CN85105843A - Smoking product containing tobacco through bubbling, being crushed to - Google Patents

Abstract

Employing is made tobacco product by the method that the hole circle on the die orifice 22 24 squeezes out multiply material bar 32, and extruding mixes wet feed and comprises tobacco and adhesive.Extruding condition produces expanded when mixing extrusion mould-outlet for making the contained humidity vaporization.The material bar of extruding is turned round and is twisted in together, so that formation cylinder adhered to one another, and gas channel therebetween becomes vertically to pass through with cylinder substantially.Compound also can contain filler, other blowing agents, the multifunctional acid such as citric acid or phosphoric acid and alcohol, and at one preferably in the method, adhesive mixed with water before mixing with other components.

Description

Smoking product containing tobacco through bubbling, being crushed to

The present invention relates to be that the mixture that will contain tobacco bubbles, extruding and make tobacco product.

The United States Patent (USP) 4 of promulgation on April 16th, 1985,510, No. 950 and on July 18th, 1984 disclosed corresponding european patent application introduced a kind of like this method for No. 0113595: moistening suction burning mixt is inserted the extruder die orifice, contained moisture content converts steam in extruding suction burning mixt, tobacco product is bubbled, through being crushed to cylindrical substantially smoking product.This goods are whole,, suppose to make cigarette that is, and what extruding was come out is 8 millimeters sub-thread tobacco product of diameter.

Although this goods are than prior art advanced person, in some cases, can deliquescing when sucking and be scattered.In addition, in some cases, the difficulty suction is moving and uncontrollable too greatly and/or too for this goods resistance to suction (RTD).

Thereby, still be necessary to seek a kind ofly to be easy to make, resistance to suction and other physical property all be easy to be controlled within the desirable scope, and the tobacco product that is received by the market.

The invention solves above-mentioned these problems and some other problem, it is described as follows:

Wide speech, the present invention relates to a kind ofly be the tobacco product that cylindrical multiply contains tobacco substantially through what push, be bonded.Usually this tobacco product comprises that the multiply co-extruded is come out and along the material bar of tobacco product longitudinal extension.Each strand material bar bonds mutually, but leaves gas channel between the material bar.These passages are longitudinal extension with tobacco product basically.The formation of material bar and gas channel provides enough holdup times of enough heat conduction area or both all to be equipped with, thereby the thermal current that the smoker is inhaled to the tobacco product far-end cools down, make the gas flow temperature that flows out by the tobacco product far-end suitable, the smoker is not felt well.This tobacco product also comprises: (a) about 5-98% weight, granularity can be as big as about 5 purpose tobacco particles, (b) about 0-60% weight, granularity can be as big as about 350 microns filler, (c) adhesive of about 2-40% weight and (d) bulk density of water, these goods of 5-20% weight within 0.05-1.5% gram/cubic centimetre scope.

Preferably arbitrarily bonding between the material bar along appearance.

The used adhesive of these goods can be selected from following (1) cellulosic binders: hydroxy propyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose with and sodium salt, sylvite and ammonia salt, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium salt thereof, sylvite and ammonia salt, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and their mixture; Or be selected from following (2) natural glue, improve natural glue and composite adhesives: pectin and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, starch, guar gum and derivative thereof, hemicellulose,

Ton, curdlan,

Ton this glue salt of dream (a salt of xanthamonas gum), carageenan, alginic acid and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, chitosan and water-soluble salt thereof, oxygen base cellulose, polyvinyl maleic acid polymer and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, microcrystalline cellulose, glucan, dextrin, fibrous cellulose and their mixture; Or be selected from the mixture of cellulosic binders, natural glue, improvement natural glue or composite adhesives.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to make foaming, extruding, that be bonded together, multiply, contain tobacco and be cylindrical tobacco product, these goods substantially and comprise that multiply is extruded jointly and along the material bar of tobacco product longitudinal extension.The material bar preferably is bonded together naturally with extrusion process, to leave gas channel between the material bar.These passages preferably form at random, but substantially along the tobacco product longitudinal extension.The formation of material bar and passage provides enough hot conducting region or enough holdup time or both all to be equipped with, so that the thermal current that the smoker inhales to the tobacco product far-end cools down, makes the gas flow temperature that flows out by the tobacco product far-end suitable, and the smoker is not felt well.This method comprises the following steps: about 5-95% weight, granularity be can be as big as about 5 purpose tobacco particles, about 0-60% weight, granularity can be as big as the adhesive (all in butt) of about 350 microns filler particles and about 2-40% weight, and water is mixed together, and makes the moistening compound of moisture about 15-50% weight; Squeeze out this moistening compound in the temperature and pressure condition that moistening compound can be pushed out by the porous die orifice, thereby form multiply material bar.Moisture content in (I) above-mentioned compound changes into steam, bubbles so that respectively expect bar, arbitrarily bonds together along its surface between (II) material bar.In addition, the present invention also can use certain bonding agent or other processing methods beyond extruding condition and temperature, makes material bar surface produce tacky surfaces, thereby makes the material bar bonding along its inclined outer surface each other.

In one embodiment, this method (" method A ") comprises the following steps:

(a) will about 5-95% weight, granularity can be as big as about 5 purposes, OV value can be as big as about 350 microns filler (II) and about 2-40% weight about the tobacco particle (I) of 3-20% and about 0-60% weight, granularity adhesive dried mixed (all in butt);

(b) step (a) is prepared dry blend mixes with water, makes the moistening compound of moisture about 15-50% weight;

(c) under the humidity of can the moistening compound that step (b) is prepared extruding, pressure condition, squeeze out this moistening compound by the porous die orifice, thereby make multiply material bar, the moisture content of above-mentioned compound is converted to steam, so that respectively expect the bar foaming, bond mutually along its outer surface between the material bar.

In another embodiment, this method (" method B ") comprises the following steps:

(1) will about 5-98% weight, granularity can be as big as about 5 purposes, the tobacco particle of OV value between 3-20% and about 0-60% weight, granularity big do to about 350 microns filler mixed;

(2) make way that adhesive mixes with water with the pre-hydration of the adhesive of 2-40% weight, thus the viscosity of activated adhesive;

(3) dry blend with step (1) preparation mixes with the pre-hydration adhesive of step (2) preparation, makes the moistening compound of the about 15-50% weight of water content;

(4) push moistening compound by the said method of step (c) among the method A.

Tobacco product of the present invention is easy to make, and resistance to suction and other physical properties are all easy to control within ideal range.In addition, the tobacco product that is bonded together of multiply demonstrates astonishing combination property.Its hardness and the anti-power of being scattered all are better than the sub-thread tobacco product greatly, and resistance to suction packed density, taste and other performance are still within desirable commodity coverage.This put astonishing reason be the tobacco product made physical property so complexity usually be to have overcome a unfavorable product defects and make other finished product character become not ideal enough.For example, the hardness of sub-thread tobacco product can be improved with increasing packed density or change component, but the former variation can make each goods increase amount of tobacco used, and increases resistance to suction; The latter's change may change the fragrance of goods.

Other advantage of the present invention can come into plain view from this specification.

For the convenience that the present invention is further discussed, the spy provides following accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of barrel formula extruding end face, and demonstrates the present invention and advise the die orifice that adopts;

The cross sectional side view that Fig. 2 analyses along Figure 12-2 line;

Fig. 3 is the perspective view of die orifice;

Fig. 4 is the front view of die orifice;

Fig. 5 is the side sectional view of analysing along Figure 45-5 line;

Fig. 6 is the distribution map in die orifice hole;

Fig. 7 be leave extruder barrel shown in Figure 1, also with the perspective view that contains tobacco section bar of steam treatment;

Fig. 8 is the perspective view of tobacco product of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the end-view of the end of tobacco product;

Figure 10 is the side sectional view of analysing along 10-10 line among Fig. 9.

Multiply through pushing, being bonded substantially is cylindrical tobacco product of the present invention and comprises the material strip that multiply squeezes out jointly, and these material strips are bonded together naturally with extrusion process, make tobacco product; Or in will pushing material strip extruding last handling process, be bonded together, making articles, bonding result is " being bonded together ", namely fully is bonded as a whole structure rather than dispersion or loose material strip between each material strip and simply makes up. So-called material strip " is jointly extruded " and refer to that material strip pushes from the different hole of same die orifice, and the extrusion speed in each hole preferably all is same linear speed. In the embodiment of this recommendation, material strip arbitrarily bonds mutually, reserves the passage that forms at random, connect the goods tendency.

The formation of material strip and thermal current passway provides enough holdup times of enough heat conductive area or both all standby, thereby the thermal current that makes the smoker inhale rear tobacco product far-end cools down, make the temperature of the air-flow that flows out through far-end suitable, the smoker is not felt well. So-called " temperature is suitable " refers to be lower than 150 °F, is usually less than 135 °F, is lower than 120 °F better, is preferably lower than 100 °F.

If material strip be disperse or in conjunction with not tight, material strip can vertically move and is scattered by tobacco product, or material strip is mobile along the footpath, and makes tobacco product lose its cylindrical body. And, at random bonding and flow out with thick passage in order to the air-flow/aerosol that prevents the smoker and suck with passage between this material strip of gas channel at random that forms between the material strip in conjunction with suitably adjusting material strip. This passage makes gas/aerosol Can not with enough Surface Contacts, and they can not stop time enough in tobacco product, it is fully cooled down. So-called multiply tobacco product " is bonded together " and refers to look after bonding still sensuously all with tobacco product (such as cigarette) that conventional method is made. This tobacco product is to consist of like this: material strip or bar bundle that distortion is bonded together can reduce the smoke gas flow passage. Form so more tortuous smoke gas flow passage, increase passage length and improve relative resistance to suction.

The material strip of the tobacco-containing material that forms separately or bundle bar are more dried, and they are bonded together can not obtain product of the present invention. Unless resemble regulation add adhesive, use the distortion of specially treated conditioned disjunction, otherwise this tobacco product generally can not reach the desirable balance between all properties, for example, be abundant cooling blast/aerocolloidal inner passage tortuosity, acceptable resistance to suction, packed density, fragrance, sensation etc.

And can many factors all can affect the tobacco product that pushes with the combination ingredient in the invention scope form the tobacco product that is bonded together with desirable gas channel, and this will explain hereinafter. Water content in the consumption of the kind of extruder, the formation of die orifice, adhesive and other additive (as: reinforcing agent) and kind, the composition, the operating temperature of extruder and extrusion speed all are above-mentioned influence factors.

Tobacco used herein can be the tobacco of any kind, be generally the tobacco that grinds, can be Fo Jini hypotype tobacco, burley, east tobacco or their mixture, grind the tobacco of restructuring, the offal that grinds, crude opium or offal or their mixture. Tobacco can strengthen in advance or expanding treatment to increase its filling capacity. This tobacco product contains the tobacco of 5-98% weight approximately, to contain approximately 2.5-98% weight for well.

Tobacco is in butt, but in practice, for example, can contain the moisture content of 3-20%. When using dry offal, can add some water increasing its moisture content, thus the mixing of convenient dry blend. No matter the moisture content of dry blend is from the moisture content that adds or from the self-contained moisture content of component material, all can be regarded as wet mixture moisture content.

Regardless of the source of tobacco particle, the particles used granularity of the present invention can be as big as about 5 orders (4 millimeters). Basically all particles are better less than 35 orders (500 microns), and particle is best less than 50 orders (300 microns). When the grain graininess of usefulness during greater than 35 order, be necessary when the preparation wet mixed feed, to add The acid of multi-functional group, for example citric acid or phosphoric acid and their ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite are so that the tobacco product that extruding is come out has desirable profile and foaming. Acid or the addition of its salt of multi-functional base are the 0.1-15% weight of tobacco product weight, with the amount that contains about 2-10% weight for well.

Adhesive preferably is selected from cellulosic binders, natural glue, improved natural glue, composite adhesives and their mixture. Cellulosic binders is selected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose with and sodium salt, sylvite and ammonia salt, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium salt thereof, sylvite and ammonia salt, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and their mixture.

Cellulosic binders preferably is selected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and ammonia salt and alkali metal salt, hydroxyethylcellulose and their mixture. The mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose is particularly suitable. The amount that is present in cellulosic binders in the tobacco product is about 40% weight of 0-, with about 1-30% weight for well.

Natural glue, improvement natural glue and composite adhesives are selected from following material: pectin and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, and starch, guar gum, chitin, chitosan,

Ton and their derivative (for example, the hydroxypropyl guar gum), hemicellulose, curdlan,

Ton this glue salt of dream (a salt of xanthamonas gum); carageenan; oxygen base cellulose; polyvinyl alcohol, acetyl group maleic anhydride polymer, acetyl group maleic acid polymer and sodium salt thereof, sylvite and ammonia salt; microcrystalline cellulose; glucan, dextrin, fibrous cellulose and their mixture. The amount that is present in natural glue, improvement natural glue and composite adhesives in the tobacco product is about 40% weight of 0-.

Be present in the total amount of adhesive in the tobacco product between about 2-40% weight. Typical binder combination is the hydroxypropyl cellulose of 5% weight, the starch of the carboxymethyl cellulose of 2.5% weight and 2.5% weight. Another typical adhesive prescription is the hydroxypropyl cellulose of 1% weight, the hydroxypropyl guar gum of 4% weight and the starch of 5% weight.

That these goods also can comprise is that any and other component match, the granularity limit is at about 350 microns granular materials, as filler. Filler preferably is selected from following material: calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, magnesia, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide, hydrated alumina, clay, silica and their mixture, wherein with calcium carbonate for well. When adding filler, addition all is cigarettes The 5-60% weight of product weight.

Tobacco product dry or balance contains the moisture content of about 5-20% weight, and this is usually as baking oven volatile substance (OV) measured value. The moisture content that preferably contains about 8-17% weight in the tobacco product.

The packed density of this tobacco product is approximately the 0.05-1.5 grams per milliliter, wherein approximately the 0.10-1.0 grams per milliliter for well. These goods have loose structure, make cigarette (gas/aerosol) passage flow of articles to the smoker to guarantee static combustion and to leave passage. The space that produces between the packed density of these goods and loose structure and the material strip is relevant, have the tobacco product and the tobacco product with the gas channel that forms at random by the inventive method of the packed density in this prescribed limit, good burning velocity and good flue gas transportation performance are arranged.

This tobacco product also can comprise being the alcohol of dissolved cellulose adhesive with the alcohol of the 0.001-1% weight cellulosic binders compatibility, about. This alcohol be selected from ethanol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, just-propyl alcohol and their mixture. When the alcohol that exists in the tobacco product may be from the shaping tobacco product. The alcohol in order to the moisture content that reduces the die orifice extrudate that adds also may be the residual alcohol of perfuming carrier.

This tobacco product also can contain the crosslinked or reinforcing agent of the 0.1-40% weight of having an appointment (preferably about 0.5-20% weight). Reinforcing agent adds before extruding, and then crosslinked in extrusion process, this reinforcing agent is selected from following material: alginic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, pectic acid, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, their water-soluble salt and their mixture. The also calcium of available 0.1-10.0% weight, magnesium and/or aluminium water-soluble salt.

The multiply goods that this tobacco product is preferably made is cylindrical substantially, be bonded together.The about 2-3.5 millimeter of its diameter, with the 4-2.5 millimeter for well.Various cross sectional shapes can be made with suitable die orifice, for example, and ellipse, star, cylindrical and other similar shape, suitably appearance after also can pushing.These material bars are made with common cigarette or cigar so long usually, the class material windings such as combustible housing that available cigarette paper cigar wrapper or co-extruded go out.These goods both can be used as no filter tip " cigarette " or " cigar " sold on market, and also available yew paper tipping is made on cigarette and is with tobacco product with filter tip.

Various spices commonly used in cigarette industry and/or NMF can add before extruding or be added in subsequently on the article that push.

The inventive method comprises: (I) mixes or the tobacco that is mixed, adhesive, filler, crosslinked or reinforcing agent and other required composition, make moistening mix together with water, squeeze out moistening mix by the porous die orifice, thereby form multiply material bar, extruding condition is, moisture content in the batching is made by conversion steam expect that respectively bar bubbles when the extruder die orifice, (II) material bar is adhered to one another.The material also available glue of bar or similar substance or other manufacturing process are handled, and expect that respectively bar produces one deck adhesive surface as long as can make, and cause them can be together bonding along its extexine.

Smoking mixture, cellulosic binders, filler, water and other required composition can be used common mixing apparatus.Prepared compound is the moistening compound of the about 15-50% weight of water content.

One embodiment of the invention, method A comprises the following steps: that (a) does tobacco particle and adhesive, filler and other required composition mixed; (b) dry blend is mixed with water, make moistening mix; (c) under the above-mentioned military extruding condition that the material bar is bubbled and make up mutually, squeeze out wet mixed feed by the porous die orifice.

Another better embodiment, method B comprises the following steps: that (1) does tobacco particle and filler and any other required composition to mix; (2) with adhesive material and the pre-hydration of water, with the viscosity of activated adhesive; (3) adhesive of mixing dry blend and pre-hydration forms moistening compound; (4) expect respectively that above-mentioned making bar bubbles and makes under their conditions adhered to one another, squeezes out moistening compound by the porous die orifice.

In method A, the available any conventional mixing apparatus of the mixing of step (a) carries out.The prepared dry blend of step (a) mixes with water in step (b) and forms the moistening compound that contains 15-50% weight water approximately.Step (b) is carried out with conventional mixing apparatus, for example, and horizontal tempering tank, the most handy low shearing mixing apparatus.

In method B, step (2), water can carry out adhesive and the pre-hydration of other material requested with any conventional mixing apparatus.Equally, step (1) is done mixed tobacco particle, filler and other material requested and also can be carried out with the mixing apparatus of any routine.Step (3), the dry blend of the adhesive of the pre-hydration of blend step (2) preparation and step (1) preparation also can carry out with conventional mixing apparatus.Continue from the preceding paragraph, then resulting wet mixed feed is sent into the charging aperture of extruder, this point hereinafter can be described in more detail.At one preferably in the embodiment, method B uses together in conjunction with the extruder of the positive discharge capacity of double helix, multiple feed inlet.Add adhesive material at extruder the 1st charging aperture, add entry or similar solvent at the 2nd charging aperture, the 2nd charging aperture after binder matrix is inserted, with the processing by extruder barrel, is sheared and homogeneity on general distance below the 1st charging aperture so simultaneously.Mix with water when adhesive is by the 2nd charging aperture then, through extruder barrel, make the pre-hydration of adhesive with filler.Carry out step (2)-pre-hydration in this way.Step (1) is mixed tobacco, filler and other material in conventional mixing apparatus.From the 3rd charging aperture the batch mixing of admixture is inserted extruder barrel then, the 3rd charging aperture is on general distance below the 2nd charging aperture.Like this, the pre-hydration adhesive material of step (2) preparation mixes in the process of continuous feed with tobacco and other material of step (1) preparation.

Water content in the moistening mixed ingredients is most important.If water content drops to below about 15% weight, the puckery resistance of die orifice can increase the porous so that the surface of extrudate becomes and coarse, and the foaminess that generates is not ideal enough.When water content surpasses about 50% weight, batching is fully bubbled by die orifice the time, it is not enough that the energy that is provided just seems.And, perhaps need to pay the state that more energy reaches dry products to share, equally also need extra energy that the material bar is bubbled.Moisture content also makes the material bar that squeezes out not have desirable (preferably forming at random) gas channel and the multiply tobacco product that is bonded together by one-tenth bonded to each other very little or too much.Can be with pushing back drying box dry products, the temperature and humidity that is dried to hope is to obtain required loose structure.Drying box with microwave box for well.Product places one section reasonable time under the microwave, can make tobacco product possess desirable packed density.

In general, the easier moisture absorption of the common specific adhesion base of tobacco particle, water absorption rate is also fast.Any moisture content that tobacco absorbs has surpassed the final water capacity of desirable 5-20% weight, just must be removed.Typical method is dry, as uses microwave energy.And resulting extrudate moisture content is low more, and extrudate just is easy to handle more, and the power consumption of dry extrudate is also few more simultaneously.

In method A, water joins in the dried mixed ingredients of adhesive, tobacco and other material.In method B, if not adding all tobaccos, water added in the dry adhesives earlier before adding most of batching.Comparatively speaking, the viscosity of activation jointing material, method B ratio method A water is few, this is because in method B, adhesive needn't with the tobacco contention water of any tobacco or any meaningful amount.Because pre-hydration adhesive, water directly are defeated by the adhesive that needs water, the product of the equality strength of producing with method A is compared, and has reduced the total water amount, so preferably adopt method B.

Another result of pre-hydration is because adhesive places most of water, and need not to strive water with other composition, so compare with the adhesive among the method A, it quantitatively and is qualitatively all activated more fully.Therefore, produce the equal extrudate that obtains with using method A, the amount of required adhesive can reduce significantly.It is not only more economical to reduce binder dosage, but also can improve the various quality of tobacco product: the quality of taste, sensation, fragrance, color and flue gas.Binder dosage is few more, and cigarette product quality is good more.

The pre-hydration process that method B is used, the method A that produces activation abundant many jointing materials, the adhesive of the pre-hydration of result is also more tacky.Because by requirement using method B of the present invention, some extruder or mixing apparatus can not produce necessary strength and handle and squeeze out tobacco product, a small amount of tobacco particle (most preferably less than the tobacco of 5% weight), a spot of filler or other interpolation component and adhesive are done the mixed ingredients that mixes pre-then hydration adhesive, tobacco or other component, and it is favourable doing like this.Resulting wet mixed feed ratio of viscosities does not add the low of tobacco or other component, and is easier to handle, and need not increase considerably the moisture content of batch mixing.

And owing to bonding pre-hydrating agents may be bonded on the mixing apparatus very much, to mix be favourable so adhesive done with a small amount of tobacco particle, filler or both.The addition of tobacco is most preferably less than 5% weight.Then with the pre-hydration of dry blend, thus the wet mixed feed of making binder-treatment equipment not too, and comparatively speaking, material excessively is easier to uniform treatment from a step to another step process.

In addition, can part adhesive and tobacco is dried mixed, the pre-hydration of residue adhesive.Owing to exist (later water is absorbed by tobacco and adhesive dry blend) of the water that relative excess is arranged, ratio of viscosities is lower, and batch mixing is more easily handled.Although intersection smoking mixture and adhesive are not done slightly height of water content like this than in above-mentioned steps in step (1) and step (2), it is more effective to do the adhesive effect like this, and the extrudate of consequently preparing is more dried and stronger than usefulness method A resulting product.

Moist compound is inserted extruder and is handled, and this point will be described in detail hereinafter.Extruder can be a Dancheng spiral shell axle boiling extruder, and the extruder of promptly a kind of high temperature/weak point holdup time is actually a kind of Archimedean screw pump.This extruder is always in Applications in Food Industry.Other extruder that is suitable for has hydraulic piston extruder, drift extruder, the extruder (the chamber tube is made up of body shell, spacer ring and panel [or die orifice] that public auger and female auger are integrated) of band chamber tube and the two spiral shell axle extruders with positive discharge capacity squeezing action.It is very important tobacco particle, adhesive and any other composition to be mixed thing before extruding.A place or many places in extruder barrel add the water content (for example, be higher than 15%OV may be needs) of water with the control batching.

In method A or method B, can in mix, select to add foaming agent.Foaming agent preferably is selected from down routine material: air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ammonium carbonate, aminoquinoxaline, azide, hydrazides, pentane, hexane, heptane, fontanel fluoro carbon, pyrroles, acetone, ethanol, peroxide and azo dicarbonamide.Some this class foaming agent need add acid or alkali in order to decompose.Foaming agent will replenish the foaming effect of wet mixed feed institute water content, thereby water consumption is reduced.

Feed hopper is the starting point of extruder system.It is arranged on usually extruder near.Its effect is continuously to supply raw materials to other each flow process of extruder system.Feed hopper receives raw material from conventional mixer/condiment system, is sent to usually in the metering/feed arrangement of speed change.The gravity bin of available simple, low opening is as feed hopper, mixes filler in the step doing.

The normal speed change metering/feed arrangement that uses is sent into extruder with dry blend from feed hopper among the method A.Can add water then, add water both can be added in extruder import department also can be along machine barrel one place or many places add.Vibrations feed appliance and speed change feeding screw are two kinds of metering/feed arrangements commonly used.

Available intermediate treatment device such as the horizontal mixing drum that has monotubular or two derotation tubes in the step (b) mixes water and dry blend again.In mixing drum, continuously dry blend is mixed with water.Wet mixed feed is directly sent into recipient from mixing drum.In addition, the aquation of the dry blend of step (b) preparation can be finished in recipient.Method is to add water corresponding to the q.s of the injection ratio of the dry blend of step (b) preparation with the control injection rate, and water filling both can also can be at the downstream part of dry adhesives feeding in the extruder porch.

In method B, if select the multiple feed inlet extruder, each blend step can mix in the conventional mixer/dispensing equipment of speed change metering/feed arrangement respectively, and suitable mix is sent into extruder.For example, in method B, jointing material can mix at a place, feeds first charging aperture with the control rate of feed.At second place's smoking mixture, filler and other material, feed the 2nd charging aperture of the 1st charging aperture downflow direction with similarity method, to control the feeding rate equally.Water adds with controlled quantity, and at the pre-somewhere hydration adhesive in the front of tobacco compound injection extruder barrel, if necessary also can add entry at other place, with the control moisture content.

If have only the extruder of single charging aperture, adhesive light can pre-hydration in the intermediate treatment device.In another device, insert in the intermediate treatment device and mix then doing in advance mixed tobacco, filler and other material.Resulting wet mixed feed is directly fed extruder barrel.

Extruder barrel can be made segmentation or segment type, with single spiral packing separately.Make every joint all have oneself independently disposal ability like this.At the feed zone of extruder, raw material exists with the particle form of separating separately.Because these particles are fed forward in feed zone,, slightly raw material is compressed so the positive pressurisation action is arranged.This pushing effect is handed over particle and is mixed, and becomes more solid uniform batch mixing.

Along with raw material is shifted to die orifice, move into another district or several districts in addition, continue to keep this compression, and raw material mixes, the fierce shearing, causes compound to heat up, until like particulate material is transformed into dough one the time till.In these zones, also has a kind of positive pressurisation effect.These zones are usually than a little a little less than the feed zone positive acting.

Along with compound is shifted to final area before the die orifice, then be full of product in the extruder barrel fully, in this final area, leakage rate and pressure flow are all maximum, cause the shearing of viscosity higher, and this causes maximum heat production.Heat results from the mutual friction of particle and compound and helical axis and barrel relative motion friction.

Final die orifice has two main effects.First effect is to stop the mixture flow that gushes forward, so as to creating a kind of condition that produces leakage flow and pressure current.Second effect is moulding final products.The flow resistance function of die orifice is the greatest factor that adds heat mixture, because flow resistance can be controlled the pressure (and shearing) in the extruder barrel.The about 50-2500 pound of the pressure/inch of die orifice inlet ²For good, about 150-1500 pound/inch ²The time better.

In the method for the invention, preferentially select the porous die orifice for use, generally be approximately 10-30 hole.The diameter in each hole greatly about 0.010 inch (0.254 millimeter) to about 0.050 inch (1.27 millimeters) scope.The combination of the number of selecting hole and aperture two factors just can draw the diameter and the shape of required tobacco product.The hole must not be comparable size and same shape.Hereinafter will describe a kind of typical hole order arranges.Can use the die orifice of arrange with one heart hole order and outer circular opening.The material base that pushes out from circular opening can become similar cigar crust, the material bar that comes out in order to the winding co-extruded.

Generally, just bubble at once after product pushes out.Foaming is because extrudate leaves die orifice, leave the atmospheric pressure environment that the hyperbaric environment within the extruder enters the die orifice downstream direction, the result that moisture content, other blowing agent or the gas in the extrudate under atmospheric pressure was transformed into gas and was caused from superthermal liquid or Compressed Gas this moment.

This method will further describe with the extruder that is suitable for, and the extruder of other model also can effectively use certainly.An extruder that is suitable for is Wenger, model X20, and this is a kind of 6 districts helical axis/tube pressurizing unit, can buy from Kansas State Sabetha city Wenger manufactory.The various parameters in each district are listed in the table below:

Section helical axis type/Wenger No. cartridge type/Wenger No.

1 import/68638 imports/68714

The straight rib in 2 single lodicule/68327/68318

The straight rib in 3 single lodicule/68327/68318

4 pairs of lodicule/68326 spiral ribs/68372

5 pairs of lodicule/68326 spiral ribs/68372

Low awl spiral/68350,6 coneheads/68321

1,2,3 districts kneading extruding compound strengthens its elasticity, and hydration sizing material (adhesive), 4,5,6 district's shear-mixed material.If the helical axis in 6 districts is not taper, compound can be overdone.The porous die orifice is connected on the top in 6 districts.

Use 1/8 inch (3.175 millimeters) thick packing ring between end, 6 district and die orifice inlet, its internal diameter equates with 6 district's barrel dliameters.If use 1/4 inch (6.35 millimeters) thick packing ring, some compounds collect always and hang on the packing ring.The raw material that collection is hung can become piece ground to discharge die orifice occasionally.And if with 1/4 inch packing ring, with the compound that the present invention is suitable for, the extrudate undertreatment seemed wet, and was expanded insufficient.If without packing ring, extrudate may be handled too, cause therefrom boil black, expanded reduction.Therefore, any specific extruding mixture all has an optimization process scope, and the product of being produced outside this is all not ideal enough.

Product is pushed ahead by extruder barrel by the capsule of helical axis and helical axis periphery.An interlayer is arranged on the recipient, and interlayer can be used electrical heating, or heats with also available other liquid hot-fluid of recirculated water, Steam Heating.This just can control the temperature range that the cooling water in the interlayer is regulated the extruder urceolus with for example.Most of heat energy in the extruder is transformed by machinery.

Continued operation, the rate of temperature change that preferably is provided with and keeps vertically constantly increasing along extruder barrel.Maximum temperature is just in the place of die orifice or tight obedient near-lying mode mouth.Rate of temperature change is between 10-300 ℃, and is approximately better between 50-250 ℃.Usually the thermoelectric couple head is inserted in the runner, and be connected on thermometer or the automatic temperature control equipment.

6 zones of Wenger X20 device, each zone can both be heated or cool off.The temperature in 1-5 district is inessential, but also should be the enough high compound that passes through with processing, but can not be higher than (110 ℃) about 230 °F.The temperature in 6 districts should be greatly between 160 °F (71 ℃) to 260 °F (127 ℃).

With extruding mixture preferably described below, when manufacturing tobacco product of the present invention, measure to cooling water flow out of temperature as follows:

Zone temperatures (F ± 10)

1 do not measure but＜90

2 do not measure but＜90

3 90

4 125

5 125

6 180

Translate into accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is the end face of typical extruder barrel 20, and machine barrel has a porous of share 24 die orifices 22.(for brevity, this only is the schematic diagram of extruder barrel, does not have interlayer, cooling water pipe, thermoelectric amphitene or opens the device that head is changed die orifice)

Fig. 2 represents the helical axis 28 in the extruder barrel 20; Fillet 26(on the die orifice 22 has taper inner surface 30) match with corresponding lip 52, and prevent that die orifice 22 from squeezing out from head.Packing ring is between head 52 and machine barrel 20.

Fig. 3,4 and 5 be respectively die orifice 22 perspective, look closely and side sectional view.

The arrangement that Fig. 6 represents to make cigarettes plus with the mix of recommending is the hole order 24 of die orifice 22 preferably.Have 22 holes, each aperture is the 0.033-0.035 inch.There is a hole at the center, 14 holes, outer ring, inner ring 7 hole.Angle A is 12 °-51', and angle B is that 25 °-43'. angle C is 52 °-26'.Apparent youngster sees that easily these numerical value are rounded up to nearest branch.Inner ring hole order and the arrangement straggly of cycle hole order, (staggered) with cycle hole, so that do not have cycle hole or 2 inner ring holes the most close to be stacked on the line second month in a season with the center.Can prevent that so wide flow path from appearring in final products.The center of inner ring hole and cycle hole is dropped on two imaginary ring contours that are respectively 0.128 inch (3.25 millimeters) and 0.256 inch (6.5 millimeters) diameter.Center of each imagination ring all is the single centre bore of die orifice, i.e. that centre bore, and inner ring and outer ring are concentric.The die orifice of being advised, the hole order is 1/8 inch (3.175 millimeters) by the length on die orifice surface.

Fig. 7 shows that the material bar that squeezes out compound flows out die orifice 22 by hole 24.One leave die orifice material bar be expanded contact then together adhered to one another.The bar bundle cooling that the moist material bar that bonds together is formed begins hardening soon.Can further increase the tortuosity of tobacco product gas channel by the twisted strips bundle.Can on the adhesion plane, collect bar Shu Ranhou and send into drier.

Dry available any suitable mode is carried out.Better with microwave heating, because it can be dry along radiation direction uniformity ground.Desirable drying should make the water content of the plume bundle of method A preparation drop to about 12-15% weight from the about 25-35% weight that just goes out die orifice.

Application process B, the water content of plume bundle drops to about 12-15% weight from the about 20-35% weight that just goes out die orifice.

After the drying, can be with plume bundle packing cigarette paper, cut and add filter tip and make cigarette, as shown in Figure 8.Cigarette 34 comprises filler stream 38 and filter tip 36.

Fig. 9 is the end-view of the core bar 38 of cigarette 34.Flue gas path 44 is between the material bar 32.The contour of material bar 32 is not a positive garden shape, and this is because the material bar is in contact with one another the result of (adhesion) point deformation.

Because small difference is arranged by component in each die orifice hole and grain graininess, and because the pressure of each die orifice hole updrift side has nuance, so in the embodiment of being advised, material bar that squeeze out, expanded surface is level and smooth substantially, slightly some is irregular.This scrambling generally is at random, and its main cause is that the randomness of adjacent material bar contact causes.Under the normal condition, the material bar leaves after the die orifice, contact immediately, and since the viscosity of material just bond together at once once contact.If the material bar is fully not expanded (for example, because handle excessive or undertreatment or too much moisture or cause expanded insufficient very little), if or viscosity of material not enough (for example: cause viscosity not enough) because the material bar is too dried, too cold or adhesive is unsatisfactory, just desired contact and bonding can not take place, goods will not be as will possessing desirable distribution network without the extruding post processing.

The Kong Buying of die orifice is mutually too far away, otherwise the material bar that squeezes out can not in time contact with each other after leaving die orifice, and is well-bonded.If material bar discharge speed is too high, the material bar just became too cold before contacting with each other, fully gluing.And the linear speed of material bar by die orifice should be uniformly basically, in order that reduce to expect the linear movement between the bar as far as possible.In order to obtain at the uniform velocity, then need die orifice to have the hole order of different sizes, concrete condition depends on the used specific extruder and the concrete pressure condition of die orifice updrift side.

The hole purpose at interval and the temperature of extruding and discharging bar for expect bar adhered to one another be less important, this is that bar becomes sticky because heating is enough to make material, product just loses viscosity when just heating in hothouse, in other cases, according to material bar post processing requirement, use glue or other preparation condition so that adjacent material bar is adhered to one another.

Figure 10 is the enlarged drawing of filler stream 38 parts, and the core bar is surrounded by cigarette paper 40, burning 42 is arranged, path 44.The direction of arrow 48 expression drift smoker far-ends.When plume runs into material bar mutual adhesion district, stream 44 is blocked, plume can be by the indicated reverse flow of arrow 50 to the smoker.

Embodiment 1

For the preparation method of the tobacco product in the scope of the invention is described, special by the extrusion composition of method A preparation suggestion and with its extruding.Said composition preparation method: do earlier and mix.

90% weight tobacco end

5% weight hydroxypropyl cellulose

(the Klucel RHF that Hercules company produces)

2.5% weight carboxymethyl cellulose

(CMC7HF that Hercules company produces)

2.5% weight starch

(Kansas State Atchison city Lincoln cereal company

The pregelatinized cereal adhesive of the Lincoln's board #210F that produces)

Then mixture is put into the loading hopper of the extruder (above-mentioned Wenger X20) of being advised, the tobacco end is the compound of burley, Fo Jini hypotype tobacco and east type tobacco particle.All above-mentioned tobacco particles are basically all less than 80 orders.

Extruder charging aperture speed fixes on 10 rev/mins, per hour is equivalent to about 136 pounds of dry blends, and mixing drum speed fixes on 300 rev/mins.In order to show that institute's water content amount is to the effect of properties of product in the preparation wet mixed feed, a little contrast tests have also been done in the effect that the effect of extruder barrel temperature and extruder speed (processing speed of compound) change.Wenger X20 device is all used in all tests, the die orifice of the usefulness of advising and be 1/8 inch packing ring between 6 districts and die orifice.

The bar bundle that squeezes out (if formation) drying is wrapped paper (if possible), is cut into the cigarette core of 63 millimeters long, connects filter tip (if possible).Experimental condition and the results are shown in the following table.

Test example 591 and 591A-I are represented in the compound of die orifice 12 chargings moisture content or too much (testing routine 591C, D, E), or very few (testing routine 591B), and cause the material bar that squeezes out expanded or bond very poor.Comparative experimental example 591 and 591J-N represent the compound processing excessive (testing routine 591K) in the extruder, expect that bar can not suitably expanded and/or bonding and make.

A kind of extruder that more share is that the Baker-Perkins double helix that can buy on the market bores extruder, model MPF50D(or MPF50L).Baker-Perkins company is positioned at the Raleigh city that state is come in northern Carlow.

Embodiment 2

The following example is to adopt the Baker-Perkins double helix to bore extruder, and model MPF50D carries out.Long 1263.6 millimeters of this extruder extrusion chamber, the assembly of two augers wherein is equipped with identical, and used unit is as follows:

The auger assembly

The length parts

6.325 millimeter packing ring

508 millimeters packing rings

152.4 millimeter feed auger

63.5 5 45 jiaos of stirring arms that advance of millimeter

50.8 millimeter short distance screw thread feed auger

177.8 millimeter feed auger

12.7 1 stirring vane of millimeter

50.8 millimeter single head leading screw

63.5 5 45 jiaos of stirring arms that advance of millimeter

6.35 millimeter orifice plug

50.8 millimeter single head leading screw

6.35 1 stirring vane of millimeter

101.6 the single helical pitch porous die orifice of millimeter, die orifice panel diameter about 25.4

Millimeter, about 0.889 millimeter of aperture, hole count 22.

Auger 90 rotation oppositely interferes with each other preventing, also makes two about 50/64 millimeter deviation can be arranged between boring simultaneously.The Baker-Perkins extruder is provided with a plurality of charging apertures along its fuselage length, does not adopt the Wenger extruder to need to add mixing apparatus so do not resemble.Adhesive adds in 15: 1 place of draw ratio (L/D) counting reach from the pressed end die orifice, is that 12: 1 place adds in order to the water of pre-hydration adhesive count draw ratio from die orifice, and the tobacco end is that 10: 1 place adds count draw ratio from die orifice.The adhesive therefor compound is made up of following mix:

(Hercules company produces 1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose

The Klucil-H board)

(Henkel company produces 4 parts of hydroxypropyl guar gums

The milky way 781

)

5 parts of starch

Various extruding the results are shown in the following table II.

Test the product ratio that the pre-hydration adhesive techniques of employing method B is produced among routine c, d and the e and adopt A, the product that pre-hydration adhesive is produced wants much hard, and outward appearance is much better, wants much less although they contain adhesive.Using method B and pre-hydration adhesive allow to use the water of lesser amt to come extruding stem to mix thing in addition.In the test example of being made of method A " a ", can not use water and the amount of binder lacked than the embodiment consumption to produce satisfied product.

Claims (25)

1, preparation foaming, extrusion modling contain the method for the smoking product of tobacco, and this method comprises:

The moist mix of A preparation

A.1 mix contain 15%-50% water and

A.2 other composition (in butt), other composition is made up of following component:

A.2.1.5-98% the tobacco particle of weight,

A.2.1.1 the tobacco granularity can be as big as 5 orders (4 millimeters),

A.2.2.0-60% the filler of weight,

A.2.2.1 the granularity of filler is not more than 350 microns,

A.2.3 with the adhesive of 2-40% weight;

B. by having the die orifice of porous, squeeze out moist tobacco compound, form multiply material bar, the steam foaming that the material bar is become by the part water transform, and be bonded together, forming tobacco product, its density range is between the 0.05-1.5 grams per milliliter.

2, the claimed method of claim 1, the material bar that wherein is extruded out twists together.

3, claim 1 or 2 claimed methods, it further comprises with certain material makes the adhesion that all becomes of each strand material bar surface, with they contacts, is bonded together then.

4, the claimed method of claim 1, wherein filler is selected from following material: calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, magnesia, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide, hydrated alumina, clay, silica, diatomite and their mixture.

5, the claimed method of claim 1; wherein adhesive is a cellulosic binders; can be selected from hydroxypropyl cellulose; carboxy methyl cellulose and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite; crosslinked carboxy methylcellulose and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite; hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and their mixture.

6, the claimed method of claim 1, wherein adhesive is to be selected from pectin and sodium salt, sylvite and ammonia salt, starch, guar gum and derivative thereof, hemicellulose,

Ton coagulates sugar (curdlan),

Ton this glue of dream (Xanthamenas gum), OK a karaoke club lucky that (carageenan), alginic acid and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, oxygen base cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, ethene maleic anhydride polymer, EMA polymer and sodium salt thereof, sylvite and ammonia salt, microcrystalline cellulose, glucan, dextrin, fibrous cellulose and their mixture.

7, the claimed method of claim 1 is wherein done and is mixed multi-functional base acid or its ammonia salt, sodium salt or the sylvite that contains 0.1-15% weight in the thing.

8, the claimed method of claim 7, wherein multi-functional basic acid is citric acid.

9, the claimed method of claim 7, wherein multi-functional basic acid is phosphoric acid.

10, the claimed method of claim 1 is wherein done and is mixed the crosslinked or hardening agent that contains 0.1-40% weight in the thing, and it is selected from alginic acid, carboxyl methyl chitin, pectic acid, chitosan, their water-soluble salt and their mixture.

11, the claimed method of claim 1, wherein do to mix contain in the thing be selected from ethane alcohol, methane alcohol, different propane alcohol, just-pure and mild their alcohol of 2-40% weight of mixture of propane.

12, the claimed method of claim 1, wherein tobacco particle is made up of the mixed thing of doing of 50-98%.

13, the claimed method of claim 1, wherein adhesive mixed making its pre-hydration earlier with water before being mixed and made into moist mix with other component.

14, the claimed method of claim 13, wherein part adhesive and other dry component are mixed, and the pre-hydration of system remainder is with this tendency that reduces the viscosity of pre-hydration adhesive and weaken its easily sticking process equipment.

15, claim 13 or 14 claimed methods, wherein the tobacco particle with as many as 5.0% weight adds pre-hydration adhesive.

16, the tobacco product of making of the described method of above-mentioned any one claim.

17, a kind of through extruding, bondingly make multiply, contain tobacco, cylindrical substantially tobacco product, this tobacco product comprises that multiply is along tobacco product tendency material bar that extend, that co-extruded is come out, these material bars bond mutually, but to leave gas channel betwixt, these gas channels extend along the tobacco product tendency substantially, the formation of material bar and gas channel provides enough enough holdup times of heat conductive area, or make the smoker be drawn onto the thermal current cooling of tobacco product far-end, and make the flue-gas temperature that flows out from the tobacco product far-end that the smoker is not felt well; This tobacco product also comprises:

(a) approximately 5-98% weight, granularity are about 5 purpose tobacco particles,

(b) approximately 0-60% weight, granularity are about 350 microns filler,

(c) approximately 0-1% weight, the residual blowing agent outside dewatering,

(d) be selected from the adhesive of about 2-40% weight of cellulosic binders, natural glue, improvement natural glue, composite adhesives and mixed adhesive thereof,

(e) moisture of about 5-20% weight,

The packed density of these goods is in 0.05-1.5 gram/cubic centimetre scope.

18, the described tobacco product of claim 17, wherein filler is selected from calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, magnesia, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide, hydrated alumina, clay, silica, diatomite and their mixture.

19, the described tobacco product of claim 17, the cellulosic binders that wherein accounts for 0-40% weight in compound is selected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, crosslinked carboxy methylcellulose and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and their mixture.

20, any one described tobacco product of claim 17-19, the natural glue, improvement natural glue and the composite adhesives that wherein account for compound 0-40% weight are selected from pectin and sodium salt, sylvite and ammonia salt, starch, guar gum and derivative thereof, hemicellulose

Ton, Curdlan, Xanthamonas glue salt, Carageenan, alginic acid and ammonia salt, sodium salt and sylvite, oxygen base cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, ethene maleic anhydride polymer, EMA polymer and sodium salt thereof, sylvite and ammonia salt, microcrystalline cellulose, glucan, dextrin, fibrous cellulose and their mixture.

21, the described tobacco product of claim 17 also comprises multi-functional base acid or its ammonia salt, sodium salt or the sylvite of about 0.1-15% weight.

22, the described tobacco product of claim 21, wherein multi-functional basic acid is citric acid or citrate.

23, the described tobacco product of claim 21, wherein multi-functional basic acid is phosphoric acid or phosphate.

24, the described tobacco product of claim 17, these goods also comprise and are selected from alginic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, pectic acid, chitosan, their water-soluble salt and their mixture.

25, the described tobacco product of claim 17, wherein tobacco particle accounts for the 25-98% weight of these goods.

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