part of growing up is handled the restricted and more high shortcoming of production cost.
One of purpose of the present invention is in the conventional ion nitriding furnace that is usually used in about 650 ℃, keeps former stove function, and not additional any outer thermal source is only realized 920～1050 ℃ industrial high temperature ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing by ion bombardment, improves carburizing speed.
Two of purpose of the present invention is to overcome to have the external heat source ion carburizing vacuum furnace effectively to utilize the space little, and the shortcoming that the part inconvenience of growing up is handled can accomplish again not take any measure and the local carburization that realizes workpiece simultaneously.
Shortcomings such as three of purpose of the present invention is to overcome to have the facility investment of external heat source vacuum ionic carburization big, and the power consumption air consumption is bigger.
The realization the solution of the present invention is:
According to the anomalous glow discharge superposition theorem; in the conventional ion nitriding furnace of forming by cathode electricity transmission device, anode, air inlet and outlet device and drop-bottom and furnace shell; the metallic sheath of placing on the cathode disc of cathode electricity transmission device that is equipped with definite shape around the carburized workpiece (hereinafter to be referred as workpiece) is evenly equipped with through hole on it.
For the cathode electricity transmission device of existing conventional ion nitriding furnace can bear 920～1050 ℃ carburizing temperature, the present invention has added water cooling plant with its guide pillar position, the insulating bottle material adopts the mica ceramics of anti-rapid heat cycle, and negative electrode holds the part dish and following gap blanking disc adopts Refractory Steel or heat resisting iron material to make.The thickness that negative electrode holds the part dish is that power and the maximum batch that 20～40mm(looks stove chosen), the thickness 〉=5mm of blanking disc.
For guaranteeing the carburizing quality, improve carburizing speed and save penetration enhancer, the present invention connects the diffusing stream ring pipe with holes that can remove at the inlet pipe top of conventional ion nitriding furnace air inlet and outlet device, the position in hole is towards the top of stove, making into, furnace atmosphere does not directly contact with workpiece, but after by the hole on the stream ring pipe that looses atmosphere being sprayed onto the top of stove earlier, reflecting and arrive workpiece again.Device one and conventional ion nitriding furnace regulation of exhaust gas all-in-one-piece annular row tracheae with holes between cathode disc and drop-bottom, the position in hole promptly constitutes a downdraft vapor pipe towards drop-bottom, makes waste gas concentrate after cathode disc is evenly air-breathing all around again and discharges.Such air inlet and outlet device can guarantee that carburizing atmosphere has a minimum critical residence time on discharge ground, after making carburizing atmosphere arrive workpiece area, the active carbon potential that can be ionized rapidly to set up the high density gradient improves carburizing speed, guarantee that simultaneously eliminating gas eddy current and dead angle occur in stove, make carburizing atmosphere obtain fully effectively utilizing, and interior temperature of stove and air pressure are evenly distributed.
Heat insulation as far as possible for guaranteeing, the unlikely thermosteresis that causes the high temperature workpiece, i.e. energy efficient can be made in addition and can conveniently be lifted up into the interlayer tubular anode that hangs out and replace existing conventional ion nitriding furnace and make anode with furnace shell.
Temp measuring method system takes to place thermopair between metallic sheath and workpiece and near workpiece 2～5mm place.
It is carburetted gas that the present invention selects 96.5% acetone for use, and 99.9% ammonia is carrier gas or thinner.Be the carbonization concentration that satisfies workpiece surface and the requirement of depth of penetration and infiltration layer concentration distribution, the present invention system realizes by changing carburizing stage and diffusion phase atmosphere ratio.
Working specification of the present invention and technological specification are:
1. conventional ion nitriding furnace working method routinely, the turn on pump suction is 5 * 10
-2During holder, send direct current, send into the subatmospheric ammonia less than 5 holders then, again voltage is transferred to 400～500V, electric current transfers to 1～2mA/cm
2, carry out ion bombardment and heat up in advance.
When temperature arrives 500 ℃, send into the gas mixture of acetone/ammonia=1/10; When arriving 800 ℃, transfer voltage to 700～800V, electric current to 3～4mA/cm
2, send into the gas mixture of acetone/ammonia=1/2.After arriving carburizing temperature, undertaken by following processing parameter:
1) atmosphere throughput ratio-carburizing stage ammonia (99.9%)/acetone (96.5%)=1: (1～1.2); Diffusion phase ammonia/acetone=(1.2～1.5): 1.
2) air pressure-5～15 holder.
3) get 3～4mA/cm during electric current-intensification
2, soaking time is got 2～3mA/cm
2
4) voltage 700～800V(adjusts and decides on insulation requirement and electric current, the air pressure coupling of batch and carburizing temperature).
5) carburizing time, according to the carburizing requirement of different workpieces, under 920～940 ℃ of conditions, its time is respectively:
When layer depth was 0.5～0.6mm, the time was 1 hour;
When layer depth was 0.6～1mm, the time was 1.5～2.0 hours;
When layer depth was 0.8～1.2mm, the time was 2.0～2.5 hours;
When layer depth was 1.5～2mm, the time was 3.5～4.0 hours;
When layer depth was 2～2.5mm, the time was 4.0～6.0 hours.
After soaking time was enough, the quenching of can directly coming out of the stove also can strengthen water coolant, and furnace cooling is come out of the stove after conventional suitable temperature.
Precaution:
(1). necessary strict controlled atmosphere ratio during carburizing, when acetone too much or feed when too early, can produce carbon black on the workpiece or on the cathode disc in the stove, may cause sometimes and beat arc, influence normal carburizing or can make the infiltration layer excessive concentration, even produce carbide network.
(2). when acetone content low excessively (for example ammonia/acetone is greater than 4), the situation that carbon can occur not oozing, even can decomposite too much hydrogen because of ammonia, produce Decarburized layer.
(3). during the two-stage method carburizing, diffusion phase stove internal gas pressure can be regulated in 5～15 holders in change, and be 1.5～2.0 hours (deciding on depth of penetration) diffusion time.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
1. because the present invention is not additional any thermal source in existing conventional ion nitriding furnace, and be to realize ion bombardment heating carburizing by the porose metallic sheath around the workpiece, so be lower than the cost that routine has external heat source vacuum ionic carburization equipment widely, enlarged the function and the range of application thereof of existing conventional ion nitriding furnace simultaneously, thereby significantly improved utilization ratio them.
Since any existing conventional ion nitriding furnace burner hearth useful space more than big (several times to tens times) that external heat source is arranged, the body of heater height can be adjusted by the utmost point easily, variance power not, diameter also can any simple and easy repacking, metallic sheath is according to being manufactured by the geometrical shape of carburized workpiece and size conveniently, institute so that to stock, pipe fitting and greatly the part of part and workpiece carry out carburizing.
3. because the present invention can accurately control the process of carburizing stage and diffusion phase with control agent ratio and other processing parameter, so the quality layer height.Simultaneously, have certain N amount to infiltrate in the cementation zone owing to there is nitrogen ion after the ionization of an amount of ratio ammonia to exist to make, so surface abrasion resistance is good, how strong towards contacting drag contact fatigue strength is high and.So can significantly improve workpiece work-ing life.
4. workpiece deformation little (generally in 0.02mm) the surface smoothness height of the present invention's processing need not consider to reserve mill amount and follow-up ground finish.
5. the present invention and the gas cementation that adopts at present extensively, vacuum carburization and have three kinds of method contrasts aspect the key technical indexes of external heat source vacuum ionic carburization to see the following form.
Several method for carburizing the key technical indexes contrast tables
Connect page table
Annotate: (1) is the carburizing of 20CrMnTi steel; (2) be the carburizing of 18Cr2Ni4WA.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the workpiece charging mode synoptic diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention.
As shown in Figure 1, wherein workpiece 9 is placed on the cathode disc 8 by filling up 20, and said workpiece can be one, also can place a plurality of or a plurality of stacking according to cathode disc 8 sizes and workpiece size.Add around the workpiece 9 with its around all equidistant and idiostatic metallic sheath 12, the distance between it and the workpiece 9 is 10～20mm; Said metallic sheath can be copied by carburized workpiece or its needs carburizing position geometrical shape to make; The way of overcoat in also can taking on cathode disc, to place, the workpiece identical a plurality of shapes, that size is close evenly is placed between two metallic sheaths, and wherein the measure-alike workpiece of the available even placement of interior cover replaces.Said metallic sheath wall thickness is 5～10mm, and radial dimension is rapidly heated than the big 10～20mm(of radial dimension such as the need of the shared cathode disc area of workpiece, should take off limit), longitudinal size is greater than more than the workpiece inventory height 10mm.Intersection is evenly equipped with the through hole 13 about φ 10mm on the said metallic sheath, and hole distance in the heart is 15～30mm.In addition, when all workpiece needs the whole carburizing of end or its, still will add a blind patch that has than the big 5～10mm of its radial dimension on the top of metallic sheath 12, its hole size and method for arranging thereof apart from, hole in the heart is all identical with metallic sheath 12 conditions with its thickness.The thermopair 16 of measuring workpiece temperature in the cementation process is housed between metallic sheath 12 and the workpiece 9.The temperature that this thermopair records is the temperature of workpiece.Thermopair 16 is 2～5mm apart from workpiece 9.
Said metallic sheath 12, the cover plate 11 at anode 3 tops are all with high temperature steel or heat resisting iron (available 4Cr9Si2; RQTAl21Re; 4Cr10Si2Mo etc.) make.
The charging mode and the technological effect of one embodiment of the invention are described below in conjunction with Fig. 2.
3 (also can adorn more than 3) garden cylindricality gears 28 handling among Fig. 2 are to be made by 20CrMnTi, and its diameter is φ 220mm, and the facewidth is 50mm, and modulus is 3, and desired depth of penetration is 1.2mm, and hardness HRC is 58～61.Adding the profiling cover 13 that is located at around the gear 28 is to make with high temperature steel 4Cr9Si2, and its wall thickness is 5mm, and diameter is 240mm, highly is 260mm; Through hole on the profiling cover 13 is about 10mm, and apart from being 15mm, the axis hole of gear 28 adds a cover plate 27 in the heart in the hole, and gear 28 bottoms are to be placed on cushion block 30,29th on the cathode disc 8, antiseepage cover, the 3rd, the tubular anode of manufacturing with wire netting, the 16th, temperature thermocouple.
After according to the solution of the present invention and the described condition of Fig. 1 the conventional ion nitriding furnace being improved, after according to Fig. 2 the gear workpiece that needs carburizing and its corresponding profiling cover being put well, ion nitriding furnace method of operation in operation routinely.
The technological process of present embodiment is undertaken by working specification described in the present invention program and technological specification.
After going up routine gear wheel carburization, its infiltration layer concentration distribution is hypereutectoid district 0.20mm, the eutectoid district is 0.50mm, the hypoeutectoid district is 0.50mm, case case carbon 0.9～1.0%, nitrogen content is 0.01～0.03%, and this workpiece is after follow-up quenching, temper, and hardness, fatigue strength and wearability all adhere to specification.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing, it is made up of cathode electricity transmission device, anode, air inlet and outlet device and drop-bottom and furnace shell, it is characterized in that: on the cathode disc [8] of said cathode electricity transmission device, be provided with one idiostatic with workpiece [9], and have the metallic sheath [12] of through hole [13]; The top of the inlet pipe of said air inlet and outlet device [19] connects the diffusing stream ring pipe [14] of one [15] with holes, and hole [15] connect the ring pipe [4] of [26] with holes towards the top of stove at the top of vapor pipe [24], and ring pipe [4] is gone up hole [26] towards drop-bottom [1];
2, according to the described ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the guide pillar of said cathode electricity transmission device (22) is connected with cooling water circulating device (23), and the insulated column (6) between cathode disc (8) and drop-bottom (1) is to manufacture with mica ceramics; Said cathode disc (8) is made with high temperature steel or heat resisting iron.
3, by the described ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distance between said metallic sheath (12) and the workpiece (9) is 10～20mm, through hole on it (13) is arranged crosswise all, and the aperture is φ 10mm, and hole distance in the heart is 15～30mm; The aperture that said diffusing stream ring pipe (14) is gone up hole (15) is φ 2.5mm, and hole distance in the heart is 40mm; The aperture in the hole (26) on the said ring pipe (4) is φ 2.5mm, and hole distance in the heart is 20mm; The stream that looses manages (14) and ring pipe (4) is all manufactured with steel pipe.
4, by the described ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: on said drop-bottom (1), the outer tubular anode (3) that can hang out, lift up into that is equipped with of cathode disc (8), its top is equipped with cover plate (11), the hole (17) of the uniform φ 10～20mm of cover plate (11), hole distance in the heart are 50mm.
5, by the described ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing of claim 4, it is characterized in that: said tubular anode (3) is to be made by steel plate to have the gap double-layer sleeve structure, and fill with alumina-silicate ceramic fibre is cotton gap (10).
6, by the described ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the blanking disc (5) of said cathode disc (8), metallic sheath (12) and cathode electricity transmission device is all made with high temperature steel or heat resisting iron.
7, by the described ion nitriding furnace that can realize high temperature carburizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: between metallic sheath (12) and workpiece (9), and apart from workpiece (9) 2～5mm places placement one temperature thermocouple (16).
8, carry out the method for carburizing with the described ion nitriding furnace of high temperature carburizing of realizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the acetone with 96.5% is carburetted gas, and 99.9% ammonia is carrier gas or thinner, and acetone and ammonia in the ratio in each stage are:
When about 500 ℃ of temperature, acetone/ammonia is 1/10; When temperature was 800 ℃, acetone/ammonia was 1/2, and when arriving the production requirement carburizing temperature, ammonia/acetone is 1: (1～1.2); Diffusion phase ammonia/acetone is (1.2～1.5): 1.
9, by the described method for carburizing of claim 7, it is characterized in that: the electric current of temperature rise period is 3～4mA/cm
2; The electric current of holding stage is 2～3mA/cm
2; Air pressure is 5～15 holders.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86102217 CN1006557B (en) | 1986-04-08 | 1986-04-08 | Vacuum ionic carburization without external heat source |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86102217 CN1006557B (en) | 1986-04-08 | 1986-04-08 | Vacuum ionic carburization without external heat source |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86102217A true CN86102217A (en) | 1987-10-21 |
| CN1006557B CN1006557B (en) | 1990-01-24 |
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ID=4801659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86102217 Expired CN1006557B (en) | 1986-04-08 | 1986-04-08 | Vacuum ionic carburization without external heat source |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1006557B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104651775A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-05-27 | 江西省机械科学研究所 | Device for improving ion nitriding effect |
| CN113930716A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-14 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ion nitriding method for ultrahigh-strength stainless steel gear |
-
1986
- 1986-04-08 CN CN 86102217 patent/CN1006557B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104651775A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-05-27 | 江西省机械科学研究所 | Device for improving ion nitriding effect |
| CN113930716A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-14 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ion nitriding method for ultrahigh-strength stainless steel gear |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1006557B (en) | 1990-01-24 |
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