CN111997617A - Zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore body - Google Patents

Zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore body Download PDF

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CN111997617A
CN111997617A CN202010979244.4A CN202010979244A CN111997617A CN 111997617 A CN111997617 A CN 111997617A CN 202010979244 A CN202010979244 A CN 202010979244A CN 111997617 A CN111997617 A CN 111997617A
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ore
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stope
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CN111997617B (en
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郭子源
周育
蒋胜文
韩波
王鹏
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Northern Engineering and Technology Corp MCC
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/006Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/005Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/06Filling-up mechanically

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Abstract

The invention provides a zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness and steep-dip extremely-crushed ore bodies, which comprises the following steps: dividing an ore block structure, dividing an ore body into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, dividing a plurality of stopes in the stages along the direction of the ore body, dividing the stopes into a plurality of partition units, and reserving isolating ore walls between the partition units; the method comprises the following specific steps: in the mining engineering, a stage transportation gallery, a stage ore removal cross gallery, a pedestrian air inlet raise connection gallery, an ore draw shaft and a filling air return raise are arranged in each partition unit; cutting and supporting: carrying out long anchor cable pre-support and top control on the crushed ore body on the bottom pulling layer; blasting: drilling an upward hole on the bottom drawing layer, and caving layered ore; stoping and ore removal: and (4) stope stoping sequence, mining each subarea in one stope layer by layer from bottom to top simultaneously, stoping one layer, filling one layer, and so on until stoping of the whole stope is finished. The advantages are that: firstly, the safety of the product is improved,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the recovery rate of the ore is high,
Figure 696839DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
high-efficiency mining and less accurate mining quantity.

Description

Zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore body
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of filling mining processes, in particular to a zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore bodies.
Background
At present, mining methods for medium-thickness and heavy-pitch extremely-broken ore bodies mainly include a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, a sill pillar sublevel caving method, an upward horizontal layered filling mining method, an upward access filling method and the like, wherein:
the sublevel caving method without the sill pillar and the natural caving method have the main advantages that: the mining method has simple structure and high flexibility, and does not need to leave ore pillars; the process is simple, can give full play to the advantages of large shoveling, loading and transporting equipment, is convenient for realizing mechanized matching operation, and has good safety, low mining cost and high production efficiency. The main disadvantages are: ore drawing is carried out under the covering rock, the loss and dilution rate is high, generally 15-40 percent; the ventilation condition is poor, and a special ventilation roadway needs to be constructed; the equipment maintenance workload is large, and the maintenance cost is high. Especially for the areas where the earth's surface is not allowed to generate dislocation, the method is basically not feasible;
the sublevel caving method with the bottom pillar has the main advantages that: the blasting scale is small, the drilling amount at one time is small, the blasting is easy to control, the block rate is low, when bad conditions occur, the blasting is easy to process, the economic loss caused is small, and the ore drawing management is simple. The main disadvantages are: due to the sectional mining, the development and mining accuracy workload is large, and the mining cost is high. The one-time ore caving amount of the sublevel caving method is less than that of the sublevel caving method, the contact amount of ore and overlying rock is more in the ore discharging process, and the dilution rate is high. A large number of ore pillars and top and bottom pillars need to be reserved, and the ore loss rate is high.
The main advantages of the upward horizontal cut-and-fill stoping method are: flexible recovery, high ore recovery rate and small loss and dilution. The main disadvantages are: the exposed area of the stope is large, personnel and equipment operate in an empty stope, the safety is poor, and the production capacity of the stope is small;
the upward access filling method and the downward access filling method have the main advantages that the exposed area of the stope is small, so that the operation safety during stope stoping of the stope can be better ensured, and the purpose of stoping unstable ore bodies of the ore rocks is achieved. The main disadvantages are that the stoping section is small, the stoping process is complex, and the stope production capacity is small;
in conclusion, the caving method has high loss and dilution rate and serious damage to the surface environment; the upward horizontal layered filling mining method has poor production safety and small production capacity of a stope; the stoping process of the approach method is complex, and the stope production capacity is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a zonal upward cut-and-fill mining method for a moderately thick steeply dipping extremely crushed ore body, which is capable of performing safe and efficient stoping with less ore loss and dilution and has no disturbance to the ground surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the zonal upward stratified filling mining method for the medium-thickness and high-inclination extremely-crushed ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing an ore block structure, dividing an ore body into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, dividing a plurality of stopes in the stages along the direction of the ore body, dividing the stopes into a plurality of partition units, forming a stope unit by 3-5 partitions, and reserving isolating ore walls among the partition units; the method comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) mining preparation engineering:
in each partition unit, performing in-pulse mining, and arranging a stage transportation roadway, a stage ore removal roadway, a pedestrian air inlet patio connection roadway, an ore draw shaft and a filling air return patio in each partition unit;
cutting:
tunneling a bottom-drawing roadway in the vein along the trend of the ore body through a pedestrian air inlet raise, and gradually forming a bottom-drawing layer by expanding the walls to two sides;
and (3) supporting: carrying out long anchor cable pre-support and top control on the crushed ore body on the bottom pulling layer;
blasting: drilling an upward hole on the bottom drawing layer, and caving layered ore;
and (3) stoping and ore removal:
stope stoping sequence, wherein each subarea in one stope is mined layer by layer from bottom to top simultaneously, and the middle subarea unit leads 2-3 subarea units on two sides for layered stoping; the isolated mine wall is reserved when the partition units on the two sides are mined in a layered mode, one layer on the top of the stope is not mined, the top pillar is reserved, and the bottom structure of the stope in the upper stage is arranged between the top pillar and the bottom pillar in the upper stage; and (3) ore removal after mining a layer, allowing the collapsed ore to climb into an ore pass shaft, conveying the ore out of the stope from the stage transportation gallery through the stage ore removal cross lane, mining the layered ore wall, repeating the steps, mining a layer, and filling a layer until the whole stope is completely mined.
Furthermore, the stage height is within the range of 40-60 m, the stope is divided into 10-15 subsections in the stage, the subsection height is 3-5 m, the stope length is within 45-100 m, and the length of each subsection is within 15-20 m.
Further, the supporting comprises: after the cutting work is finished, the broken ore body needs to be subjected to long anchor rope pre-supporting top control before the stoping work starts, anchoring is carried out by using a resin anchoring agent, the supporting net length is 2m multiplied by 2m, after the layered stoping of the first long anchor rope support is finished, the long anchor rope support needs to be carried out again before the next layered stoping, and the pre-supporting height is 3-5 layered heights each time.
Furthermore, the stage transportation gallery of the mining engineering is arranged in surrounding rock at the bottom of the ore body, the direction is along the trend of the ore body, the stage ore removal cross gallery is communicated with the ore pass through the stage ore removal cross gallery, and the pedestrian air inlet gallery communication gallery is communicated with the pedestrian air inlet gallery through the pedestrian air inlet gallery connection gallery, wherein the ore pass is positioned in the middle of each partition unit, two pedestrian air inlet galleries are close to two sides of each partition unit, and the ore pass and the pedestrian air inlet gallery are erected layer by layer along with the layered extraction of the ore body.
Furthermore, the ventilation mainly comprises that fresh airflow of the transportation driftway at the stage is utilized, the fresh airflow reaches an intravein stope working face through a man-made air inlet courtyard, after the working face is cleaned, dirty air is discharged into the transportation drift at the upper stage through a filling air return courtyard, and the transportation drift at the upper stage is used as the air return driftway at the lower stage to form through airflow ventilation;
further, the thickness of the isolation mine wall is 2 m-3 m.
Furthermore, the layered filling comprises a tailing layer and a concrete layer on the tailing layer, the thickness of the tailing layer is 3 m-3.5 m, and the thickness of the concrete layer is 0.5 m-1.0 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
safety increase
The stope is partitioned by adopting the isolating mine wall, so that the exposed area of a top plate during stoping is reduced, and meanwhile, the long anchor cable is adopted to pre-support the top plate, so that the stability of the top plate is improved, and the operation safety is greatly improved;
Figure 662782DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
high ore recovery rate
2m of isolating ore walls are reserved among the subareas, so that waste rocks and filling bodies of adjacent subareas are effectively prevented from being mixed in during stoping, dilution of ores is reduced, no stud is reserved among stopes, the loss rate and dilution rate of the ores are greatly reduced, the recovery rate of the ores is improved, and the economic benefit of the stoping is improved;
Figure 222DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
high efficiency mining
The exposed area of the top plate during stoping is reduced through stope subareas, so that stoping can be simultaneously carried out in a plurality of subareas, operation can be simultaneously carried out among the subareas, mutual influence is avoided, the stope production capacity is greatly improved, and efficient mining of ore blocks is realized;
fourthly, the accurate amount of mining is small
Compared with an upward layered filling method, an upward access filling method, a downward access filling method and the like of a mechanized panel, the invention has the advantages of less mining-preparation engineering amount and simpler mining-preparation engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a zonal upward cut-and-fill method of heavy and steep extremely fragmented ore bodies according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 1.
In the drawings: 1-top column, 2-filling air return patio, 3-long anchor cable, 4-bottom pulling layer, 5-bottom column, 6-filling body, 7-ore draw shaft, 8-stage transportation roadway, 9-stage ore removal cross roadway, 10-pedestrian air inlet patio, 11-pedestrian air inlet patio connecting roadway and 12-isolating mine wall.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides a zonal upward layered filling mining method for medium-thickness and steep-dip extremely-crushed ore bodies, which comprises the following steps: dividing an ore block structure, dividing an ore body into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, wherein the height of each stage is within the range of 40-60 m, dividing a stope into 10-15 subsections in each stage, the height of each subsection is 3-5 m, dividing a plurality of stopes along the direction of the ore body in each stage, dividing the stope into a plurality of partitions, forming one stope by 3-5 partitions, and reserving isolating ore walls among the partitions; the length of the mining field is within 45-100 m, and the length of each subarea is within 15-20 m; the method comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) mining preparation engineering:
in each partition unit, performing in-vein mining, and arranging a stage transportation roadway 8, a stage ore removal roadway 9, a pedestrian air inlet patio 10, a pedestrian air inlet patio connection roadway 11, an ore draw shaft 7 and a filling air return patio 2 in each partition unit; the stage transportation gallery 8 of the mining preparation project is arranged in surrounding rocks at the bottom of the ore body, the direction is along the trend of the ore body, the stage transportation gallery is communicated with an ore pass shaft 7 through a stage ore removal cross gallery 9 and is communicated with a pedestrian air inlet gallery 10 through a pedestrian air inlet gallery connecting gallery 11, wherein the ore pass shaft 7 is positioned in the middle of each partition unit, two pedestrian air inlet gallery 10 are close to two sides of each partition unit, and the ore pass shaft 7 and the pedestrian air inlet gallery 10 are erected along with the layered mining of the ore body one by one;
cutting, namely tunneling a bottom-drawing roadway in the vein along the trend of the ore body through the pedestrian air inlet raise 10, and gradually forming a bottom-drawing layer 4 by expanding the walls to two sides;
supporting, namely performing pre-supporting and top controlling on the broken ore body by using a long anchor cable 3 on the bottom layer 4; the support comprises: after the cutting work is finished, the long anchor cable 3 is required to be pre-supported and controlled to jack the broken ore body before the stoping work is started, resin anchoring agent is used for anchoring, the supporting net length is 2m multiplied by 2m, after the layered stoping of the first long anchor cable 3 support is finished, the long anchor cable 3 support is required to be carried out again before the next layered stoping, and the pre-supporting is carried out for 3-5 layered heights each time;
blasting, namely drilling an upward hole in the bottom layer 4, and caving layered ore;
and (3) stoping and ore removal:
stope stoping sequence, wherein each subarea in one stope is mined layer by layer from bottom to top simultaneously, and the middle subarea unit leads 2-3 subarea units on two sides for layered stoping; reserving isolation mine walls 12 when the partition units on the two sides are mined in a layering manner, reserving 2m of isolation mine walls 12 between every two partition units, reserving a top pillar for mining when one partition at the top of the stope is not mined, and arranging the bottom structure of the stope in the upper stage between the top pillar and the bottom pillar in the upper stage;
the method effectively prevents the waste rocks and the filling bodies of adjacent subareas from being mixed in the stoping process, reduces the dilution of the ore, does not leave a column between stopes, greatly reduces the loss rate and dilution rate of the ore, improves the recovery rate of the ore and improves the stoping economic benefit.
Ore removal is carried out after one layer mining is finished, collapsed ore climbs into an ore pass shaft 7 through electricity, is transported out of a stope from a stage transportation drift 8 through a stage ore removal cross drift 9, then the layered isolation ore wall 12 is mined, and then ventilation and layered filling are carried out, wherein the ventilation mainly comprises the steps of utilizing fresh airflow of the stage transportation drift to reach an intra-vein stoping working face through a manway air inlet raise 10, cleaning the working face, discharging dirty air into an upper stage transportation roadway through a filling air return raise 2, and using the upper stage transportation roadway as a lower stage air return drift to form through airflow ventilation; the layered filling comprises a tailing layer and a concrete layer on the tailing layer, the thickness of the tailing layer is 3 m-3.5 m, and the thickness of the concrete layer is 0.5 m-1.0 m; repeating the steps, and mining one layer and filling one layer until the whole stope is completely mined.
While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative embodiments of the invention, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actions of the method claims in accordance with the inventive embodiments described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to a single element is explicitly stated.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a super broken ore body subregion of medium thickness steeply inclined is to cut and fill mining method of stratifying, its characterized in that includes: dividing an ore block structure, dividing an ore body into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, dividing a plurality of stopes in the stages along the direction of the ore body, dividing the stopes into a plurality of partition units, forming one stope by 3-5 partition units, and reserving isolating ore walls among the partition units; the method comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) mining preparation engineering:
in each partition unit, performing in-pulse mining, and arranging a stage transportation roadway, a stage ore removal cross roadway, a pedestrian air inlet patio connection roadway, an ore draw shaft and a filling air return patio in each partition unit;
cutting:
tunneling a bottom-drawing roadway in the vein along the trend of the ore body through a pedestrian air inlet raise, and gradually forming a bottom-drawing layer by expanding the walls to two sides;
and (3) supporting: carrying out long anchor cable pre-support and top control on the crushed ore body on the bottom pulling layer;
blasting: drilling an upward hole on the bottom drawing layer, and caving layered ore;
and (3) stoping and ore removal:
stope stoping sequence, wherein each subarea in one stope is mined layer by layer from bottom to top simultaneously, and the middle subarea unit leads 2-3 subarea units on two sides for layered stoping; the isolated mine wall is reserved when the partition units on the two sides are mined in a layered mode, one layer on the top of the stope is not mined, the top pillar is reserved, and the bottom structure of the stope in the upper stage is arranged between the top pillar and the bottom pillar in the upper stage; and (3) ore removal is carried out after one layer at two sides is mined, then the layered ore walls are mined, ore removal is carried out by layers one by one, the collapsed ore climbs into an ore chute through electric crawl, is transported out of the stope from the stage haulage roadway through the stage ore removal cross roadway, is ventilated and filled in layers, and the steps are repeated in this way, one layer is mined, and one layer is filled until the whole stope is completely mined.
2. The zonal upward cut-and-fill mining method of medium-thickness and high-inclination extremely-crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the height of the stage is within a range of 40m to 60m, the stage divides a stope into 10 to 15 subsections, the height of each subsection is 3m to 5m, the length of the stope is within a range of 45m to 100m, and the length of each subsection is within a range of 15m to 20 m.
3. The zonal upward cut-and-fill mining method of moderately thick, steeply dipping, extremely fragmented ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that the support comprises: after the cutting work is finished, the broken ore body needs to be subjected to long anchor rope pre-supporting top control before the stoping work starts, anchoring is carried out by using a resin anchoring agent, the supporting net length is 2m multiplied by 2m, after the layered stoping of the first long anchor rope support is finished, the long anchor rope support needs to be carried out again before the next layered stoping, and the pre-supporting height is 3-5 layered heights each time.
4. The zonal upward cut-and-fill mining method of moderately thick and steeply inclined extremely-crushed ore body according to claim 1, wherein the stage transportation drift of the mining preparation project is arranged in the surrounding rock at the bottom of the ore body, the direction is along the trend of the ore body, the stage transportation drift is communicated with the ore pass through the stage ore removal cross drift, and is communicated with the pedestrian air intake raise through the pedestrian air intake raise connecting drift, wherein the ore pass is positioned in the middle of each zone unit, two pedestrian air intake raises are close to two sides of each zone unit, and the ore pass and the pedestrian air intake raise are erected layer by layer along with the stratified mining of the ore body.
5. The zonal upward stratified charge mining method of moderately thick and steeply dipping extremely crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation is mainly through ventilation by utilizing fresh air flow of the transportation driftway in the current stage, the fresh air flow reaches the mining working face in the veins from the man-made air intake raise, after the working face is cleaned, the dirty air is discharged into the transportation drift in the upper stage through the filling return air raise, and the transportation drift in the upper stage is used as the return air drift in the lower stage.
6. The zonal upward cut-and-fill mining method of moderately thick and steeply dipping extremely crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the isolation ore wall is 2m to 3 m.
7. The zonal upward cut-and-fill mining method of medium-thickness steeply-inclined extremely-crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the cut-and-fill includes a tailing layer and a concrete layer on the tailing layer, the thickness of the tailing layer is 3m to 3.5m, and the thickness of the concrete layer is 0.5m to 1.0 m.
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CN113153303A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-07-23 山东科技大学 Downward single-route cemented filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body
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CN114856562A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-05 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method for mining thick ore body

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