CN85108066A - From flue gases of furnace, remove a kind of method of gaseous sulphide and sulfur dioxide - Google Patents

From flue gases of furnace, remove a kind of method of gaseous sulphide and sulfur dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN85108066A
CN85108066A CN85108066.9A CN85108066A CN85108066A CN 85108066 A CN85108066 A CN 85108066A CN 85108066 A CN85108066 A CN 85108066A CN 85108066 A CN85108066 A CN 85108066A
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flue gas
hydroxide
stove
water
sulfur dioxide
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CN85108066.9A
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CN1005312B (en
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瑟巴·哈马拉
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Tampella Oy AB
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Tampella Oy AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a kind of method of from the stove flue gas, removing sulfur dioxide.Be with the difference of existing method, except that combustion of sulfur material (4) with have the gas (5) of oxygen, consumption surpassed the powder calcium hydroxide or the magnesium hydroxide (6) of the sulfur dioxide gas corresponding proportion of the middle generation of stove (1), be added in the combustion chamber.Water (9) or water vapour spray into respectively in the flue gas that has calcium oxide or magnesian reactor (2), this flue gas by the combustion chamber through breaching (7).Can select powder hydroxide (6) at smoke tube (7) or at the adding position of thereafter reactor (2), hydroxide is by water (9) or steam activation in reactor arbitrarily.

Description

From flue gases of furnace, remove a kind of method of gaseous sulphide and sulfur dioxide
The invention relates to a kind of method of removing gaseous sulphide, particularly sulfur dioxide from flue gases of furnace, this stove is a combustion of sulfur fuel, as coal or oil.
Calcium oxide, calcium carbonate or some other alkali compounds are added in the combustion chamber of stove, and the content that reduces sulfur dioxide in the flue gases of furnace is known already.In the fluid bed stove of circulation fluidized bed is housed, when furnace maneuver is being closed in the temperature range of carrying out chemical reaction most, when being 800-1000 ℃, just might add a kind of calcium, make the content of sulfur dioxide of flue gases reduce by 90%, therefore, the sulfur dioxide of absorption leaves stove with gypsum form with floating dust.
In other stove, need to adopt the temperature higher than above-mentioned stove, during the time of staying of additive in stove short (by the character decision of burning), the content that can expect to reduce sulfur dioxide of flue gases is in fact still lower, be about 50% or lower, therefore, this method can not adopt in plant-scale this stove.
On the other hand, well-known, the content of sulfur dioxide of flue gases can reduce by the outer absorption process of various stoves.Original a kind of method of just knowing is called " semidry method ", in the method, the flue gas of coming out from stove is imported in the separate reactor, with the aqueous slurry of calcium hydroxide, by special nozzle, sprays into this reactor with droplet.Reactor is a kind of sizable container, is lowered in the speed of reactor inner flue gas, and aqueous slurry then by the top of container, sprays into from the top down.Reactor temperature at that time is about 50-80 ℃, and the spraying that control the calcium hydroxide aqueous slurry this moment is very important, because drop is too big, can stay the bottom of reactor as liquid.The denseness of control calcium hydroxide aqueous slurry can make the moisture content that enters in the reactor obtain evaporation even as big as making the heat in the flue gas, so that absorption product can be reclaimed with dry powder form.By this method, can remove nearly 90% sulfur dioxide.The shortcoming of this method is that nozzle stops up easily, additionally increase the slurry of preparation calcium hydroxide water and equipment intermittently, causes the increase of capital investment expense, and has the problem of control drop size during the material spray.
The objective of the invention is for a kind of gaseous sulphide of removing from flue gases of furnace is provided, as the method for sulfur dioxide.By this method, can make gaseous sulphide be transformed into solid-state sulfide, thereby easily make it from gas, to separate, but therefore gaseous sulphide is removed on simple economy ground effectively from flue gases of furnace.
Principal character of the present invention embodies in the claims.
According to method of the present invention, with gaseous sulphide, particularly material and the water with sulfur dioxide reaction adds respectively in this technical process, can avoid the problem of preparation, processing and the charging of slurry like this, its method is specific as follows:
A) except sulphur-containing substance that will be to be burnt and oxygen-containing gas add in the stove, also mealy alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide can be added in the stove, or be added to the flue gas that contains sulfur dioxide of in stove, coming out.
B) water and/or water vapour are sprayed in the stove respectively, and/or spray in the flue gas, last
C), may also have the solid of sulphite from gas, to separate the sulfate that contains alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal.
Therefore, basic thought of the present invention is that powdery hydroxide is added in the flue gas, only make it in flue gas by water and/or steam activation, the powdery hydroxide of activation and sulfur dioxide reaction, generate the mixture of sulfate/sulphite, by the physics ash partition method of routine, from flue gas, remove effectively then.
Add in the stove combustion chamber or flue gas that stove is later in the amount of powdery hydroxide be sulfur content in the based on fuel, promptly the mole by added alkali metal in the reaction equation and/or alkaline-earth metal at least should be suitable with the amount of sulphur, but preferably required than the reaction amount of addition is big.Add powdery hydroxide in the combustion chamber respectively or be added in the flue gas conduit, this just may use simple feeding device, and therefore pneumatic means has for example been avoided the obstruction of nozzle and used the preparation and the dispensing equipment of additional aqueous slurry.By nozzle respectively charging water and steam just not only simply but also easy.
In fact, the water in the importing flue gas or the temperature range of water vapour are 50-800 ℃, serve as better with 90-200 ℃ especially.Absorb product if wish to reclaim the powdery that is essentially dried, the used water yield of spraying only is enough to make its evaporation for the heat energy of flue gas.
Narrate the present invention in more detail with accompanying drawing below, accompanying drawing has schematically been described the equipment that is suitable for realizing the inventive method.
In the drawings, stove is represented with 1.The sulphur-containing substance of burning is 4, and oxygen-containing gas 5 and powdery calcium hydroxide and/or magnesium hydroxide 6 all add in the combustion chamber of stove 1, and its addition preferably surpasses the proportional quantities of the sulfur dioxide gas that produces in the combustion chamber.The implication of expressing with " excessive " is that the amount of the compound of the amount of calcium, magnesium or calcium and magnesium should be than according to chemical equation, and the theoretical amount required with entering in the combustion chamber all sulfur dioxide reactions wants big.
The hydroxide that enters in the stove at first dewaters in stove, generates oxide.Wherein a part of oxide and sulfur dioxide reaction at first generate sulphite, are reoxidised into sulfate.Because the time that stops in stove is of short duration, has only partial oxide if having time under sufficiently high temperature, react with sulfur dioxide, owing to this reason, be entrained with calcium oxide and/or magnesian flue gas 8, (wherein containing combustion residue, water vapour) unabsorbed sulfur dioxide, just, left the combustion chamber of stove through flue gas conduit 7.
In fact, the temperature of flue gas 8 is too low, is quite faint so that make the oxide of calcium and/or magnesium and the reaction between sulfur oxide, under this condition, can think that these oxides are inactive for being used for removing desulfuration.When the temperature of flue gas reduces, oxide can with the steam reaction in the flue gas, be transformed into hydroxide, therefore directly import in the flue gas conduit 7 powdery hydroxide or importing more suitable in the reactor 2 of its back.Can utilize flue gas 8 in heat exchanger 12, to add hot-air 5 in addition, send into again in the stove 1.
The flue gas of coming out from the combustion chamber of stove 1 contains sulfur dioxide, and the oxide of calcium and/or magnesium may also have the hydroxide of calcium and/or magnesium, just directly enters reactor (reactor is generally represented with 2) then.For active oxidation thing and/or hydroxide, water or mostly be that water vapour sprays in the flue gas of reactor 2, water or steam just react with calcium oxide and/or magnesia, generate corresponding hydroxide, so just, activate oxide, also activated the hydroxide that may exist in the flue gas.Partly hydroxide and the sulfur dioxide reaction that still exists in the flue gas 8 generate corresponding sulphite, because the existence of oxygen has the further oxidation of a part of sulphite at least, generate corresponding sulfate.Adjusting enters the water yield of reactor 2 to low level like this, makes the heat of flue gas 8 be enough to evaporate the water that enters in the reactor 2.Therefore, do basically, the product of floating dust class just can resemble the same mode of other dust and be removed in the dust separator 3 of routine, and the flue gas 11 of coming out from separator 3 directly enters flue 13, and separated dust 10 may be accepted further processing.
The order that adds entry and hydroxide is not vital.Therefore, might be added to water or water vapour in the stove, the hydroxide of powdery is added in somewhere, stove rear portion, or be added in the smoke tube of stove back or in the reactor.
One of other advantage of the present invention is that this method can be applicable to the stove that any kind burner is housed.The size of stove is not strict factor, do not need the hydroxide of calcium and/or magnesium in the burning indoor circulation, therefore can avoid selecting expensive circulation fluidized bed or baroque EGR, also can avoid the too much dust that operating principle caused owing to it, and required thus dust separation.Compare with the spraying method of knowing in the past, than simpler the latter understands plug nozzle easily with slurry, and make and mix difficulty when water or water vapour are sprayed into reactor 2.
The present invention is narrated in more detail by following example.
Embodiment 1
Is sulfur content 1.4% coal, in the powder coal stove that per hour 70 tons are added to 600 megawatts, carries out full load operation, adds excessive combustion air, makes that oxygen content is 4% in the flue gas.
Be content 90% calcium hydroxide, according to the sulfur content that enters in the stove internal combustion, by a certain variable proportion, add in the stove, the theoretical equivalent of said calcium hydroxide be about 2.5 tons/time, calcium hydroxide and water and/or water vapour spray in the flue gas of flue gas conduit, or in the flue gas of the separate reactor of cigarette air guide conduit back.
From energy-conservation viewpoint, great advantage of the present invention is to spray water by the separate reactor after being positioned at all heat recovery surfaces, to increase the moisture content in the flue gas.
The increase of moisture content in the flue gas can increase the reactivity of calcium hydroxide, so calcium hydroxide can be rapidly and existing oxide reaction in the flue gas.The content of moisture is high more from the flue gas that go out on top, can remove sulfur dioxide effectively more from flue gas., from energy-conservation viewpoint, the heat that desirable operation is in the chemical reaction and is discharged is enough to evaporate the water that is added.If wish to improve the final temperature of flue gas, both can use outer heat, the flue gas stream of available heat is realized again.
Result such as following table show in the table according to the present invention to change the amount that enters the calcium hydroxide in the stove, with the relation of the amount of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas.The amount of calcium hydroxide is to represent with calcium content in the powdery calcium hydroxide and the mol ratio that enters the sulfur content in the furnace fuel.The temperature of flue gas is to measure before water or the water vapour place near adding, and 800 ℃ is exception, because water or water vapour directly enter in the stove under this temperature.
Table 1
Ca/s flue gas B)Flue gas 302 reduction amounts
Temperature s(℃) temperature ω (℃) (%)
0.48 800 A)108 42
0.52 50 65 56
1.52 202 74 77
1.56 90 68 82
2.20 200 72 87
2.22 120 62 96
2.3 110 68 93
2.5 90 66 97
4.1 800 110 72
4.0 120 68 98
A) water or water vapour enter in the stove
B) near the front of water feed points
Embodiment 2
To contain the mode of the calcium magnesium hydroxide of calcium hydroxide 45%, magnesium hydroxide 45% and impurity 10%, under corresponding condition, add in the stove according to embodiment 1.Calcium-magnesium hydroxide and water and/or water vapour both can be added in the stove inner flue gas, also can be added to the flue gas of the separate reactor that is arranged in the stove back.
The content that moisturizes makes calcium hydroxide have high reactivity especially, therefore, the sulfur oxide that exists in calcium hydroxide and the flue gas is reacted rapidly.If the mol ratio of calcium content and sulphur is at least 1 in the calcium hydroxide, reaction mainly takes place between calcium hydroxide and sulfur oxide, and the magnesium hydroxide reaction is slower, does not change substantially and just passes through reaction zone.
If calcium-magnesium hydroxide is added in the flue gas of heat, the possibility of result is that magnesium hydroxide resolves into magnesia and water, or all calcium-magnesium hydroxide resolves into calcium oxide and magnesia and water.In this case, every kind of oxide itself and sulfur oxide reaction, when flue gas is cold, and moisture content is when increasing, the renewable hydrate of oxide, thus further react with sulfur oxide.If the mol ratio of calcium and sulphur is at least 1, reaction result and condition are consistent with table 1 intermediate value basically, this be since the calcium compound respond rapider due to.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of gaseous sulphide of from flue gases of furnace, removing, the method as sulfur dioxide is characterized in that:
A) except that the sulphur-containing substance (4) and a kind of gas (5) of burning, and a kind of mealy alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide are added in stove (1) or (6), or be added in the flue gas that contains sulfur dioxide from stove with oxygen.
B) water (9) and/or water vapour are added to respectively in stove (1), separate reactor (2) and/or the flue gas (8), and be last
C) in the solid that obtains as product (10), contain alkali metal and/or alkali earth metal sulfate and may be sulphite, in separator (3), separate with gas (11).
2,, it is characterized in that the powdery hydroxide (6,6 ') that adds surpasses the amount that becomes corresponding proportion with sulfur content in the flue gas according to the method for claim 1.
3, according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that being 50-800 ℃ when the temperature (8) of flue gas, when being preferably 90-200 ℃, spray into water (9) and/or water vapour.
4, according to any one the method for claim 1-3, it is characterized in that spraying into the water in the flue gas (8), the amount decision that the heat energy that maximum consumption is produced by flue gas and reaction can evaporation water.
5, according to any one the method for claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the hydroxide that adds is the mixture of calcium hydroxide or a kind of calcium-magnesium hydroxide.
CN85108066.9A 1985-04-24 1985-11-07 Process for removing gaseous sulfur compounds and sulfur dioxide from furnace flue gases Expired CN1005312B (en)

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FI851623 1985-04-24
FI851623A FI78846B (en) 1985-04-24 1985-04-24 FOERFARANDE FOER AVLAEGSNANDE AV GASFORMIGA SVAVELFOERENINGAR OCH SVAVELDIOXID UR ROEKGASER I EN PANNA.

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CN85108066A true CN85108066A (en) 1986-10-22
CN1005312B CN1005312B (en) 1989-10-04

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AU (1) AU579902B2 (en)
BE (1) BE903598A (en)
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CA (1) CA1289336C (en)
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FR (1) FR2580950B1 (en)
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HU (1) HU202422B (en)
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CN108579356A (en) * 2018-04-02 2018-09-28 安徽蓝天盈丰环保科技有限公司 A kind of smoke desulfurizing dust-remover for boiler and method

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DK515485A (en) 1986-10-25
DD240839A5 (en) 1986-11-19
BE903598A (en) 1986-03-03
CS808085A2 (en) 1990-09-12
ES548285A0 (en) 1986-10-01
NZ213859A (en) 1989-08-29
ES8700307A1 (en) 1986-10-01
PL256163A1 (en) 1986-11-04
FR2580950B1 (en) 1990-05-25
RO93449A (en) 1987-12-31
GB2174082B (en) 1988-11-23
SE461958B (en) 1990-04-23
PL148176B1 (en) 1989-09-30
YU44580B (en) 1990-10-31
HUT48126A (en) 1989-05-29
DE3539348A1 (en) 1986-10-30
YU173285A (en) 1988-04-30
CA1289336C (en) 1991-09-24
FI78846B (en) 1989-06-30
ZA858476B (en) 1986-07-30
HU202422B (en) 1991-03-28
SE8505270D0 (en) 1985-11-07
CN1005312B (en) 1989-10-04
NL8503081A (en) 1986-11-17
CH672265A5 (en) 1989-11-15
JPS61287420A (en) 1986-12-17
FI851623L (en) 1986-10-25
AU4907785A (en) 1986-10-30
DK515485D0 (en) 1985-11-08
BG60231B1 (en) 1994-01-24
GB2174082A (en) 1986-10-29
IT1185833B (en) 1987-11-18
JPH0415007B2 (en) 1992-03-16
IT8567943A0 (en) 1985-11-08
GB8527455D0 (en) 1985-12-11
BG60231B2 (en) 1994-01-18
SE8505270L (en) 1986-10-25
FR2580950A1 (en) 1986-10-31
CS274270B2 (en) 1991-04-11
AU579902B2 (en) 1988-12-15

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