CN85109137A - Stratifying exploit of metalliferous deposit - Google Patents
Stratifying exploit of metalliferous deposit Download PDFInfo
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- CN85109137A CN85109137A CN 85109137 CN85109137A CN85109137A CN 85109137 A CN85109137 A CN 85109137A CN 85109137 CN85109137 CN 85109137 CN 85109137 A CN85109137 A CN 85109137A CN 85109137 A CN85109137 A CN 85109137A
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Abstract
Stratifying exploit of metalliferous deposit belongs to metalliferous deposit underground mining mining methods.It is to be supporting and protection structure with the false top of the loose bed course of artificial forced caving country rock, wire lath, articulated roof beam with the high strength collapsible timbering, from top to bottom to the comprehensive layering of ore body, carries out back production in certain sequence with shallow many endless form under this supporting and protection structure.This mining methods, the ore loss ratio and the rate of dilution all can be lower than 5%, and even are lower than 3%, and mining cost is not high.This law be applicable to the face of land allow in avalanche, the ore body thick above, grade is higher or be worth more expensive various metalliferous deposits and the spontaneous combustion ignition hazard arranged or require the mineral deposit of separative production and separative delivery.
Description
This is a kind of metalliferous deposit underground mining mining methods.
The many metalliferous deposit grades of China are very rich, be worth very high, but because existing mining methods are not ideal enough, make the mining index be in low-level state, for example open-stope method and avalanche method ore loss ratio and the rate of dilution all reach 15～30%, the filling method actual loss ratio and the rate of dilution also reach about 10%, and cost increases substantially again.Cause losing in a large number of resource on the one hand, also make adopt, choosing, the insignificant increase of smelting cost, in order to improve the reasonable utilization of valuable ore resource, reduce mining cost, since 82 years, we begin a kind of new mining methods that are suitable for metal mine of exploratory development.
Before the sixties, the situation that today, metal mine produced also appearred in the colliery, and for high seam, especially super high seam because coal-mining method does not pass a test, has also caused coal resources to lose in a large number.Introduced advanced foreign technology and equipment but recent two decades comes,, reversed backwardness in the past through major transformations such as " general adopting ", " machine is adopted ", " combine and adopt ", mining roadway layouts.Existing thick and super high seam, because of successfully using the false top of wire lath, collapsible timbering and articulated roof beam are the incline cut and fill stoping of supporting and protection structure, horizontal slice and inclined cuting layering caving method, exploiting field and working surface production ability are improved largely, and working section recovery is reached more than 80%, working face extraction rate reaches more than 95%, economic benefit is significant, the present invention has used for reference the useful experience of coal system, presses rule, metalliferous deposit occurrence characteristics according to stope ground, and the production status of metallurgical mine, get through the research more than 3 years.
This law be applicable to the face of land allow avalanche, in thick above, grade is higher or be worth more expensive coloured, rare, noble heavy metal bed or other metals or nonmetal depdosit; The mineral deposit that the spontaneous combustion ignition hazard is arranged; The requirement branch is adopted, the mineral deposit of partite transport; Bury dark, last armor rock fragmentation, when value is high more, use this law the most favourable.
The result that this law is used at metal mine, can increase under few prerequisite at mining cost, obviously reduce the ore loss ratio and the rate of dilution of metal mining, obviously improve ore ton profit, get a profit and the metal recovery total amount in mine year, thereby improve the economic benefit in mine.
Producing theoretical foundation of the present invention is:
1. during first slicing, adopt rear space as not carrying out supporting (as Fig. 1) top, dead zone country rock weight
To marry again in the place ahead rib
With the rear country rock
Bear, dead zone periphery A, B, C names a person for a particular job is dangerous stress point, as A, B, when C point stress meets or exceeds a certain limit, just can at first begin destruction and cause the top country rock to collapse from A, B, C point, and back production can't be carried out; And as use articulated roof beam and the supporting of high strength collapsible timbering at excavation, use armor rock on the artificial forced caving of medium-length hole to adopting the dead zone, back, and allow and withstand top behind its broken rising and do not collapse country rock (promptly form second and the what is called " the loose bed course of artificial rock " during following separate zone production), and earlier the shop weaves metal spacer screen (promptly form second and " wire lath is false to be pushed up " during following slicing) (as shown in Figure 2), then back production upper back country rock weight before the country rock avalanche
Can mainly marry again in the place ahead rib
, part is married again in the back ashlar
And the back production face support of making is only born component seldom, and this moment, excavation top country rock may rupture, but because of the effect of articulated roof beam and high strength collapsible timbering is arranged, its unlikely collapsing falls, and can be in safety and more excellent duty after the back production.
2. in the first slicing process, the artificial forced caving country rock in dead zone, broken expansion factor is bigger when initial, can be considered the gravity that does not bear the top country rock, bigger as ore body, when back production face continues to push ahead the dead zone scope and reaches a certain degree, must cause the top country rock bending subsidence, ftracture, fracture, constantly upwards expansion and even involve the face of land, thereby make the progressively compacting of artificial forced caving country rock, broken expansion factor diminishes, and its top country rock lumpiness becomes big gradually.Like this second and during following separate zone production (as Fig. 3), because the effect of wire lath vacation top, articulated roof beam and support is arranged, can be anti-lost, emit; Because the effect of the loose bed course of rock is arranged, can guarantee that support has certain setting load, and unlikely unstability.Because b value less, the loose bed course of rock top rock fragmentation in manual maintenance space becomes big and support tool contractibility gradually, structure that just can a certain position formation in the loose bed course of rock top " arch " or " bridge " after back production, back production face top
Weight just can marry again in the place ahead rib by " arch " or " bridge "
With the rear rock
, and support only bears " arch " or " bridge " following weight, thus actual mining can be carried out smoothly.
3. less as ore body, the first layering allwork finish so that the several layerings of following back production after also unlikely cause top do not collapse country rock collapse comprehensively, can not give the unexpected inbreak of knowing even take place, pass to support owing to there are 6～8 meters loose bed courses of thick rock also the impact force that inbreak produces can be converted into static load, when support Design, as long as consider enough safety factor, also any problem can not take place.
Implementation step: need not be divided into " room ", " post ", " piece section ", " band ", but successively push forward comprehensively to another wing by orebody trend one wing, the branch aspect according to orebody thickness, shape, go up armor rock stability and mining field ore removal equipment different can be level, that tilt, just " ∨ " type or " ∨ " type, layer height is advisable with 2～2.5 meters.
At first arrange the tunnel by Fig. 4, organize technology after first layering begins back production by Fig. 5, back production face capwise arranges that across pitch advances, and to back production face (work requisite space), carries out supporting with collapsible timbering (as shown in Figure 7) completely.When treating that back production space of planes width reaches the 6m left and right sides, the shop weaves the metal spacer screen comprehensively in the dead zone, and upwards the armor rock is stamped to mesopore (showing as Fig. 5 a); Remove the dead zone support, adorn articulated roof beam, encrypt support (shown in Fig. 5 b) at break line; The upward hole powder charge when forcing caving (showing as Fig. 5 c) back production later on towards 2 meters left and right sides of preceding propelling, upwards hits deep hole again, spreads and knit spacer screen, encryption break line support, and dead zone prop drawing Hui Liang forces caving, and so continuous the circulation; Fold equipment, segmentation prop drawing Hui Liang after layering has been adopted and force caving, rolled over, force caving to finish comprehensively until the pillar back timber.
Second and during following slicing, the flat shallow bore hole of fetching water earlier, segmentation blows out the ore deposit; Prop up articulated roof beam; Ore removal; Prop up collapsible timbering; Caving line crypto set pillar; The dead zone is with withdrawing prop and articulated roof beam and caving.So constantly circulation has been adopted until layering, splits out equipment and whole pillars.
Wire lath can adopt 10～12#(parallel) and 12～14#(warp) galvanized wire is woven into 50 * 50 millimeters of mesh on ground, long 6～10 meters of net, wide 0.8～1.2 meter specification bring to back production face, allow the net head overlap 0.25 meter, adjacent two net selvages butt joint, 16# galvanized wire with 0.4 meter long, to net the stubborn integral body that is connected into every 20cm, articulated roof beam can be used the existing widely used HZW type of coal system metal roof bar (structure such as Fig. 6); The high strength collapsible timbering can be used HZWA type metal mainstay (structure such as Fig. 7), stressed schematic diagram such as Fig. 8, pillar characteristic curve such as Fig. 9).HDJA back timber and HZWA pillar are equipped with hydraulic lifting unit when using, installation and removal very convenient (as long as loading and unloading about 1 minute) so can need to encrypt, split out or adjust at any time by roof control, ore removal.Utilize the pillar characteristic curve with by other corresponding monitorings, test instrumentation, can give know pillar stressed with the top country rock situation that falls that collapses, accomplish that WSO produces.
Along with pushing ahead of the first slicing face, just can open the connecting taxiway of second layering by cutting lane side " it " word lane simultaneously, and under loose bed course of rock and the false top of wire lath, with many whole girder steels of circulation of shallow eye and HZWA bracket support, prepare second slice drift, be advanced into sufficient length as first layering.Dead zone, rear portion country rock collapses and falls when tending towards stability substantially, just can begin the back production of second layering ..., bigger as ore body by that analogy, this law can be in several layerings back production simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, this law ore loss ratio all greatly reduces than additive method with the rate of dilution (all can be less than 5%, and even less than 3%), mining cost increases few (about about 10%) than open-stope method, avalanche method, and, will have remarkable economic efficiency so promote the use this method than the obvious reduction of filling method.
Description of drawings:
Dead zone force analysis during Fig. 1 first not supporting of separate zone production
Adopt the face force analysis during Fig. 2 first separate zone production face supporting dead zone forced caving
Force analysis when Fig. 3 big thick ore body second and following separate zone production
Under Fig. 4 to the top and bottom process typical scenario
Fig. 4 a overlooks roadway arrangement figure (II-II section)
Fig. 4 b faces roadway arrangement figure (I-I section)
Fig. 4 c side-looking roadway arrangement figure (III-III section)
1. 2. stage casing return airway 3. " it " word lanes, lane are transported in the stage casing
4. the lane is transported in ore deposit eye 5. return air eyes 6. first layerings of slipping
7. the lane is cut in 8. first layerings of the first layering return airway
9. the first layering connection roadway
Fig. 5 first separate zone production process for stoping
Fig. 5 a stamps dead zone situation when medium-length hole
Dead zone situation shortly before Fig. 5 b upper centripetal deep hole is blown out
Dead zone situation after Fig. 5 c upper centripetal deep hole is blown out
1. metal spacer screen 2. articulated roof beams 3. collapsible timberings 4. upper centripetal deep holes 5. forced caving country rocks
Fig. 6 HDJA type metal roof bar
Fig. 6 a vertical view
Fig. 6 b elevation
1. joint 2. beam bodies 3. ears or side handles of a utensil 4. pins 5. angle modulation wedges
6 center to center distance
Fig. 7 HZWA type metal mainstay
Overall condition during Fig. 7 a shore supports
Fig. 7 b I-I profile
Fig. 7 c II-II profile
1. base 2. column casings 3. plunger tubes 4. hinged top lids 5. lock bodies
6. slide block 7. voussoirs 8. horizontal wedge 9. springs 10. special packing rings
11. supporting plate 12. nuts 13. are adjusted screw rod 14. screws 15. packing rings
16. block 17., 18. left and right sides friction levers 19., 20. fixture blocks 20. clips
The stressed schematic diagram of Fig. 8 HZWA type metal mainstay
The stressed schematic diagram of Fig. 8 a pillar
Fig. 8 b supporting force analysis figure
Fig. 9 HZWA type metal mainstay characteristic curve
△ L
1-contracted amount when clamping automatically
△ L
2Can the amount of contracting during-maximum operation resistance
p
0-setting load
p
0-starting resistance p
1-first working resistance
p
0-maximum operation resistance.
Claims (3)
1, under a kind of metalliferous deposit to delamination mining method, its also through roadway arrangement, rock drilling, blow out, ore removal, supporting carried out in the tunnel, handle adopting the dead zone, back, it is characterized in that with artificial unconsolidated rock bed course, the false top of wire lath, articulated roof beam and high strength collapsible timbering be supporting and protection structure, under this supporting and protection structure, comprehensively carry out back production to another wing layering with shallow many endless form by ore body one wing from top to bottom, back production face keeps limited manual maintenance space, and this space constantly moves forward in back production.
2, according to the described mining methods of claim 1, it is characterized in that said artificial unconsolidated rock bed course is that Bian Caibian uses armor rock in the medium-length hole avalanche (or fill with non-cementitious materials to the dead zone) and forms when first slicing, should withstand top behind its initial broken rising and not collapse country rock.
3,, it is characterized in that said supporting is meant that the following slice drift of second layering is with whole girder steel and collapsible timbering supporting, to work plane articulated roof beam and collapsible timbering supporting according to the described mining methods of claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85109137 CN85109137A (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1985-12-13 | Stratifying exploit of metalliferous deposit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85109137 CN85109137A (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1985-12-13 | Stratifying exploit of metalliferous deposit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85109137A true CN85109137A (en) | 1988-02-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85109137 Pending CN85109137A (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1985-12-13 | Stratifying exploit of metalliferous deposit |
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| CN (1) | CN85109137A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1133794C (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2004-01-07 | 刘照朗 | Leaning loss free exploitation technology for underground high-grade thick ore body by steel rope net isolation method |
| CN103306720A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Inclined separated layer solid filling coal mining method for super thick coal seam |
| CN103628878A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-12 | 山东科技大学 | Crushed surrounding rock ore downward drift layered sublevel-free tunnel filling mining method |
| CN105927228A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-09-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Automatic setting type mining method for vertical broken ore body |
| CN109931063A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-25 | 马钢集团矿业有限公司 | To substep alternating expression filling mining method in one kind |
| CN111997617A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-27 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore body |
| CN114562327A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-31 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Downward segmented filling method |
-
1985
- 1985-12-13 CN CN 85109137 patent/CN85109137A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1133794C (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2004-01-07 | 刘照朗 | Leaning loss free exploitation technology for underground high-grade thick ore body by steel rope net isolation method |
| CN103306720A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Inclined separated layer solid filling coal mining method for super thick coal seam |
| CN103628878A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-12 | 山东科技大学 | Crushed surrounding rock ore downward drift layered sublevel-free tunnel filling mining method |
| CN105927228A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-09-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Automatic setting type mining method for vertical broken ore body |
| CN105927228B (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2018-01-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Upright breaking ore body sinks formula mining methods automatically |
| CN109931063A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-25 | 马钢集团矿业有限公司 | To substep alternating expression filling mining method in one kind |
| CN109931063B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-07-24 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团有限公司 | Upward step-by-step staggered filling mining method |
| CN111997617A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-27 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore body |
| CN111997617B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-05-13 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore body |
| CN114562327A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-31 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Downward segmented filling method |
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